WO2024088185A1 - 一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃 - Google Patents

一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024088185A1
WO2024088185A1 PCT/CN2023/125831 CN2023125831W WO2024088185A1 WO 2024088185 A1 WO2024088185 A1 WO 2024088185A1 CN 2023125831 W CN2023125831 W CN 2023125831W WO 2024088185 A1 WO2024088185 A1 WO 2024088185A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
glass plate
area
visible light
light transmittance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/125831
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈冰晶
李炜军
关金亮
廖少华
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd filed Critical Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020257011690A priority Critical patent/KR20250054835A/ko
Priority to EP23881763.9A priority patent/EP4596234A4/en
Priority to JP2025521206A priority patent/JP2025536906A/ja
Publication of WO2024088185A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024088185A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of glass products, and in particular to a laminated glass with different visible light transmittances.
  • optical components such as camera sensors or brake lights with various functions are usually required to be installed on the laminated glass used as the front windshield or rear windshield; such optical components generally need to emit or receive optical signals when working.
  • laminated glass is composed of two layers of glass, light will be refracted on the two layers of glass when it is incident, thus forming a double image, which in turn affects the clarity of the optical signal sent or received by the optical component.
  • the light needs to pass through at least two layers of glass. Since the glass plates generally need to go through heating processes such as bending and sintering, the glass plates themselves are prone to certain optical quality problems during the heating process. Compared with a single-layer glass plate, the two-layer glass plate is more likely to produce unpredictable optical distortion after being composited, thus affecting the clarity of the image.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass with different visible light transmittances, which can very simply and conveniently solve the technical problem of light distortion caused by laminated glass to optical components; a further solution can also achieve the protection of privacy and comfort in the car without affecting the functions of optical components such as brake lights and cameras.
  • a laminated glass having different visible light transmittances comprising an outer glass plate, a thermoplastic interlayer and an inner glass plate;
  • the outer glass plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other;
  • the inner glass plate has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate and is used to bond the second surface and the third surface;
  • At least part of the edge of the outer glass plate exceeds the inner glass plate, and the exceeding part is a single-layer glass area.
  • the layer of glass includes at least one light-transmitting functional area.
  • the laminated glass of the present invention can be used as the front windshield or rear windshield of a car.
  • the inner and outer glass plates are designed with a staggered structure.
  • the outer glass plate exceeds the inner glass plate to form a single-layer glass area, and a light-transmitting functional area is provided on the inner side of the single-layer glass area (the second surface of the outer glass plate) for installing optical components such as brake lights and cameras to avoid light distortion and meet the light transmission requirements of such equipment; and the other areas of the laminated glass are double-layer glass, which can meet other functional requirements, such as providing a colored area or a colored film to meet the requirements of appearance and protecting the privacy of the vehicle.
  • the single-layer glass area is provided with a first shielding layer on the second surface except the light-transmitting functional area; the third surface and/or the fourth surface of the inner glass plate is provided with or without a second shielding layer, and the second shielding layer is generally provided in a circle, which can also be determined according to actual needs.
  • the shielding layer is used to shield the circuits and connection accessories at the edge of the laminated glass, so as to achieve an aesthetic effect.
  • the material of the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink.
  • the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer have a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 1.5% and an ultraviolet light transmittance of ⁇ 0.05%.
  • the edge of the outer glass plate exceeds the inner glass plate to form the single-layer glass area; exceeding means that the outer glass plate is larger than the inner glass plate, and the exceeding part can be the entire circumference or a part of the edge.
  • at least part of one side edge of the outer glass plate exceeds the inner glass plate to form the single-layer glass area, and the exceeding part can be the entire side edge of the outer glass plate or a part of the side edge.
  • the side edge is preferably at the top edge of the glass.
  • the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the edge of the inner glass plate is d
  • the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate to the outer edge of the light-transmitting functional area is d1
  • the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the light-transmitting functional area is d2
  • d1 is 10 mm to 150 mm. More preferably, d1 is 20 mm to 50 mm or 10 mm to 50 mm. Specifically, when the laminated glass is used as a front windshield with a tinted area, d1 is 20 mm to 50 mm; when the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield, d1 is 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • d2 is 20 mm to 150 mm. More preferably, d2 is 30 mm to 80 mm or 10 mm to 35 mm. Specifically, when the laminated glass is used as a front windshield with a tinted area, d2 is 30 mm to 80 mm; when the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield, d2 is 10 mm to 35 mm.
  • d3 is 0-50 mm.
  • the light-transmitting functional area is close to the edge of the inner glass plate; when d3 is not 0, the light-transmitting functional area does not contact the edge of the inner glass plate, and more preferably does not contact.
  • d3 is 3 mm to 20 mm or 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • d3 is 3 mm to 20 mm; when the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield, d3 is 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the laminated glass of the present invention preferably, includes a tinted area, and the tinted area is located in an area that does not overlap with the single-layer glass area.
  • the tinted area can block sunlight and ensure privacy in the car.
  • the tinted area can be achieved by attaching a colored film, or by using thermoplastic polymers such as PVB with different colors and/or light transmittances in the thermoplastic interlayer.
  • the colored area is located in a partial area of the thermoplastic interlayer.
  • the material of the colored area is dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10% or light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%; the material of the thermoplastic interlayer except the colored area is colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%.
  • the outer glass plate is subjected to a high temperature bending and forming treatment at a temperature of at least 500°C.
  • the inner glass plate is subjected to a high temperature bending and forming treatment at a temperature of at least 500°C.
  • the stiffness of laminated glass is directly related to the thickness of the outer glass plate. Under the same process conditions (fully tempered, semi-tempered, heat-strengthened, etc.), in order to ensure the stiffness of the entire laminated glass, the thickness of the outer glass plate is preferably greater than the thickness of the inner glass plate.
  • the thickness of the outer glass plate is preferably ⁇ 1.6mm, such as 1.6mm, 2.1mm, 2.6mm, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm or 5.0mm, etc.; more preferably 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm or 5.0mm; more preferably 5.0mm.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate is preferably 0.7mm to 2.6mm, more preferably 0.7mm to 2.1mm, such as 0.7mm, 1.1mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm or 2.1mm, etc., and more preferably 0.7mm or 1.1mm.
  • the outer glass plate is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, light gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%.
  • the outer glass plate when the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a front windshield, the outer glass plate is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, ordinary green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%; when the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a rear windshield, the outer glass plate is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, ordinary green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, light gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%.
  • the inner glass plate is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, Light grey glass or dark green glass with visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%, dark grey glass or dark green glass with visible light transmittance ⁇ 25%.
  • the thermoplastic interlayer is sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, and is used to bond the second surface and the third surface.
  • the thermoplastic interlayer can be a single layer or two or more layers; for example, when there are two or more layers, one of the layers has a higher plasticizer content so as to have a sound insulation function, or one of the layers is wedge-shaped so as to have a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.
  • the thermoplastic interlayer can also have other functions, such as providing at least one tinted area to reduce the interference of sunlight to the human eye, or adding an infrared absorber so as to have a sunscreen or heat insulation function.
  • the material of the thermoplastic interlayer is selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), ionomer film (SGP), etc., and more preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
  • the material of the tinted area is selected from dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10% and light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%, which can play a sunshade effect, thereby reducing the interference of sunlight to the human eye;
  • the material of the thermoplastic interlayer except the tinted area is colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%, which can ensure the driver's field of vision and does not affect safe driving.
  • the color of the tinted area can be gray, green, blue or brown, preferably gray or green, more preferably gray.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, for example: 0.38 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.9 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.76 mm), 1.52 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.38 mm), etc., more preferably 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm, and further preferably 0.76 mm.
  • the laminated glass is used as a front windshield
  • the light-transmitting functional area is equipped with a camera; the single-layer glass area is provided with a first shielding layer on the second surface except the light-transmitting functional area;
  • the outer glass plate is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%. This visible light transmittance can ensure that the camera light path penetrates the outer glass plate to ensure the normal operation of the camera;
  • Part of the thermoplastic interlayer is a colored area.
  • the material of the colored area is a dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10% or a light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%, which can play a sunshade effect, thereby reducing the interference of sunlight to the human eye;
  • the material of the non-colored area is a colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%, which can ensure the driver's field of vision and does not affect safe driving;
  • the inner glass plate is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or Colored glass or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%; a second shielding layer may or may not be provided on the fourth surface of the inner glass plate.
  • the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield
  • the light-transmitting functional area is equipped with a camera and/or a brake light; the single-layer glass area is provided with a first shielding layer on the second surface except the light-transmitting functional area;
  • the outer glass plate is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%. This visible light transmittance can ensure that the camera light path penetrates the outer glass plate to ensure the normal operation of the camera;
  • the outer glass plate is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 40%, or light gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 40% to 65%;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10%, light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%, or colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%.
  • the inner glass plate is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%, or dark gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 25%;
  • the inner glass plate is a colored glass or a transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%, preferably a green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, and more preferably a solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%;
  • the inner glass plate is colored glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 70%, preferably gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%; a second shielding layer may or may not be provided on the fourth surface of the inner glass plate.
  • the laminated glass of the present invention can solve the technical problem of light distortion caused by laminated glass to optical components very simply and conveniently by designing a staggered structure, only by making the edge of the outer glass plate extend beyond the inner glass plate. Further, by setting a tinted area and selecting glass substrates with different visible light transmittances, the effect of achieving different visible light transmittances on the same glass window is achieved, which not only protects the privacy and comfort of the vehicle, but also does not affect the functions of optical components such as brake lights and cameras.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of laminated glass with different visible light transmittances in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a laminated glass in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a scatter plot of deformation of various laminated glass combinations after impact.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of the laminated glass of the present invention as a front windshield with a tinted area.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a preferred structure of the laminated glass of the present invention as a rear windshield.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 21-colored region in the thermoplastic intermediate layer, 22-non-colored region in the thermoplastic intermediate layer;
  • the laminated glass of the present invention is designed with a staggered structure so that the laminated glass has a single-layer glass area and a double-layer glass area.
  • the installation position of optical components such as cameras that work through the transmission spectrum is set in the single-layer glass area to solve the problem of light distortion and ensure its light transmittance; the double-layer glass area can be designed to have different visible light transmittances to achieve effects such as shading to protect privacy and appearance without affecting the functions of devices that work through the transmission spectrum.
  • the present invention provides a laminated glass with different visible light transmittances.
  • the laminated glass comprises an outer glass plate 1, a thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 and an inner glass plate 3;
  • the outer glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to each other;
  • the inner glass plate 3 has a third surface 31 and a fourth surface 32 opposite to each other;
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 and is used to bond the second surface 12 and the third surface 31;
  • the exceeding part is a single-layer glass area 51, and the single-layer glass area 51 includes at least one light-transmitting functional area 52.
  • the exceeding part can be a whole circumference or a part of the edge.
  • one side edge of the outer glass plate 1 exceeds the inner glass plate 3 to form the single-layer glass area 51.
  • the side edge is preferably located at the top edge of the windshield.
  • the single-layer glass area 51 is provided with a first shielding layer 41 on the second surface 12 in addition to the light-transmitting functional area 52.
  • the first shielding layer 41 may also extend to the outer
  • the outer glass plate 1 is arranged in the second surface 12 except the single-layer glass area 51 , and along the edge of the area except the single-layer glass area 51 .
  • the third surface 31 or the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass plate 3 may or may not be provided with a second shielding layer 42.
  • the second shielding layer 42 is generally provided around the edge of the inner glass plate 3, and may also be provided according to actual needs.
  • the first shielding layer 41 and the second shielding layer 42 are used to shield the circuits and connection accessories at the edge of the laminated glass, thereby achieving an aesthetic effect.
  • the material of the first shielding layer 41 and the second shielding layer 42 is ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink.
  • the visible light transmittance of the first shielding layer 41 and the second shielding layer 42 is less than or equal to 1.5%, and the ultraviolet transmittance is less than or equal to 0.05%.
  • the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the edge of the inner glass plate 3 is d
  • the distance from the edge of the outer glass plate 1 to the outer edge of the light-transmitting functional area 52 is d1
  • the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the light-transmitting functional area 52 is d2 (when the laminated glass is used as a front windshield or a rear windshield, d2 is the window height of the equipment installed thereon)
  • d1 is 10mm to 150mm; preferably, d1 is 20mm to 50mm or 10mm to 50mm. Specifically, when the laminated glass is used as a front windshield, d1 is 20mm to 50mm; when the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield, d1 is 10mm to 50mm.
  • d2 is 20mm to 150mm; preferably, d2 is 30mm to 80mm or 10mm to 35mm. Specifically, when the laminated glass is used as a front windshield, d2 is 30mm to 80mm; when the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield, d2 is 10mm to 35mm.
  • d3 is 0 to 50mm; when d3 is 0, the light-transmitting functional area 52 is close to the edge of the inner glass plate 3; when d3 is not 0, as shown in FIG1 , the light-transmitting functional area 52 does not contact the edge of the inner glass plate 3. More preferably, d3 is 3mm to 20mm or 3mm to 10mm. Specifically, when the laminated glass is used as a front windshield, d3 is 3mm to 20mm; when the laminated glass is used as a rear windshield, d3 is 3mm to 10mm.
  • the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3 are subjected to a high temperature bending and forming treatment at a temperature of at least 500°C.
  • the stiffness of the laminated glass is directly related to the thickness of the outer glass plate 1.
  • the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is preferably greater than the thickness of the inner glass plate 3.
  • the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is preferably ⁇ 1.6mm, such as 1.6mm, 2.1mm, 2.6mm, 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm or 5.0mm, etc.; preferably 3.2mm, 3.5mm, 4.0mm, 4.5mm or 5.0mm; more preferably 5.0mm.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate 3 is preferably 0.7mm-2.6mm, more preferably 0.7mm-2.1mm, such as 0.7mm, 1.1mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm or 2.1mm, etc., and more preferably 0.7mm or 1.1mm.
  • the inner and outer glass sheets can be set to an asymmetric thickness, with the outer glass sheet having a thickness of 3.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the asymmetric laminated glass combination with a total thickness of 5.36 mm is less than that of the symmetrical laminated glass combination with a total thickness of 5.96 mm, the rigidity of the former is significantly better than that of the latter. Therefore, the asymmetric laminated glass combination can have a higher strength while maintaining light weight.
  • the use of a thicker outer glass plate can greatly increase the strength of the single-layer glass area to meet the use requirements.
  • the inner glass and the outer glass used in the laminated glass combination are both non-tempered glass. Under the condition of the same thickness, the strength of the inner glass or the outer glass alone is much lower than that of the tempered glass.
  • the laminated glass further includes a tinted area 7 to achieve the effect of shielding sunlight and protecting the privacy in the car; the tinted area 7 is located in an area that does not overlap with the single-layer glass area 51, which can be achieved by attaching a colored film, or by using thermoplastic polymer materials (such as PVB, PVC, PC, EVA, etc.) of different colors and/or transmittances as a thermoplastic interlayer to achieve at least a partial tinted area on the thermoplastic interlayer. More preferably, the tinted area 7 is a partial area in the thermoplastic interlayer; for example, the tinted area 21 in the thermoplastic interlayer in FIG. 4 .
  • thermoplastic polymer materials such as PVB, PVC, PC, EVA, etc.
  • the material of the tinted area 21 in the thermoplastic interlayer is a dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10% or a light-colored PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%; the material of the non-tinted area 22 in the thermoplastic interlayer is a colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%.
  • the tinted area can reduce the visible light transmittance of the glass. Although it can block the sunlight, it also blocks the optical path of the camera on the front windshield, making the camera unable to work normally.
  • the laminated front windshield does not have a tinted area, the visible light transmittance reaches more than 70%. Although it will not affect the operation of the camera, it also cannot block the sunlight.
  • the laminated glass is used as a laminated rear windshield with a colored film, it can play a role in beauty and protecting the privacy of the driver and passengers, but because the colored film reduces the visible light transmittance, the brake light path on the rear windshield cannot be clearly transmitted.
  • the laminated rear windshield does not have a colored film, although it does not affect the transmission of the brake light path on the rear windshield, it also cannot play a role in beauty and protecting the privacy in the car.
  • the present invention due to the existence of a single-layer glass area, by arranging optical components such as cameras, sensors or brake lights on the single-layer glass area, the adverse effects of the tinted area on the optical components can be avoided, and the tinted area itself can also achieve the role of shielding sunlight or protecting privacy without affecting the optical signal transmission of the optical components.
  • the outer glass plate 1 is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, More specifically, when the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a front windshield, the outer glass plate 1 is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, ordinary green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%; when the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a rear windshield, the outer glass plate 1 is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, ordinary green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, light gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%.
  • the inner glass plate 3 is selected from transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, light gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%, and dark gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 25%.
  • thermoplastic interlayer 2 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 3, and is used to bond the second surface 12 and the third surface 31.
  • the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can be a single layer or two or more layers; for example, when there are two or more layers, one of the layers has a higher plasticizer content so as to have a sound insulation function, or one of the layers is wedge-shaped so as to have a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.
  • the thermoplastic interlayer 2 can also have other functions, such as providing at least one colored area to reduce the interference of sunlight to the human eye, or adding an infrared absorber to have a sunscreen or heat insulation function.
  • the material of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is selected from polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), ionomer film (SGP), etc., and more preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
  • the material of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is selected from a combination of one or more of dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10%, light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%, or colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 can be colored as a whole to form a colored area, or partially colored to form a colored area. In addition, the color of the colored area can be gray, green, blue or brown, preferably gray or green, and more preferably gray.
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, for example: 0.38 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.9 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.76 mm), 1.52 mm (three layers in total, each with a thickness of 0.76 mm, 0.38 mm and 0.38 mm), etc., more preferably 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm, and further preferably 0.76 mm.
  • the laminated glass of the present invention is used as a front windshield with a tinted area; the light-transmitting functional area 52 is equipped with a camera 6, and at this time, the top edge of the outer glass plate 1 is larger than the inner glass plate 3, and the edge exceeds the inner glass plate 3 to form a single-layer glass area 51, and d2 is the window height of the camera 6.
  • d1 is 20 mm to 50 mm;
  • d2 is 30 mm to 80 mm;
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 includes a colored area and a non-colored area; the material of the colored area 21 in the thermoplastic intermediate layer is a dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10% or a light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%, which can play a role in sunshade.
  • the non-colored area 22 in the thermoplastic interlayer is made of colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%, which can ensure the driver's field of vision and does not affect safe driving.
  • the width of the colored area 21 in the thermoplastic interlayer is t, which starts from the outer boundary of the inner glass plate 3 and ends at the upper boundary of the B area of the optical partition. At this time, the colored area does not affect the light transmittance of the light-transmitting functional area 52, thereby ensuring the function of the camera 6 installed therein to work through the transmission spectrum.
  • the outer glass plate 1 is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%. This visible light transmittance can ensure that the camera light path penetrates the outer glass plate 1 to ensure the normal operation of the camera;
  • the inner glass plate 3 is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%.
  • the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass plate 3 can be provided with or without a second shielding layer as needed.
  • the light-transmitting functional area 52 is installed with a camera and/or a brake light 6.
  • d1 is 10 mm to 50 mm
  • d2 is 10 mm to 35 mm
  • d3 is 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the outer glass plate 1 is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, or solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%. This visible light transmittance can ensure that the camera light path penetrates the outer glass plate 1 to ensure the normal operation of the camera.
  • the outer glass plate 1 is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 40%, or light gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 40% to 65%.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 2 is dark PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 10%, light PVB with a visible light transmittance of 10% to 70%, or colorless PVB with a visible light transmittance of ⁇ 70%.
  • the inner glass plate 3 is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 85% to 93%, green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%, gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%, or dark gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 25%.
  • the inner glass plate 3 is colored glass or transparent glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 70%, preferably green glass with a visible light transmittance of 73% to 88%, and more preferably solar green glass with a visible light transmittance of 70% to 85.5%.
  • the inner glass plate 3 is colored glass with a visible light transmittance ⁇ 70%, preferably gray glass or dark green glass with a visible light transmittance of 25% to 50%; the second shielding layer may or may not be provided on the fourth surface 32 of the inner glass plate 3 as needed.
  • This embodiment provides a specific laminated glass combination as a front windshield with a tinted area.
  • the tinted area starts from the edge of the inner glass plate 3 to the upper boundary of the visible area B of the glass.
  • the overall thickness of the laminated glass in this embodiment is 4.46 mm, wherein the thickness of the single-layer glass area is 2.6 mm, and optical components such as cameras or sensors are installed on the 2.6 mm single-layer glass area.
  • the single-layer glass area has smaller optical distortion than the stacked outer glass plate and inner glass plate, and can improve the imaging effect of the optical components.
  • the visible light transmittance of the camera area i.e., the light-transmitting functional area 52
  • the field of view area i.e., the area corresponding to the non-colored thermoplastic intermediate layer
  • the visible light transmittance of the camera area and the field of view area is 76% to 80%, wherein the camera area and the field of view area have a relatively high visible light transmittance, which can ensure that the optical components and the driver can receive external image information more clearly, thereby avoiding obstruction of the driver's field of view or affecting the imaging clarity of the optical components due to excessively low visible light transmittance.
  • the visible light transmittance of the colored area is 5% to 30%, wherein the colored area has a lower visible light transmittance, which can prevent the external glare light from affecting the normal vision of the driver and play an effect of preventing glare.
  • This embodiment provides a specific laminated glass combination as a front windshield with a tinted area.
  • the first shielding layer is ink.
  • the tinted area starts from the edge of the inner glass plate 3 to the upper boundary of the visible area B of the glass.
  • the overall thickness of the laminated glass in this embodiment is 5.06 mm, wherein the thickness of the single-layer glass area is 3.2 mm.
  • Optical components such as cameras or sensors are installed on the 3.2 mm single-layer glass area.
  • the single-layer glass area has smaller optical distortion than the stacked outer glass plate and inner glass plate, thereby improving the imaging effect of the optical components.
  • the visible light transmittance of the camera area and the field of view area is 71% to 75%.
  • the camera area and the field of view area have a higher visible light transmittance, which can ensure that the optical components and the driver can receive external image information more clearly to avoid Avoid excessively low visible light transmittance that blocks the driver’s field of vision or affects the imaging clarity of optical components.
  • the visible light transmittance of the colored area is 5% to 30%, wherein the colored area has a lower visible light transmittance, which can prevent the external glare light from affecting the normal vision of the driver and play an effect of preventing glare.
  • This embodiment provides a specific laminated glass as a rear windshield with a tinted area.
  • d1 15mm
  • d2 10mm
  • d3 5mm
  • the overall thickness of the laminated glass in this embodiment is 4.96 mm, wherein the thickness of the single-layer glass area is 2.6 mm.
  • Optical components such as cameras, sensors or brake lights are installed on the 2.6 mm single-layer glass area.
  • the single-layer glass area has smaller optical distortion, which can improve the imaging effect of the optical components or the light perspective effect of the brake lights, so that the rear vehicles can see more clearly whether the brake lights are on.
  • the visible light transmittance of the camera or brake light area is 75% to 80%.
  • the camera or brake light area has a higher visible light transmittance, which can ensure that optical components such as the camera or brake light can more clearly receive external image information or transmit optical signals to the outside world.
  • the field of vision area has a higher visible light transmittance, which makes it easier for the driver to observe the status of the vehicle behind the field of vision area of the rear windshield more clearly through the rearview mirror.
  • the visible light transmittance of other areas is 35% to 45%, among which the other areas have a lower visible light transmittance, which can prevent peeping and protect the privacy of drivers and passengers.
  • This embodiment provides a specific laminated glass as a rear windshield with a tinted area.
  • the overall thickness of the laminated glass in this embodiment is 5.36 mm, wherein the thickness of the single-layer glass area is 5.36 mm, and optical components such as cameras, sensors or brake lights are installed on the 5.36 mm single-layer glass area.
  • the single-layer glass area has smaller optical distortion, which can improve the imaging effect of the optical components or the light perspective effect of the brake lights, so that the rear vehicles can see more clearly whether the brake lights are on.
  • the visible light transmittance of the camera or brake light area is 88% to 92%.
  • the camera or brake light area has a higher visible light transmittance, which can ensure that optical components such as the camera or brake light can more clearly receive external image information or transmit optical signals to the outside world.
  • the field of vision area has a higher visible light transmittance, which makes it easier for the driver to observe the status of the vehicle behind the field of vision area of the rear windshield more clearly through the rearview mirror.
  • the visible light transmittance of other areas is 15-25%, wherein other areas have a lower visible light transmittance, which can prevent peeping and protect the privacy of drivers and passengers.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃。夹层玻璃包括外玻璃板，具有相对的第一表面和第二表面；内玻璃板，具有相对的第三表面和第四表面；热塑性中间层，夹设于内外玻璃板之间，用于粘接第二和第三表面；外玻璃板的至少部分边部超出内玻璃板形成单层玻璃区，单层玻璃区包括至少一个透光功能区。该夹层玻璃可作为汽车的前/后挡风玻璃，通过错位的结构设计，可解决夹层玻璃对光学组件造成光畸变的技术问题。

Description

一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃
本申请要求于2022年10月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211301927.X、发明名称为“一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃产品领域，具体涉及一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃。
背景技术
随着汽车智能化技术的普及，作为前挡风玻璃或后挡风玻璃的夹层玻璃上通常会需要安装各种功能的相机传感器或刹车灯等光学组件；对于这类光学组件在工作时一般需要发射或接受光学信号。
而夹层玻璃由于本身是由内外两层玻璃板复合而成，因此光线入射时会在内外两层玻璃板上分别发生折射，从而形成重影，进而影响光学组件所发送或接受的光学信号的清晰度。此外，光学组件工作时的光线需要穿过至少两层玻璃板，由于玻璃板一般需要经过烘弯、烧结等加热处理过程，玻璃板在加热处理的过程中容易使玻璃板本身存在一定的光学质量问题，而两层玻璃板复合后相对于单层的玻璃板，更加容易产生不可预知的光学畸变，从而影响成像的清晰度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃，可非常简单方便地解决夹层玻璃对光学组件造成光畸变的技术问题；进一步的方案还可以实现既保护车内隐私性和舒适性，又不影响刹车灯、相机等光学组件的功能。
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃，所述夹层玻璃包括外玻璃板、热塑性中间层和内玻璃板；
所述外玻璃板具有相对的第一表面和第二表面；所述内玻璃板具有相对的第三表面和第四表面；
所述热塑性中间层夹设于所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，用于粘接所述第二表面和第三表面；
所述外玻璃板的至少部分边部超出所述内玻璃板，超出部分为单层玻璃区，所述单 层玻璃区包括至少一个透光功能区。
本发明的夹层玻璃可以用作汽车的前挡风玻璃或后挡风玻璃，内外玻璃板采用错位结构设计，外玻璃板超出内玻璃板形成单层玻璃区，并在单层玻璃区内侧(外玻璃板的第二表面)设置透光功能区用以安装刹车灯、相机等光学组件，避免产生光畸变，且满足此等设备的透光需求；而夹层玻璃的其他区域为双层玻璃，可以实现其他功能需求，例如设置着色区或有色膜片等以满足外观以及保护车内隐私性的需求。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述单层玻璃区除所述透光功能区以外在所述第二表面上设置有第一遮蔽层；所述内玻璃板的第三表面和/或第四表面上设置或者不设置第二遮蔽层，第二遮蔽层一般为环绕一圈设置，也可以根据实际需求而定。遮蔽层用以遮蔽夹层玻璃边缘处的电路及连接附件等，起到美观的效果。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述第一遮蔽层和第二遮蔽层的材料为陶瓷油墨或紫外油墨。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述第一遮蔽层和第二遮蔽层的可见光透过率≤1.5％，紫外线透过率≤0.05％。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，所述外玻璃板的至少部分边部超出所述内玻璃板形成所述单层玻璃区；超出即指外玻璃板比内玻璃板尺寸大，超出部分可以是整周圈，也可以是某部分边部。优选地，所述外玻璃板的一侧边部的至少部分超出所述内玻璃板形成所述单层玻璃区，超出部分可以是外玻璃板的整个该侧边部，也可以是该侧边部的部分区域。本发明夹层玻璃用作前后挡风玻璃时，该侧边部优先在玻璃顶边。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，在所述单层玻璃区，从所述外玻璃板的边缘到内玻璃板的边缘的方向上：所述外玻璃板的边缘到内玻璃板的边缘的距离为d，所述外玻璃板的边缘到透光功能区的外边缘的距离为d1，所述透光功能区的外边缘到内边缘的距离为d2，所述透光功能区的内边缘到内玻璃板的边缘的距离为d3；d＝d1+d2+d3。
优选地，d1为10mm～150mm。更优选地，d1为20mm～50mm或10mm～50mm。具体的，当所述夹层玻璃作为带着色区的前挡风玻璃时，d1为20mm～50mm；当所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，d1为10mm～50mm。
优选地，d2为20mm～150mm。更优选地，d2为30mm～80mm或10mm～35mm。具体的，当所述夹层玻璃作为带着色区的前挡风玻璃时，d2为30mm～80mm；当所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，d2为10mm～35mm。
优选地，d3为0～50mm。d3为0时，所述透光功能区与所述内玻璃板的边缘紧挨着；d3不为0时，所述透光功能区与所述内玻璃板的边缘不接触，更优选不接触。更优 选地，d3为3mm～20mm或3mm～10mm。具体的，当所述夹层玻璃作为带着色区的前挡风玻璃时，d3为3mm～20mm；当所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，d3为3mm～10mm。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述夹层玻璃包括有着色区，所述着色区位于不与所述单层玻璃区重合的区域。着色区的设置能够遮蔽阳光以及保障车内隐私。该着色区可以通过贴附有色膜片实现，或在热塑性中间层中通过采用不同颜色和/或透光率的热塑性聚合物例如PVB实现。
更优选地，所述着色区位于所述热塑性中间层中的部分区域。进一步优选的，所述着色区的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB或可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB；所述热塑性中间层中除所述着色区外的材料为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述外玻璃板经过至少500℃的高温弯曲成型处理。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述内玻璃板经过至少500℃的高温弯曲成型处理。
夹层玻璃的刚度与外玻璃板的厚度成直接相关，在相同工艺条件下(全钢化、半钢化、热强化等)，为保证整个组合的夹层玻璃的刚度，本发明优选外玻璃板的厚度大于内玻璃板的厚度。所述外玻璃板的厚度优选≥1.6mm，例如1.6mm、2.1mm、2.6mm、3.2mm、3.5mm、4.0mm、4.5mm或5.0mm等；更优选为3.2mm、3.5mm、4.0mm、4.5mm或5.0mm；进一步优选为5.0mm。所述内玻璃板的厚度优选为0.7mm～2.6mm，更优选为0.7mm～2.1mm，例如0.7mm、1.1mm、1.6mm、1.8mm或2.1mm等，进一步优选为0.7mm或1.1mm。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述外玻璃板选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。更具体的，当本发明的夹层玻璃用作前挡风玻璃时，外玻璃板选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的普通绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃；当本发明的夹层玻璃用作后挡风玻璃时，外玻璃板选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的普通绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述内玻璃板选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、 可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率≤25％的深灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
本发明的夹层玻璃中，热塑性中间层夹设于所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板之间，用于粘接所述第二表面和第三表面。该热塑性中间层可以是单层或者两层以上；例如具有两层以上时，其中一层的增塑剂含量更高从而具有隔音功能，或者其中一层是楔形形状从而具有抬头显示(HUD)功能等。此外，热塑性中间层还可以具有其他功能，例如设置至少一个着色区从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰，或者增添红外线吸收剂从而具有防晒或隔热功能。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述热塑性中间层的材料选自聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PUR)、离子型聚合物膜(SGP)等，更优选为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。当所述着色区设置于所述热塑性中间层的部分区域时，所述着色区的材料选自可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB、可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB，可起到遮阳效果，从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰；所述热塑性中间层除着色区外的材料为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB，可保证驾驶人员的视野，不影响安全驾驶。此外，所述着色区的颜色可以是灰色、绿色、蓝色或棕色，优选灰色或绿色，更优选灰色。
根据本发明的夹层玻璃，优选地，所述热塑性中间层的厚度为0.3mm～2.3mm，例如：0.38mm、0.51mm、0.76mm、1.9mm(共三层，各厚0.76mm、0.38mm和0.76mm)、1.52mm(共三层，各厚0.76mm、0.38mm和0.38mm)等，更优选为0.38mm或0.76mm，进一步优选为0.76mm。
本发明的一个优选方案中，所述夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃；
所述透光功能区安装有相机；所述单层玻璃区除所述透光功能区以外在第二表面上设置有第一遮蔽层；
所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃，此可见光透过率可以保证相机光路穿透外玻璃板，保证相机的正常工作；
所述热塑性中间层中的部分区域为着色区，着色区的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB或可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB，可起到遮阳效果，从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰；非着色区的材料为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB，可保证驾驶人员的视野，不影响安全驾驶；
所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿 色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃；所述内玻璃板的第四表面上可以设置或不设置第二遮蔽层。
本发明的一个优选方案中，所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃；
所述透光功能区安装有相机和/或刹车灯；所述单层玻璃区除所述透光功能区以外在第二表面上设置有第一遮蔽层；
当所述透光功能区安装有相机时，所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃；此可见光透过率可以保证相机光路穿透外玻璃板，保证相机的正常工作；
当所述透光功能区安装有刹车灯时，所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～40％的灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率40％～65％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃；
所述热塑性中间层的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB、可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB或可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB；
所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率≤25％的深灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃；
当所述热塑性中间层为可见光透过率≤70％的着色PVB时，所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率≥70％的着色玻璃或透明玻璃，优选可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃，更优选可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃；
当所述热塑性中间层为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB时，所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率≤70％的着色玻璃，优选可见光透过率25％～50％的灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃；所述内玻璃板的第四表面上可以设置或不设置第二遮蔽层。
本发明的夹层玻璃通过错位结构设计，仅需将外玻璃板部分边部超出内玻璃板，即可非常简单方便地解决夹层玻璃对光学组件造成光畸变的技术问题。进一步设置着色区以及不同可见光透过率的玻璃基板的选择，达到在同一玻璃窗上实现不同可见光透过率的效果，既保护车内隐私性和舒适性，又不影响刹车灯、相机等光学组件的功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明一优选实施例中具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃的结构示意图。
图2为本发明一优选实施例中的夹层玻璃的主视图。
图3为多种不同夹层玻璃组合受冲击后的形变量散点图。
图4本发明的夹层玻璃作为带有着色区的前挡风玻璃的一优选结构示意图。
图5为本发明的夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃的一优选结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-外玻璃板，11-第一表面，12-第二表面；
2-热塑性中间层，21-热塑性中间层中的着色区，22-热塑性中间层中的非着色区；
3-内玻璃板，31-第三表面，32-第四表面；
41-第一遮蔽层，42-第二遮蔽层；
51-单层玻璃区，52-透光功能区；
6-相机、刹车灯；
7-着色区。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明，下面结合优选实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的，不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明的夹层玻璃通过错位结构设计，使得夹层玻璃具有单层玻璃区和双层玻璃区，将通过透射光谱工作的相机等光学组件的安装位置设置于单层玻璃区，解决光畸变的问题，且保证其透光性；双层玻璃区则可以设计为不同的可见光透过率以实现例如遮光保护隐私性和外观的效果，而不影响通过透射光谱工作的设备的功能。
本发明提供的一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃。如图1所示，包括外玻璃板1、热塑性中间层2和内玻璃板3；
所述外玻璃板1具有相对的第一表面11和第二表面12；所述内玻璃板3具有相对的第三表面31和第四表面32；
所述热塑性中间层2夹设于所述外玻璃板1和内玻璃板3之间，用于粘接所述第二表面12和第三表面31；
如图2所示，所述外玻璃板1的至少部分边部超出所述内玻璃板3，超出部分为单层玻璃区51，所述单层玻璃区51包括至少一个透光功能区52。超出部分可以是整周圈，也可以是某部分边部。例如图1和图2中所示，所述外玻璃板1的一侧边部超出所述内玻璃板3形成所述单层玻璃区51，当该夹层玻璃用作前后挡风玻璃时，该侧边部优选位于挡风玻璃的顶边。
优选地，如图2所示，所述单层玻璃区51除所述透光功能区52以外在所述第二表面12上设置有第一遮蔽层41。此外，在某些实施例中，第一遮蔽层41还可以延伸至外 玻璃板1除单层玻璃区51以外的第二表面12内，并沿着外玻璃板1除单层玻璃区51以外的区域的边缘进行设置。
此外，所述内玻璃板3的第三表面31或第四表面32上还可以设置或者不设置第二遮蔽层42，第二遮蔽层42一般为环绕内玻璃板3的边缘进行设置，也可以根据实际需求而定。第一遮蔽层41、第二遮蔽层42用以遮蔽夹层玻璃边缘处的电路及连接附件等，起到美观的效果。优选地，第一遮蔽层41和第二遮蔽层42的材料为陶瓷油墨或紫外油墨。优选地，第一遮蔽层41和第二遮蔽层42的可见光透过率小于或等于1.5％，紫外线透过率小于或等于0.05％。
在所述单层玻璃区51，从所述外玻璃板1的边缘到内玻璃板3的边缘的方向上：所述外玻璃板1的边缘到内玻璃板3的边缘的距离为d，所述外玻璃板1的边缘到透光功能区52的外边缘的距离为d1，所述透光功能区52的外边缘到内边缘的距离为d2(当该夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃或后挡风玻璃时，d2为安装于此的设备的窗口高度)，所述透光功能区52的内边缘到内玻璃板3的边缘的距离为d3；d＝d1+d2+d3。d1为10mm～150mm；优选地，d1为20mm～50mm或10mm～50mm。具体的，当所述夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃时，d1为20mm～50mm；当所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，d1为10mm～50mm。d2为20mm～150mm；优选地，d2为30mm～80mm或10mm～35mm。具体的，当所述夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃时，d2为30mm～80mm；当所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，d2为10mm～35mm。d3为0～50mm；d3为0时，所述透光功能区52与所述内玻璃板3的边缘紧挨着；d3不为0时，如图1所示，所述透光功能区52与所述内玻璃板3的边缘不接触。更优选地，d3为3mm～20mm或3mm～10mm。具体的，当所述夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃时，d3为3mm～20mm；当所述夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，d3为3mm～10mm。
优选地，所述外玻璃板1、内玻璃板3经过至少500℃的高温弯曲成型处理。夹层玻璃的刚度与外玻璃板1的厚度直接相关，在相同工艺条件下(全钢化、半钢化、热强化等)，为保证整个组合的夹层玻璃的刚度，本发明优选外玻璃板1的厚度大于内玻璃板3的厚度。所述外玻璃板1的厚度优选≥1.6mm，例如1.6mm、2.1mm、2.6mm、3.2mm、3.5mm、4.0mm、4.5mm或5.0mm等；优选为3.2mm、3.5mm、4.0mm、4.5mm或5.0mm；进一步优选为5.0mm。所述内玻璃板3的厚度优选为0.7mm～2.6mm，更优选为0.7mm～2.1mm，例如0.7mm、1.1mm、1.6mm、1.8mm或2.1mm等，进一步优选为0.7mm或1.1mm。
在如图3所示的实施例中，内外玻璃板可以为非对称式的厚度设置，3.5mm的外玻 璃板+1.1mm的内玻璃板+0.76mm的中间层的非对称式夹层玻璃组合(图2中的L＝3.5+1.1+0.76)的总厚度为5.36mm，而2.6mm的外玻璃板+2.6mm的内玻璃板+0.76mm的中间层的对称式夹层玻璃组合(图3中的L＝2.6+2.6+0.76)的总厚度为5.96mm，二者相比之下，总厚度为5.36mm的非对称式夹层玻璃组合虽然厚度小于总厚度为5.96mm对称式夹层玻璃组合，但是前者的刚度却明显优于后者。因此，非对称式的夹层玻璃组合在保持轻量化的情况下，还能够具有较高的强度，此外，对于本发明来说，使用更厚的外玻璃板，能够使单层玻璃区的强度大幅度增加以满足使用需求。
此外，在如图3所示的实施例中，夹层玻璃组合所使用的内层玻璃和外层玻璃均为非钢化的玻璃，相同厚度的情况下单独的内层玻璃或外层玻璃的强度远低于钢化玻璃，而在本发明中通过设置合理的玻璃组合，使3.5mm的外玻璃板+1.1mm的内玻璃板+0.76mm的中间层的非对称式夹层玻璃组合(图2中的L＝3.5+1.1+0.76)能够与厚度为3.5mm的单片钢化玻璃(图3中的T＝3.5)的强度相当。
优选地，如图2所示，所述夹层玻璃还包括有着色区7，实现遮蔽阳光以及保障车内隐私的效果；所述着色区7位于不与所述单层玻璃区51重合的区域，可以通过贴附有色膜片实现，或通过采用不同颜色和/或透光率的热塑性聚合物材料(例如PVB、PVC、PC、EVA等)作为热塑性中间层以实现在热塑性中间层上存在至少部分的着色区。更优选地，所述着色区7为所述热塑性中间层中的部分区域；例如图4中的热塑性中间层中的着色区21。进一步优选的，所述热塑性中间层中的着色区21的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB或可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB；所述热塑性中间层中的非着色区22的材料为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB。
其中，夹层玻璃作为前挡风玻璃带有着色区时，着色区可降低玻璃的可见光透过率，虽然能够遮蔽阳光，但同时也遮蔽了前挡风玻璃上相机的光路，使相机无法正常工作。夹层前挡风玻璃不带有着色区时，可见光透过率达到70％以上，虽然不会影响相机的工作，但同时也无法遮蔽阳光。夹层玻璃作为夹层后挡风玻璃带有色膜片时，可以起到美观和保护司机及乘客隐私的作用，但由于有色膜片降低可见光透过率，后挡风玻璃上的刹车灯光路无法清晰得透射出去。夹层后挡风玻璃不带有色膜片时，虽然不影响后挡风玻璃上刹车灯光路的透射，但同时也无法起到美观和保护车内隐私的作用。而本发明中，由于存在单层玻璃区，因此通过将相机、传感器或刹车灯等光学组件设置在单层玻璃区上以避免了着色区对光学组件所产生的不良影响，而着色区本身也能够在不影响光学组件的光学信号传输的情况下实现遮蔽阳光或保护隐私的作用。
外玻璃板1选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿 色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。更具体的，当本发明的夹层玻璃用作前挡风玻璃时，外玻璃板1选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的普通绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃；当本发明的夹层玻璃用作后挡风玻璃时，外玻璃板1选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的普通绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
内玻璃板3选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率≤25％的深灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
热塑性中间层2夹设于所述外玻璃板1和内玻璃板3之间，用于粘接所述第二表面12和第三表面31。该热塑性中间层2可以是单层或者两层以上；例如具有两层以上时，其中一层的增塑剂含量更高从而具有隔音功能，或者其中一层是楔形形状从而具有抬头显示(HUD)功能等。此外，热塑性中间层2还可以具有其他功能，例如设置至少一个着色区从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰，或者增添红外线吸收剂从而具有防晒或隔热功能。
热塑性中间层2的材料选自聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氨酯(PUR)、离子型聚合物膜(SGP)等，更优选为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。例如，所述热塑性中间层2的材料选自可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB、可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB或可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB中的一种或多种的组合。热塑性中间层2可以整体着色形成着色区，也可以部分着色形成着色区，此外，着色区的颜色可以是灰色、绿色、蓝色或棕色，优选灰色或绿色，更优选灰色。
热塑性中间层2的厚度为0.3mm～2.3mm，例如：0.38mm、0.51mm、0.76mm、1.9mm(共三层，各厚0.76mm、0.38mm和0.76mm)、1.52mm(共三层，各厚0.76mm、0.38mm和0.38mm)等，更优选为0.38mm或0.76mm，进一步优选为0.76mm。
如图4所示，本发明的夹层玻璃作为带着色区的前挡风玻璃；所述透光功能区52安装有相机6，此时外玻璃板1的顶边尺寸大于内玻璃板3，边部超出内玻璃板3形成单层玻璃区51，d2为相机6的窗口高度。d1为20mm～50mm；d2为30mm～80mm；d3为3mm～20mm；d＝d1+d2+d3。
所述热塑性中间层2包括着色区和非着色区；热塑性中间层中的着色区21的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB或可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB，可起到遮阳 效果，从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰；热塑性中间层中的非着色区22的材料为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB，可保证驾驶人员的视野，不影响安全驾驶。热塑性中间层中的着色区21的宽度为t，t从内玻璃板3的外边界开始直到光学分区的B区上边界为止。此时，着色区并不会影响透光功能区52的透光性，从而保证了安装于此的相机6通过透射光谱来工作的设备的功能。
所述外玻璃板1为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃，此可见光透过率可以保证相机光路穿透外玻璃板1，保证相机的正常工作；所述内玻璃板3为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃。所述内玻璃板3的第四表面32上可以根据需要设置或不设置第二遮蔽层。
如图5所示，本发明的夹层玻璃作为后挡风玻璃时，所述透光功能区52安装有相机和/或刹车灯6。d1为10mm～50mm，d2为10mm～35mm，d3为3mm～10mm。
当所述透光功能区52安装有相机时，所述外玻璃板1为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃或可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃；此可见光透过率可以保证相机光路穿透外玻璃板1，保证相机的正常工作。
当所述透光功能区52安装有刹车灯时，所述外玻璃板1为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～40％的灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率40％～65％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
所述热塑性中间层2的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB、可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB或可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB。
所述内玻璃板3为可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率≤25％的深灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
当所述热塑性中间层2为可见光透过率≤70％的着色PVB时，所述内玻璃板3为可见光透过率≥70％的着色玻璃或透明玻璃，优选可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃，更优选可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃。
当所述热塑性中间层2为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB时，所述内玻璃板3为可见光透过率≤70％的着色玻璃，优选可见光透过率25％～50％的灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃；所述内玻璃板3的第四表面32上可以根据需要设置或不设置第二遮蔽层。
实施例1
本实施例提供一具体的夹层玻璃组合，作为带着色区的前挡风玻璃。
夹层玻璃组合：
2.6SG(外玻璃板为2.6mm厚度的太阳绿玻璃)+0.76PVB(0.76mm厚度的带着色区的膜片)+1.1C(内玻璃板，1.1mm的透明玻璃)；第一遮蔽层为油墨。
其中d1＝20mm，d2＝65mm，d3＝10mm，故d＝d1+d2+d3＝95mm，着色区从内玻璃板3的边部开始，到玻璃的可视区B区上边界，该实施例中B区上边界距离外玻璃板边界150mm，则着色区的宽度为150mm–95mm＝55mm。
本实施例的夹层玻璃整体厚度4.46mm，其中，单层玻璃区的厚度为2.6mm，相机或传感器等光学组件被安装在2.6mm的单层玻璃区上，单层玻璃区相对于层叠布置的外玻璃板和内玻璃板，具有更小的光学畸变，能够提高光学组件的成像效果。
相机区(即透光功能区52)和视野区(即非着色的热塑性中间层所对应的区域)的可见光透过率76％～80％，其中，相机区和视野区具有较高的可见光透过率，能够保证光学组件和驾驶员能够更加清晰地接收外部的图像信息，以避免过低的可见光透过率对驾驶员的视野造成遮挡或对光学组件的成像清晰度造成影响。
着色区的可见光透过率5％～30％，其中，着色区具有较低的可见光透过率，可以防止外界刺眼的光线影响驾驶员的正常视野，起到了防止炫光的效果。
实施例2
本实施例提供一具体的夹层玻璃组合，作为带着色区的前挡风玻璃。
夹层玻璃组合：
3.2SG(外玻璃板，3.2mm厚度的太阳绿玻璃)+0.76PVB(0.76mm的厚带着色区的膜片)+1.1C(内玻璃板，1.1mm厚度的透明玻璃)；第一遮蔽层为油墨。
其中，d1＝25mm，d2＝60mm，d3＝15mm，故d＝d1+d2+d3＝100mm，着色区从内玻璃板3的边部开始，到玻璃的可视区B区上边界，该实施例中B区上边界距离外玻璃板边界155mm，则着色区宽度为155mm-100mm＝55mm。
本实施例的夹层玻璃整体厚度5.06mm，其中，单层玻璃区的厚度为3.2mm，相机或传感器等光学组件被安装在3.2mm的单层玻璃区上，单层玻璃区相对于层叠布置的外玻璃板和内玻璃板，具有更小的光学畸变，能够提高光学组件的成像效果。
相机区和视野区域的可见光透过率71％～75％，其中，相机区和视野区具有较高的可见光透过率，能够保证光学组件和驾驶员能够更加清晰地接收外部的图像信息，以避 免过低的可见光透过率对驾驶员的视野造成遮挡或对光学组件的成像清晰度造成影响。
着色区的可见光透过率5％～30％，其中，着色区具有较低的可见光透过率，可以防止外界刺眼的光线影响驾驶员的正常视野，起到了防止炫光的效果。
实施例3
本实施例提供一具体的夹层玻璃，作为带着色区的后挡风玻璃。
玻璃组合：
2.6SG(外玻璃板，2.6mm厚度的太阳绿玻璃)+0.76PVB(0.76mm厚度的普通不带着色的PVB)+1.6深绿(内玻璃板，1.6mm的深绿色玻璃)。
其中，d1＝15mm，d2＝10mm，d3＝5mm，故d＝d1+d2+d3＝30mm。
本实施例的夹层玻璃的整体厚度4.96mm，其中，单层玻璃区的厚度为2.6mm，相机、传感器或刹车灯等光学组件被安装在2.6mm的单层玻璃区上，单层玻璃区相对于层叠布置的外玻璃板和内玻璃板，具有更小的光学畸变，能够提高光学组件的成像效果或刹车灯的灯光透视效果，使后方车辆能够更清晰地看清刹车灯是否亮起。
相机或刹车灯区(透光功能区52)可见光透过率75％～80％，其中，相机或刹车灯区具有较高的可见光透过率，能够保证相机或刹车灯等光学组件能够更加清晰地接收外部的图像信息或向外界发射光学信号，而视野区具有较高的可见光透过率则能够便于驾驶员通过后视镜能够更加清晰地观察后挡风玻璃视野区后方车辆的状况。
其它区域可见光透过率35％～45％，其中，其它区域具有较低的可见光透过率，可以起到防窥和保护驾乘人员隐私的效果。
实施例4
本实施例提供一具体的夹层玻璃，作为带着色区的后挡风玻璃。
玻璃组合：
3.5C(外玻璃板，3.5mm厚度的透明玻璃)+0.76PVB(0.76mm厚度的灰色PVB)+1.1C(内玻璃板，1.1mm厚度的透明玻璃)。
其中，d1＝20mm，d2＝15mm，d3＝8mm，故d＝d1+d2+d3＝43mm。
本实施例的夹层玻璃的整体厚度5.36mm，其中，单层玻璃区的厚度为5.36mm，相机、传感器或刹车灯等光学组件被安装在5.36mm的单层玻璃区上，单层玻璃区相对于层叠布置的外玻璃板和内玻璃板，具有更小的光学畸变，能够提高光学组件的成像效果或刹车灯的灯光透视效果，使后方车辆能够更清晰地看清刹车灯是否亮起。
相机或刹车灯区可见光透过率88％～92％，其中，相机或刹车灯区具有较高的可见光透过率，能够保证相机或刹车灯等光学组件能够更加清晰地接收外部的图像信息或向外界发射光学信号，而视野区具有较高的可见光透过率则能够便于驾驶员通过后视镜能够更加清晰地观察后挡风玻璃视野区后方车辆的状况。
其它区域可见光透过率15～25％，其中，其它区域具有较低的可见光透过率，可以起到防窥和保护驾乘人员隐私的效果。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种具有不同可见光透过率的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述夹层玻璃包括外玻璃板(1)、热塑性中间层(2)和内玻璃板(3)；
    所述外玻璃板(1)具有相对的第一表面(11)和第二表面(12)；所述内玻璃板(3)具有相对的第三表面(31)和第四表面(32)；
    所述热塑性中间层(2)夹设于所述外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(3)之间，用于粘接所述第二表面(12)和第三表面(31)；
    所述外玻璃板(1)的至少部分边部超出所述内玻璃板(3)，超出部分为单层玻璃区(51)，所述单层玻璃区(51)包括至少一个透光功能区(52)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述单层玻璃区(51)除所述透光功能区(52)以外在所述第二表面(12)上设置有第一遮蔽层(41)；
    所述内玻璃板(3)的第三表面(31)和/或第四表面(32)上设置第二遮蔽层(42)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述单层玻璃区(51)除所述透光功能区(52)以外在所述第二表面(12)上设置有第一遮蔽层(41)；
    所述内玻璃板(3)的第三表面(31)和/或第四表面(32)上不设置第二遮蔽层(42)。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一遮蔽层(41)和第二遮蔽层(42)的材料为陶瓷油墨或紫外油墨。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一遮蔽层(41)和第二遮蔽层(42)的可见光透过率≤1.5％，紫外线透过率≤0.05％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述外玻璃板(1)的一侧边部的至少部分超出所述内玻璃板(3)形成所述单层玻璃区(51)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，在所述单层玻璃区(51)，从所述外玻璃板(1)的边缘到内玻璃板(3)的边缘的方向上：
    所述外玻璃板(1)的边缘到内玻璃板(3)的边缘的距离为d，所述外玻璃板(1)的边缘到透光功能区(5)的外边缘的距离为d1，所述透光功能区(5)的外边缘到内边缘的距离为d2，所述透光功能区(5)的内边缘到内玻璃板(3)的边缘的距离为d3；d＝d1+d2+d3。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，d1为10mm～150mm，d2为20mm～150mm，d3为0～50mm。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，d1为20mm～50mm或10 mm～50mm。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，d2为30mm～80mm或10mm～35mm。
  11. 根据权利要求7或8所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，d3为3mm～20mm或3mm～10mm。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述夹层玻璃包括有着色区(7)，所述着色区(7)位于不与所述单层玻璃区(51)重合的区域。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述着色区(7)位于所述热塑性中间层(2)中的部分区域。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述热塑性中间层中的着色区(21)的材料为可见光透过率≤10％的深色PVB或可见光透过率10％～70％的浅色PVB；所述热塑性中间层中的非着色区(22)的材料为可见光透过率≥70％的无色PVB。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述外玻璃板(1)和所述内玻璃板(3)均经过至少500℃的高温弯曲成型处理。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述外玻璃板(1)的厚度≥1.6mm，所述内玻璃板(3)的厚度为0.7mm～2.6mm；且所述外玻璃板的厚度大于内玻璃板的厚度。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述外玻璃板(1)选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述内玻璃板(3)选自可见光透过率85％～93％的透明玻璃、可见光透过率73％～88％的绿色玻璃、可见光透过率70％～85.5％的太阳绿玻璃、可见光透过率25％～50％的浅灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃、可见光透过率≤25％的深灰色玻璃或深绿色玻璃。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述热塑性中间层(2)的厚度为0.3mm～2.3mm。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其特征在于，所述外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(3)均为非钢化的玻璃。
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CN115635746B (zh) 2024-01-19

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