WO2024090806A1 - 음극활물질의 적합성 평가 방법 - Google Patents
음극활물질의 적합성 평가 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024090806A1 WO2024090806A1 PCT/KR2023/014434 KR2023014434W WO2024090806A1 WO 2024090806 A1 WO2024090806 A1 WO 2024090806A1 KR 2023014434 W KR2023014434 W KR 2023014434W WO 2024090806 A1 WO2024090806 A1 WO 2024090806A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- reaction rate
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/2055—Analysing diffraction patterns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/207—Diffractometry using detectors, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
- G01N2223/056—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection diffraction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
- G01N2223/1016—X-ray
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
- G01N2223/302—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features comparative arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
- G01N2223/305—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features computer simulations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
- G01N2223/345—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features mathematical transformations on beams or signals, e.g. Fourier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an evaluation method for evaluating the suitability of a negative electrode active material for secondary batteries and a negative electrode judged to be suitable for the same.
- lithium metal was used as a negative electrode active material in lithium-ion secondary batteries.
- lithium metal when lithium metal is used, there is a risk of explosion due to battery short circuit due to dendrite formation, so it is used instead of lithium metal in terms of charge/discharge cycle life and cost.
- Carbon materials that are advantageous are widely used as negative electrode active materials.
- Such carbon materials include graphite.
- Graphite in a charged state has a structure in which lithium ions are inserted into a layered structure
- graphite in a discharged state has a structure in which lithium ions inserted in a layered structure are desorbed.
- the battery cell in a stable state after the initial activation process maintains a constant concentration of lithium ions in the graphite in a charged state.
- SEI solid electrolyte interphase
- a silicon material containing silicon (Si) along with a carbon material has been mixed with graphite in an appropriate mixing ratio to be used as a negative electrode active material.
- the degree of side reaction that reduces the concentration of lithium ions in graphite varies depending on the mixing ratio and particle shape of the silicon material mixed with the carbon material, which in turn affects the deterioration tendency of the battery.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method that can non-destructively evaluate the material suitability of the negative electrode active material contained within the secondary battery by quantifying the degree of side reactions occurring in the negative electrode in the secondary battery, specifically the negative electrode active layer, and by the said evaluation method.
- the goal is to provide anodes for secondary batteries that have been judged suitable.
- the present invention in one embodiment, the present invention
- a method for evaluating a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery including the step of evaluating the material suitability of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active material layer based on the calculated reaction rate constant.
- reaction rate constant k 1 and the reaction rate constant k -1 may depend on the reaction shown in Scheme 1 below:
- x is an integer from 2 to 10.
- reaction rate constant k 1 for the carbon interlayer compound can be calculated by fitting the intensity integral value of the diffraction peak for the carbon interlayer compound with Equation 1 below:
- c 6 (0) represents the initial concentration of the carbon interlayer compound
- c 6 (t) represents the concentration of carbon intercalation compound at time t
- a and b represent constants with respect to time
- k represents the effective reaction rate constant.
- reaction rate constant k -1 for the decomposition product of the carbon interlayer compound can be calculated by fitting the intensity integral value of the diffraction peak for the decomposition product with Equation 2 below:
- c 12 (0) represents the initial concentration of the decomposition product
- c 12 (t) represents the concentration of decomposition products at time t
- a and b represent constants with respect to time
- k represents the effective reaction rate constant.
- Equations 1 and 2 may be 0 to 1 and 0 to 10, respectively.
- the step of evaluating the material suitability of the negative electrode active material is,
- a step of comparing the calculated equilibrium constant K with the equilibrium constant standard value and secondly determining that the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode active layer is a suitable material may be included if it satisfies a preset value.
- the reference value of the reaction rate constant k 1 and the reference value of the reaction rate constant k -1 may each be 0.1 hour -1 or less.
- the preset value of the equilibrium constant K may be 10 or less.
- the carbon interlayer compound may be a compound in which 5 to 7 moles of carbon atoms are bonded to 1 mole of lithium atoms.
- the carbon interlayer compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of LiC 6 , Li 2 C 12 , Li 3 C 18 , Li 4 C 24 , Li 5 C 30 and Li 6 C 36 .
- the negative electrode may include at least one carbon-based active material selected from graphite, graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, and carbon fiber; And it may include one or more silicon-based active materials among Si, SiC, and SiOx (however, 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5).
- storage of the battery cells can be performed below 150°C.
- the negative electrode active material may have a reaction rate constant k 1 reference value and an equilibrium constant K reference value within a specific range depending on the content of the silicon-based active material.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.1 hour -1 or less;
- the equilibrium constant K reference value may be 10 or less.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.05 hour -1 or less;
- the equilibrium constant K reference value may be 5 or less.
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery which includes a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material as a negative electrode active material, and which includes a negative electrode active material judged to be suitable through the evaluation method according to the present invention described above.
- the negative electrode active material provided in the negative electrode has a reaction rate constant k -1 and an equilibrium constant K in a specific range, so that it can be judged as suitable in the evaluation method of the present invention described above.
- the negative electrode active material when it contains 50% by weight or less of the silicon-based active material based on the total weight, it may have a reaction rate constant k 1 of 0.1 hour -1 or less and an equilibrium constant K of 10 or less.
- the negative electrode active material when it contains 20% by weight or less of the silicon-based active material based on the total weight, it may have a reaction rate constant k 1 of 0.05 hour -1 or less and an equilibrium constant K of 5 or less.
- the evaluation method of the anode active material according to the present invention can determine the material suitability of the anode active material contained inside the secondary battery with high reliability by quantifying the degree of side reactions of the anode active layer that may occur after activation in a non-destructive manner.
- the negative electrode active material determined in this way has the advantage of excellent high-temperature stability and excellent lifespan characteristics when applied as a negative electrode.
- Figures 1 and 2 are graphs fitting the change in concentration ratio (c 6 (t)/c 6 (0)) according to time t of the carbon interlayer compound in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively, performed according to the present invention. am.
- “included as a main ingredient” means 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, based on the total weight of a composition such as slurry or a specific component. It may mean 95% by weight or more or 97.5% by weight or more, and in some cases, it may mean 100% by weight if it constitutes the entire composition or specific component.
- the present invention in one embodiment, the present invention
- a method for evaluating negative electrode active materials for secondary batteries including the step of evaluating the material suitability of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer based on each calculated reaction rate constant.
- the evaluation method of a negative electrode active material for secondary batteries is a method of evaluating the suitability of a negative electrode active material applied to a secondary battery, and includes a “negative electrode active material” having electrochemical activity in the negative electrode and/or a “negative electrode active layer” containing the same as a main component. can be evaluated. Additionally, the “negative electrode active material” may take the form of one or more single materials that induce electrical activity by performing an electrochemical reaction in the negative electrode active layer and/or a composition containing these materials.
- the above evaluation method is characterized by manufacturing a negative electrode including a negative electrode active layer using the negative electrode active material to be evaluated, buffering the manufactured negative electrode, storing it at high temperature, and quantifying the degree to which side reactions occurred. Specifically, the above evaluation method determines the reaction rate constants (k 1 , k -1 , etc. ), equilibrium constant (K), etc., the degree of side reactions in the negative electrode active layer can be quantified, and the negative electrode active material can be evaluated through these. Therefore, the above evaluation method has the advantage of being able to evaluate the material suitability of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode of the battery cell with high reliability in a non-destructive manner.
- the method for evaluating a negative active material for a secondary battery includes the step of measuring X-ray diffraction of a charged and stored battery cell.
- the step of measuring the X-ray diffraction of the battery cell is a step of non-destructively analyzing the negative electrode active layer of the negative electrode provided inside the fully charged battery cell. This can be done by measuring at 24-hour intervals, more specifically at 5-7 hour intervals.
- the X-ray diffraction of the battery cell does not include information about the separator or electrolyte of the non-crystalline electrode assembly, but may include information about the active material of the positive and/or negative electrode that has crystallinity.
- the temperature at which the battery cells are stored may be 150°C or lower, specifically 5°C to 150°C; 10°C to 150°C; 20°C to 150°C; 20°C to 120°C; 25°C to 100°C; 25°C to 80°C; 50°C to 100°C; 50°C to 80°C; 50°C to 70°C; 55°C to 65°C; Or it may be 58°C to 62°C.
- the storage may be performed for 1 to 10 days, more specifically 1 to 9 days; 1 to 7 days; 2 to 6 days; 4 to 8 days; 6 to 8 days; 1 to 5 days; Alternatively, it may be performed for 2 to 4 days.
- the present invention can induce equilibrium between the carbon interlayer compounds contained in the battery cell and their decomposition products by storing the battery cell for the above-described period of time.
- the method for evaluating negative electrode active materials for secondary batteries extracts X-ray diffraction peaks for the carbon interlayer compound and its decomposition products contained in the negative electrode active layer from the measured Includes calculating steps.
- the above step is to extract the X-ray diffraction peak of the carbon interlayer compound in which lithium is inserted and each This can be performed by checking, obtaining the integral of the intensity of each identified peak, and plotting it over time.
- the method for evaluating a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery includes the step of calculating reaction rate constants k 1 and k -1 for the carbon interlayer compound and its decomposition products, respectively, from the calculated intensity integral value.
- reaction rate constants k 1 and k -1 can be obtained by fitting the previously calculated intensity integral values with the following equations 1 and 2, respectively:
- c 6 (0) represents the initial concentration of the carbon interlayer compound
- c 6 (t) represents the concentration of carbon intercalation compound at time t
- c 12 (0) represents the initial concentration of the decomposition product
- c 12 (t) represents the concentration of decomposition products at time t
- a and b represent constants with respect to time
- k represents the effective reaction rate constant.
- Equations 1 and 2 above may quantify the degree of side reactions that may occur in the cathode active layer during the activation process of a charged battery cell, respectively, in terms of the reaction rate for the carbon interlayer compound and its decomposition products.
- the carbon-based active material used as a negative electrode active material for secondary batteries includes graphite, etc., which has a layered structure.
- the carbon-based active material has a carbon interlayer compound form in which lithium ions are inserted into the layered structure when the battery is charged. It has the form of a carbon compound with a structure in which the inserted lithium ions are desorbed during discharge.
- the battery cell in a stable state after the initial activation process maintains a constant concentration of lithium ions in the graphite in the charged state.
- the electrode contains a silicon-based active material as an active material other than the carbon-based active material
- a side reaction may occur in the battery cell that reduces the concentration of lithium ions and/or lithium in the graphite during the initial activation process.
- the carbon interlayer compound Li A state of equilibrium can be achieved.
- lithium is desorbed from the carbon interlayer compound over time under charged conditions. Some of the desorbed lithium participates in side reactions, and a significant amount of the side reactions reduces the concentration of the carbon interlayer compound, causing deterioration of the negative electrode active material.
- the concentration of the carbon interlayer compound may vary depending on the composition of the negative electrode active material, for example, the type and/or content ratio of the silicon-based active material contained together with the carbon-based active material.
- the present invention can quantify the side reactions induced in the negative electrode active layer through changes in the concentration of the carbon interlayer compound according to the composition of the negative electrode active material, and the quantified form is the reaction rate constant for the decomposition product in which the carbon interlayer compound and lithium are separated from the layered structure. It can be:
- x is an integer from 2 to 10.
- the present invention relates to a decomposition reaction of the carbon interlayer compound that occurs in the negative electrode active layer when using and/or storing a fully charged battery cell after initial activation, that is, lithium is desorbed from the carbon interlayer compound. From the amount of decomposition products produced, the change in concentration of carbon interlayer compounds over time can be calculated, which can be expressed as a formula as shown in Equation 3:
- dc 6 /dt represents the differential value of the concentration of the carbon interlayer compound with respect to time t
- k 1 is the rate constant of the forward reaction that produces lithium ions and decomposition products of the carbon interlayer compound in which lithium ions are desorbed from the carbon interlayer compound
- k -1 is the rate constant of the reverse reaction that produces a carbon interlayer compound from the decomposition product of the carbon interlayer compound and lithium ions
- c 12 represents the concentration of decomposition products produced by decomposition of lithium ions in the carbon interlayer compound
- c Li represents the concentration of lithium ions decomposed from the carbon interlayer compound
- c 6 represents the concentration of the carbon interlayer compound.
- Equation 1 can be derived to predict the concentration change according to the reaction rate of the carbon interlayer compound contained in the cathode active layer when storing the buffered battery cell after activation.
- the derived equation 1 represents the reaction rate for the carbon interlayer compound, which is the degree of side reactions that may occur when the active layer of the negative electrode provided in the charged battery cell is used and/or stored after the initial activation process.
- k 1 the lithium desorption reaction rate, is derived from the effective reaction rate constant k for the carbon interlayer compound, and k 1 derived in this way can be used as an indicator to quantify the side reaction occurring in the cathode active layer:
- c 6 (0) represents the initial concentration of the carbon interlayer compound
- c 6 (t) represents the concentration of carbon intercalation compound at time t
- a and b represent constants with respect to time
- k represents the effective reaction rate constant.
- the present invention extracts peaks (or spectra) for carbon interlayer compounds and their decomposition products from X-ray diffraction, then calculates the intensity integral of the extracted peak, and fits the calculated intensity integral with Equation 1 to react
- the rate constant By having a configuration for calculating the rate constant, the diffraction peaks of the carbon interlayer compound are extracted from conventional X-ray diffraction, the integral value for the intensity of the extracted peaks is calculated, and the peak integral value at time t (I LiC6
- the accuracy of the reaction rate constant is significantly higher compared to the case where the reaction rate constant is obtained from the ratio of the initial peak integral value (I LiC6 (0)) to t)).
- Equation 2 can be derived to predict the concentration change according to the reaction rate of the decomposition product contained in the cathode active layer:
- c 12 (0) represents the initial concentration of the decomposition product
- c 12 (t) represents the concentration of decomposition products at time t
- a and b represent constants with respect to time
- k represents the effective reaction rate constant.
- a and b are time constants, where a may be 0 to 1 and b may be 0 to 10. Specifically, a may be 0 to 1, b may be 0 to 10, and more specifically, a may be 0 to 0.9; 0.1 to 0.8; or 0.1 to 0.
- a and b are constants with respect to time, where a may be 0 to 1 and b may be 0 to 10. Specifically, a may be 0 to 1, b may be 0 to 10, and more specifically, a may be 0 to 0.9; 0.1 to 0.8; or may be 0.1 to 0.6, and b is 1 to 9; 2 to 8; Or it may be 4 to 6.
- the negative electrode active layer provided in the battery cell according to the present invention may contain carbon-based active material and silicon-based active material as negative electrode active materials in an amount of 50 to 99% by weight: 1 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material.
- a and b may be 0.05 to 1.0 and 1 to 10, respectively.
- a in Equation 1 may be 0.1 to 0.6, and more specifically 0.1 to 0.5; 0.1 to 0.4; 0.2 to 0.6; 0.2 to 0.5; 0.25 to 0.4; 0.25 to 0.45; 0.3 to 0.42; 0.28 to 0.42; Or it may be 0.31 to 0.39.
- b in Formula 1 may be 2 to 9, and more specifically, 3 to 9; 3 to 7; 4 to 8; 5 to 10; 3 to 8; 1 to 6; 4.5 to 6.0; Or it may be 5.0 to 5.5.
- the a and b may differ depending on the components, content, composition, and stabilization state of the anode active layer in which the side reaction of lithium is performed.
- the components, content, composition, and stabilization state of the anode active layer By controlling a and b within the above-mentioned range, the components, content, composition, and stabilization state of the anode active layer
- the concentration of lithium at which an irreversible reaction has been performed that is, the degree of side reactions in the anode active layer, can be quantified with higher reliability.
- the method for evaluating a negative electrode active material for a secondary battery includes the step of evaluating the material suitability of the negative electrode active material based on the calculated reaction rate constant.
- the above step is a step of determining that a negative electrode active material that induces less side reactions in the negative electrode active layer after the activation process is a material with high material compatibility. This judgment can be performed by evaluating material compatibility based on the previously calculated reaction rate constant.
- the step includes comparing the calculated reaction rate constant k 1 or k -1 with respective reference values and first determining that the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode active layer is a suitable material if the reference value is satisfied; Calculating the equilibrium constant K from the calculated reaction rate constant k 1 or k -1 ; And it may include a step of comparing the calculated equilibrium constant K with the equilibrium constant reference value and secondly determining that the negative electrode active material of the negative electrode active layer is a suitable material if it satisfies a preset value.
- the effective reaction rate constant k 1 for the carbon interlayer compound of Equation 1 and the effective reaction rate constant k -1 for the decomposition product of the carbon interlayer compound of Equation 2 calculated previously are the degree of stabilization of the carbon interlayer compound contained in the cathode active layer;
- Components contained in the negative electrode active layer, especially the negative electrode active material may vary depending on the type and/or content ratio of components other than the carbon-based active material, such as the silicon-based negative electrode active material. That is, k 1 and k -1 may differ depending on the component, content, composition, and stabilization state of the anode active layer in which the irreversible reaction of lithium is performed.
- reaction rate constants k 1 and/or k -1 are investigated for each composition of the anode active material (specifically, the composition and content ratio), and among the investigated values, when the stabilization state of the anode is high, that is, when side reactions are low,
- the reaction rate constant k 1 and/or k -1 is set to the reference value k 1 and/or k -1 of the corresponding negative electrode active material composition. Then, if the reaction rate constants k 1 and k -1 calculated from the The suitability of the active material as a negative electrode material can be primarily determined.
- the reaction rate constant reference value for the carbon interlayer compound (i.e., reference value k 1 ) is a negative electrode active material containing carbon-based active material and silicon-based active material in an amount of 50 to 100% by weight: 0 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material. In this case, it may be less than 0.1 hour -1 . More specifically, the reaction rate constant reference value for the carbon interlayer compound is 0.0001 to 0.005 hour when the carbon-based active material and the silicon-based active material are contained in an amount of 50 to 100% by weight: 0 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material.
- reaction rate constant reference value i.e., reference value k -1
- reference value k -1 the reaction rate constant reference value for the decomposition product of the carbon interlayer compound is 50 to 100% by weight: 0 to 50% by weight of the carbon-based active material and silicon-based active material as the negative electrode active material based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material.
- it may be 0.1 hour -1 or less, more specifically 0.0001 to 0.005 hour -1 ; 0.0001 to 0.001 hour -1 ; 0.0005 to 0.002 hour -1 ; 0.001 to 0.05 hour -1 ; 0.001 to 0.02 hour -1 ; or 0.002 to 0.01 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.1 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.07 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.05 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.03 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.02 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.015 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.009 hour -1 ; 0.01 to 0.015 hour -1 ; 0.025 to 0.04 hour -1 ; Or it may be 0.030 to 0.035 hour -1 .
- the above reference values k 1 and k -1 may be prepared by predicting the value when side reactions are minimal due to high stabilization of the anode through simulation or by actually measuring in advance for each composition of the anode active material, but are not limited thereto. .
- the step of evaluating material suitability may be performed by calculating the equilibrium constant K from the reaction rate constant k 1 and/or k -1 and applying the calculated equilibrium constant K to the secondary judgment.
- the equilibrium constant K can be obtained from the ratio of the reaction rate constants k 1 and k -1 (k 1 /k -1 ), and the reference value of the equilibrium constant K is the ratio of the reference values ⁇ u200b ⁇ u200bof the reaction rate constants k 1 and k -1 It can be obtained from
- the equilibrium constant reference value (i.e., reference value K) may be 10 or less when the negative electrode active material contains carbon-based active material and silicon-based active material in an amount of 50 to 100% by weight: 0 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material. , more specifically 0.1 to 10; 0.1 to 5; 0.1 to 3; 0.5 to 2; 1 to 4.5; 5 to 10; 5.5 to 9; Or it may be 6 to 9.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.005 or less; or less than or equal to 0.001 hour -1 ; and the equilibrium constant K reference value is 1 or less; Or it may be 0.1 or less, and more specifically, the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.0001 to 0.001 hour -1 ; And the equilibrium constant K reference value may be 0.001 to 0.1.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is more than 0.005 and less than 0.05; greater than 0.005 but less than or equal to 0.03; or is greater than 0.001 hour -1 but less than or equal to 0.03 hour -1 ; and the equilibrium constant K standard value is greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 6; greater than 0.1 but less than or equal to 3; greater than 1 but less than or equal to 5; 1 to 6 postlarvae; More than 1 but less than or equal to 3; Alternatively, it may be greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 5, and more specifically, the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.005 to 0.01 hour -1 ; And the equilibrium constant K reference value may be 0.1 to 3.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is more than 0.05 and less than 0.1; greater than 0.03 hour -1 but less than or equal to 0.1 hour -1 ;
- the equilibrium constant K standard value is more than 3 and less than 10; Alternatively, it may be greater than 5 and less than or equal to 10, and more specifically, the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.05 to 0.09 hour -1 ; And the equilibrium constant K reference value may be 6 to 9.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 reference value is 0.05 or less; 0.00001 to 0.05; or 0.00001 to 0.03; and the equilibrium constant K standard value is 5 or less; 0.5 to 5; Or it may be 0.5 to 3.
- the negative electrode for a secondary battery includes a carbon-based active material containing carbon atoms as a main component as a negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based active material is a cathode metal ion that reacts reversibly when charging a battery cell, such as at least one cathode metal ion among Li, Na, Mg, Ca, K, Rb, Cs, and Al. This can be accomplished by inserting it into .
- the carbon interlayer compound may mean a material in which a carbon-based active material and lithium ions (Li + ) are combined
- the carbon-based active material may contain sodium ions (Na + ) or it may mean a material in which aluminum ions (Al 3+ ) are combined.
- the carbon-based active material may be applied without particular limitation as long as it is commonly used as a negative electrode active material in the art, but specifically, graphite, graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, and carbon fiber. It may contain one or more carbon-based active materials.
- the carbon interlayer compound may insert one or more metal ions among Li, Na, Mg, Ca, and Al contained in the positive electrode into the interlayer structure of the carbon-based active material at a constant mole fraction when charging the battery cell.
- a carbon interlayer compound in which lithium is inserted into the interlayer structure of the carbon-based active material may be combined at a ratio of 5 to 7 moles of carbon atoms per mole of lithium atoms. Can be combined at a ratio of 5.5 to 6.5 moles of carbon atoms per mole of lithium atoms.
- the carbon interlayer compound may include at least one selected from the group consisting of LiC 6 , Li 2 C 12 , Li 3 C 18 , Li 4 C 24 , Li 5 C 30 and Li 6 C 36 and the above materials may be expressed as Li 2x C 12x (however, 2 ⁇ x ⁇ 10).
- the carbon interlayer compound may be bonded at a mole fraction of 5 to 7 carbon atoms per mole of sodium atoms, and specifically, bonded at a mole fraction of 5.5 to 6.5 carbon atoms per mole of sodium atoms. It can be.
- the carbon interlayer compound may include one or more selected from the group consisting of NaC 6 , Na 2 C 12 , Na 3 C 18 , Na 4 C 24 , Na 5 C 30 , and Na 6 C 36. and the above substances may be expressed as Na 2x C 12x (however, 2 ⁇ x ⁇ 10).
- the active layer of the negative electrode may further include a silicon-based active material as a negative electrode active material.
- silicon-based active materials include one or more silicon materials among Si, SiC, and SiO x (however, 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5).
- the silicon material may contain 0 to 50 mole parts of one or more metals among Li, Na, Mg, and Ca based on 100 mole parts of silicon (Si) contained in the silicon material.
- the silicon-based active material may be in the form of a composite in which the silicon material is coated with carbon or combined.
- the silicon-based active material may be a material in which Si and SiO 2 are uniformly mixed.
- the silicon-based active material may be a material doped with SiO
- the silicon-based active material may be an alloy compound containing 20 to 40 mole parts of Al in SiO there is.
- the silicon-based active material may be a composite in which Si is coated with carbon (i.e., Si/C composite).
- the silicon-based active material may have a certain content ratio with the carbon-based active material, which is the main component of the negative electrode active material.
- the silicon-based active material may be included in an amount of 0 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material, and the balance may include a carbon-based active material.
- the silicon-based active material is 0 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material; 5-10% by weight; 10-20% by weight; 10-15% by weight; 15-20% by weight; 20-50% by weight; 20-40% by weight; 20-30% by weight; Alternatively, it may be included at 30 to 50% by weight.
- a negative electrode active material evaluation system to which the above-described negative electrode active material evaluation method for secondary batteries is applied is provided.
- the negative electrode active material evaluation system applies the negative electrode active material evaluation method mentioned above and can evaluate the material suitability of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode of the battery cell in a non-destructive manner with high reliability.
- the evaluation system includes a chamber into which a fully charged battery cell is inserted; An input unit provided outside the chamber and inputting the type and content ratio of the negative electrode active material contained in the battery cell inserted into the chamber; An X-ray diffraction detection unit mounted in the chamber to radiate X-rays to the battery cells and detect the X-rays diffracted from the battery cells; It is electrically connected to the X-ray diffraction detection unit to extract the X-ray diffraction peak for the carbon interlayer compound and/or its decomposition product from the and may include a control unit that calculates the reaction rate constant k 1 for the carbon interlayer compound and/or the reaction rate constant k -1 for its decomposition product from the calculated intensity integral value.
- control unit includes a database that stores the reaction rate constant reference value for the carbon interlayer compound and the reaction rate constant reference value for its decomposition product according to the type and content ratio of the negative electrode active material, and the type and content of the negative electrode active material input from the input unit.
- control unit can additionally calculate the equilibrium constant K from the calculated reaction rate constant k 1 for the carbon interlayer compound and/or reaction rate constant k -1 for its decomposition product, and the calculated equilibrium constant K is the reaction rate constant
- the material suitability results evaluated using the reaction rate constant can be further verified by comparing with the equilibrium constant reference value obtained from the reference value.
- the negative active material evaluation system for secondary batteries has the above-described configuration and can evaluate the material suitability of the negative active material contained inside the battery cell with high accuracy in a non-destructive manner.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery containing a negative electrode active material that has been judged suitable through the evaluation method of the negative electrode active material for a secondary battery described above.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention has a structure in which the negative electrode active layer is located on the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode mixture layer is calculated by fitting the intensity integral value of the X-ray diffraction peak for the carbon interlayer compound and its decomposition product during X-ray diffraction.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 and the equilibrium constant K for the carbon interlayer compound may have values of 0.1 hour -1 or less and 10 or less, respectively, and accordingly, the evaluation method of the present invention described above can be judged as suitable.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 and the equilibrium constant K can be calculated through the same procedure as the evaluation method of the negative electrode active material according to the present invention after obtaining the X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer includes a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material
- the reaction rate constant for the carbon interlayer compound is calculated through X-ray diffraction analysis depending on the content and/or content ratio of the silicon-based active material.
- k 1 and the equilibrium constant K may be different.
- the negative electrode active layer may have different X-ray diffraction analysis results depending on the composition (e.g., components and content) of the negative electrode active material, the form of the negative electrode active material, the combination of components other than the negative electrode active material, the conditions for forming the negative electrode active layer, etc., and accordingly, Peaks corresponding to carbon interlayer compounds and their decomposition products present in the cathode active layer may vary.
- the present invention provides that when the negative electrode active layer includes a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material, the reaction rate constant k 1 and the equilibrium constant K for the carbon interlayer compound are within a specific range depending on the content and/or content ratio of the silicon-based active material. It is characterized by
- the reaction rate constant k 1 for the carbon interlayer compound is 0.1 hour -1 It may be less than or equal to 0.0001 to 0.005 hour -1 ; 0.0001 to 0.001 hour -1 ; 0.0005 to 0.002 hour -1 ; 0.001 to 0.05 hour -1 ; 0.001 to 0.02 hour -1 ; 0.002 to 0.01 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.1 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.07 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.05 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.03 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.02 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.015 hour -1 ; 0.005 to 0.009 hour -1 ; 0.01 to 0.015 hour -1 ; 0.025 to 0.04 hour -1 ; Or it may be 0.030 to
- the equilibrium constant K may be 10 or less, and more specifically, 0.1 to 10; 0.1 to 5; 0.1 to 3; 0.5 to 2; 1 to 4.5; 5 to 10; 5.5 to 9; Or it may be 6 to 9.
- the negative electrode active material contains 10% by weight or less of a silicon-based active material based on the total weight, 0.005 or less; or a reaction rate constant k 1 of 0.001 or less and 1 or less; Alternatively, it may have an equilibrium constant K of 0.1 or less.
- the amount is more than 0.005 and less than 0.05; greater than 0.005 but less than or equal to 0.03; or a reaction rate constant k 1 greater than 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.03 and greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 6; greater than 0.1 but less than or equal to 3; greater than 1 but less than or equal to 5; More than 1 but less than or equal to 6; More than 1 but less than or equal to 3; Alternatively, it may have an equilibrium constant K of more than 0.1 and less than or equal to 5.
- the negative electrode active material contains more than 20% by weight and less than 50% by weight of the silicon-based active material based on the total weight, more than 0.05 and less than 0.1; or a reaction rate constant k greater than 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.1, but greater than 1 and 3 and less than or equal to 10; Alternatively, it may have an equilibrium constant K greater than 5 and less than or equal to 10.
- the negative electrode active material contains a silicon-based active material in an amount of more than 0% by weight and 20% by weight or less, the amount is 0.05 or less; 0.00001 to 0.05; or a reaction rate constant k 1 of 0.00001 to 0.03 and less than or equal to 5; 0.5 to 5; Alternatively, it may have an equilibrium constant K of 0.5 to 3.
- the negative electrode active layer can be manufactured by applying, drying, and pressing a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material and a binder that helps bind the negative electrode active materials on a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material includes a negative electrode active material that has been judged to be suitable in the evaluation method of the present invention
- the negative electrode provided with this material has the advantage of excellent high temperature stability because side reactions in the negative electrode active layer are significantly lower when stored at high temperature in a buffered state.
- the negative electrode active material includes a carbon-based active material containing carbon atoms as a main component, and the carbon-based active material may be applied without particular limitation as long as it is commonly used as a negative electrode active material in the art, but specifically, graphite, graphene, It may include one or more carbon-based active materials selected from graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, and carbon fiber.
- the negative electrode active material may further include a silicon-based active material along with a carbon-based active material.
- the silicon-based active material may include one or more silicon materials among Si, SiC, and SiO x (however, 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5). At this time, the silicon material may contain 0 to 50 mole parts of one or more metals among Li, Na, Mg, and Ca based on 100 mole parts of silicon (Si) contained in the silicon material. Additionally, the silicon-based active material may be in the form of a composite in which the silicon material is coated with carbon or combined.
- the silicon-based active material may be a material in which Si and SiO 2 are uniformly mixed.
- the silicon-based active material may be a material doped with SiO
- the silicon-based active material may be an alloy compound containing 20 to 40 mole parts of Al in SiO there is.
- the silicon-based active material may be a composite in which Si is coated with carbon (i.e., Si/C composite).
- the silicon-based active material may have a certain content ratio with the carbon-based active material, which is the main component of the negative electrode active material.
- the silicon-based active material may be included in an amount of 0 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material, and the balance may include a carbon-based active material.
- the silicon-based active material is 0 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material; 5-10% by weight; 10-20% by weight; 10-15% by weight; 15-20% by weight; 20-50% by weight; 20-40% by weight; 20-30% by weight; Alternatively, it may be included at 30 to 50% by weight.
- the negative electrode for secondary batteries according to the present invention not only has excellent lifespan characteristics by having the above-described structure, but also has the advantage of excellent high temperature stability because side reactions in the negative electrode active layer are significantly low when stored at high temperatures.
- a negative electrode active material was prepared by mixing natural graphite, a carbon-based active material, and silicon particles (SiO, purity: >99.8%), a silicon-based active material. At this time, the content of silicon particles (i.e., silicon-based active material) in the negative electrode active material was equal to the total negative electrode active material. It was adjusted as shown in Table 1 based on weight.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by mixing 3 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder and 0.5 parts by weight of an additive with 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- additive A and additive B were used as the additives in the examples and comparative examples, respectively.
- the prepared negative electrode slurry was coated and dried on one side of a copper current collector measuring 10 cm ⁇ 20 cm to form a negative electrode mixture layer (average thickness: 120 ⁇ m). At this time, the temperature of the circulating air was 80°C.
- a negative electrode was manufactured by rolling and drying in a vacuum oven at 130°C for 12 hours.
- N-methylpyrrolidone solvent was injected into a homo mixer, and 2 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material and 2 parts by weight of PVdF as a binder were added to 100 parts by weight of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 as the positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by weighing and adding the mixture and mixing at 3,000 rpm for 60 minutes. The prepared positive electrode slurry was coated and dried on one side of an aluminum current collector measuring 10 cm ⁇ 20 cm to form a positive electrode composite layer (average thickness: 150 ⁇ m). At this time, the temperature of the circulating air was 80°C. Next, a positive electrode was manufactured by rolling and drying in a vacuum oven at 130°C for 12 hours.
- a separator made of porous polyethylene (PE) film (thickness: about 16 ⁇ m) was interposed between the manufactured positive electrode and each previously prepared negative electrode, and E2DVC was injected as an electrolyte to produce a pouch cell in the form of a full cell. .
- PE polyethylene
- E2DVC is a type of carbonate-based electrolyte solution, in which lithium hexafluorophosphate ( It refers to a solution mixing LiPF6, 1.0M) and vinyl carbonate (VC, 2% by weight).
- the prepared battery cell was charged at a constant current (CC) at a temperature of 25°C with a current of 0.3C to a voltage of 4.25V, then charged with a constant voltage (CV) at a current of 0.05C, and then constant current (CC) up to 2.5V with a current of 0.3C. CC) discharge was performed. The above process was performed a total of three times. Afterwards, the discharged battery cell was buffered to 100% SOC at 4.25V.
- CC constant current
- CV constant voltage
- CC constant current
- each charged battery cell was fixed to a jig inside a high-temperature chamber for pouch cell transmission X-ray diffraction, and the X-ray diffraction was aligned to the position of the current collector peak through a 2 ⁇ scan on the X-ray diffraction stage.
- the standard of the sample was adjusted so that the diffraction peaks for copper and aluminum, which are current collectors, matched the positions on the database, and in the adjusted state, the temperature of the oven was set to 60°C to induce a high temperature environment. When the temperature inside the oven reached 60°C, the X-ray diffraction of the pouch cell was measured, and then the X-ray diffraction of the pouch cell was measured at 6-hour intervals.
- the diffraction peaks of the carbon interlayer compound (specifically, LiC 6 ) are extracted from the measured It was fitted as the ratio (c 6 (t)/c 6 (0)) of the initial concentration (c 6 (0)) of the carbon interlayer compound to the concentration (c 6 (t)) of the carbon interlayer compound at t.
- a in Equation 1 was 0.36 ⁇ 0.06, and b was adjusted to 5.3 ⁇ 2.0.
- the reaction rate constant k 1 of the carbon interlayer compound was calculated from the fitted results, and the results are shown in Figures 1 and 2 and Table 1.
- the concentration ratio (c 6 (t)/c 6 (0)) calculated from the X-ray diffraction results is indicated by dots over time, and the graph according to Equation 1 is indicated by a line:
- c 6 (0) represents the initial concentration of the carbon interlayer compound
- c 6 (t) represents the concentration of carbon intercalation compound at time t
- a and b represent constants with respect to time
- k is the effective reaction rate constant.
- the suitability of the anode active material was initially judged by comparing the calculated reaction rate constant k 1 with the reaction rate constant reference value. At this time, the reference value was applied as shown in Table 2 below according to the content of silicon monoxide (SiO), a silicon-based active material.
- Silicon-based active material content range Reference value k 1 (unit: hour -1 ) 10% by weight or less 0.1 or less More than 10% by weight but less than 20% by weight Above 0.001 but below 0.03 More than 20% by weight but less than 50% by weight Above 0.03 but below 0.1
- the equilibrium constant K was calculated as shown in Table 3 below using the reaction rate constant k 1 calculated in each of the Examples and Comparative Examples, and the suitability of the negative electrode active material was secondarily determined by comparing the obtained equilibrium constant K with the equilibrium constant reference value. Judgment was made.
- the reference value K was applied as shown in Table 4 below according to the content of silicon monoxide (SiO), a silicon-based active material.
- Silicon-based active material content range Reference value K 10% by weight or less 0.1 or less More than 10% by weight but less than 20% by weight More than 0.1 but less than or equal to 5 More than 20% by weight but less than 50% by weight More than 5 but less than 10
- the negative electrode active material applied to the battery cells of Examples 1 to 3 had an equilibrium constant K that satisfied the standard value and was evaluated as “suitable” as a negative electrode material for lithium secondary batteries.
- the equilibrium constant value of the negative electrode active material applied to the battery cell of Comparative Example 1 did not meet the standard value.
- the fact that the negative electrode active material of Comparative Example 1 does not meet the standard value means that a side reaction that reduces the concentration of lithium ions in the graphite may occur during the charging and discharging process after activation, which may result in a strong tendency for the battery to deteriorate. Therefore, the negative electrode active material applied to the battery cell of Comparative Example 1 was evaluated as “unsuitable” as a negative electrode material for lithium secondary batteries.
- the battery cells of the examples that were judged to be suitable as a negative electrode material for lithium secondary batteries according to the present invention showed a high capacity retention rate of about 92% or more even after charging and discharging 100 times, but were judged to be unsuitable as a negative electrode material. It was confirmed that the battery cell of the comparative example that received the charge had a low capacity maintenance rate of less than about 87% after being charged and discharged 100 times.
- the method for determining the negative electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries according to the present invention can determine the deterioration tendency of the negative electrode active material with high reliability by quantifying the degree of side reactions in the negative electrode active layer that may occur after activation. It can be seen that the cathode that was judged suitable has excellent lifespan characteristics and high temperature stability.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 규소계 활물질 함량 | 반응속도 상수 k1 (단위: hour-1) | |
| 실시예 1 | 5 중량% | 0.000517±0.00005 |
| 실시예 2 | 15 중량% | 0.0107±0.0005 |
| 실시예 3 | 40 중량% | 0.0694±0.0005 |
| 비교예 1 | 15 중량% | 0.0234±0.0005 |
| 규소계 활물질 함량 범위 | 기준값 k1 (단위: hour-1) |
| 10 중량% 이하 | 0.1 이하 |
| 10 중량% 초과 20 중량% 이하 | 0.001 초과 0.03 이하 |
| 20 중량% 초과 50 중량% 이하 | 0.03 초과 0.1 이하 |
| 평형상수 K | |
| 실시예 1 | 0.0438±0.005 |
| 실시예 2 | 1.14±0.1 |
| 실시예 3 | 6.7±0.1 |
| 비교예 1 | 5.1±0.1 |
| 규소계 활물질 함량 범위 | 기준값 K |
| 10 중량% 이하 | 0.1 이하 |
| 10 중량% 초과 20 중량% 이하 | 0.1 초과 5 이하 |
| 20 중량% 초과 50 중량% 이하 | 5 초과 10 이하 |
| 100회 충방전 후 용량 유지율 | |
| 실시예 2 | 약 92.5% |
| 비교예 1 | 약 86.7% |
Claims (17)
- 충전되어 저장된 전지셀의 X선 회절을 측정하는 단계;측정된 X선 회절로부터 음극의 음극활성층에 함유된 탄소층간 화합물 및 이의 분해물에 대한 X선 회절피크를 각각 추출하고, 추출된 회절피크의 강도 적분값을 산출하는 단계;산출된 강도 적분값으로부터 탄소층간 화합물에 대한 반응속도 상수 k1 또는 탄소층간 화합물의 분해물에 대한 반응속도 상수 k-1을 산출하는 단계; 및산출된 반응속도 상수를 기반으로 음극활성층에 함유된 음극활물질의 소재 적합성을 평가하는 단계를 포함하는 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제3항 또는 제4항에 있어서,식 1 및 식 2의 a 및 b는 각각 0 내지 1; 및 0 내지 10인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,음극활물질의 소재 적합성을 평가하는 단계는,산출된 반응속도 상수 k1 또는 k-1를 각각의 기준값과 비교하여 기준값을 만족하는 경우 음극활성층의 음극활물질을 적합소재로 1차 판단하는 단계;산출된 반응속도 상수 k1 또는 k-1로부터 평형상수 K를 산출하는 단계; 및산출된 평형상수 K를 평형상수 기준값과 비교하여 기설정된 값을 만족하는 경우 음극활성층의 음극활물질을 적합소재로 2차 판단하는 단계를 포함하는 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,반응속도 상수 k1의 기준값 및 반응속도 상수 k-1의 기준값은 각각 0.1 hour-1 이하인 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,평형상수 K의 기설정값은 10 이하인 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,탄소층간 화합물는 리튬 원자 1몰에 대하여 탄소 원자 5 내지 7몰의 분율로 결합된 화합물인 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,탄소층간 화합물는 LiC6, Li2C12, Li3C18, Li4C24, Li5C30 및 Li6C36으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,저장은 150℃ 이하에서 수행되는 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,음극은,흑연, 그래핀, 그라파이트, 탄소나노튜브, 카본 블랙, 아세틸렌 블랙, 케첸 블랙 및 탄소 섬유 중 1종 이상의 탄소계 활물질; 및Si, SiC 및 SiOx (단, 0.8≤x≤2.5) 중 1종 이상의 규소계 활물질을 포함하는 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,음극활물질 전체 중량 기준 규소계 활물질을 50 중량% 이하로 포함하는 경우,반응속도 상수 k1 기준값은 0.1 hour-1 이하이고; 및평형상수 K 기준값은 10 이하인 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,음극활물질 전체 중량 기준 규소계 활물질을 20 중량% 이하로 포함하는 경우,반응속도 상수 k1 기준값은 0.05 hour-1 이하이고; 및평형상수 K 기준값은 5 이하인 이차전지용 음극활물질의 평가방법.
- 음극활물질로서 탄소계 활물질 및 규소계 활물질을 포함하고,제1항에 따른 평가방법을 통해 적합 판정을 받은 음극활물질을 포함하는 이차전지용 음극.
- 제15항에 있어서,음극활물질은 전체 중량 기준 규소계 활물질을 50 중량% 이하로 포함하는 경우, 0.1 hour-1 이하의 반응속도 상수 k1와 10 이하의 평형상수 K를 갖는 이차전지용 음극.
- 제15항에 있어서,음극활물질 전체 중량 기준 규소계 활물질을 20 중량% 이하로 포함하는 경우,반응속도 상수 k1 기준값은 0.05 hour-1 이하이고; 및평형상수 K 기준값은 5 이하인 이차전지용 음극.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/714,434 US12613202B2 (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-21 | Method for evaluating suitability of negative electrode active material |
| EP23882913.9A EP4414697B1 (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-21 | Method for evaluating suitability of negative electrode active material |
| CN202380014654.7A CN118265907A (zh) | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-21 | 用于评价负极活性材料的适合性的方法 |
| JP2024531136A JP7722783B2 (ja) | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-21 | 負極活物質の適合性評価方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020220137191A KR20240057001A (ko) | 2022-10-24 | 2022-10-24 | 음극활물질의 적합성 평가 방법 |
| KR10-2022-0137191 | 2022-10-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024090806A1 true WO2024090806A1 (ko) | 2024-05-02 |
Family
ID=90831332
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2023/014434 Ceased WO2024090806A1 (ko) | 2022-10-24 | 2023-09-21 | 음극활물질의 적합성 평가 방법 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12613202B2 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP4414697B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP7722783B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20240057001A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN118265907A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024090806A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119688535B (zh) * | 2024-12-18 | 2025-09-05 | 华中科技大学 | 一种锂离子电池活性颗粒的反应速率常数测量方法 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009127901A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-22 | High Power Lithium S.A. | Lithium metal phosphate/carbon nanocomposites as cathode active materials for secondary lithium batteries |
| KR20130098089A (ko) | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-04 | 한국과학기술원 | 인터루킨-6와 결합할 수 있는 신규한 폴리펩타이드 |
| KR20160037947A (ko) * | 2013-07-24 | 2016-04-06 | 스미토모 긴조쿠 고잔 가부시키가이샤 | 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질과 그의 제조 방법, 및 비수 전해질 이차 전지 |
| US20160123906A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for Determining the Lithiation of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| JP6264299B2 (ja) | 2012-12-17 | 2018-01-24 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材及びその評価方法 |
| KR20200124513A (ko) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-11-03 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20210146521A (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-06 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지의 퇴화 원인 진단 방법 |
| KR20220137191A (ko) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-12 | 호금옥 | 진열장 보안관리용 안전개폐 시스템 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6264299U (ko) | 1985-10-07 | 1987-04-21 | ||
| CN1328805C (zh) * | 2004-04-05 | 2007-07-25 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 用于二次锂电池的负极活性材料和用途 |
| JP5915083B2 (ja) | 2011-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池の評価方法 |
| JP2013098089A (ja) | 2011-11-02 | 2013-05-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法および負極活物質の評価方法 |
| WO2017119171A1 (ja) | 2016-01-06 | 2017-07-13 | ソニー株式会社 | 非水系二次電池、並びに、非水系二次電池用の正極活物質及びその製造方法 |
| JP2017139089A (ja) | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-10 | 日本電気株式会社 | 二次電池評価方法、二次電池評価装置および二次電池評価プログラム |
| CN111551572B (zh) | 2020-05-21 | 2023-02-03 | 安徽科达新材料有限公司 | 一种快速评估石墨材料在电池中的循环性能的方法 |
| JP7749337B2 (ja) | 2020-05-28 | 2025-10-06 | グループ14・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | 被覆複合粒子 |
| JP7471203B2 (ja) | 2020-11-20 | 2024-04-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用電極 |
| WO2022113500A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材料および非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP7412372B2 (ja) * | 2021-02-15 | 2024-01-12 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質及びその製造方法並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP7457671B2 (ja) * | 2021-05-13 | 2024-03-28 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 負極活物質及びその製造方法 |
| CN117223129A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2023-12-12 | 住友橡胶工业株式会社 | 硫系活性物质、电极、锂离子二次电池以及它们的制造方法 |
| EP4199147A4 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2024-11-20 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Anode active material for lithium secondary battery, anode for lithium secondary battery, comprising same, and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
-
2022
- 2022-10-24 KR KR1020220137191A patent/KR20240057001A/ko active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 EP EP23882913.9A patent/EP4414697B1/en active Active
- 2023-09-21 WO PCT/KR2023/014434 patent/WO2024090806A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-21 JP JP2024531136A patent/JP7722783B2/ja active Active
- 2023-09-21 CN CN202380014654.7A patent/CN118265907A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-21 US US18/714,434 patent/US12613202B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009127901A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-22 | High Power Lithium S.A. | Lithium metal phosphate/carbon nanocomposites as cathode active materials for secondary lithium batteries |
| KR20130098089A (ko) | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-04 | 한국과학기술원 | 인터루킨-6와 결합할 수 있는 신규한 폴리펩타이드 |
| JP6264299B2 (ja) | 2012-12-17 | 2018-01-24 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材及びその評価方法 |
| KR20160037947A (ko) * | 2013-07-24 | 2016-04-06 | 스미토모 긴조쿠 고잔 가부시키가이샤 | 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 정극 활물질과 그의 제조 방법, 및 비수 전해질 이차 전지 |
| US20160123906A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for Determining the Lithiation of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes |
| KR20200124513A (ko) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-11-03 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20210146521A (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-06 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지의 퇴화 원인 진단 방법 |
| KR20220137191A (ko) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-12 | 호금옥 | 진열장 보안관리용 안전개폐 시스템 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4414697A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024542551A (ja) | 2024-11-15 |
| KR20240057001A (ko) | 2024-05-02 |
| EP4414697A1 (en) | 2024-08-14 |
| US20250020602A1 (en) | 2025-01-16 |
| EP4414697B1 (en) | 2026-04-01 |
| US12613202B2 (en) | 2026-04-28 |
| EP4414697A4 (en) | 2025-04-16 |
| JP7722783B2 (ja) | 2025-08-13 |
| CN118265907A (zh) | 2024-06-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2019112107A1 (ko) | 실리콘나이트라이드 음극재 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
| WO2017111542A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 음극활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 음극 | |
| WO2019013501A1 (ko) | 비수전해액 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2022139516A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 양극재, 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| WO2020235968A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 전해질 첨가제, 이의 제조방법, 상기 첨가제를 포함하는 전해질 조성물 및 이차전지 | |
| WO2021118144A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이차전지 | |
| WO2022092831A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2023090665A1 (ko) | 신규한 비수계 전해액용 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2019164164A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2021015535A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2024085440A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
| WO2024090806A1 (ko) | 음극활물질의 적합성 평가 방법 | |
| WO2020022777A1 (ko) | 고분자 전해질 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| WO2024085439A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
| WO2023177074A1 (ko) | 신규한 비수계 전해액용 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2023090664A1 (ko) | 신규한 비수계 전해액용 첨가제 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2019039903A2 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2019108019A1 (ko) | 젤 폴리머 전해질용 조성물, 이로부터 제조되는 젤 폴리머 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| WO2021261886A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| WO2024043740A1 (ko) | 고체 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 | |
| WO2020036444A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극의 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조한 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 | |
| WO2023059039A1 (ko) | 전극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지, 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
| WO2024054035A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
| WO2023177078A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2023113373A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023882913 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023882913 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240508 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202380014654.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2024531136 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202417041626 Country of ref document: IN Ref document number: 18714434 Country of ref document: US |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23882913 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2023882913 Country of ref document: EP |









