WO2024094165A1 - 靶向b7h3的通用型car-t细胞及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

靶向b7h3的通用型car-t细胞及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2024094165A1
WO2024094165A1 PCT/CN2023/129566 CN2023129566W WO2024094165A1 WO 2024094165 A1 WO2024094165 A1 WO 2024094165A1 CN 2023129566 W CN2023129566 W CN 2023129566W WO 2024094165 A1 WO2024094165 A1 WO 2024094165A1
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seq
hla
cells
immune effector
gene
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French (fr)
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尚小云
蒋海娟
马少文
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T Maximum Pharmaceutical Suzhou Co Ltd
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T Maximum Pharmaceutical Suzhou Co Ltd
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Priority to EP23885090.3A priority Critical patent/EP4620978A1/en
Priority to KR1020257017903A priority patent/KR20250099721A/ko
Priority to JP2025526274A priority patent/JP2025538155A/ja
Priority to AU2023371839A priority patent/AU2023371839A1/en
Publication of WO2024094165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024094165A1/zh
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    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gene knockout strategies, molecular biology and immunotherapy, and specifically to a universal B7H3 UCAR-T cell based on base editing, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Glioblastoma accounts for 15% of all brain tumors and can originate from ordinary brain cells or develop from low-grade astrocytomas.
  • the average survival period after diagnosis is 12 to 15 months, and only 3% to 7% of patients survive for more than five years. Without treatment, the average survival period is 3 months. About 3 people per 100,000 people develop glioblastoma each year. It is the most common brain-originated cancer and the second most common brain tumor after meningioma.
  • CAR-T cell technology is a cell-based treatment method that has produced excellent results in tumor immunotherapy, especially in the treatment of hematological tumors.
  • CAR-T immunotherapy uses genetically modified T cells to specifically recognize and kill tumor cells expressing specific antigens without being affected by MHC restriction.
  • CAR-T immunotherapy has achieved good results in the treatment of various B-cell malignancies, such as CAR-T cells targeting CD19 for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
  • ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • CLL chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
  • NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • B7-H3 also known as CD276, belongs to the B7 family of immunomodulatory proteins and is a type I membrane protein with an extracellular domain sequence similar to other B7 family members.
  • the B7-H3 gene is located on human chromosome 15. The gene consists of ten exons, of which exons 4 to 7 encode the extracellular IgV-IgC domain.
  • B7-H3 mRNA is expressed in a variety of normal tissues and some tumor cell lines, but is undetectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but B7-H3 expression can be induced on dendritic cells and monocytes by inflammatory cytokines (IFN ⁇ ) and PMA and ionomycin combinations.
  • IFN ⁇ inflammatory cytokines
  • B7-H3 mRNA Although B7-H3 mRNA is widely expressed in normal tissues, B7-H3 protein expression levels are extremely low or absent in normal tissues, indicating that B7-H3 protein expression is subject to strict post-transcriptional regulation. In contrast, B7-H3 protein is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognosis, higher tumor grade and tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and low overall survival.
  • B7-H3 The differential expression of B7-H3 between tumors and healthy tissues makes it very suitable as a therapeutic target, because the side effects caused by targeting this antigen are very limited.
  • the results of preclinical studies have shown that inhibiting or reducing the expression of B7-H3 protein in tumor cells can reduce cell proliferation and glycolysis, and increase the drug sensitivity of tumor cells.
  • B7-H3 CAR-T cells exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in vivo and could inhibit the growth of multiple xenograft models (including osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma).
  • Universal CAR T cells are T cells isolated from healthy donors.
  • the prepared CAR-T cells not only have high expansion efficiency and strong vitality, but also have improved infection positivity.
  • universal CAR-T also faces the problems of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and immune rejection.
  • GVHD graft-versus-host disease
  • the CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most commonly used gene editing method, which can be used to produce TCR-deficient and HLA class I molecule-deficient T cells, reducing the immune rejection immune response caused by allogeneic cell therapy.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to prepare a universal CAR-T cell targeting the dual epitopes of the B7H3 protein, which can recognize tumor cell surface antigens while knocking out the TCR and HLA-A genes expressed by the cells, thereby reducing the immune rejection reaction caused by allogeneic CAR-T therapy, prolonging cell survival time, and improving the anti-tumor effect.
  • the present application provides a separated B7H3 binding polypeptide, which comprises a first heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-1) targeting B7H3 and a second heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-2), wherein the VHH-1 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:5; and/or the VHH-2 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:4, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • VHH-1 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:5
  • the VHH-2 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:4, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the VHH-1 and/or VHH-2 comprise a human antibody, a humanized antibody or a chimeric antibody.
  • the VHH-1 and VHH-2 are directly connected or connected through a linker.
  • the B7H3-binding polypeptide comprises, in order: i) VHH-1-linker-VHH-2; or ii) VHH-2-linker-VHH-1.
  • the linker comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • VHH-1 comprises:
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:8
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17;
  • the VHH-1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:19.
  • VHH-2 comprises
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:9
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16;
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:10
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the VHH-2 comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:21.
  • the B7H3 binding polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26 and SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the present application provides an immunoconjugate comprising the B7H3-binding polypeptide described herein.
  • the present application provides a chimeric antigen receptor, which comprises an extracellular antigen binding domain targeting B7H3, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain and an intracellular signal transduction domain, wherein the extracellular antigen binding domain includes at least two VHHs that bind to different epitopes of B7H3.
  • the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises two VHHs that bind to different epitopes of B7H3.
  • the present application provides a chimeric antigen receptor, which comprises an extracellular antigen binding domain targeting B7H3, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain and an intracellular signal transduction domain, wherein the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises the B7H3 binding polypeptide described in the present application.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises a transmembrane domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD8A, CD8B, CD28, CD3 ⁇ (CD3e), 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, PD-1, TRAC, TRBC, CD3 ⁇ , CTLA-4, LAG-3, CD5, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, 2B4 (CD244), Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, CD30, GITR, HVEM, DAP10, CD2, NKG2C, LIGHT, DAP12, CD40L (CD154), TIM1, CD226, DR3, CD45, CD80, CD86, CD9, CD16, CD22, CD33, CD37, CD64, and SLAM.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises a transmembrane domain derived from CD8A.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:62 to SEQ ID NO:110.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:62.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises a protein derived from one or more of the following groups: Intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domains of multiple proteins: CD28, CD137, CD27, CD2, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, OX40, CD226, DR3, SLAM, CDS, ICAM-1, NKG2D, NKG2C, B7-H3, 2B4, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, HVEM, DAP10, DAP12, CD30, CD40, CD40L, TIM1, PD-1, LFA-1, LIGHT, JAML, CD244, CD100, ICOS, CD40, and MyD88.
  • Intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domains of multiple proteins CD28, CD137, CD27, CD2, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, OX40, CD226, DR3, SLAM, CDS, ICAM-1, NKG2D, NKG2C, B7-H3, 2B4, F
  • the intracellular costimulatory signaling domain is derived from the costimulatory signaling domain of 4-1BB.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:111 to SEQ ID NO:143.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:112.
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises an intracellular signaling domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the following group: CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD79a, CD79b, FceRI ⁇ , FceRI ⁇ , Fc ⁇ RIIa, bovine leukemia virus gp30, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP2A, simian immunodeficiency virus PBj14 Nef, DAP10, DAP-12 and a domain comprising at least one ITAM.
  • EBV Epstein-Barr virus
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises a signaling domain derived from CD3 ⁇ .
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:131, SEQ ID NO:132, SEQ ID NO:144 to SEQ ID NO:154.
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:144.
  • the hinge region includes a hinge region between the extracellular antigen binding domain and the transmembrane domain, wherein the hinge region comprises a hinge region derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, IgG1, IgG4, IgD, 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, CD8A, PD-1, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, NKG2C, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, DAP10, TIM1, SLAM, CD30, and LIGHT.
  • the hinge region comprises a hinge region derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, IgG1, IgG4, IgD, 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, CD8A, PD-1, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, NKG2C, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, DAP10, TIM1, SLAM, CD30, and LIGHT.
  • the hinge region comprises a hinge region derived from CD8A.
  • the hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:155 to SEQ ID NO:176.
  • the hinge region comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:163.
  • the non-targeting portion of the chimeric antigen receptor comprises the hinge region of CD8A, the transmembrane domain of the CD8A molecule, the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain of 4-1BB, and the intracellular signaling domain of CD3 ⁇ .
  • the non-targeting portion of the chimeric antigen receptor comprises the amino acids set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27. sequence.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor further comprises a signal peptide fragment, and the C-terminus of the signal peptide fragment is connected to the N-terminus of the extracellular antigen binding domain.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor comprises, in sequence, a signal peptide fragment, an extracellular antigen binding domain, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain, and an intracellular signal transduction domain.
  • the signal peptide fragment comprises a CD8A signal peptide fragment.
  • the signal peptide fragment comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:28.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:33 to SEQ ID NO:36.
  • the present application provides one or more isolated polypeptides comprising the chimeric antigen receptor described herein and an enhancer capable of enhancing one or more activities of immune effector cells.
  • the enhancer comprises a cytokine and/or a cytokine receptor.
  • the enhancer is a membrane-bound cytokine and/or cytokine receptor.
  • the enhancer is selected from IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, their receptors, their functional variants and combinations thereof.
  • the enhancer comprises IL-15 or a functional variant thereof, or a chimeric cytokine receptor comprising an IL-15 receptor (IL-15R).
  • IL-15R IL-15 receptor
  • the enhancer comprises membrane chimeric IL-15 (mIL-15).
  • the enhancer comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:46 or SEQ ID NO:54.
  • it comprises i) the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:33 to SEQ ID NO:36; and ii) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:46 or SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer are located in different polypeptides.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer are located in the same polypeptide.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer can be directly linked or indirectly linked.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer are connected via a linker.
  • the polypeptide may comprise the following structures: i) a chimeric antigen receptor, a linker and an enhancer; or ii) an enhancer, a linker and a chimeric antigen receptor.
  • the linker comprises a self-cleaving peptide.
  • the self-cleaving peptide comprises P2A, F2A, E2A or T2A.
  • the T2A comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:241 or SEQ ID NO:243.
  • the present application provides one or more isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding the B7H3 binding polypeptide described herein, the chimeric antigen receptor described herein, or the polypeptide described herein.
  • the present application provides one or more isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising a first nucleotide sequence encoding the chimeric antigen receptor described herein, and a second nucleotide sequence encoding an enhancer capable of enhancing one or more activities of immune effector cells.
  • the enhancer comprises a cytokine and/or a cytokine receptor.
  • the enhancer is a membrane-bound cytokine and/or cytokine receptor.
  • the enhancer is selected from IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, their receptors, their functional variants and combinations thereof.
  • the enhancer comprises IL-15 or a functional variant thereof, or a chimeric cytokine receptor comprising an IL-15 receptor (IL-15R).
  • IL-15R IL-15 receptor
  • the enhancer comprises membrane chimeric IL-15 (mIL-15).
  • the enhancer comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:46 or SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the nucleic acid molecule comprises i) a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:33 to SEQ ID NO:36; and ii) an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:47 or SEQ ID NO:55.
  • the first nucleotide sequence and the second nucleotide sequence are located in different nucleic acid molecules.
  • the first nucleotide sequence and the second nucleotide sequence are located in the same nucleic acid molecule.
  • the first nucleotide sequence is directly linked to the second nucleotide sequence.
  • the first nucleotide sequence is indirectly linked to the second nucleotide sequence.
  • the first nucleotide sequence and the second nucleotide sequence are connected by a spacer sequence.
  • the spacer sequence comprises an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) or encodes a self-cleaving polypeptide.
  • IRS internal ribosome entry site
  • the spacer sequence encodes a viral self-cleaving polypeptide.
  • the spacer sequence encodes a viral self-cleaving 2A polypeptide (2A).
  • the viral self-cleaving 2A polypeptide comprises a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (F2A) peptide, an equine rhinitis virus (ERAV) (E2A) peptide, a Thoseaasigna virus (TaV) (T2A) peptide, a porcine teschovirus-1 (PTV-1) (P2A) peptide, a Theilerian virus 2A peptide, or an encephalomyocarditis virus 2A peptide.
  • FMDV foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • E2A equine rhinitis virus
  • TaV Thoseaasigna virus
  • PTV-1 porcine teschovirus-1
  • the spacer sequence comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding T2A.
  • the spacer sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:43.
  • the IRES is selected from at least one of the following: poliomyelitis IRES, rhinovirus IRES, encephalomyocarditis virus IRES (EMCV-IRES), picornavirus IRES, foot-and-mouth disease virus IRES (FMDV-IRES), oropharyngeal virus IRES, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus IRES (KSHV-IRES), hepatitis A IRES, hepatitis C IRES, classical swine fever virus IRES, pestivirus IRES, bovine viral diarrhea virus IRES, Freund's murine leukemia IRES, Moloney murine leukemia IRES (MM-IRES).
  • poliomyelitis IRES rhinovirus IRES
  • EMCV-IRES encephalomyocarditis virus IRES
  • picornavirus IRES picornavirus IRES
  • FMDV-IRES foot-and-mouth disease virus IRES
  • oropharyngeal virus IRES Kaposi's s
  • IRES Rous sarcoma virus IRES, human immunodeficiency virus IRES (HIV-IRES), Columbus enterovirus IRES, dicistrovirus IRES, cricket paralysis virus IRES, triatomine bug virus IRES, graminearum aphid virus IRES, Marek's disease virus IRES, fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1 IRES and FGF-2 IRES), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF/c-sis IRES), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF IRES) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-II IRES).
  • FGF-1 IRES and FGF-2 IRES fibroblast growth factor
  • PDGF/c-sis IRES platelet-derived growth factor B
  • VEGF IRES vascular endothelial growth factor
  • IGF-II IRES insulin-like growth factor 2
  • the nucleic acid molecule comprises, in sequence: i) a first nucleotide sequence, a spacer sequence and a second nucleotide sequence; or ii) a second nucleotide sequence, a spacer sequence and a first nucleotide sequence.
  • the nucleic acid molecule comprises, in sequence: a nucleotide sequence encoding the CAR described in the present application, a spacer sequence, and a nucleotide sequence encoding an enhancer.
  • the nucleic acid molecule comprises the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:240 or SEQ ID NO:242.
  • the present application provides a vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule described in the present application.
  • the vector is an expression vector.
  • the vector is selected from a DNA vector, an RNA vector, a plasmid, a lentiviral vector, an adenoviral vector, an adeno-associated viral vector and a retroviral vector.
  • the present application provides a cell, which comprises the isolated nucleic acid molecule or the vector described in the present application; and/or expresses the B7H3-binding polypeptide or chimeric antigen receptor described in the present application.
  • the present application provides an immune effector cell, which comprises the isolated nucleic acid molecule described in the present application or the vector described in the present application; and/or expresses the chimeric antigen receptor or polypeptide described in the present application.
  • the present application provides an immune effector cell comprising a chimeric antigen receptor targeting B7H3 and a membrane embedded Combined IL15 molecule (mIL15).
  • the extracellular antigen binding domain of the chimeric antigen receptor comprises at least two VHHs that bind to different epitopes of B7H3.
  • the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises two VHHs that bind to different epitopes of B7H3.
  • the mIL15 comprises an amino acid sequence as described in SEQ ID NO:46 or SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the immune effector cell comprises a chimeric antigen receptor described herein.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:29 to SEQ ID NO:36.
  • the immune effector cells comprise human cells.
  • the immune effector cells include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • NK cells natural killer cells
  • macrophages include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the immune effector cells include autologous or non-autologous immune effector cells.
  • the immune effector cells include modified immune effector cells.
  • the modified immune effector cells include cells that reduce immune rejection reactions caused by allogeneic cell therapy.
  • TCR T cell antigen receptor
  • MHCI major histocompatibility complex
  • the modification comprises down-regulation of the expression and/or activity of one or more genes associated with immune rejection.
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC, TRBC, HLA-A, HLA-B, B2M and CIITA.
  • the expression and/or activity of TRAC gene and HLA-A gene in the modified immune effector cells are downregulated compared to corresponding unmodified cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding cells that have not been modified.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding cells that have not been modified.
  • the modified immune effector cells have a TRAC
  • the expression and/or activity of genes and HLA-A genes are downregulated.
  • the expression and/or activity of TRAC gene, HLA-A gene and HLA-B gene in the modified immune effector cells are downregulated compared to the corresponding unmodified cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the down-regulation of the expression level and/or activity of the gene comprises down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene; and/or down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the protein product encoded by the gene.
  • the modification comprises: gene knockout, gene mutation and/or gene silencing.
  • the modification comprises knocking out either one of the two TRAC alleles and knocking out either one of the two HLA-A alleles in the immune effector cells.
  • the modification comprises that both TRAC alleles are knocked out and either one of the two HLA-A alleles is knocked out in the immune cell.
  • the modification includes that an exon of a TRAC gene is knocked out and an exon of a HLA-A gene is knocked out in the immune cell.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells one or more substances selected from the group consisting of antisense RNA, siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the modification comprises administering a CRISPR/Cas9 system to the immune effector cell.
  • the modification further comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the TRAC gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the TRAC gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:177 to SEQ ID NO:191.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-A gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-A gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:192 to SEQ ID NO:232.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-B gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-B gene comprises SEQ ID The nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:237 to SEQ ID NO:239.
  • the modification further comprises administering a Cas enzyme to the cell.
  • the Cas enzyme comprises a Cas9 protein.
  • the antisense RNA comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:233 to SEQ ID NO:236.
  • the immune effector cells are HLA-B homozygous cells.
  • the HLA-B homozygotes include HLA-B*40 homozygotes, HLA-B*15 homozygotes, HLA-B*46 homozygotes, HLA-B*13 homozygotes, HLA-B*51 homozygotes, HLA-B*58 homozygotes, HLA-B*07 homozygotes, HLA-B*35 homozygotes, HLA-B*44 homozygotes, HLA-B*52 homozygotes, HLA-B*57 homozygotes, HLA-B*54 homozygotes, and HLA-B*55 homozygotes.
  • the immune effector cells are HLA-A homozygous or heterozygous cells.
  • the HLA-A homozygote or heterozygote includes HLA-A*02 homozygote, HLA-A*11 homozygote, HLA-A*02/A*11 heterozygote or HLA-A*24 homozygote.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing immune effector cells, which comprises introducing the nucleic acid molecule described in the present application or the vector described in the present application into the immune effector cells.
  • the method further comprises: before/after introducing the nucleic acid molecule described herein or the vector described herein into the immune effector cell, modifying the immune effector cell, wherein the modification comprises downregulating the expression and/or activity of one or more genes related to immune rejection.
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC, TRBC, HLA-A, HLA-B, B2M and CIITA.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene in the immune effector cell is downregulated compared to the expression and/or activity of the corresponding gene in the corresponding cell without the modification.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene is not downregulated compared to the expression and/or activity of the corresponding gene in a corresponding cell without said modification.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene is not downregulated compared to the expression and/or activity of the corresponding gene in a corresponding cell without said modification.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene of the immune effector cell is downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene, HLA-A gene and HLA-B gene of the immune effector cells are downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene is not downregulated compared to a corresponding wild-type cell.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene is not downregulated compared to a corresponding wild-type cell.
  • the down-regulation of the expression level and/or activity of the gene comprises down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene; and/or down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the protein product encoded by the gene.
  • the modification comprises: gene knockout, gene mutation and/or gene silencing.
  • the modification comprises knocking out either one of the two TRAC alleles and knocking out either one of the two HLA-A alleles in the immune effector cells.
  • the modification comprises that both TRAC alleles are knocked out and either one of the two HLA-A alleles is knocked out in the immune cell.
  • the modification includes that TRAC gene exons are knocked out and HLA-A gene exons are knocked out in the immune cells.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells one or more substances selected from the group consisting of antisense RNA, siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the modification comprises administering a CRISPR/Cas9 system to the immune effector cell.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the TRAC gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the TRAC gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:177 to SEQ ID NO:191.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-A gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-A gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:192 to SEQ ID NO:232.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-B gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-B gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:237 to SEQ ID NO:239.
  • the modification further comprises administering a Cas enzyme to the cell.
  • the Cas enzyme comprises a Cas9 protein.
  • the antisense RNA comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:233 to SEQ ID NO:236.
  • the immune effector cells comprise human cells.
  • the immune effector cells include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • NK cells natural killer cells
  • macrophages include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the immune effector cells include autologous or non-autologous immune effector cells.
  • the cell is an HLA-B homozygous or heterozygous cell.
  • the HLA-B homozygotes include HLA-B*40 homozygotes, HLA-B*15 homozygotes, HLA-B*46 homozygotes, HLA-B*13 homozygotes, HLA-B*51 homozygotes, HLA-B*58 homozygotes, HLA-B*07 homozygotes, HLA-B*35 homozygotes, HLA-B*44 homozygotes, HLA-B*52 homozygotes, HLA-B*57 homozygotes, HLA-B*54 homozygotes, and HLA-B*55 homozygotes.
  • the cell is an HLA-A homozygous or heterozygous cell.
  • the HLA-A homozygote or heterozygote includes HLA-A*02 homozygote, HLA-A*11 homozygote, HLA-A*02/A*11 heterozygote or HLA-A*24 homozygote.
  • the present application provides the use of the isolated nucleic acid molecules described in the present application, the vectors described in the present application, the cells described in the present application, or the immune effector cells described in the present application in the preparation of CAR-T cells.
  • the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the B7H3-binding polypeptide described herein, the isolated nucleic acid molecule described herein, the vector described herein, the cell described herein, and/or the immune effector cell described herein, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present application provides the B7H3-binding polypeptide described in the present application, the isolated nucleic acid molecule described in the present application, the vector described in the present application, the cell described in the present application, the immune effector cell described in the present application, and/or the pharmaceutical composition described in the present application, which are used to treat diseases or conditions related to the expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 includes a disease or condition associated with upregulated expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 comprises cancer.
  • the cancer comprises adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, esophageal cancer, glioma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, thymic carcinoma or endometrial cancer.
  • the present application provides a method for preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the B7H3-binding polypeptide described herein, the isolated nucleic acid molecule described herein, the vector described herein, the cell described herein, the immune effector cell described herein, and/or the Please provide the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 includes a disease or condition associated with upregulated expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 comprises cancer.
  • the cancer comprises adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, esophageal cancer, glioma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, thymic carcinoma or endometrial cancer.
  • Figure 1 shows the dual-epitope B7H3 CAR gene lentiviral expression vector of the present application.
  • Figure 2 shows the killing effect of B7H3 UCAR-T cells described in this application on target cells.
  • Figure 3 shows the cytokine secretion detection of B7H3 UCAR-T cells and target cells co-cultured as described in the present application.
  • Figure 4 shows the in vivo anti-tumor effect of the targeted B7H3 CAR-T cells described in this application.
  • Figure 5 shows the in vitro safety of the B7H3 targeted UCAR-T cells described in this application.
  • Figure 6 shows the in vivo half-life detection results of the targeted B7H3 UCAR cells described in this application.
  • Figures 7 to 12 show the results of GVHD and in vivo rejection reactions of TRAC and HLA-A double knockout T cells.
  • FIG13 shows the off-target analysis of TRAC, HLA-A double knockout T cells described in the present application.
  • FIG. 14 shows the chromosome translocation analysis of TRAC, HLA-A double knockout T cells described in the present application.
  • FIG. 15 shows the karyotype analysis of TRAC, HLA-A double knockout T cells described in the present application.
  • FIG. 16 shows the Cas9 residual analysis of TRAC, HLA-A double knockout T cells described in the present application.
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • CAR generally refers to a group of polypeptides, which are generally two in the simplest embodiment, and when in immune effector cells, provide cells with specificity for target cells (usually cancer cells), and generate intracellular signals.
  • CAR includes at least one extracellular antigen binding domain (such as VHH, scFv or part thereof), a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic signaling domain (also referred to herein as "intracellular signaling domain”), which includes a functional signaling domain derived from a stimulatory molecule and/or a co-stimulatory molecule as defined below.
  • the group of polypeptides is in the same polypeptide chain (for example, comprising a chimeric fusion protein). In some embodiments, the group of polypeptides is discontinuous with each other, for example, in different polypeptide chains. In some aspects, the group of polypeptides includes a dimerization switch, which can couple polypeptides to each other in the presence of a dimerization molecule, for example, the antigen binding domain can be coupled to the intracellular signaling domain.
  • the stimulatory molecule of CAR is a ⁇ chain associated with a T cell receptor complex.
  • the cytoplasmic signaling domain comprises a primary signaling domain (e.g., a primary signaling domain of CD3- ⁇ ).
  • the cytoplasmic signaling domain also comprises one or more functional signaling domains derived from at least one costimulatory molecule defined as follows.
  • the costimulatory molecule can be selected from 4-1BB (i.e., CD137), CD27, ICOS and/or CD28.
  • CAR comprises a chimeric fusion protein, which may include an extracellular antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain comprising a functional signaling domain derived from a stimulatory molecule.
  • CAR comprises a chimeric fusion protein, which may include an extracellular antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain, and the intracellular signaling domain comprises a functional signaling domain derived from a costimulatory molecule and a functional signaling domain derived from a stimulatory molecule.
  • CAR includes a chimeric fusion protein, which may include an extracellular antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular signaling domain, and the intracellular signaling domain includes a functional signaling domain derived from one or more costimulatory molecules and a functional signaling domain derived from a stimulatory molecule.
  • CAR includes a chimeric fusion protein, which may include an extracellular antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular signaling domain, and the intracellular signaling domain includes at least two functional signaling domains derived from one or more costimulatory molecules and a functional signaling domain derived from a stimulatory molecule.
  • CAR includes an optional leader sequence on the amino terminus (N-ter) of the CAR fusion protein.
  • CAR is further included in a leader sequence at the N-terminus of the extracellular antigen recognition domain, wherein the leader sequence is optionally removed from the antigen recognition domain (eg, VHH) during cell processing, and CAR is positioned on the cell membrane.
  • antibody is generally used in the broadest sense and specifically covers monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, dimers, multimers, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies), and antibody fragments, as long as they exhibit the desired biological activity (Miller et al (2003) Jour. of Immunology 170: 4854-4861).
  • Antibodies can be The antibody may be murine, human, humanized, chimeric, or derived from another species.
  • a full-length antibody typically refers to an antibody consisting of two “full-length antibody heavy chains” and two “full-length antibody light chains”.
  • a “full-length antibody heavy chain” is generally a polypeptide that consists of an antibody heavy chain variable domain (VH), an antibody constant heavy chain domain 1 (CH1), an antibody hinge region (HR), an antibody heavy chain constant domain 2 (CH2), and an antibody heavy chain constant domain 3 (CH3) in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction, abbreviated as VH-CH1-HR-CH2-CH3; and in the case of antibodies of the IgE subclass, optionally also includes an antibody heavy chain constant domain 4 (CH4).
  • VH antibody heavy chain variable domain
  • CH1 antibody constant heavy chain domain 1
  • HR antibody hinge region
  • CH2 antibody heavy chain constant domain 2
  • CH3 antibody heavy chain constant domain 3
  • a “full-length antibody heavy chain” is a polypeptide consisting of VH, CH1, HR, CH2, and CH3 in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction.
  • a “full-length antibody light chain” is generally a polypeptide consisting of an antibody light chain variable domain (VL) and an antibody light chain constant domain (CL) in the N-terminal to C-terminal direction, abbreviated as VL-CL.
  • the antibody light chain constant domain (CL) may be ⁇ (kappa) or ⁇ (lambda).
  • the two full-length antibody chains are linked together by an inter-polypeptide disulfide bond between the CL domain and the CH1 domain and an inter-polypeptide disulfide bond between the hinge regions of the full-length antibody heavy chains.
  • typical full-length antibodies are natural antibodies such as IgG (e.g., IgG1 and IgG2), IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE).
  • an antigen binding fragment generally refers to a portion of an antibody molecule that contains amino acids responsible for the specific binding between the antibody and the antigen.
  • the portion of the antigen that is specifically recognized and bound by the antibody is called an "epitope" as described above.
  • An antigen binding domain may typically include an antibody light chain variable region (VL) and an antibody heavy chain variable region (VH); however, it does not necessarily include both.
  • VL antibody light chain variable region
  • VH antibody heavy chain variable region
  • a Fd fragment for example, has two VH regions and generally retains some antigen binding function of a complete antigen binding domain.
  • antigen-binding fragments of antibodies include (1) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment having VL, VH, a constant light chain (CL), and a CH1 domain; (2) a F(ab') 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment having two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (3) a Fd fragment having two VH and CH1 domains; (4) an Fv fragment having the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (5) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., "Binding Activities of a Repertoire of Single Immunoglobulin Variable Domains Secreted From Escherichia coli," Nature 341:544-546 (1989), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), which has a VH domain; (6) isolated complementarity determining regions (CDRs); and (7) a single-chain Fv (scFv), e.g., derived from a scFV-library.
  • the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH are encoded by independent genes, they can be joined using recombinant methods by means of a synthetic linker, which enables them to be prepared as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions are paired to form a monovalent molecule (called single-chain Fv (scFv))
  • scFv single-chain Fv
  • VHH refers to the variable antigen-binding domain of a heavy chain antibody from the Camelidae (camel, dromedary, llama, alpaca, etc.) (see Nguyen VK et al., 2000, The EMBO Journal, 19, 921-930; Muyldermans S., 2001, J. Biotechnol., 74, 277-302 and Review Vanlandschoot P. et al., 2011, Antiviral Research 92, 389-407). VHHs may also be referred to as nanobodies (Nanobodies) (Nb) and/or single domain antibodies. These antibody fragments are obtained using conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art, and the function of the fragments is evaluated in the same manner as for intact antibodies.
  • single domain antibody or “VHH” generally refers to a class of antibodies that lack antibody light chains and have only heavy chain variable regions.
  • single domain antibodies can be from Bactrian camels, dromedaries, alpacas, llamas, nurse sharks, white sharks or rays (for example, see Kang Xiaozhen et al., Journal of Biotechnology, 2018, 34 (12): 1974-1984).
  • single domain antibodies can be from alpacas.
  • Single domain antibodies can be composed of heavy chain variable regions (VH).
  • VH heavy chain variable region
  • the term "heavy chain variable region” generally refers to the amino terminal domain of the heavy chain of the antigen binding fragment.
  • the heavy chain variable region can be further divided into hypervariable regions called complementary determining regions (CDRs), which are scattered in more conservative regions called framework regions (FRs).
  • CDRs complementary determining regions
  • FRs framework regions
  • Each heavy chain variable region can be composed of three CDRs and four FR regions, which can be arranged in the following order from the amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3 and FR4.
  • the heavy chain variable region contains a binding domain that interacts with an antigen.
  • CDR complementarity determining region
  • HCDR1 complementarity determining region 1
  • HCDR2 complementarity determining region 2
  • HCDR3 complementarity determining region 3
  • the exact boundaries of these CDRs have been defined differently according to different systems.
  • Kabat Kabat (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1987) and (1991)) provides not only an unambiguous residue numbering system applicable to any variable region of an antigen-binding fragment, but also provides precise residue boundaries that define the three CDRs.
  • CDRs may be referred to as Kabat CDRs. Chothia and colleagues (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987) and Chothia et al., Nature 342:877-883 (1989)) found that despite great diversity at the amino acid sequence level, certain subportions within the Kabat CDRs adopt a Nearly identical peptide main-chain conformations. These subsections are named L1, L2, and L3 or H1, H2, and H3, where "L” and “H” refer to the light and heavy chain regions, respectively. These regions may be referred to as Chothia CDRs, which have boundaries that overlap with Kabat CDRs.
  • FR generally refers to the more highly conserved portion of an antibody variable domain, which is called a framework region.
  • the variable domains of native heavy and light chains can each contain four FR regions, i.e., four in VH (H-FR1, H-FR2, H-FR3, and H-FR4), and four in VL (L-FR1, L-FR2, L-FR3, and L-FR4).
  • Framework region generally refers to the portion of an antibody variable region identified in the art that is present between the more divergent (i.e., hypervariable) CDRs.
  • Framework regions They are typically referred to as Frameworks 1 to 4 (FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4) and provide a scaffold for presenting the six CDRs (three from the heavy chain and three from the light chain) in three dimensional space to form an antigen binding surface.
  • homologous sequences may include amino acid sequences that may be at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 99.1%, 99.2%, 99.3%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8% or 99.9% identical to the subject sequence.
  • a homologue will contain the same active sites, etc. as the subject amino acid sequence.
  • Homology may be considered in terms of similarity (i.e., amino acid residues having similar chemical properties/functions), or may be expressed in terms of sequence identity.
  • a sequence having a percentage identity to any of the SEQ ID NOs of an amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence referred to refers to a sequence having the said percentage identity over the entire length of the SEQ ID NO referred to.
  • sequence identity a sequence alignment may be performed, which may be performed in various ways known to those skilled in the art, for example, using BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, NEEDLE or Megalign (DNASTAR) software, etc.
  • Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve optimal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
  • the term "functional variant” generally refers to an amino acid sequence that has substantially the same function (e.g., can have the properties of the chimeric antigen receptor) and has at least 85% (e.g., at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 100%) sequence identity with the amino acid sequence.
  • the variant of the amino acid sequence is an amino acid sequence that has substantially the same function (e.g., can have the properties of the chimeric antigen receptor) and comprises one or more (e.g., 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10 or more) amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions thereto.
  • the term "specific binding” refers to the interaction between a binding molecule (e.g., an antibody) and its binding partner (e.g., an antigen), and generally refers to the presence of a specific structure (e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope) on the binding partner.
  • a binding molecule e.g., an antibody
  • its binding partner e.g., an antigen
  • a specific structure e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope
  • the binding can be mediated by covalent or non-covalent interactions or a combination of the two.
  • the term “specific binding” generally refers to immunospecific binding to an antigenic determinant or epitope and not immunospecific binding to other antigenic determinants or epitopes.
  • the binding molecule of an immunospecific binding antigen can bind to other peptides or polypeptides with lower affinity, as determined by (e.g.) radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), BIACORE, or other analyses known in the art.
  • the binding molecule or fragment thereof of an immunospecific binding antigen can cross-react with a related antigen with the same epitope. In some cases, the binding molecule or fragment thereof of an immunospecific binding antigen does not cross-react with other antigens.
  • KD is used interchangeably with “KD”, and generally refers to the dissociation equilibrium constant of a specific antibody-antigen interaction, with the unit of M (mol/L).
  • IL-15 is wild-type IL-15.
  • IL-15 is mammalian IL-15 (e.g., human (Homo sapiens) interleukin 15 (IL15), transcript variant 3, mRNA, NCBI reference sequence: NM_000585.4; domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) interleukin 15, mRNA, NCBI reference sequence: NM_001197188.1; domestic cat (Felis catus) interleukin 15 (IL15), mRNA, NCBI reference sequence: NM_001009207.1).
  • mammalian IL-15 is human IL-15.
  • isolated generally refers to a molecule (e.g., an antibody, nucleic acid, etc.) that is at least partially separated from other molecules with which it is normally associated in its natural state.
  • isolated polypeptide is substantially free of other biological molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, cell debris, and growth medium.
  • isolated nucleic acid is at least partially separated from nucleic acids that normally flank the polynucleotide in its natural state.
  • the term "isolated polypeptide” generally refers to any polypeptide containing more than one different polypeptide chain.
  • the isolated polypeptide comprises two polypeptide chains, which respectively comprise a chimeric antigen receptor and an enhancer.
  • the polypeptide chain comprising the chimeric antigen receptor and the polypeptide chain comprising the enhancer can be connected together to form a macromolecular complex of two or more polypeptides by one or more intermolecular bonds (including but not limited to disulfide bonds).
  • the isolated polypeptide may comprise a single polypeptide of two different polypeptide chains (e.g., a chimeric antigen receptor and an enhancer) connected by a polypeptide linker.
  • the polypeptide may physically represent a single chain, but two or more parts of the single chain may function as if they were two independent polypeptide chains.
  • the linker is a cleavable peptide linker (e.g., a 2A peptide), and the chimeric antigen receptor and enhancer on the same peptide chain may be cleaved into two polypeptide chains.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecule generally refers to isolated forms of nucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides or ribonucleotides of any length or their analogs, separated from their natural environment or artificially synthesized.
  • internal ribosome entry site or “IRES” refers to an element that promotes direct entry of internal ribosomes into the start codon of a cistron (protein coding region), such as ATG, resulting in cap-independent translation of the gene. See, for example, Jackson et al., 1990. Trends Biochem Sci 15(12):477-83) and Jackson and Kaminski. 1995. RNA 1(10):985-1000.
  • the vector contemplated by the present invention comprises one or more polynucleotides of interest encoding one or more polypeptides.
  • the polynucleotide sequence It may be interrupted by one or more IRES sequences or a polynucleotide sequence encoding a self-cleaving polypeptide.
  • self-cleaving peptide or “sequence encoding a self-cleaving peptide” generally refers to a linker sequence used to include a site in a vector that promotes ribosome skipping and thereby produces two polypeptides from a single promoter.
  • Such self-cleaving peptides include but are not limited to T2A and P2A peptides or sequences encoding self-cleaving peptides.
  • the term "vector” generally refers to a nucleic acid molecule that can self-replicate in a suitable host, which transfers the inserted nucleic acid molecule into and/or between host cells.
  • the vector may include a vector that is mainly used to insert DNA or RNA into a cell, a vector that is mainly used to replicate DNA or RNA, and a vector that is mainly used to express the transcription and/or translation of DNA or RNA.
  • the vector also includes a vector with a variety of the above functions.
  • the vector may be a polynucleotide that can be transcribed and translated into a polypeptide when introduced into a suitable host cell.
  • the vector can produce a desired expression product by cultivating a suitable host cell that contains the vector.
  • viral vector is used broadly to refer to nucleic acid molecules (e.g., transfer plasmids) or viral particles that mediate nucleic acid transfer, including virally derived nucleic acid elements that generally facilitate transfer or integration of nucleic acid molecules into the genome of a cell.
  • Viral particles typically include various viral components and sometimes host cell components in addition to nucleic acid.
  • a viral vector may refer to a virus or viral particle that is capable of transferring nucleic acid into a cell, or the nucleic acid itself that is transferred.
  • lentivirus generally refers to a group (or genus) of complex retroviruses.
  • exemplary lentiviruses include, but are not limited to: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus; including HIV type 1 and HIV type 2); visna-maedivirus (VMV) virus; caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV); equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV); feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV); bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV); and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
  • HIV human immunodeficiency virus
  • VMV visna-maedivirus
  • CAEV caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus
  • EIAV equine infectious anemia virus
  • FV feline immunodeficiency virus
  • BIV bovine immunodeficiency virus
  • SIV simian immunodeficiency virus
  • an HIV-based vector backbone i.e., HIV cis-acting sequence elements
  • the term "host cell” or “cell” generally refers to an individual cell, cell line or cell culture that may or has contained a vector including the isolated nucleic acid molecule described in the present application, or that can express the isolated antigen-binding fragment described in the present application.
  • the host cell may include the progeny of a single host cell. Due to natural, accidental or deliberate mutations, the progeny cells may not necessarily be completely identical in morphology or genome to the original parent cell, but can express the isolated antigen-binding fragment described in the present application.
  • the host cell can be obtained by transfecting cells in vitro using the vector described in the present application.
  • the host cell can be a prokaryotic cell (e.g., Escherichia coli) or a eukaryotic cell (e.g., a yeast cell, such as a COS cell, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, a HeLa cell, a HEK293 cell, a COS-1 cell, a NS0 cell or a myeloma cell).
  • a prokaryotic cell e.g., Escherichia coli
  • a eukaryotic cell e.g., a yeast cell, such as a COS cell, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, a HeLa cell, a HEK293 cell, a COS-1 cell, a NS0 cell or a myeloma cell.
  • the host cell can be an Escherichia coli cell.
  • the host cell can be a yeast cell.
  • the host cell can be a mammalian cell
  • T cell can be any T cell, such as a cultured T cell, such as a primary T cell, or a T cell from a cultured T cell line, or a T cell obtained from a mammal (preferably a primate, species, including monkeys, dogs or humans). If obtained from a mammal, the T cell can be obtained from many sources, including but not limited to blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus or other tissues or fluids. T cells can also be enriched or transformed. T cells can be obtained by maturing hematopoietic stem cells into T cells in vitro or in vivo. In exemplary aspects, the T cell is a human T cell.
  • the T cell is a T cell isolated from a human.
  • T cells can be any type of T cells, including NKT cells, and can have any developmental stage, including but not limited to CD4+/CD8+ double positive T cells; CDA+ helper T cells; such as Th1 and Th2 cells, CD8+T cells (such as cytotoxic T cells); peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL); tumor infiltrating cells (TIL); memory T cells; untreated T cells, etc.
  • T cells are CD8+T cells or CD4+T cells.
  • T cells are allogeneic (different donors from the same species) to the recipient of the receiving cell or the cell to be received (such as the cell is in the form of a therapeutic composition); in some alternatives, T cells are autologous (donor and recipient are the same); in some alternatives, T cells are syngeneic (donor and recipient are different, but are identical twins).
  • NK cell naturally refers to a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte of the immune system.
  • NK cells provide a rapid response to virus-infected cells and respond to transformed cells.
  • immune cells detect peptides from pathogens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the surface of infected cells, triggering cytokine release, causing lysis or apoptosis.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • NK cells are unique because they have the ability to recognize stressed cells regardless of whether peptides from pathogens are present on MHC molecules.
  • NK cells are large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and are known to differentiate and mature in the bone marrow (where they then enter the circulation).
  • LGL large granular lymphocytes
  • NK cells are mammalian NK cells. Examples of "mammals” or “mammals” include primates (e.g., humans), canines, felines, rodents, pigs, ruminants, etc. Specific examples include humans, dogs, cats, horses, cows, sheep, goats, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice.
  • the mammalian NK cells are human NK cells.
  • immune effector cell generally refers to an immune cell that participates in an immune response and performs an effector function.
  • the effector function may include removing foreign antigens or promoting immune effector responses.
  • Immune effector cells may include plasma cells, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, mast cells, and bone marrow-derived phagocytes.
  • the immune effector cells of the present application can be autologous/autogeneic ("one's own”) or non-autologous ("non-one's own", such as allogeneic, syngeneic or xenogeneic).
  • autologous is generally "Allogeneic” generally refers to cells from the same subject.
  • Allogeneic generally refers to cells of the same species but genetically different from the cells being compared.
  • Isogenic generally refers to cells from a different subject that are genetically identical to the cells being compared.
  • Allogeneic generally refers to cells of a different species than the cells being compared.
  • the cells of the present application are autologous or allogeneic.
  • the term "modification” generally refers to changing the state or structure of a cell and/or a change in the state or structure of a cell.
  • the change is usually compared to the state or structure of a corresponding cell without the modification, and the change may include a change in the expression level or function of an endogenous gene, such as downregulating, upregulating or not expressing the expression level of an endogenous gene in a cell by genetic engineering means, and the genetic engineering means may include homologous recombination, CRISPR/Cas9 system gene editing, etc.;
  • the change may also include a change in the expression, structure or function of a cell protein, such as a change in the expression level or function of a corresponding protein achieved by a change in the expression level or function of the endogenous gene, such as a change in the expression, structure or function of a protein achieved by regulating protein translation or post-translational modification;
  • the change may also include the introduction of exogenous genes, the expression of exogenous proteins, etc.
  • T cell receptor alpha constant T cell receptor alpha constant
  • T cell receptor T cell receptor
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • TCR is usually composed of two different protein chains (i.e., heterodimers).
  • the TCR in most T cells consists of an ⁇ chain and a ⁇ chain (encoded by TRA and TRB, respectively), and this type of T cell is called ⁇ T cells.
  • the TCR In a small number of T cells, the TCR consists of a ⁇ chain and a ⁇ chain (encoded by TRG and TRD, respectively), and this type of T cell is called ⁇ T cells. Normally, ⁇ T cells account for about 95% of the total number of T cells, and ⁇ T cells account for about 5% of the total number of T cells. This ratio changes during individual development and in diseased states (such as leukemia), and also varies between species. Each chain that makes up the TCR contains a variable region and a constant region.
  • the gene encoding the ⁇ chain (TRA, such as the information shown in HGNC:12027) is located on chromosome 14 and is composed of multiple gene segments, including a variable segment (V), a connecting segment (J) and a constant region (C).
  • the TRAC gene usually refers to the gene sequence encoding the constant region (C) of the T cell receptor ⁇ chain (such as the information shown in HGNC:12029), which is located on chromosome 14 (14q11.2; 14: 22,547,505-22,552,131).
  • variable segment (V) genes encoding the N segment antigen recognition domain is rearranged with one of the connecting segments (J) to produce a functional V region exon, which is transcribed and connected to the constant region (C) through splicing to form the T cell receptor ⁇ chain coding sequence.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex antigen
  • HLA human leukocyte antigen
  • HLA class I antigens (A, B, C in humans) allow each cell to be recognized as "self", while HLA class II antigens (DR, DP, and DQ in humans) are involved in the reaction between lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. Both have been implicated in the rejection of transplanted organs.
  • An important aspect of the HLA gene system is its polymorphism. Different alleles exist for each gene, MHC class I (A, B, and C) and MHC class II (DP, DQ, and DR). HLA alleles are represented by numbers and subscripts. For example, two unrelated individuals may carry the class I HLA-B gene B5 and Bw41, respectively. The allele products differ in one or more amino acids in the alpha and/or beta domains.
  • HLA haplotype of an individual using white blood cells expressing class I and class II molecules A large number of specific antibodies or nucleic acid reagents are used to type the HLA haplotype of an individual using white blood cells expressing class I and class II molecules.
  • the genes commonly used for HLA typing are the six MHC class I and class II proteins, namely HLA-A; HLA-B and HLA-DR, each with two alleles.
  • the HLA genes are clustered in a "superlocus" present at chromosome position 6p21, which encodes the six classical transplantation HLA genes and at least 132 protein-coding genes that play an important role in the regulation of the immune system and some other basic molecular and cellular processes.
  • the entire locus roughly measures 3.6Mb, with at least 224 loci.
  • haplotype a group of alleles present on a single chromosome, inherited from one parent, that tend to be inherited as a group.
  • the group of alleles inherited from each parent forms a haplotype, and some alleles tend to associate together. Identifying a patient's haplotype can help predict the probability of finding a matching donor and help develop a search strategy, because some alleles and haplotypes are more common than others, and they are distributed at different frequencies in different races and ethnicities.
  • HLA-A generally refers to a class of human leukocyte antigens polypeptide chains, which are encoded by the HLA-A gene located on human chromosome 6p21.3 (e.g., the information shown in HGNC:4931).
  • HLA-A is one of the three main types of polypeptides that constitute the class I MHC molecules on the surface of human cells, the others including HLA-B and HLA-C.
  • the heterodimer composed of the ⁇ chain encoded by the HLA-A gene and the ⁇ chain ( ⁇ 2-microglobulin) encoded by the B2M gene is the HLA-A class MHC I molecule.
  • the ⁇ chain encoded by the HLA-A gene can include an ⁇ 1 domain, an ⁇ 2 domain, an ⁇ 3 domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region, wherein the ⁇ 1 domain and the ⁇ 2 domain can bind to the peptide segment so that the MHC I molecule (e.g., HLA-A class) presents the peptide segment to the immune system cells.
  • the MHC I molecule e.g., HLA-A class
  • the ⁇ chain of the MHC I molecule is polymorphic, and its primary structure has many variations. As of December 2013, there are 2432 known HLA-A alleles, encoding 1740 active proteins and 117 inactive proteins.
  • HLA-A alleles can include sequence information of different HLA-A alleles named by the WHO HLA Factor Nomenclature Committee included in the IMGT/HLA database version 3.38.0 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/).
  • HLA-B generally refers to a family of genes that are part of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex.
  • HLA is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a family of genes that is present in many species. The genes in this complex are divided into three basic groups: class I, class II, and class III.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • HLA-B gene and two The two related genes, HLA-A and HLA-C are the major genes of MHC class I.
  • the HLA-B gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 6 at cytoband 21.3, from base pairs 31,353,871 to 31,357,211.
  • HLA-B is one of the three major HLAs that should be matched between donor and recipient. These are HLA-A, HLA-B (all MHC class I), and HLA-DR (MHC class II). If the two tissues have the same genes encoding all three HLAs, the likelihood and severity of rejection is minimized.
  • HLA-B27 Hundreds of versions (alleles) of HLA-B are known, and each version is given a specific number (for example, HLA-B27). Closely related alleles are grouped together; for example, at least 28 very similar alleles are subtypes of HLA-B27. These subtypes are designated HLA-B*2701 to HLA-B*2728.
  • HLA-matched refers to a donor-recipient pair in which there is no mismatch in HLA antigens between the donor and the recipient, such as a donor who provides a hematopoietic stem cell transplant to a recipient in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy.
  • HLA-matched i.e., where all 6 alleles are matched
  • donor-recipient pairs have a reduced risk of graft rejection because endogenous T cells and NK cells are less likely to recognize the incoming graft as foreign and, therefore, less likely to generate an immune response against the graft.
  • HLA mismatched refers to a donor-recipient pair in which at least one HLA antigen (particularly for HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR) between the donor and the recipient is mismatched, such as a donor who provides a hematopoietic stem cell transplant to a recipient in need of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy.
  • HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR HLA antigen between the donor and the recipient
  • HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR HLA antigen between the donor and the recipient is mismatched
  • HLA mismatched donor-recipient pairs may have an increased risk of graft rejection relative to HLA matched donor-recipient pairs because, in the case of HLA mismatched donor-recipient pairs, endogenous T cells and NK cells are more likely to recognize the incoming graft as foreign, and such T cells and NK cells are therefore more likely to produce an immune response against the transplant.
  • B2M generally refers to ⁇ 2-microglobulin, which is one of the components of MHC class I molecules.
  • ⁇ 2-microglobulin also called ⁇ chain
  • B2M is usually expressed in all nucleated cells.
  • ⁇ 2-microglobulin is encoded by the B2M gene located at 15q21.1 (e.g., the information shown in HGNC:914).
  • CIITA generally refers to a transactivator of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII).
  • the transactivator may be a protein having an acidic transcriptional activation domain, four LRRs (leucine-rich repeats) and a GTP binding domain.
  • the protein may be located in the nucleus and, as a positive regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) gene transcription, is referred to as the "master control factor” for expressing these genes.
  • the protein may also bind to GTP and utilize binding to GTP to transport itself to the nucleus, where it generally acts in a coactivator-like manner through acetyltransferase (AT) activity.
  • the protein is encoded by a gene located at 16p13.13 (e.g., information shown in HGNC:7067), which is capable of producing several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
  • wild-type cell generally refers to a cell that occurs in nature or is derived from nature.
  • nucleic acid or “polynucleotide” or “nucleic acid molecule” generally refers to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) and polymers thereof in single-stranded or double-stranded form.
  • the term may include nucleic acids containing analogs of natural nucleotides, which have similar binding properties to reference nucleic acids (e.g., sequence information is shown) and are metabolized in a manner similar to naturally occurring nucleotides.
  • sequence of a nucleic acid may include variants thereof modified in a conservative manner, such as degenerate codon substitutions, alleles, orthologs, SNPs, and complementary sequences, as well as sequences explicitly indicated.
  • expression generally refers to the transcription and/or translation of a specific nucleotide sequence.
  • gene mutation generally refers to a change in the base pair composition or arrangement order of a gene structure, such as a point mutation caused by a single base change, or a deletion, duplication, or insertion of multiple bases.
  • gene silencing generally refers to preventing the expression of certain genes through regulatory mechanisms.
  • TGS transcriptional gene silencing
  • PTGS post-transcriptional gene silencing
  • Gene silencing is generally considered to be a gene knockdown mechanism, and methods commonly used for silencing genes can include RNAi, etc.
  • endogenous refers to any substance derived from or produced within an organism, cell, tissue or system.
  • exogenous refers to any substance introduced from outside of an organism, cell, tissue or system or generated outside of it.
  • antisense RNA generally refers to a single-stranded RNA that is complementary to the transcription product mRNA (messenger RNA). Antisense RNA can inhibit gene expression by binding to mRNA. For example, after antisense RNA binds to the target mRNA, it causes the double-stranded RNA molecule to increase its sensitivity to RNase III, causing it to degrade; for example, antisense RNA binds to the upstream non-coding region of mRNA, thereby directly inhibiting the translation of the target mRNA.
  • siRNA generally refers to the abbreviation of Small interfering RNA or short interfering RNA.
  • siRNA is a type of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecule with a length of about 18-28 base pairs, which can interfere with the expression of specific genes by causing the degradation of mRNA through complementary binding with mRNA.
  • siRNA can be a product obtained by treating long double-stranded RNA or shRNA with Dicer enzyme.
  • siRNA enters the cell to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) with other proteins, and the sense strand is degraded. The antisense strand can bind to the complementary targeting sequence, thus achieving gene silencing.
  • RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
  • shRNA generally refers to the abbreviation of short hairpin RNA, that is, “short hairpin RNA”.
  • shRNA generally includes two short inverted repeat sequences separated by a stem-loop sequence in the middle to form a hairpin structure. It can also generally include 5-6 T bases as a transcription terminator for RNA polymerase III.
  • shRNA can enter the cell via a viral vector or plasmid, and be transcribed under the action of polymerase II or polymerase III. The transcription product is exported from the cell nucleus (usually via Exportin 5) and transported to RISC after Dicer processing. The sense strand is degraded, and the antisense strand can bind to the complementary targeting sequence, thereby achieving gene silencing.
  • CRISPR/Cas system generally refers to a group of molecules comprising RNA-guided nucleases or other effector molecules and gRNA molecules, which can guide and enable the modification of nucleic acids at target sequences by RNA-guided nucleases or other effector molecules, such as causing target sequence degradation.
  • the CRISPR system comprises gRNA and Cas proteins, for example, Cas9 proteins.
  • Systems comprising Cas9 or its functional mutants are referred to as “Cas9 systems” or “CRISPR/Cas9 systems” in this application.
  • gRNA molecules and Cas molecules can be compounded to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes.
  • RNP ribonucleoprotein
  • gRNA molecule or "guide RNA”, “guide RNA”, “guide RNA”, “guide RNA molecule”, “gRNA” are used interchangeably and generally refer to a nucleic acid molecule that can promote a specific guide RNA-guided nuclease or other effector molecule (generally complexed with a gRNA molecule) to a target sequence.
  • the guidance is achieved by hybridizing a portion of the gRNA to the DNA (e.g., through a gRNA guide domain) and by binding a portion of the gRNA molecule to an RNA-guided nuclease or other effector molecule (e.g., at least through gRNA tracr).
  • the gRNA molecule consists of a single continuous polynucleotide molecule, referred to herein as a "single guide RNA” or “sgRNA”, etc.
  • the gRNA molecule consists of a plurality of (e.g., two) polynucleotide molecules that can associate (generally by hybridization), referred to herein as a “dual guide RNA” or “dgRNA”, etc.
  • Cas protein generally refers to the enzyme responsible for cutting DNA in the CRISPR/Cas system. It can include enzymes from type I, II, and III CRISPR/Cas systems. For example, Cas3, Cas9, Cas10.
  • Cas9 protein generally refers to an enzyme from a bacterial type II CRISPR/Cas system that is responsible for cutting DNA. Cas9 may include wild-type proteins and functional mutants thereof.
  • locus generally refers to the different variations of a gene sequence at a locus.
  • a locus also called a gene site or locus, is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as where a gene is located.
  • the arrangement of loci in the genome is called a genetic map.
  • homozygous generally refers to individuals with the same genotype for two alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
  • a pair of relative genes can have two genotypes, AA and aa.
  • heterozygote generally refers to a genotype individual with two different alleles at the same locus on homologous chromosomes in a diploid, such as Aa. Heterozygous genotypes are generally more adaptable than homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive genotypes, and this phenomenon is called heterozygous advantage.
  • tumor and cancer are used interchangeably and generally refer to a disease characterized by rapid and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Examples of various cancers are described herein and they include, but are not limited to, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, brain cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, lung cancer, etc.
  • cancer or “tumor” include pre-malignant and malignant cancers and tumors, and also encompass solid tumors and non-solid tumors.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable” generally refers to those compounds, materials, compositions and/or dosage forms that are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio and suitable, within the scope of sound medical judgment, for use in contact with the tissues of humans and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problems or complications.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier generally refers to any of those conventionally used carriers, and is limited only by physical-chemical considerations (such as lack of solubility and reactivity with active binding agents), and is limited by the route of administration.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers described herein, such as vehicles, adjuvants, excipients and diluents are well known to those skilled in the art and are easily available to the public.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a carrier that is chemically inert to the active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, and is a carrier that does not have adverse side effects or toxicity under the conditions of use. In some embodiments, when administered to an animal or human, the carrier does not produce adverse, allergic or other inappropriate reactions.
  • the pharmaceutical composition does not contain pyrogens and other impurities that are harmful to humans or animals.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic agents and absorption delay agents, etc.; its use is well known in the art.
  • Acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients and are preferably inert at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate or other organic acids; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptides; proteins such as serum albumin, gelatin or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as Tween, Pluronics or polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • buffers such as phosphate, citrate or other organic acids
  • antioxidants such as ascorbic acid
  • the term “effective amount” or “effective dose” generally refers to an amount sufficient to achieve or at least partially achieve a desired effect.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” or “therapeutically effective dose” of a drug or therapeutic agent is generally any amount of a drug that, when used alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, promotes regression of a disease (as evidenced by a decrease in the severity of disease symptoms, an increase in the frequency and duration of disease symptom-free periods, or the prevention of impairment or disability caused by suffering from the disease).
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective amount” of anti-B7H3 CAR-T cells is also an amount or dose in which the therapeutic benefits outweigh any toxic or deleterious effects of the anti-B7H3 CAR-T cells, such as CRS.
  • the term “therapeutically effective amount” encompasses an amount that is effective to "treat" a subject (e.g., a patient).
  • the therapeutically effective dose is the minimum effective dose (MED) of anti-B7H3 CAR-T cells for treating multiple myeloma in a subject.
  • the therapeutically effective dose is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of anti-B7H3 CAR-T cells that does not cause unresolved CRS in the subject.
  • MED minimum effective dose
  • MTD maximum tolerated dose
  • the term "about” generally refers to a variation within a range of 0.5%-10% above or below a specified value, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10% above or below a specified value.
  • the term "subject” generally refers to a human or non-human animal, including but not limited to cats, dogs, horses, pigs, cows, sheep, rabbits, mice, rats or monkeys.
  • the present application provides an isolated B7H3 binding polypeptide, which comprises a first heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-1) targeting B7H3 and a second heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-2), wherein the VHH-1 comprises a HCDR1 having an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and a second heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-2) having an amino acid sequence at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: A HCDR2 having an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%,
  • the VHH-2 comprises a HCDR1 having an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a HCDR2 having an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and a HCDR3 having an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the B7H3 binding polypeptide comprises a first heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-1) targeting B7H3 and a second heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-2), wherein the VHH-1 may comprise HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:5; the VHH-2 may comprise HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:4, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • VHH-1 may comprise HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:5
  • the VHH-2 may comprise HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:4, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the VHH-1 comprises a heavy chain framework region 1 (HFR1), a heavy chain framework region 2 (HFR2), a heavy chain framework region 3 (HFR3) and a heavy chain framework region 4 (HFR4), wherein the HFR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the HFR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • the HFR3 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the HFR4 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16.
  • the VHH-2 comprises a heavy chain framework region 1 (HFR1), a heavy chain framework region 2 (HFR2), a heavy chain framework region 3 (HFR3) and a heavy chain framework region 4 (HFR4), wherein the HFR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • HFR1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the HFR2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the HFR3 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 15.
  • the HFR4 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17.
  • the VHH-1 comprises HFR1, HFR2, HFR3 and HFR4, and the HFR1, HFR2, HFR3 and HFR4 can be selected from:
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:8
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the VHH-2 comprises HFR1, HFR2, HFR3 and HFR4, and the HFR1, HFR2, HFR3 and HFR4 can be selected from:
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:9
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16
  • HFR1 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:10
  • HFR2 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12
  • HFR3 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14
  • HFR4 comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17.
  • the VHH-1 comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in EQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • the VHH-1 may comprise an amino acid sequence shown in EQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • the VHH-2 comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 21.
  • the VHH-2 may comprise an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 21.
  • the B7H3 binding polypeptide comprises a first heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-1) and a second heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-2) targeting B7H3, wherein the VHH-1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:19, and/or the VHH-2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:21.
  • VHH-1 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:19
  • VHH-2 comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:21.
  • the VHH-1 and/or VHH-2 comprise a human antibody, a humanized antibody or a chimeric antibody.
  • the VHH-1 and VHH-2 are directly connected or connected through a linker.
  • the B7H3-binding polypeptide comprises, in order: i) VHH-1-linker-VHH-2; or ii) VHH-2-linker-VHH-1.
  • peptide linker or "linker” according to the present invention defines an amino acid sequence through which the amino acid sequences of VHH-1 and VHH-2 of the B7H3-binding polypeptide of the present invention are linked to each other.
  • the essential technical feature of such a peptide linker is that the peptide linker does not contain any polymerization activity.
  • Preferred amino acid residues for the peptide linker are Including Gly, Ser and Thr, characterized in that the length is 5 to 25 amino acid residues.
  • Suitable peptide linkers include those described in U.S. Patents 4,751,180 and 4,935,233 or WO88/09344.
  • the preferred embodiment of the peptide linker is characterized in that the amino acid sequence Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser, i.e. Gly 4 Ser, or its polymer, i.e. (Gly 4 Ser) x, wherein x is an integer 1 or greater.
  • Gly 4 Ser amino acid sequence
  • the characteristics of the peptide linker, including not promoting secondary structure, are known in the art and are described, for example, in Dall'Acqua et al. (Biochem. (1998) 37,9266-9273), Cheadle et al. (MolImmunol (1992) 29,21-30) and Raag and Whitlow (FASEB (1995) 9 (1), 73-80). It is preferred that the peptide linker does not promote any secondary structure.
  • connection of the domain to each other is provided, for example, by genetic engineering.
  • Methods for making fused and operably linked bispecific single chain constructs and expressing them in mammalian cells or bacteria are well known in the art (e.g., WO 99/54440 or Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 2001).
  • the linker comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22.
  • the B7H3 binding polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26, and SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the B7H3 binding polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26 and SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the present application provides a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting B7H3, comprising an extracellular antigen binding domain (targeting moiety), wherein the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises at least two VHHs that bind to different epitopes of B7H3.
  • the extracellular antigen binding domain may comprise two VHHs that bind to different epitopes of B7H3.
  • the extracellular antigen-binding domain comprises the aforementioned B7H3-binding polypeptide.
  • the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises a first heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-1) and a second heavy chain antibody heavy chain variable region (VHH-2), wherein the VHH-1 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:5; and/or the VHH-2 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:4, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • VHH-1 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:3, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:5
  • the VHH-2 comprises HCDR1 as shown in SEQ ID NO:2, HCDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NO:4, and HCDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NO:6.
  • the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises VHH-1 and VHH-2, wherein the VHH-1 may comprise an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:19, and/or the VHH-2 may comprise an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:21.
  • the extracellular antigen-binding domain may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:26 and SEQ ID NO:25.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor further comprises a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain, and an intracellular signal transduction domain.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises a transmembrane domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD8A, CD8B, CD28, CD3 ⁇ (CD3e), 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, PD-1, TRAC, TRBC, CD3 ⁇ , CTLA-4, LAG-3, CD5, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, 2B4 (CD244), Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, CD30, GITR, HVEM, DAP10, CD2, NKG2C, LIGHT, DAP12, CD40L (CD154), TIM1, CD226, DR3, CD45, CD80, CD86, CD9, CD16, CD22, CD33, CD37, CD64, and SLAM.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises a transmembrane domain derived from CD8A.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:62 to SEQ ID NO:110.
  • the transmembrane domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:62.
  • the transmembrane domain may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:62.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, CD137, CD27, CD2, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, OX40, CD226, DR3, SLAM, CDS, ICAM-1, NKG2D, NKG2C, B7-H3, 2B4, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, HVEM, DAP10, DAP12, CD30, CD40, CD40L, TIM1, PD-1, LFA-1, LIGHT, JAML, CD244, CD100, ICOS, CD40, and MyD88.
  • proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, CD137, CD27, CD2, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, OX40, CD226, DR3, SLAM, CDS, ICAM-1, NKG2D, NKG2C, B7-H3, 2B4, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR
  • the intracellular costimulatory signaling domain is derived from the costimulatory signaling domain of 4-1BB.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:111 to SEQ ID NO:143.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:112.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:112.
  • the intracellular signal transduction domain comprises an intracellular signal transduction domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the following group: CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD79a, CD79b, FceRI ⁇ , FceRI ⁇ , Fc ⁇ RIIa, bovine leukemia virus gp30, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP2A, simian immunodeficiency virus PBj14 Nef, DAP10, DAP-12 and a domain comprising at least one ITAM.
  • EBV Epstein-Barr virus
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises a signaling domain derived from CD3 ⁇ .
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:131, SEQ ID NO:132, SEQ ID NO:144 to SEQ ID NO:154.
  • the intracellular signaling domain comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:144.
  • the intracellular signal transduction domain may contain the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:144.
  • the hinge region includes a hinge region between the targeting portion and the transmembrane domain, wherein the hinge region comprises a hinge region derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, IgG1, IgG4, IgD, 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, CD8A, PD-1, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, NKG2C, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, DAP10, TIM1, SLAM, CD30, and LIGHT.
  • CD28 IgG1, IgG4, IgD, 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, CD8A, PD-1, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, NKG2C, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, DAP10, TIM1, SLAM, CD30, and LIGHT.
  • the hinge region comprises a hinge region derived from CD8A.
  • the hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:155 to SEQ ID NO:176.
  • the hinge region comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:155.
  • the hinge region may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:163.
  • the non-targeting portion of the chimeric antigen receptor includes a hinge region, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain and an intracellular signal transduction domain.
  • the non-targeting portion of the chimeric antigen receptor may include a CD8A molecule transmembrane domain, a CD8A hinge region, a 4-1BB intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain, and a CD3 ⁇ intracellular signaling domain.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor uses the B7H3 binding polypeptide of the present application as the extracellular antigen binding domain
  • the hinge region and transmembrane domain of the CD8A molecule are connected to the intracellular signaling domain, which is composed of the 4-1BB intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain and the CD3 ⁇ intracellular signaling domain.
  • the non-targeting portion of the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
  • the non-targeting portion of the chimeric antigen receptor may comprise the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor further comprises a signal peptide fragment, the C-terminus of the signal peptide fragment is connected to the N-terminus of the targeting moiety.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor may include a CAR including a signal peptide, an anti-B7H3 VHH, a CD8A hinge domain, a CD8A transmembrane domain, a 4-1BB costimulatory domain, and a CD3 ⁇ main signaling domain.
  • the signal peptide fragment comprises a CD8A signal peptide fragment.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor, the signal peptide fragment comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • the signal peptide fragment may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor comprises, in sequence, a signal peptide, an extracellular antigen binding domain, a hinge region, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain and an intracellular signal transduction domain, wherein the extracellular antigen binding domain is the B7H3 binding polypeptide described in the present application.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor may comprise a CD8A signal peptide, the B7H3 binding polypeptide of the present application, a CD8A transmembrane domain, a CD8A hinge region, a 4-1BB intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain, and a CD3 ⁇ intracellular signaling domain.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:33 to SEQ ID NO:36.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor may comprise an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:33 to SEQ ID NO:36.
  • the present application provides one or more isolated polypeptides comprising the chimeric antigen receptor described herein and an enhancer capable of enhancing one or more activities of immune effector cells.
  • the enhancer comprises a cytokine and/or a cytokine receptor.
  • the enhancer is a membrane-bound cytokine and/or cytokine receptor.
  • the enhancer is selected from IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, their receptors, their functional variants and combinations thereof.
  • the enhancer comprises IL-15 or a functional variant thereof, or a chimeric cytokine receptor comprising an IL-15 receptor (IL-15R).
  • IL-15R IL-15 receptor
  • the enhancer comprises membrane chimeric IL-15 (mIL-15).
  • the polypeptide may comprise the chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an antigen binding domain and a non-antigen binding domain, wherein the non-antigen binding domain includes the extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and intracellular co-stimulatory domain of CD28 or a functional variant thereof, and the signaling domain of CD3 ⁇ or a functional variant thereof; and membrane chimeric IL-15.
  • the polypeptide may comprise the chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises a B7H3 binding domain and a non-antigen binding domain, wherein the non-antigen binding domain includes the extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and intracellular co-stimulatory domain of CD28 or a functional variant thereof, and the signaling domain of CD3 ⁇ or a functional variant thereof; and membrane chimeric IL-15.
  • the enhancer comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:46 or an amino acid sequence that is at least about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:46.
  • the polypeptide may comprise the chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:54; and an enhancer, wherein the enhancer may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:54.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer are located in different polypeptides.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer are located in the same polypeptide.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer can be directly linked or indirectly linked.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer are connected via a linker.
  • the polypeptide may comprise the following structures: i) a chimeric antigen receptor, a linker and an enhancer; or ii) an enhancer, a linker and a chimeric antigen receptor.
  • the linker comprises a cleavable linker.
  • the linker comprises a self-cleaving peptide.
  • the self-cleaving peptide comprises a self-cleaving amino acid sequence of a 2A peptide, wherein the 2A peptide is from porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A), equine rhinitis A virus (E2A), Thosea asigna virus (T2A), foot-and-mouth disease virus (F2A), or any combination thereof (see, e.g., Kim et al., PLOS One 6: e18556, 2011, the 2A nucleic acid and amino acid sequences are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety).
  • porcine teschovirus-1 P2A
  • E2A equine rhinitis A virus
  • T2A Thosea asigna virus
  • F2A foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • the polypeptide may comprise the chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor comprises an antigen binding domain and a non-antigen binding domain, wherein the non-antigen binding domain includes a hinge region of CD8A, a transmembrane domain of the CD8A molecule, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain of 4-1BB, and an intracellular signaling domain of CD3 ⁇ ; and IL-15 or a functional variant thereof, and the chimeric antigen receptor and the mIL-15 may be connected via T2A.
  • the linker comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:44 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the polypeptide may comprise the chimeric antigen receptor, wherein the chimeric antigen receptor may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:33-36; and an enhancer, wherein the enhancer may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:46 or 54; the chimeric antigen receptor and the enhancer may be connected by a self-cleaving peptide, and the linker may comprise the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:241 or 243, or an amino acid sequence that has at least about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:241 or 243.
  • the present application provides one or more isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding the aforementioned B7H3 binding polypeptide, the aforementioned chimeric antigen receptor, or the aforementioned polypeptide.
  • the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:240 or SEQ ID NO:242.
  • the present application provides a vector comprising the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule.
  • the vector is an expression vector.
  • the vector is selected from a DNA vector, an RNA vector, a plasmid, a lentiviral vector, an adenoviral vector, an adeno-associated viral vector, and a retroviral vector.
  • the vector can be a lentiviral vector.
  • the present application provides a cell, i) comprising the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule or the aforementioned vector; and/or ii) Express the aforementioned B7H3 binding polypeptide or chimeric antigen receptor.
  • the present application provides an immune effector cell, which comprises the aforementioned nucleic acid molecule or the aforementioned vector, and/or expresses the aforementioned CAR.
  • the immune effector cells comprise human cells.
  • the immune effector cells include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the immune effector cells can be T cells.
  • the immune effector cells can be human T cells.
  • the immune effector cells include autologous or non-autologous immune effector cells.
  • the immune effector cells include modified immune effector cells.
  • the modified immune effector cells include cells that reduce immune rejection reactions caused by allogeneic cell therapy.
  • TCR T cell antigen receptor
  • MHCI major histocompatibility complex
  • the modification comprises down-regulation of the expression and/or activity of one or more genes associated with immune rejection.
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC, TRBC, HLA-A, HLA-B, B2M and CIITA.
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC, TRBC, HLA-A and HLA-B.
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC, TRBC and HLA-A.
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC and HLA-A.
  • the expression and/or activity of TRAC gene and HLA-A gene in the modified immune effector cells are downregulated compared to corresponding unmodified cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of TRAC gene, HLA-A gene and HLA-B gene in the modified immune effector cells are downregulated compared to the corresponding unmodified cells.
  • the modified immune effector cells are compared to corresponding cells that have not been modified.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene was not downregulated.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding cells that have not been modified.
  • the expression and/or activity of TRAC gene and HLA-A gene in the modified immune effector cells are downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of TRAC gene, HLA-A gene and HLA-B gene in the modified immune effector cells are downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene in the modified immune effector cells is not downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the down-regulation of the expression level and/or activity of the gene comprises down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene; and/or down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the protein product encoded by the gene.
  • the modification comprises: gene knockout, gene mutation and/or gene silencing.
  • the modification comprises knocking out either one of the two TRAC alleles and knocking out either one of the two HLA-A alleles in the immune effector cells.
  • the modification comprises that both TRAC alleles are knocked out and either one of the two HLA-A alleles is knocked out in the immune cell.
  • the modification includes that TRAC gene exons are knocked out and HLA-A gene exons are knocked out in the immune cells.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells one or more substances selected from the group consisting of antisense RNA, siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the modification comprises administering a CRISPR/Cas9 system to the immune effector cell.
  • the modification further comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the TRAC gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the TRAC gene comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:177 to SEQ ID NO:191.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells a gene targeting the HLA-A gene sgRNA in the exon part.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-A gene comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:192 to SEQ ID NO:232.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-B gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-B gene comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:237 to SEQ ID NO:239.
  • the modification further comprises administering a Cas enzyme to the cell.
  • the Cas enzyme comprises a Cas9 protein.
  • the antisense RNA comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:233 to SEQ ID NO:236.
  • the immune effector cells are HLA-B homozygous or heterozygous cells.
  • the HLA-B homozygotes include HLA-B*40 homozygotes, HLA-B*15 homozygotes, HLA-B*46 homozygotes, HLA-B*13 homozygotes, HLA-B*51 homozygotes, HLA-B*58 homozygotes, HLA-B*07 homozygotes, HLA-B*35 homozygotes, HLA-B*44 homozygotes, HLA-B*52 homozygotes, HLA-B*57 homozygotes, HLA-B*54 homozygotes, and HLA-B*55 homozygotes.
  • the immune effector cells are HLA-A homozygous or heterozygous cells.
  • the HLA-A homozygote or heterozygote includes HLA-A*02 homozygote, HLA-A*11 homozygote, HLA-A*02/A*11 heterozygote or HLA-A*24 homozygote.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing immune effector cells, which comprises introducing the aforementioned nucleic acid molecule or the aforementioned vector into the immune effector cells.
  • the method further comprises: before/after introducing the aforementioned nucleic acid molecule or the aforementioned vector into the immune effector cell, modifying the immune effector cell, wherein the modification comprises downregulating the expression and/or activity of one or more genes related to immune rejection.
  • the method comprises: introducing the aforementioned nucleic acid molecule or the aforementioned After the vector is introduced, the immune effector cells are modified, and the modification includes downregulating the expression and/or activity of one or more genes related to immune rejection.
  • the method for preparing immune effector cells may include:
  • the gene associated with immune rejection is selected from one or more genes in the following group: TRAC, TRBC, HLA-A, HLA-B, B2M and CIITA.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene in the immune effector cell is downregulated compared to the expression and/or activity of the corresponding gene in the corresponding cell without the modification.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene is not downregulated compared to the expression and/or activity of the corresponding gene in a corresponding cell without said modification.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene is not downregulated compared to the expression and/or activity of the corresponding gene in a corresponding cell without said modification.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene of the immune effector cell is downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene is not downregulated compared to a corresponding wild-type cell.
  • the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene is not downregulated compared to a corresponding wild-type cell.
  • the down-regulation of the expression level and/or activity of the gene comprises down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene; and/or down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the protein product encoded by the gene.
  • the modification comprises: gene knockout, gene mutation and/or gene silencing.
  • the modification comprises knocking out either one of the two TRAC alleles and knocking out either one of the two HLA-A alleles in the immune effector cells.
  • the modification comprises that both TRAC alleles are knocked out and either one of the two HLA-A alleles is knocked out in the immune cell.
  • the modification includes that TRAC gene exons are knocked out and HLA-A gene exons are knocked out in the immune cells.
  • the modification includes that TRAC gene exons are knocked out, HLA-A gene exons are knocked out, and HLA-B gene exons are knocked out in the immune cells.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells one or more selected from the group consisting of Substances: antisense RNA, siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the modification comprises administering a CRISPR/Cas9 system to the immune effector cell.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the TRAC gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the TRAC gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:177 to SEQ ID NO:191.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-A gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-A gene comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:192 to SEQ ID NO:232.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-B gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-B gene comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:237 to SEQ ID NO:239.
  • the modification further comprises administering a Cas enzyme to the cell.
  • the Cas enzyme comprises a Cas9 protein.
  • the antisense RNA comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 99.5% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:233 to SEQ ID NO:236.
  • the immune effector cells comprise human cells.
  • the immune effector cells include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the immune effector cells can be T cells.
  • the immune effector cells include autologous or non-autologous immune effector cells.
  • the cell is an HLA-B homozygous or heterozygous cell.
  • the HLA-B homozygotes include HLA-B*40 homozygotes, HLA-B*15 homozygotes, HLA-B*46 homozygous, HLA-B*13 homozygous, HLA-B*51 homozygous, HLA-B*58 homozygous, HLA-B*07 homozygous, HLA-B*35 homozygous, HLA-B*44 homozygous, HLA-B*52 homozygous, HLA-B*57 homozygous, HLA-B*54 homozygous, HLA-B*55 homozygous.
  • the cell is an HLA-A homozygous or heterozygous cell.
  • the HLA-A homozygote or heterozygote includes HLA-A*02 homozygote, HLA-A*11 homozygote, HLA-A*02/A*11 heterozygote or HLA-A*24 homozygote.
  • the method for preparing immune effector cells may include:
  • CD3-negative T cell sorting Add CD3 magnetic beads according to the proportion and collect CD3-T cells (cells not bound by magnetic beads).
  • the present application provides the use of the aforementioned chimeric antigen receptor, the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule, the aforementioned vector, the aforementioned cell, or the aforementioned immune effector cell in the preparation of CAR-T cells.
  • the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising the aforementioned B7H3 binding polypeptide, the aforementioned chimeric antigen receptor, the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule, the aforementioned vector, the aforementioned cell, and/or the aforementioned immune effector cell, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may include: a buffer, such as neutral buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, etc.; a sugar, such as glucose, mannose, sucrose or dextran, mannitol; a protein; a polypeptide or an amino acid such as glycine; an antioxidant; a chelating agent, such as EDTA or glutathione; an adjuvant (e.g., aluminum hydroxide); and a preservative.
  • a buffer such as neutral buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, etc.
  • a sugar such as glucose, mannose, sucrose or dextran, mannitol
  • a protein such as a polypeptide or an amino acid such as glycine
  • an antioxidant such as EDTA or glutathione
  • an adjuvant e.g., aluminum hydroxide
  • a preservative e.g., aluminum hydroxide
  • the pharmaceutical composition includes the aforementioned immune effector cells and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present application provides the aforementioned B7H3 binding polypeptide, the aforementioned antigen chimeric receptor, the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule, the aforementioned vector, the aforementioned cell, the aforementioned immune effector cell, and/or the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition, which are used to treat diseases or conditions related to the expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 includes a disease or condition associated with upregulated expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 comprises cancer.
  • the cancer comprises adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, esophageal cancer, glioma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, thymic carcinoma or endometrial cancer.
  • the present application provides the use of the aforementioned B7H3 binding polypeptide, the aforementioned antigen chimeric receptor, the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule, the aforementioned vector, the aforementioned cell, the aforementioned immune effector cell, and/or the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition in the preparation of a drug for treating a disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 includes a disease or condition associated with upregulated expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 comprises cancer.
  • the cancer comprises adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, esophageal cancer, glioma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, thymic carcinoma or endometrial cancer.
  • the present application provides a method for preventing or treating a disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the aforementioned B7H3 binding polypeptide, the aforementioned antigen chimeric receptor, the aforementioned isolated nucleic acid molecule, the aforementioned vector, the aforementioned cell, the aforementioned immune effector cell, and/or the aforementioned pharmaceutical composition.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 includes a disease or condition associated with upregulated expression of B7H3.
  • the disease or condition associated with the expression of B7H3 comprises cancer.
  • the cancer comprises adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, bile duct cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, esophageal cancer, glioma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, gastric cancer, thymic carcinoma or endometrial cancer.
  • the present application provides a modified immune effector cell, wherein the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene are downregulated, the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene are not downregulated, and the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene are not downregulated, compared with the expression and/or activity of the corresponding genes in the corresponding cells that have not been modified; and the HLA-B typing of the modified immune effector cell is matched with the HLA-B typing of the subject.
  • the modified immune effector cell is HLA-B heterozygous and consistent with both HLA-B alleles of the subject, or the modified immune effector cell is HLA-B homozygous and consistent with one of the HLA-B alleles of the subject.
  • the HLA-B homozygotes include HLA-B*40 homozygotes, HLA-B*15 homozygotes, HLA-B*46 homozygotes, HLA-B*13 homozygotes, HLA-B*51 homozygotes, HLA-B*58 homozygotes, HLA-B*07 homozygotes, HLA-B*35 homozygotes, HLA-B*44 homozygotes, HLA-B*52 homozygotes, HLA-B*57 homozygotes, HLA-B*54 homozygotes, and HLA-B*55 homozygotes.
  • the modification results in downregulation of the expression and/or activity of two genes, wherein the two genes consist of a TRAC gene and an HLA-A gene.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene are downregulated, the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene is not downregulated, and the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene is not downregulated compared to corresponding wild-type cells.
  • the expression and/or activity of two genes is downregulated compared to a corresponding wild-type cell, wherein the two genes consist of a TRAC gene and an HLA-A gene.
  • the down-regulation of the expression level and/or activity of the gene comprises down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene; and/or down-regulating the expression and/or activity of the protein product encoded by the gene.
  • the modification comprises: gene mutation and/or gene silencing.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells one or more substances selected from the group consisting of antisense RNA, siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the modification comprises administering a CRISPR/Cas9 system to the immune effector cell.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-A gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-A gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:192 to SEQ ID NO:232.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-B gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-B gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:237 to SEQ ID NO:239.
  • the modification further comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the TRAC gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the TRAC gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:177 to SEQ ID NO:191.
  • the modification further comprises administering a Cas enzyme to the cell.
  • the Cas enzyme comprises a Cas9 protein.
  • the antisense RNA comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:233 to SEQ ID NO:236.
  • the modified immune effector cells express CAR.
  • the CAR comprises an antigen binding domain, a hinge region, a transmembrane domain, an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain, and an intracellular signal transduction domain.
  • the antigen binding domain specifically binds to a tumor antigen.
  • the tumor antigen is selected from the group consisting of CD19, CD20, CD22, CD33, BCMA, IL13Ra2, EGFR, Her2, GD2 and B7H3.
  • the antigen binding domain is selected from the following group: monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, dimers, multimers, multispecific antibodies, complete antibodies, antibody fragments, human antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, Fv fragments, F(ab')2, single-chain Fv (scFv) and single-domain antibodies (VHH).
  • the transmembrane domain comprises a transmembrane domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD8A, CD8B, CD28, CD3 ⁇ (CD3e), 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, PD-1, TRAC, TRBC, CD3 ⁇ , CTLA-4, LAG-3, CD5, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, 2B4 (CD244), Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, CD30, GITR, HVEM, DAP10, CD2, NKG2C, LIGHT, DAP12, CD40L (CD154), TIM1, CD226, DR3, CD45, CD80, CD86, CD9, CD16, CD22, CD33, CD37, CD64, and SLAM.
  • the intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain comprises an intracellular co-stimulatory signaling domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, CD137, CD27, CD2, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, OX40, CD226, DR3, SLAM, CDS, ICAM-1, NKG2D, NKG2C, B7-H3, 2B4, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, HVEM, DAP10, DAP12, CD30, CD40, CD40L, TIM1, PD-1, LFA-1, LIGHT, JAML, CD244, CD100, ICOS, CD40, and MyD88.
  • proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, CD137, CD27, CD2, CD7, CD8A, CD8B, OX40, CD226, DR3, SLAM, CDS, ICAM-1, NKG2D, NKG2C, B7-H3, 2B4, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR
  • the intracellular signal transduction domain comprises an intracellular signal transduction domain derived from one or more proteins selected from the following group: CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD79a, CD79b, FceRI ⁇ , FceRI ⁇ , Fc ⁇ RIIa, bovine leukemia virus gp30, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) LMP2A, simian immunodeficiency virus PBj14 Nef, DAP10, DAP-12 and a domain comprising at least one ITAM.
  • EBV Epstein-Barr virus
  • the hinge region comprises a hinge region derived from one or more proteins selected from the group consisting of CD28, IgG1, IgG4, IgD, 4-1BB, CD4, CD27, CD7, CD8A, PD-1, ICOS, OX40, NKG2D, NKG2C, Fc ⁇ RI ⁇ , BTLA, GITR, DAP10, TIM1, SLAM, CD30, and LIGHT.
  • the CAR further comprises a signal peptide fragment, the C-terminus of the signal peptide fragment is closely connected to the targeting The N-terminus of the part is connected.
  • the signal peptide fragment comprises a CD8A signal peptide fragment.
  • the immune effector cells comprise human cells.
  • the immune effector cells include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • NK cells natural killer cells
  • macrophages include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the immune effector cells comprise non-autologous immune effector cells.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing the aforementioned modified immune effector cells, comprising the following steps:
  • the modified immune effector cell is HLA-B heterozygous and consistent with both HLA-B alleles of the subject, or the modified immune effector cell is HLA-B homozygous and consistent with one of the HLA-B alleles of the subject.
  • the HLA-B homozygotes include HLA-B*40 homozygotes, HLA-B*15 homozygotes, HLA-B*46 homozygotes, HLA-B*13 homozygotes, HLA-B*51 homozygotes, HLA-B*58 homozygotes, HLA-B*07 homozygotes, HLA-B*35 homozygotes, HLA-B*44 homozygotes, HLA-B*52 homozygotes, HLA-B*57 homozygotes, HLA-B*54 homozygotes, and HLA-B*55 homozygotes.
  • the modification results in downregulation of the expression and/or activity of two genes, wherein the two genes consist of a TRAC gene and an HLA-A gene.
  • the modification results in downregulation of the expression and/or activity of three genes, wherein the two genes consist of the TRAC gene, the HLA-A gene, and the HLA-B gene.
  • the expression and/or activity of the TRAC gene and the HLA-A gene are downregulated, the expression and/or activity of the B2M gene are not downregulated, and the expression and/or activity of the CIITA gene are not downregulated.
  • the expression and/or activity of two genes is downregulated compared to a corresponding wild-type cell, wherein the two genes consist of a TRAC gene and an HLA-A gene.
  • downregulating the expression level and/or activity of a gene comprises downregulating the expression and/or activity of a nucleic acid molecule encoding the gene; and/or downregulating the expression and/or activity of a protein product encoded by the gene.
  • the modification comprises: gene mutation and/or gene silencing.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells one or more substances selected from the group consisting of antisense RNA, siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 system.
  • the modification comprises administering a CRISPR/Cas9 system to the immune effector cell.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-A gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-A gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:192 to SEQ ID NO:232.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the HLA-B gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the HLA-B gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:237 to SEQ ID NO:239.
  • the modification comprises administering to the immune effector cells an sgRNA targeting an exon portion of the TRAC gene.
  • the sgRNA targeting the exon portion of the TRAC gene comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:177 to SEQ ID NO:191.
  • the modification further comprises administering a Cas enzyme to the cell.
  • the Cas enzyme comprises a Cas9 protein.
  • the antisense RNA comprises a nucleotide sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:233 to SEQ ID NO:236.
  • the immune effector cells comprise human cells.
  • the immune effector cells include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • NK cells natural killer cells
  • macrophages include T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages, NKT cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • the immune effector cells comprise non-autologous immune effector cells.
  • the present application provides a composition comprising the aforementioned modified immune effector cells and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present application provides the use of the aforementioned modified immune effector cells in the preparation of CAR-T cells.
  • the present application provides the use of the aforementioned modified immune effector cells in the preparation of a drug for allogeneic therapy.
  • the present application provides the use of the aforementioned modified immune effector cells in the preparation of a drug for treating a tumor.
  • the tumor comprises a solid tumor and a non-solid tumor.
  • the tumor is selected from the group consisting of liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, B lymphocytic neoplasm, Hodgkin's lymphoma, glioma, chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia.
  • the anti-B7H3 CAR structure includes: two B7H3 antigen binding regions (1G7 and 1A5), a CD8A extracellular hinge region, a CD8A transmembrane region, a 4-1BB intracellular co-stimulatory domain and a CD3 ⁇ activation signal domain.
  • Non-antigen binding sequence of B7H3 CAR (DNA and amino acid sequence) DNA sequence:
  • the B7H3 CAR lentiviral expression vector was constructed, and the vector schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1. Optimization: The commercial lentiviral expression vector pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP was selected as the backbone, and the elements were modified on the basis of this vector. First, the ampicillin resistance gene ⁇ -lactamase of the vector was replaced with aminoglycoside phosphotransferase derived from Tn5 to make the vector kanamycin resistant. Secondly, we deleted the CMV promoter and its adjacent downstream multiple cloning site, which are potentially threatening in in vivo applications.
  • the copGFP gene expressed by the EF1 promoter in the original vector was deleted, the SalI restriction site was retained, and the SmaI restriction site was added to the 5' end of SalI for vector construction to form the final destination vector.
  • the added SmaI restriction site is the single restriction site of the final destination vector, and other sequence parts of the vector do not have this restriction site.
  • the chimeric antigen receptor lentiviral expression vector was constructed, and the sequence was confirmed to be correct by Sanger sequencing before lentiviral packaging.
  • This application provides a B7H3 UCAR-T cell with higher safety, which is mainly manifested in two strategies:
  • the first donor source screening strategy First, the donor source is based on the HLA-A and/or HLA-B homozygotes in the population. It is sufficient that one of the patient's HLA-A or HLA-B alleles is consistent with the donor's HLA-A or HLA-B homozygotes. Cells from these donors can cover a large number of patients. Reduce the rejection reaction caused by inconsistent HLA-A and/or HLA-B subtypes. HLA-A selects A*02 homozygotes, A*11 homozygotes, A*02/A11 heterozygotes, and A*24 homozygotes with higher frequencies in the population.
  • HLA-B mainly selects B*40 homozygotes, B*15 homozygotes, B*46 homozygotes, B*13 homozygotes, B*51 homozygotes, B*58 homozygotes, B*07 homozygotes, B*35 homozygotes, B*44 homozygotes, B*52 homozygotes, B*57 homozygotes, B*54 homozygotes, and B*55 homozygotes, which are more frequently found in the population.
  • the second knockout strategy Knockout the HLA-A and/or HLA-B molecules that are highly related to TCR and rejection, while retaining other HLA-I molecules, which not only reduces the rejection of allogeneic cells, but also avoids the occurrence of HLA molecules being completely knocked out and cleared by NK cells, greatly prolonging the half-life of allogeneic CAR-T cells in the body.
  • knocking out TCR can reduce the GVHD reaction caused by allogeneic cell therapy.
  • TCR gene selection encodes the gene TRAC of the TCR ⁇ chain, HLA-A A*02 homozygotes, A*11 homozygotes and A*02/A11 heterozygotes with higher frequencies in the population were selected, and HLA-B mainly selected B*40 homozygotes and B*46 homozygotes with higher frequencies in the population.
  • PBMC cryopreservation Determine whether to cryopreserve based on actual conditions.
  • CD3+T cell sorting Resuspend cells with a certain amount of buffer, mix well, add CD3 magnetic beads at a rate of 20ul CD3 magnetic beads/107 cells, mix well and incubate in a refrigerator at 4 degrees, add buffer to wash cells and centrifuge, resuspend cells for magnetic bead separation, first place the column on the magnetic pole, place a centrifuge tube below, and soak the column with buffer (LS); add cells to the column without generating bubbles, wash the column 3 times with buffer, remove the column and place it in a clean 15ml centrifuge tube to collect CD3+ T cells; aspirate buffer and add it to the column, use the piston to elute the CD3-labeled cells, and take some cells for cell counting.
  • LS buffer
  • CD3/CD28 magnetic bead activation Resuspend the cells at a density of 1x106/ml according to the cell counting results, prepare the activation reagent, add it to the complete culture medium (including cytokines IL2, IL7, IL15), fully resuspend the cells, and incubate at 37°C, 5% CO2.
  • Virus transfer 24 hours after the magnetic beads are activated, add the virus according to the MOI of B7H3 virus (i.e., the lentiviral vector prepared in Example 2, B7H3 VHH1 is 1G7, B7H3 VHH2 is 1A5), centrifuge at room temperature, and culture at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 hours after the centrifugation.
  • B7H3 virus i.e., the lentiviral vector prepared in Example 2, B7H3 VHH1 is 1G7, B7H3 VHH2 is 1A5
  • centrifuge at room temperature
  • culture 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 hours after the centrifugation.
  • the sgRNA sequences are TRAC sgRNA: AGAGTCTCTCAGCTGGTACA, A02 sgRNA: CTGACCATGAAGCCACCCTG, and A11 sgRNA: GGCCCCTCCTGCTCTATCCA.
  • CD3 negative T cell sorting CD3 negative T cell sorting, cell counting and centrifugation, discard supernatant; resuspend cells with buffer and mix well, add CD3 magnetic beads according to 20ul CD3 magnetic beads/107 cells, mix well and incubate in 4 degrees refrigerator, add buffer to wash cells and centrifuge for magnetic bead separation. First, place the column on the magnetic pole and the corresponding centrifuge tube below. Buffer soaks the column (LD), adds cells to the column, does not generate bubbles, washes the column twice with buffer, collects the washed liquid (CD3-T) in a 15ml centrifuge tube, and takes some cells for cell counting.
  • LD low density low density
  • Cell culture observe the cell state under a microscope, take cells for dilution and counting, supplement with full culture medium to maintain the cell density at 3x10 ⁇ 5-1x10 ⁇ 6/ml, supplement/change the medium in the middle, and culture at 37°C, 5% CO2.
  • Cell harvesting Collect cells into cell centrifuge tubes and discard after centrifugation. Wash cells again with saline, centrifuge, prepare freezing solution, resuspend centrifuged cells with freezing solution, use a syringe to draw cell suspension into cell freezing bag for final product, label the cell freezing bag and proceed to the next step of freezing.
  • HLA-A gene knockout sgRNA used is replaced with HLA-B sgRNA, specifically HLA-B40 Sg6:5-CATGTCCCGGCCCGGCCGCG-3; HLA-B40 Sg19:5-CCGGACGGGCGCCTCCTCCG-3; HLA-B46 Sg14:5-GTGAGCCTGCGGAACCTGCG-3.
  • the preparation steps are similar to those in Example 4-1, except that the HLA-A gene knockout sgRNA used is replaced with an equal mixture of HLA-A sgRNA and HLA-B sgRNA.
  • the preparation steps are similar to those of Example 4-3, except that the lentivirus used for T cell transfection is replaced with a B7H3-specific CAR lentiviral vector expressing membrane-bound IL15.
  • the preparation steps are similar to those of Example 4-3, except for the gene knockout and CD3-negative T cell sorting steps.
  • the preparation steps are similar to those of Example 4-1, except that the structure of CAR is changed from two B7H3 antigen binding regions to one B7H3 antigen binding region 1G7.
  • the preparation steps are similar to those of Example 4-1, except that the structure of CAR is changed from two B7H3 antigen binding regions to one B7H3 antigen binding region 1A5.
  • B7H3 target cells U251-LG cell line with high expression of B7-H3 (U251 cell line was modified to express luciferase and GFP); the target cells were adjusted to the logarithmic growth phase and were subcultured twice before the experiment;
  • the plate was removed from the incubator and 200ul of supernatant was collected. Then, the Luciferase activity (i.e., Luc activity) was detected to reflect the lysis ability of the recombinant CAR-T cells on the target cells.
  • TRAC, HLA-A double knockout dual-epitope targeting B7H3 UCAR-T and dual-epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells have a significant killing effect on U251 cells (see Figure 2).
  • the in vitro killing results show that dual-epitope UCAR-T and CAR-T cells have stronger target cell killing ability.
  • the supernatant of the above co-culture system was collected and the cytokine secretion level was detected.
  • the experimental results are shown in FIG3 .
  • B7H3 UCAR-T and B7H3 CAR-T were significantly activated, and a large amount of IL-2 and IFN- ⁇ cytokines were secreted.
  • the IL-2 and INF- ⁇ secretion of dual-epitope UCAR-T and CAR-T cells was higher than that of other test cells, indicating that compared with single-epitope UCAR-T, dual-epitope is easier to be activated and has better cell activity after activation.
  • mice 8-10 week old NSG mice were intravenously injected with 2x10 ⁇ 6 tumor cells U251-LG and divided into groups A-G, with 5 mice in each group. On the 7th day after the tumor was successfully established, 5x10 ⁇ 6 cells from groups A-G were injected into the tumor of the mice, and the tumor regression of the mice was monitored by luciferase.
  • TRAC TRAC, HLA-A double knockout bi-epitope B7H3 UCAR-T cells;
  • G wild-type T cells.
  • the preparation steps of E are similar to those of Example 4-1, except that the structure of CAR is changed from two B7H3 antigen binding regions to one B7H3 antigen binding region Hbrca84d-2.
  • the preparation steps of F are similar to those of Example 4-5, except that the structure of CAR is changed from two B7H3 antigen binding regions to one B7H3 antigen binding region Hbrca84d-2.
  • Hbrca84d-2 The sequence of Hbrca84d-2 is as follows:
  • B7H3 CAR-T cells kill target cells that weakly express B7-H3:
  • hHSC-NCG Three humanized immune system mice (hHSC-NCG) were prepared, and B7H3 CAR-T or T cells of groups A-D were prepared. 1x10 ⁇ 7 were injected into humanized immune mice, and blood was collected at different time points, D0, 2h, D3, D7, D10, D14, D21, D28, D33, D42, D49, and D56. The genomes in the blood samples at different time points were extracted, and the copy/ng genome DNA was calculated by the QPCR absolute quantitative method. The UCAR-T cells harvested on the 14th day were used as the positive control, and DEPC water was used as the negative control.
  • A-D in Example 8 prepared different types of T cells as follows:
  • GVHD reaction TRAC, HLA-A double knockout T cells, TRAC, HLA-B double knockout T cells, TRAC, HLA-A/B triple knockout T cells, and T cells without gene knockout were prepared, and each group of cells was stimulated with irradiated allogeneic PBMCs, and the level of IFN-r was detected.
  • Allogeneic reaction Allogeneic PBMCs were used to stimulate the four groups of irradiated cells, and the levels of IFN-r were detected.
  • GVHD reaction TRAC, HLA-A double knockout dual epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells (TRAC-/HLA-A- group), TRAC, HLA-B double knockout dual epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells (TRAC-/HLA-B- group) and TRAC, HLA-A/B triple knockout dual epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells (TRAC, HLA-A-/HLA-B- group) were prepared. 8-10 week old NSG mice were injected with 1x10 ⁇ 7 respectively, and the graft-versus-host reaction was observed through clinical indicators such as survival rate, fur texture and skin integrity.
  • Cytokine detection Peripheral blood serum was collected to detect the levels of cytokines such as IL-2, TNF- ⁇ , and IFN- ⁇ . Blood collection time points: before reinfusion, D1, D3, D7, D14, D21, D28, D35, D42, D49, D56, and D63. Organ lesion detection: at the end of the observation period (2 The spleen, liver, skin, gastrointestinal tract, lung and kidney of the mice were taken for HE section staining analysis.
  • the survival rates of the TRAC-/HLA-A-group, TRAC-/HLA-B-group and TRAC-/HLA-A-/HLA-B-group were 80%, 60% and 60%, respectively, indicating that the TRAC-/HLA-A-group can better improve the survival rate of mice and further reduce the risk of GVHD.
  • Allogeneic reaction Prepare TRAC, HLA-A double knockout bi-epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells, TRAC, HLA-A/B triple knockout bi-epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells, TRAC, B2M double knockout bi-epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells and TRAC single knockout bi-epitope B7H3 CAR-T cells, and inject 1x10 ⁇ 7 into huHSC-NCG-hIL15 mice respectively.
  • the huHSC-NCG-hIL5 mouse model used achieves the purpose of reconstructing the human immune system by reinfusing human hematopoietic stem cells. This model can effectively reconstruct human T, B, and NK cells.
  • Control group Inject PBS buffer into NSG mice.
  • On-target and off-target (GUIDE-seq): Control group: CAS9+ODN tag; Experimental group: CAS9+sgRNA(TRAC+HLA-A)+ODN tag. DNA of the two groups of cells was extracted on D14 and sent to Suzhou Jinweizhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for detection.
  • Chromosomal translocation qPCR was used to quantify the rearrangements that may occur when the TRAC and HLA loci are edited simultaneously. The two translocations are labeled TRAC:HLA and HLA:TRAC. Positive reference samples in the synthetic template plasmid were evaluated as detection controls. Amplified fragments on both sides of the HLA genomic target region were used as internal controls. Genomic DNA was extracted Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to calculate the gene copy number of genomic DNA based on the standard curve and Cq value.
  • Cas9 protein residue During cell preparation, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cells were taken before knockout, after knockout, and before harvest for lysis, and then quantified with a protein quantification kit (NOVATEINBIO, catalog number NB-E1372PR). Each group of samples was adjusted to the same loading amount of 2 ⁇ g, and detected with a CRISPR/Cas9 protein ELISA kit according to the instructions. The Cas9 protein in the sample was firmly and stably placed on the test paper well. The detection antibody was then used to recognize the bound Cas9 protein, and then the developer was used for development. The Cas9 ratio is proportional to the absorbance, and the absolute amount of Cas9 protein is quantified by comparison with the Cas9 control.
  • NOVATEINBIO catalog number NB-E1372PR
  • the double knockout T cells (TRAC+HLA-A) were tested for residual spCas9 at four time points: before electroporation (D3), before changing the medium after electroporation (D5), D9, and D14 (harvest). Except for a trace amount of residual spCas9 detected before changing the medium after electroporation (D5), no residual spCas9 was detected at the other three time points (see Figure 16).

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Abstract

一种B7H3结合多肽，其包含两个不同抗B7H3单域抗体。还涉及包含所述B7H3结合多肽的嵌合抗原受体，以及包含所述嵌合抗原受体的通用型CAR-T细胞，识别肿瘤细胞表面抗原的同时，敲除细胞表达的TCR和HLA-A基因，从而降低异体CAR-T治疗引起的免疫排斥反应，延长细胞存活时间，提高抗肿瘤效果。

Description

靶向B7H3的通用型CAR-T细胞及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及基因敲除策略，分子生物学及免疫治疗领域，具体涉及一种基于碱基编辑的通用型B7H3 UCAR-T细胞及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
胶质母细胞瘤占所有脑肿瘤的15％，可起源于普通脑细胞，或由低级星形细胞瘤发展而来。通常诊断后的生存期为12至15个月，患者五年以上生存期只有3％至7％。在不加以治疗的情况下，生存期通常为3个月。每年每10万人中约有3人患胶质母细胞瘤，是最常见的脑起源癌症，是仅次于脑膜瘤的第二常见脑肿瘤。
随着肿瘤免疫理论的发展与技术的进步，细胞免疫治疗肿瘤吸引越来越多的关注。CAR-T细胞技术是一种基于细胞的治疗手段，已经在肿瘤免疫治疗尤其是血液肿瘤的治疗中产生极佳的效果。CAR-T免疫治疗使用基因改造的T细胞，可特异性地识别并杀死表达特定抗原的肿瘤细胞，而不受MHC限制性影响。CAR-T免疫疗法在各种B细胞恶性肿瘤的治疗中取得良好效果，如靶向CD19的CAR-T细胞治疗急性淋巴白血病(ALL)，慢性淋巴白血病(CLL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)。同时，CAR-T细胞对多发性骨髓瘤和复发/难治多发性骨髓瘤的临床应用正在进行中，并显示出令人鼓舞的结果。
B7-H3，也称为CD276，属于免疫调节蛋白B7家族，是一种I型膜蛋白，其胞外结构域序列与其他B7家族成员相似。B7-H3基因位于人类的15号染色体上，该基因由十个外显子组成，其中外显子4至7编码细胞外IgV-IgC结构域。B7-H3的mRNA在多种正常组织和一些肿瘤细胞系中表达，在外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中则无法检测到，但是通过炎症细胞因子(IFNγ)以及PMA和ionomycin组合物，可在树突细胞和单核细胞上诱导B7-H3表达。虽然B7-H3 mRNA在正常组织中广泛表达，但是B7-H3蛋白表达水平在正常组织中极低或缺失，表明B7-H3的蛋白表达受到严格的转录后调控。与之相对的是，B7-H3蛋白在多种恶性肿瘤中过表达，且与不良预后、较高的肿瘤分级和肿瘤转移、耐药及整体生存率低相关。
B7-H3在肿瘤与健康组织间的差异表达使其非常适合作为治疗靶点，因为靶向该抗原导致的副作用会非常有限。已开展的临床前研究结果表明，在肿瘤细胞中抑制或降低B7-H3蛋白表达，可降低细胞增殖和糖酵解，并增加肿瘤细胞的药物敏感性。
以B7-H3为靶点的CAR-T细胞疗法已经展开研究。一项临床前研究证明，B7-H3 CAR-T细胞在体内表现出显著的抗肿瘤活性，可使多种异体移植模型(包括骨肉瘤，髓母细胞瘤 和尤因肉瘤)中已建立的实体肉瘤消退。
然而，病人自体T细胞在体外扩增困难或功能降低，导致制备的CAR-T细胞产品数量不足或质量差。通用型CAR T细胞是从健康供体分离获得T细胞，制备的CAR-T细胞不但扩增效率高、活力强，而且感染阳性率也有提高，但是通用型CAR-T也面临着移植物抗宿主疾病(GVHD)和免疫排斥的问题。CRISPR/Cas9系统是最常用的基因编辑方法，可用于产生TCR缺陷和HLA I类分子缺陷的T细胞，降低同种异体细胞治疗引起的免疫排斥免疫反应。
本发明的目的在于制备一种靶向B7H3蛋白双表位的通用型CAR-T细胞，识别肿瘤细胞表面抗原的同时，敲除细胞表达的TCR和HLA-A基因，从而降低异体CAR-T治疗引起的免疫排斥反应，延长细胞存活时间，提高抗肿瘤效果。
发明内容
一方面，本申请提供了一种分离的B7H3结合多肽，其包含靶向B7H3的第一重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-1)和第二重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-2)，其中所述VHH-1包含如SEQ ID NO:1所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:3所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:5所示的HCDR3；和/或所述VHH-2包含如SEQ ID NO:2所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:4所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:6所示的HCDR3。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-1和/或VHH-2包括人抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-1与VHH-2直接连接或者通过接头(linker)连接。
在某些实施方式中，自N端至C端，其中所述B7H3结合多肽依次包含：i)VHH-1-linker-VHH-2；或ii)VHH-2-linker-VHH-1。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述接头包含SEQ ID NO:22所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-1包含：
i)包含SEQ ID NO:7所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:13所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；或
ii)包含SEQ ID NO:8所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-1包含如SEQ ID NO:18或SEQ ID NO:19所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-2包含
i)包含SEQ ID NO:9所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:15所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；或
ii)包含SEQ ID NO:10所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-2包含如SEQ ID NO:20或SEQ ID NO:21所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述B7H3结合多肽包含SEQ ID NO:23，SEQ ID NO:24，SEQ ID NO:26和SEQ ID NO:25中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
另一方面，本申请提供一种免疫缀合物，其包含本申请所述B7H3结合多肽。
另一方面，本申请提供一种嵌合抗原受体，其包含靶向B7H3的胞外抗原结合结构域，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包括至少两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
在某些实施方式中，所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
另一方面，本申请提供一种嵌合抗原受体，其包含靶向B7H3的胞外抗原结合结构域，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的跨膜域：CD8A、CD8B、CD28、CD3ε(CD3e)、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、PD-1、TRAC、TRBC、CD3ζ、CTLA-4、LAG-3、CD5、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、2B4(CD244)、FcεRIγ、BTLA、CD30、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、CD2、NKG2C、LIGHT、DAP12，CD40L(CD154)、TIM1、CD226、DR3、CD45、CD80、CD86、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64和SLAM。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含源自CD8A的跨膜域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含SEQ ID NO:62至SEQ ID NO:110中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含SEQ ID NO:62所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或 多种蛋白的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域：CD28、CD137、CD27、CD2、CD7、CD8A、CD8B、OX40、CD226、DR3、SLAM、CDS、ICAM-1、NKG2D、NKG2C、B7-H3、2B4、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、DAP12、CD30、CD40、CD40L、TIM1、PD-1、LFA-1、LIGHT、JAML、CD244、CD100、ICOS、CD40和MyD88。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域源自4-1BB的共刺激信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:111至SEQ ID NO:143中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:112所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内信号转导结构域：CD3ζ、CD3δ、CD3γ、CD3ε、CD79a、CD79b、FceRIγ、FceRIβ、FcγRIIa、牛白血病病毒gp30、Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)LMP2A、猿免疫缺陷病毒PBj14 Nef、DAP10、DAP-12和至少包含一个ITAM的结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自CD3ζ的信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:131、SEQ ID NO:132、SEQ ID NO:144至SEQ ID NO:154中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:144所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其在胞外抗原结合结构域和跨膜域之间包括铰链区，所述铰链区包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的铰链区：CD28、IgG1、IgG4、IgD、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、CD8A、PD-1、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、NKG2C、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、DAP10、TIM1、SLAM、CD30和LIGHT。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含源自CD8A的铰链区。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含SEQ ID NO:155至SEQ ID NO:176中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含SEQ ID NO:163所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分包含CD8A的铰链区、CD8A分子跨膜域、4-1BB的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和CD3ζ胞内信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分包含SEQ ID NO:27所示的氨基酸 序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的嵌合抗原受体还包含信号肽片段，所述信号肽片段的C端与所述胞外抗原结合结构域的N端连接。
在某些实施方式中，自N端至C端，所述的嵌合抗原受体依次包含信号肽片段、胞外抗原结合结构域，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，所述信号肽片段包括CD8A信号肽片段。
在某些实施方式中，所述信号肽片段包含如SEQ ID NO:28所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的嵌合抗原受体包含SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
另一方面，本申请提供一种或多种分离的多肽，其包含本申请所述的嵌合抗原受体和能够增强免疫效应细胞的一种或多种活性的增强子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子是膜嵌合的细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子选自IL-2，IL-3，IL-4，IL-6，IL-7，IL-8，IL-10，IL-11，IL-12，IL-15，IL-17，IL-18，IL-21，IL-23，其受体，其功能变体及它们的组合。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括IL-15或其功能变体，或包含IL-15受体(IL-15R)的嵌合细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括膜嵌合的IL-15(mIL-15)。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包含SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其包含i)SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列；和ii)SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子分别位于不同的多肽中。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子位于同一多肽中。例如，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子可以直接连接或间接连接。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子通过接头连接。例如，自N端至C端，所述多肽可以包含如下结构：i)嵌合抗原受体，接头和增强子；或ii)增强子，接头和嵌合抗原受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述接头包括自切割肽。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述自切割肽包括P2A，F2A，E2A或T2A。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述T2A包含SEQ ID NO:44所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述多肽包含SEQ ID NO:241或SEQ ID NO:243所示的氨基酸序列。
另一方面，本申请提供一种或多种分离的核酸分子，其编码本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽，本申请所述的嵌合抗原受体，或本申请所述的多肽。
另一方面，本申请提供一种或多种分离的核酸分子，其包含编码本申请所述的嵌合抗原受体的第一核苷酸序列，和编码能够增强免疫效应细胞的一种或多种活性的增强子的第二核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子是膜嵌合的细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子选自IL-2，IL-3，IL-4，IL-6，IL-7，IL-8，IL-10，IL-11，IL-12，IL-15，IL-17，IL-18，IL-21，IL-23，其受体，其功能变体及它们的组合。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括IL-15或其功能变体，或包含IL-15受体(IL-15R)的嵌合细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括膜嵌合的IL-15(mIL-15)。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包含SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的核酸分子包含i)编码SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列的核苷酸序列；和ii)SEQ ID NO:47或SEQ ID NO:55所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列位于不同的核酸分子中。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列位于同一核酸分子中。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列直接连接。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列间接连接。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列通过间隔序列连接。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述间隔序列包括内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)或编码自切割多肽。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述间隔序列编码病毒自切割多肽。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述间隔序列编码病毒自切割2A多肽(2A)。
在某些实施方式中，其中病毒自切割2A多肽包括口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)(F2A)肽、马A型鼻炎病毒(ERAV)(E2A)肽、明脉扁刺蛾β四体病毒(Thoseaasigna virus)(TaV)(T2A)肽、猪捷申病毒-1(PTV-1)(P2A)肽、泰勒病毒2A肽或脑心肌炎病毒2A肽。
在某些实施方式中，其中间隔序列包含编码T2A的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中间隔序列包含SEQ ID NO:43所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述IRES选自以下的至少一种：脊髓灰质炎IRES，鼻病毒IRES，脑心肌炎病毒IRES(EMCV-IRES)，小核糖核酸病毒IRES，口蹄疫病毒IRES(FMDV-IRES)，口咽病毒IRES，卡波西氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒IRES(KSHV-IRES)，甲型肝炎IRES，丙型肝炎IRES，经典猪瘟病毒IRES，瘟病毒IRES，牛病毒性腹泻病毒IRES，弗云德鼠白血病IRES，莫洛尼鼠白血病IRES(MMLV-IRES)，劳斯肉瘤病毒IRES，人类免疫缺陷病毒IRES(HIV-IRES)，小珀椿象肠病毒IRES，双顺反子病毒IRES，蟋蟀麻痹病毒IRES，锥蝽病毒IRES，禾谷缢管蚜病毒IRES，马立克氏病病毒IRES，成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-1 IRES和FGF-2 IRES)，血小板衍生生长因子B(PDGF/c-sis IRES)，血管内皮生长因子(VEGF IRES)和胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-II IRES)。
在某些实施方式中，自5’端至3’端，所述核酸分子依次包含：i)第一核苷酸序列，间隔序列和第二核苷酸序列；或ii)第二核苷酸序列，间隔序列和第一核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，自5’端至3’端，所述核酸分子依次包含：编码本申请所述CAR的核苷酸序列，间隔序列和编码增强子的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述核酸分子包含SEQ ID NO:240或SEQ ID NO:242所示的核苷酸序列。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种载体，其包含本申请所述的分离的核酸分子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述载体是表达载体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述载体选自DNA载体、RNA载体、质粒、慢病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体和逆转录病毒载体。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种细胞，其包含本申请所述的分离的核酸分子或本申请所述的载体；和/或表达本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽或嵌合抗原受体。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种免疫效应细胞，其包含本申请所述的分离的核酸分子或本申请所述的载体；和/或表达本申请所述的嵌合抗原受体或多肽。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种免疫效应细胞，其包含靶向B7H3的嵌合抗原受体和膜嵌 合的IL15分子(mIL15)。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述嵌合抗原受体的胞外抗原结合结构域包括至少两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述mIL15包含如SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所述的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包含本申请所述的嵌合抗原受体。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体包含SEQ ID NO:29至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括自体或非自体的免疫效应细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述的免疫效应细胞包括经修饰的免疫效应细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞包括降低同种异体细胞治疗引起的免疫排斥反应的细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞中的T细胞抗原受体(TCR)和主要组织相容性复合体(MHCI，MHCII)在T细胞中的功能受到抑制。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A、HLA-B、B2M和CIITA。
在某些实施方式中，所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经修饰的相应细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经所述修饰的相应细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经所述修饰的相应细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，TRAC 基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经修饰的相应细胞相比，TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括：基因敲除、基因突变和/或基因沉默。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫效应细胞中两个TRAC等位基因中的任意一个被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中两个TRAC等位基因被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-A基因外显子被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID  NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
在某些实施方式中，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述反义RNA包含SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞为HLA-B纯合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞为HLA-A纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-A纯合子或杂合子包括HLA-A*02纯合子，HLA-A*11纯合子，HLA-A*02/A*11杂合子或HLA-A*24纯合子。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种制备免疫效应细胞的方法，其包括向免疫效应细胞中本申请所述的核酸分子或本申请所述的载体。
在某些实施方式中，所述方法还包括：在向免疫效应细胞中引入本申请所述的核酸分子或本申请所述的载体之前/之后，修饰所述免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A、HLA-B、B2M和CIITA。
在某些实施方式中，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，下调所述免疫效应细胞中TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性。
在某些实施方式中，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，所述免疫效应细胞的TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，所述免疫效应细胞的TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括：基因敲除、基因突变和/或基因沉默。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫效应细胞中两个TRAC等位基因中的任意一个被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中两个TRAC等位基因被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-A基因外显子被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
在某些实施方式中，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述反义RNA包含SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括自体或非自体的免疫效应细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述细胞为HLA-B纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述细胞为HLA-A纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-A纯合子或杂合子包括HLA-A*02纯合子，HLA-A*11纯合子，HLA-A*02/A*11杂合子或HLA-A*24纯合子。
另一方面，本申请提供了本申请所述的分离的核酸分子，本申请所述的载体，本申请所述的细胞，或本申请所述的免疫效应细胞在制备CAR-T细胞中的应用。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种药物组合物，其包含本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽，本申请所述的分离的核酸分子，本申请所述的载体，本申请所述的细胞，和/或本申请所述的免疫效应细胞，以及任选地药学上可接受的载剂。
另一方面，本申请提供了本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽，本申请所述的分离的核酸分子，本申请所述的载体，本申请所述的细胞，本申请所述的免疫效应细胞，和/或本申请所述的药物组合物，其用于治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种预防或治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症的方法，其包括向有需要的受试者施用有效量的本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽，本申请所述的分离的核酸分子，本申请所述的载体，本申请所述的细胞，本申请所述的免疫效应细胞，和/或本申 请所述的药物组合物。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
本领域技术人员能够从下文的详细描述中容易地洞察到本申请的其它方面和优势。下文的详细描述中仅显示和描述了本申请的示例性实施方式。如本领域技术人员将认识到的，本申请的内容使得本领域技术人员能够对所公开的具体实施方式进行改动而不脱离本申请所涉及发明的精神和范围。相应地，本申请的附图和说明书中的描述仅仅是示例性的，而非为限制性的。
附图说明
本申请所涉及的发明的具体特征如所附权利要求书所显示。通过参考下文中详细描述的示例性实施方式和附图能够更好地理解本申请所涉及发明的特点和优势。对附图简要说明书如下：
图1显示了本申请的双表位B7H3 CAR基因慢病毒表达载体。
图2显示了本申请所述的B7H3 UCAR-T细胞对靶细胞的杀伤效果。
图3显示了本申请所述的B7H3 UCAR-T细胞与靶细胞共培养细胞因子分泌检测。
图4显示了本申请所述的靶向B7H3 CAR-T细胞体内抗肿瘤效果。
图5显示了本申请所述的靶向B7H3 UCAR-T细胞体外安全性。
图6显示了本申请所述的靶向B7H3 UCAR细胞体内半衰期检测结果。
图7至图12显示了TRAC，HLA-A双敲T细胞的GVHD和体内排异反应结果。
图13显示了本申请所述的TRAC，HLA-A双敲T细胞的脱靶分析。
图14显示了本申请所述的TRAC，HLA-A双敲T细胞的染色体易位分析。
图15显示了本申请所述的TRAC，HLA-A双敲T细胞的核型分析。
图16显示了本申请所述的TRAC，HLA-A双敲T细胞的Cas9残留分析。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本申请发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书 所公开的内容容易地了解本申请发明的其他优点及效果。
术语定义
在本申请中，术语“嵌合抗原受体”或“CAR”通常是指一组多肽，在最简单的实施方案中通常有两种，其当在免疫效应细胞中时，提供细胞对靶细胞(通常为癌细胞)的特异性，并产生细胞内信号。在一些实施方案中，CAR包含至少一个细胞外抗原结合结构域(如VHH、scFv或其部分)，跨膜结构域和胞质信号传导结构域(本文中也称为“胞内信号传导结构域”)，其包含衍生自如下所定义的刺激分子和/或共刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域。在一些实施方案中，该组多肽在相同的多肽链中(例如，包含嵌合融合蛋白)。在一些实施方案中，该组多肽彼此不连续，例如在不同的多肽链中。在一些方面，该组多肽包括二聚化开关，其在二聚化分子的存在下可将多肽彼此偶联，例如可将抗原结合结构域偶联至胞内信号传导结构域。一方面，CAR的刺激分子是与T细胞受体复合物相关的ζ链。在一个方面，细胞质信号传导结构域包含一级信号传导结构域(例如，CD3-ζ的一级信号传导结构域)。在一个方面，细胞质信号传导结构域还包含一个或多个衍生自如下定义的至少一种共刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域。一方面，共刺激分子可以选自4-1BB(即CD137)，CD27，ICOS和/或CD28。一方面，CAR包含嵌合融合蛋白，其可以包含细胞外抗原识别结构域，跨膜结构域和包含衍生自刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域的细胞内信号传导结构域。一方面，CAR包含嵌合融合蛋白，其可以包含细胞外抗原识别结构域，跨膜结构域和细胞内信号传导结构域，细胞内信号传导结构域包含衍生自共刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域和衍生自刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域。一方面，CAR包含嵌合融合蛋白，其可以包含细胞外抗原识别结构域，跨膜结构域和细胞内信号传导结构域，细胞内信号传导结构域包含衍生自一个或多个共刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域和衍生自刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域。一方面，CAR包括嵌合融合蛋白，其可以包含细胞外抗原识别结构域，跨膜结构域和细胞内信号传导结构域，细胞内信号传导结构域包含至少两个衍生自一个或多个共刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域和衍生自刺激分子的功能性信号传导结构域。在一个方面，CAR包含CAR融合蛋白的氨基末端(N-ter)上任选的前导序列。在一个方面，CAR进一步包含在细胞外抗原识别结构域的N末端的前导序列，其中前导序列任选地在细胞加工过程中从抗原识别结构域(例如VHH)切除，并将CAR定位于细胞膜。
在本申请中，术语“抗体”通常是指在最广泛的意义上加以使用并且具体地涵盖单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、二聚体、多聚体、多特异性抗体(例如，双特异性抗体)、和抗体片段，只要它们显示所期望的生物活性(Milleretal(2003)Jour.ofImmunology170:4854-4861)。抗体可以 是鼠、人、人源化、嵌合抗体，或源于其它物种。
全长抗体典型地是指由两条“全长抗体重链”和两条“全长抗体轻链”组成的抗体。“全长抗体重链”通常是这样的多肽，其在N端到C端方向由抗体重链可变结构域(VH)、抗体恒定重链结构域1(CH1)，抗体铰链区(HR)，抗体重链恒定结构域2(CH2)，和抗体重链恒定结构域3(CH3)组成，缩写为VH-CH1-HR-CH2-CH3；并且在IgE亚类的抗体的情形中，任选地还包括抗体重链恒定结构域4(CH4)。在一些实施方式中，“全长抗体重链”是在N端到C端方向由VH，CH1，HR，CH2和CH3组成的多肽。“全长抗体轻链”通常是在N端到C端方向由抗体轻链可变结构域(VL)，和抗体轻链恒定结构域(CL)组成的多肽，缩写为VL-CL。所述抗体轻链恒定结构域(CL)可以是κ(kappa)或λ(lambda)。两条全长抗体链通过在CL结构域和CH1结构域之间的多肽间二硫键和全长抗体重链的铰链区之间的多肽间二硫键连接在一起。典型的全长抗体的实例是天然抗体如IgG(例如，IgG1和IgG2)，IgM，IgA，IgD，和IgE)。
在本申请中，术语“抗原结合片段”(在本文中也被称作“靶向部分”或“抗原结合部分”)通常是指抗体分子的一部分，其包含负责抗体与抗原之间的特异性结合的氨基酸。抗原中由抗体特异性地识别和结合的部分是称作如上文所述的“表位”。抗原结合结构域可典型地包含抗体轻链可变区(VL)和抗体重链可变区(VH)；然而，其并非必须包含两者。Fd片段例如具有两个VH区并且通常保留完整抗原结合结构域的一些抗原结合功能。抗体的抗原结合片段的实例包括(1)Fab片段，具有VL、VH、恒定轻链(CL)和CH1结构域的单价片段；(2)F(ab’)2片段，具有由铰链区的二硫桥连接的两个Fab片段的二价片段；(3)具有两个VH和CH1结构域的Fd片段；(4)具有抗体单臂的VL和VH结构域的Fv片段，(5)dAb片段(Ward等人,“Binding Activities of a Repertoire of Single Immunoglobulin Variable Domains Secreted From Escherichia coli,”Nature 341:544-546(1989)，其以引用的方式整体并入本申请)，其具有VH结构域；(6)分离的互补决定区(CDR)；(7)单链Fv(scFv)，例如源于scFV-文库。尽管Fv片段的两个结构域VL和VH是由独立基因编码，但其可通过合成连接子使用重组方法接合，合成连接子使得其被制备为其中VL和VH区配对以形成单价分子的单一蛋白链(称为单链Fv(scFv))(可参见例如Huston等人,“Protein Engineering of Antibody Binding Sites:Recovery of Specific Activity in an Anti-Digoxin Single-Chain Fv Analogue Produced in Escherichia coli,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:5879-5883(1988))；和(8)VHH，“VHH”涉及来自骆驼科(骆驼、单峰骆驼、美洲驼、羊驼等)重链抗体的可变抗原结合结构域(参见Nguyen V.K.等人，2000，The EMBO Journal，19，921-930；Muyldermans S.，2001，J Biotechnol.，74，277-302以及 综述Vanlandschoot P.等人，2011，Antiviral Research 92，389-407)。VHH也可称为纳米抗体(Nanobody)(Nb)和/或单域抗体。这些抗体片段使用所属领域的技术人员已知的常规技术获得，且以与完整抗体相同的方式评估所述片段的功能。
在本申请中，术语“单域抗体”或“VHH”通常是指缺失抗体轻链而只有重链可变区的一类抗体。在某些情形中，单域抗体可以来自双峰驼、单峰驼、羊驼、美洲驼、护士鲨、大星鲨或鳐鱼(例如，可参见康晓圳等，生物工程学报，2018，34(12):1974-1984)。例如，单域抗体可以来自羊驼。单域抗体可由重链可变区(VH)构成。术语“重链可变区”通常是指抗原结合片段的重链的氨基末端结构域。重链可变区可进一步被区分为称为互补决定区(CDR)的高变区，它们散布在成为框架区(FR)的更保守的区域中。每个重链可变区可由三个CDR和四个FR区构成，它们从氨基端至羧基端可按以下顺序排列：FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3和FR4。重链可变区含有与抗原相互作用的结合结构域。
在本申请中，术语“互补决定区”(CDR)通常是指在抗原结合片段可变区内的互补性决定区。在本申请中，所述重链可变区存在3个CDRs，所述CDRs对于每个可变区命名为HCDR1、HCDR2和HCDR3。这些CDRs的确切边界已根据不同系统不同地限定。由Kabat(Kabat等人，Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest(National Institutes of Health，Bethesda，Md.(1987)和(1991))描述的系统，不仅提供了可应用于抗原结合片段的任何可变区的明确残基编号系统，还提供了限定3个CDRs的精确残基边界。这些CDRs可以被称为Kabat CDRs。Chothia和同事(Chothia和Lesk，J.Mol.Biol.196：901-917(1987)以及Chothia等人，Nature 342：877-883(1989))发现尽管在氨基酸序列水平上具有大的多样性，但是Kabat CDRs内的某些亚部分采取几乎相同的肽主链构象。这些亚部分命名为L1、L2和L3或H1、H2和H3，其中“L”和“H”分别指轻链和重链区域。这些区域可以被称为Chothia CDRs，所述Chothia CDRs具有与Kabat CDRs重叠的边界。与Kabat CDRs重叠的限定CDRs的其他边界已由Padlan(FASEB J.9：133-139(1995))和MacCallum(J Mol Biol 262(5)：732-45(1996))描述。另外，其他的CDR边界定义可能不严格地遵循上述系统之一，但仍将与Kabat CDRs重叠，尽管按照特定残基或残基组或甚至整个CDRs并不显著影响抗原结合的预测或实验发现，它们可以缩短或加长。在本申请中，使用的是IMGT编号系统。
在本申请中，术语“FR”通常是指抗体可变结构域的更高度保守的部分，其被称为框架区。例如，天然重链和轻链的可变结构域各自可以包含四个FR区，即在VH中四个(H-FR1，H-FR2，H-FR3和H-FR4)，和在VL中四个(L-FR1，L-FR2，L-FR3和L-FR4)。“框架区”通常是指本领域识别的抗体可变区中存在于分歧性更高的(即高变)CDR之间的部分。此类框架区 典型地称为框架1至4(FR1、FR2、FR3和FR4)且提供用于在三维空间中呈现六个CDR(三个来自重链且三个来自轻链)的骨架，以形成抗原结合表面。
在本申请中，术语“同源性”通常可以等同于序列“同一性”。同源序列可以包括可以与主题序列是至少80％、85％、90％、99.1％、99.2％、99.3％、99.4％、99.5％、99.6％、99.7％、99.8％或99.9％相同的氨基酸序列。通常，同源物将包含与主题氨基酸序列相同的活性位点等。同源性可以根据相似性(即具有相似化学性质/功能的氨基酸残基)来考虑，也可以在序列同一性方面表达同源性。在本申请中，提及的氨基酸序列或核苷酸序列的SEQ ID NO中的任一项具有百分比同一性的序列是指在所提及的SEQ ID NO的整个长度上具有所述百分比同一性的序列。为了确定序列同一性，可进行序列比对，其可通过本领域技术人员了解的各种方式进行，例如，使用BLAST、BLAST-2、ALIGN、NEEDLE或Megalign(DNASTAR)软件等。本领域技术人员能够确定用于比对的适当参数，包括在所比较的全长序列中实现最优比对所需要的任何算法。
本申请中，术语“功能性变体”通常是指包括与其具有基本上相同的功能(例如，可以具备所述嵌合抗原受体的性质)，且与其具有至少85％(例如，至少85％，至少90％，至少91％，至少92％，至少93％，至少94％，至少95％，至少96％，至少97％，至少98％，至少99％，或至少100％)序列同一性的氨基酸序列。在某些实施方式中，所述氨基酸序列的变体为与其具有基本上相同的功能(例如，可以具备所述嵌合抗原受体的性质)，且在其基础上包含一个或多个(例如，1-2个、1-3个、1-4个、1-5个、1-6个、1-7个、1-8个、1-9个、1-10个或更多)氨基酸的取代、缺失或添加的氨基酸序列。
在本申请中，术语“特异性结合”在提及结合分子(例如抗体)与其结合配偶体(例如抗原)的相互作用时，通常是指该相互作用取决于结合配偶体上特定结构(例如抗原决定簇或表位)的存在。换言之，即使在结合配偶体存在于其他分子或有机体的混合物中时，抗体仍会优先结合或识别结合配偶体。结合可通过共价或非共价相互作用或二者的组合介导。换言之，术语“特异性结合”通常是指免疫特异性结合抗原决定簇或表位且不免疫特异性结合其他抗原决定簇或表位。免疫特异性结合抗原的结合分子可以较低亲和力结合其他肽或多肽，如通过(例如)放射免疫分析(RIA)、酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)、BIACORE或本领域中已知的其他分析所测定。免疫特异性结合抗原的结合分子或其片段可与带有相同表位的相关抗原交叉反应。在某些情形中，免疫特异性结合抗原的结合分子或其片段不与其他抗原交叉反应。
在本申请中，术语“KD”可与“KD”互换使用，通常是指特定的抗体-抗原相互作用的解离平衡常数，单位为M(mol/L)。KD可通过物质AB和其解离得到的物质A和物质B的浓度来 计算：KD＝c(A)*c(B)/c(AB)。由该公式可知，KD值越大，说明解离越多，代表物质A、B之间的亲和力越弱；反之，KD值越小，说明解离越少，代表物质A、B之间的亲和力越强。
如本领域技术人员将理解的，多种IL-15分子的序列是本领域已知的。在一个方面，IL-15是野生型IL-15。在一些方面，IL-15是哺乳类IL-15(例如，人(Homo sapiens)白介素15(IL15)、转录物变体3、mRNA、NCBI参考序列：NM_000585.4；家犬(canis lupusfamiliaris)白介素15、mRNA、NCBI参考序列：NM_001197188.1；家猫(Felis catus)白介素15(IL15)、mRNA、NCBI参考序列：NM_001009207.1)。“哺乳类”或“哺乳动物”的实例包括灵长类(例如，人)、犬科动物、猫科动物、啮齿动物、猪、反刍动物等。具体实例包括人、狗、猫、马、牛、绵羊、山羊、兔、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠。在一个具体方面，哺乳类IL-15是人IL-15。
在本申请中，术语“分离的”通常是指至少部分从在其天然状态中通常与其结合的其他分子中分离的分子(例如抗体、核酸等)。“分离的的多肽”基本上没有其他生物分子，如核酸、蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物、细胞碎片和生长培养基。“分离的的核酸”至少部分从在其天然状态中通常位于多核苷酸侧翼的核酸分离。
在本申请中，术语“分离的多肽”通常指含有多于一条不同多肽链的任何多肽。在一些实施方案中，所述分离的多肽包含两条多肽链，其分别包含嵌合抗原受体和增强子。在一些实施方案中，包含嵌合抗原受体的多肽链和包含增强子的多肽链可以通过一个或多个分子间键(包括而不限于二硫键)连接在一起形成两条或更多条多肽的大分子复合体。在一些实施方案中，所述分离的多肽可以包含多肽接头连接的两条不同多肽链(例如，嵌合抗原受体和增强子)的单一多肽。在这种情况下，所述多肽可以实体上代表单链，但是单链的两个或更多个部分可以在功能上如同它们作为两个独立多肽链那样发挥作用。在另一些实施方案中，所述接头是可切割的肽接头(例如2A肽)，在同一肽链上的嵌合抗原受体和增强子可以被切割为两条多肽链。
在本申请中，术语“分离的核酸分子”通常是指从其天然环境中分离的或人工合成的任何长度的分离形式的核苷酸、脱氧核糖核苷酸或核糖核苷酸或其类似物。
本文使用的“内部核糖体进入位点”或“IRES”指这样的元件：其促进内部核糖体直接进入顺反子(蛋白编码区域)的起始密码子如ATG，从而导致不依赖帽的基因的翻译。参见，例如Jackson等，1990.Trends Biochem Sci 15(12):477-83)以及Jackson和Kaminski.1995.RNA1(10):985-1000。在具体实施方案中，本发明考虑的载体包含编码一种或多种多肽的一个或多个目标多核苷酸。在具体实施方案中，为了实现多种多肽各自的有效翻译，多核苷酸序列 可以被一个或多个IRES序列或者编码自身切割多肽的多核苷酸序列间隔。
在本申请中，术语“自切割肽”或“编码自切割肽的序列”通常是指在载体中用于纳入促进核糖体跳跃的位点并由此从单个启动子产生两个多肽的连接序列，这类自切割肽包括但不限于T2A和P2A肽或编码自切割肽的序列。
在本申请中，术语“载体”通常是指能够在合适的宿主中自我复制的核酸分子，其将插入的核酸分子转移到宿主细胞中和/或宿主细胞之间。所述载体可包括主要用于将DNA或RNA插入细胞中的载体、主要用于复制DNA或RNA的载体，以及主要用于DNA或RNA的转录和/或翻译的表达的载体。所述载体还包括具有多种上述功能的载体。所述载体可以是当引入合适的宿主细胞时能够转录并翻译成多肽的多核苷酸。通常，通过培养包含所述载体的合适的宿主细胞，所述载体可以产生期望的表达产物。
在本申请中，术语“病毒载体”广泛用于指核酸分子(例如转移质粒)或介导核酸转移的病毒颗粒，核酸分子包括病毒衍生的通常促进核酸分子转移或整合到细胞基因组中的核酸元件。病毒颗粒通常包括各种病毒组件，有时还包括除核酸外的宿主细胞组件。病毒载体可以指能够将核酸转移到细胞中的病毒或病毒颗粒，或被转移的核酸本身。
在本申请中，术语“慢病毒”通常是指复杂逆转录病毒的组(或属)。示例性慢病毒包括但不限于：HIV(人免疫缺陷病毒；包括HIV 1型和HIV 2型)；维斯那-梅迪病毒(visna-maedivirus，VMV)病毒；山羊关节炎-脑炎病毒(CAEV)；马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)；猫免疫缺陷病毒(FIV)；牛免疫缺陷病毒(BIV)；和猿猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)。在一种实施方式中，基于HIV的载体骨架(即HIV顺式作用序列元件)是优选的。在特别的实施方式中，慢病毒用于将包含CAR的多核苷酸递送至细胞。
在本申请中，术语“宿主细胞”或“细胞”通常是指可以或已经含有包括本申请所述分离的核酸分子的载体，或者能够表达本申请所述分离的抗原结合片段的个体细胞，细胞系或细胞培养物。所述宿主细胞可以包括单个宿主细胞的子代。由于天然的，意外的或故意的突变，子代细胞与原始亲本细胞在形态上或在基因组上可能不一定完全相同，但能够表达本申请所述分离的抗原结合片段即可。所述宿主细胞可以通过使用本申请所述的载体体外转染细胞而得到。所述宿主细胞可以是原核细胞(例如大肠杆菌)，也可以是真核细胞(例如酵母细胞，例如COS细胞，中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞，HeLa细胞，HEK293细胞，COS-1细胞，NS0细胞或骨髓瘤细胞)。例如，所述的宿主细胞可以是大肠杆菌细胞。例如，所述的宿主细胞可以是酵母细胞。例如，所述的宿主细胞可以是哺乳动物细胞。例如，所述哺乳动物细胞可以是CHO-K1细胞。
在本申请中，术语“T细胞”或“T淋巴细胞”可以是任何T细胞，如培养T细胞，例如原代T细胞，或来自培养T细胞系的T细胞，或获自哺乳动物的T细胞(优选灵长类动物，物种，包括猴、狗或人)。如果获自哺乳动物，那么T细胞可以获自诸多来源，包括但不限于血液、骨髓、淋巴结、胸腺或其它组织或流体。T细胞还可以被富集或被化。T细胞可以通过在体外或体内将造血干细胞成熟化成T细胞而获得。在示范性方面中，T细胞是人类T细胞。在示范性方面中，T细胞是从人类中分离的T细胞。T细胞可以是任何类型的T细胞，包括NKT细胞，并且可以具有任何发育阶段，包括但不限于CD4+/CD8+双阳性T细胞；CDA+辅助T细胞；例如Th1和Th2细胞，CD8+T细胞(例如细胞毒性T细胞)；外周血液单核细胞(PBMC)；外周血液白细胞(PBL)；肿瘤浸润细胞(TIL)；记忆T细胞；未处理T细胞等等。优选地，T细胞是CD8+T细胞或CD4+T细胞。在一些替代方式中，T细胞与接受细胞或待接受细胞(例如所述细胞处于治疗组合物的形式)的接受受试者是同种异体的(来自相同物种的不同供体)；在一些替代方式中，T细胞是自体的(供体和接受者相同)；在一些替代方式中，T细胞是同基因的(syngeneic)(供体和接受者不同，但为同卵双胞胎)。
在本申请中，术语“自然杀伤细胞”(“NK细胞”)通常是指免疫系统的一种细胞毒性淋巴细胞。NK细胞对病毒感染的细胞提供迅速响应并且响应于转化细胞。通常来说，免疫细胞检测来自病原体的由被感染细胞表面上的主要组织相容性复合体(Major Histocompatibility Complex，MHC)分子呈递的肽，引发细胞因子释放、引起溶胞(lysis)或凋亡。然而，NK细胞是独特的，因为其具有识别应激细胞的能力，而不管来自病原体的肽是否存在于MHC分子上。因为它们不需要预先活化以杀死目标的最初见解，故它们被命名为“自然杀伤细胞”。NK细胞是大颗粒淋巴细胞(large granular lymphocyte，LGL)，并且已知在骨髓(然后它们在此进入循环)中分化并成熟。在一些实施方式中，NK细胞是哺乳类NK细胞。“哺乳类”或“哺乳动物”的实例包括灵长类(例如，人)、犬科动物(canine)、猫科动物(feline)、啮齿动物、猪、反刍动物等。具体实例包括人、狗、猫、马、牛、绵羊、山羊、兔、豚鼠、大鼠和小鼠。在一个实施方式中，哺乳类NK细胞是人NK细胞。
在本申请中，术语“免疫效应细胞”通常是指参与免疫应答，行使效应功能的免疫细胞。例如所述行使效应功能可以包括清除异物抗原或促进免疫效应子应答等。免疫效应细胞可以包括浆细胞、T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞、自然杀伤T(NKT)细胞、肥大细胞和骨髓源性吞噬细胞。
本申请的免疫效应细胞可以是自体/自身的(autologous/autogeneic)(“自己的”)或非自体的(“非自己的”，例如同种异体的、同基因的或异基因的)。在本申请中，术语“自体的”通常是 指来自相同受试者的细胞。“同种异体的”通常是指与相比较的为相同物种但在遗传上不同的细胞。“同基因的”通常是指在遗传上与相比较的细胞相同的不同受试者的细胞。“异基因的”通常是指物种与相比较的细胞不同的细胞。在一些实施方式中，本申请的细胞是自体的或同种异体的。
在本申请中，术语“修饰”通常是指改变细胞的状态或结构和/或细胞的状态或结构的改变。所述改变通常是与相应未经所述修饰的细胞的状态或结构相比，所述改变可以包括内源基因表达水平或功能的变化，例如通过基因工程手段使得细胞内源基因表达水平下调、上调或不表达，所述基因工程手段可以包括同源重组、CRISPR/Cas9系统基因编辑等；所述改变还可以包括细胞蛋白质表达、结构或功能的变化，例如通过所述内源基因表达水平或功能的变化而实现的相应蛋白质表达的变化、结构或功能的变化，例如通过调节蛋白质翻译、翻译后修饰而实现的蛋白质表达的变化、结构或功能的变化；所述改变还可以包括引入外源基因、表达外源蛋白质等。
在本申请中，术语“TRAC”通常是指T细胞受体α链恒定区(T cell receptor alpha con-stant)。T细胞受体(TCR)通常是指位于T细胞表面的特异性受体，能够识别与主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)分子结合的抗原。TCR通常由两条不同的蛋白质链组成(即异源二聚体)。在人类中，多数T细胞中的TCR由一条α链和一个β链(分别由TRA和TRB编码)组成，这一类T细胞被称为αβT细胞，少数的的T细胞中，TCR由γ链和δ链(分别由TRG和TRD编码)组成，这一类T细胞被称为γδT细胞。通常情况下，αβT细胞约占T细胞总数的95％，γδT细胞约占T细胞总数的5％，该比率在个体发育过程中和患病状态(例如白血病)中发生变化，物种之间也有所不同。组成TCR的每一条链都含有可变区与恒定区，在人类中，编码α链的基因(TRA，例如HGNC:12027所示的信息)位于14号染色体，由多基因片段构成，包括可变段(V)、连接段(J)以及恒定区(C)，TRAC基因通常是指编码T细胞受体α链恒定区(C)的基因序列(例如HGNC:12029所示的信息)，其位于14号染色体(14q11.2；14：22,547,505-22,552,131)。通常编码N段抗原识别域的可变段(V)基因中的1个与连接段(J)中的一个重排产生一个功能性V区外显子，该外显子被转录并通过剪接与恒定区(C)连接，从而形成T细胞受体α链编码序列。
在本申请中，术语“主要组织相容性复合物抗原”(“MHC”，在人类的情况下也称为“人类白细胞抗原”(“HLA”))通常是指在细胞表面上表达的赋予细胞独特抗原身份的蛋白质。MHC/HLA抗原是被T细胞和NK细胞识别为源自于与免疫效应细胞相同的造血干细胞来源(“自身”)或识别为源自于另一种造血重建细胞来源(“非自身”)的靶分子。识别了两种主要类别 的HLA抗原：HLA I类和HLA II类。HLA I类抗原(人类中的A、B、C)使每个细胞都可被识别为“自身”，而HLA II类抗原(人类中的DR、DP和DQ)参与淋巴细胞和抗原呈递细胞之间的反应。两者都已经与移植器官的排斥有牵涉。HLA基因系统的一个重要方面是其多态性。每个基因，MHC I类(A、B和C)和MHC II类(DP、DQ和DR)存在着不同的等位基因。HLA等位基因由数字和下标表示。例如，两个不相关的个体可能分别携带I类HLA-B基因B5和Bw41。等位基因产物在α和/或β结构域的一个或更多个氨基酸中有差异。大量的特异性抗体或核酸试剂被用于使用表达I类和II类分子的白细胞对个体的HLA单倍型进行分型。通常用于HLA分型的基因是六种MHC I类和II类蛋白，即HLA-A；HLA-B和HLA-DR各自有两个等位基因。HLA基因簇集在存在于染色体位置6p21上的“超级基因座”中，所述“超级基因座”编码在免疫系统以及一些其他的基本分子和细胞过程的调控中具有重要作用的6个经典的移植HLA基因和至少132个蛋白质编码基因。完整的基因座粗略度量为3.6Mb，具有至少224个基因座。这种簇集的一个效果是“单倍型”，即存在于单条染色体上的一组等位基因，是从一个亲本遗传来的，倾向于作为一组进行遗传。从每个亲本遗传来的一组等位基因形成一个单倍型，其中一些等位基因倾向于关联在一起。鉴定患者的单倍型可以帮助预测找到匹配供体的概率，并且帮助制定搜索策略，因为一些等位基因和单倍型比其他等位基因和单倍型更常见，而且它们在不同种族和民族中分布的频率不同。
在本申请中，“HLA-A”通常是指一类人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigens)多肽链，由位于人类染色体6p21.3的HLA-A基因(例如HGNC:4931所示的信息)编码。HLA-A是构成人类细胞表面I类MHC分子的三种主要多肽类型之一，其他还包括HLA-B和HLA-C。由HLA-A基因编码的α链和B2M基因编码的β链(β2-微球蛋白)组成的异二聚体即为HLA-A类MHC I分子。所述由HLA-A基因编码的α链可以包含α1结构域、α2结构域域、α3结构域、跨膜区以及胞质区，其中α1结构域、α2结构域可以与肽段结合从而由MHC I分子(例如HLA-A类)将所述肽段呈递给免疫系细胞。在人类中，与大多数哺乳动物相似，MHC I分子的α链为多态性的，其一级结构有较多变化，截至2013年12月，共有2432个已知的HLA-A等位基因，编码1740个活性蛋白和117个无效蛋白。在本申请中，HLA-A等位基因可以包括IMGT/HLA数据库3.38.0版(https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/)收录的由WHO HLA因子命名委员会命名的不同HLA-A等位基因的序列信息。
在本申请中，术语“HLA-B”通常是指人类白细胞抗原(HLA)复合物的基因家族的一部分。HLA是主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的人类版本，MHC是一个存在于许多物种中的基因家族。在这个复杂的基因被分为三个基本组：I类，II类和III类。在人类中，HLA-B基因和两 个相关基因HLA-A和HLA-C是MHC I类的主要基因。HLA-B基因位于6号染色体短(p)臂的细胞带21.3，从碱基对31,353,871到31,357,211。HLA-B是供者和受者之间应匹配的三个主要HLA之一。它们是HLA-A、HLA-B(均为I类MHC)和HLA-DR(II类MHC)。如果这两种组织具有编码这三种HLA的相同基因，那么排斥的可能性和严重程度就会降到最低。HLA-B的数百个版本(等位基因)是已知的，每个版本都有一个特定的编号(例如HLA-B27)。密切相关的等位基因被归类在一起；例如，至少有28个非常相似的等位基因是HLA-B27的亚型。这些亚型被指定为HLA-B*2701至HLA-B*2728。
在本申请中，术语“HLA匹配的”是指其中供体和受体之间HLA抗原没有不匹配的供体-受体对，所述供体诸如向需要造血干细胞移植疗法的受体提供造血干细胞移植物的供体。HLA匹配的(即其中所有6个等位基因都是匹配的)供体-受体对具有降低的移植物排斥的风险，原因是内源性T细胞和NK细胞不太可能将进入的移植物识别为外来的，并且因此不太可能产生针对移植物的免疫应答。
在本申请中，术语“HLA不匹配的”是指其中供体和受体之间至少一种HLA抗原(特别是对于HLA-A、HLA-B和HLA-DR)是不匹配的供体-受体对，所述供体诸如向需要造血干细胞移植疗法的受体提供造血干细胞移植物的供体。在一些实施方案中，一个单倍型是匹配的，而另一个是不匹配的。HLA不匹配的供体-受体对相对于HLA匹配的供体-受体对可能具有增加的移植物排斥的风险，原因是在HLA不匹配的供体-受体对的情况下，内源性T细胞和NK细胞更可能将进入的移植物识别为外来的，并且这样的T细胞和NK细胞因此更可能产生针对移植物的免疫应答。
在本申请中，术语“B2M”通常是指是β2微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin)，是MHC I类分子的组成部分之一。β2微球蛋白(也称为β链)可以与HLA编码的α链组成MHC I类的分子。B2M通常在所有有核的细胞中都有表达。在人类中，β2微球蛋白由位于15q21.1的B2M基因(例如HGNC:914所示的信息)所编码。
在本申请中，术语“CIITA”通常是指Ⅱ类主要组织相容性复合体(MHCⅡ)的反式激活因子。所述反式激活因子可以是具有酸性转录激活结构域、4个LRR(富含亮氨酸的重复序列)和GTP结合结构域的蛋白质。所述蛋白质可位于细胞核中，作为II类主要组织相容性复合体(MHCⅡ)基因转录的正向调节剂，被称为表达这些基因的“主控制因子”。该蛋白质还可结合GTP，并利用与GTP结合来使其自身转运到细胞核中，在细胞核中，其通常使通过乙酰转移酶(AT)活性以类似共激活剂的方式起作用。在人类中，所述蛋白质由位于16p13.13的基因(例如HGNC:7067所示的信息)编码，能够产生几种编码不同同工型的转录物变体。
在本申请中，术语“野生型细胞”通常是指自然存在的或者自然来源的细胞。
在本申请中，术语“核酸”或“多核苷酸”或“核酸分子”通常时指脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)或核糖核酸(RNA)及其单链形式或双链形式的聚合物。除非特别限定，否则该术语可以包括含天然核苷酸的类似物的核酸，所述核酸具有与参考核酸(例如示出了序列信息)相似的结合特性并且按照与天然存在核苷酸相似的方式代谢。除非另外说明，核酸的序列可以包括其保守方式修饰的变体，例如简并密码子置换、等位基因、直向同源物、SNP和互补序列，以及明确指出的序列。
在本申请中，术语“表达”通常是指特定核苷酸序列的转录和/或翻译。
在本申请中，术语“基因突变”通常是指基因在结构上发生的碱基对组成或排列顺序的改变。例如单个碱基改变所引起的点突变，或多个碱基的缺失、重复和插入等。
在本申请中，术语“基因沉默”通常是指通过调节机制阻止某些基因的表达。主要可以包括两种：一种是由于DNA甲基化、异染色质化以及位置效应等因素引起的转录水平上的基因沉默(transcriptional gene silencing,TGS)，另一种是转录后基因沉默(post-transcriptional gene silencing,PTGS)，即在基因转录后的水平上通过对靶标RNA进行特异性干预而影响基因的表达。通常情况下当基因沉默时，相应基因表达下调/减少。而当基因被敲除时则通常表现为不表达，例如在细胞中，某种特定基因的所有等位基因均被敲除后则表现为该基因的表达消失。基因沉默通常被认为是一种基因敲低机制，通用于沉默基因的方法可以如RNAi等。
在本申请中，术语“内源”指来自生物、细胞、组织或系统或在其内部产生的任何物质。
在本申请中，术语“外源”指从生物、细胞、组织或系统外部引入或在其外部产生的任何物质。
在本申请中，术语“反义RNA”通常是指一种与转录产物mRNA(信使RNA)互补的单链RNA。反义RNA可通过与mRNA的结合抑制基因的表达。例如，反义RNA与靶mRNA结合后引起该双链RNA分子对RNA酶Ⅲ的敏感性增加，使其降解；例如，反义RNA与mRNA的上游非编码区结合，从而直接抑制靶mRNA的翻译。
在本申请中，术语“siRNA”通常是指Small interfering RNA(小干扰RNA)或short in-terfering RNA(短干扰RNA)的缩写。siRNA是一类双链非编码RNA分子，长度约为18-28个碱基对，可通过与mRNA的互补结合引起mRNA的降解从而干扰特定基因的表达。在某些实施方式中，siRNA可以是长双链RNA或shRNA经Dicer酶处理得到的产物。在某些实施方式中，siRNA进入细胞与其他蛋白质形成RNA诱导沉默复合体(RISC)，有义链发生降 解，反义链可与互补的靶向序列结合，从而实现基因沉默。
在本申请中，术语“shRNA”通常是指short hairpin RNA的缩写，即“短发夹RNA”。shRNA通常包括两个短反向重复序列，中间由一茎环(loop)序列分隔，组成发夹结构。通常还可以包括5-6个T碱基作为RNA聚合酶Ⅲ的转录终止子。在某些实施方式中，shRNA可经由病毒载体或质粒进入细胞中，在聚合酶Ⅱ或聚合酶Ⅲ的作用下进行转录，转录产物自细胞核输出(通常可经由Exportin 5)后经Dicer处理后输送至RISC，有义链发生降解，反义链可与互补的靶向序列结合，从而实现基因沉默。
在本申请中，术语“CRISPR/Cas系统”通常是指包含RNA引导的核酸酶或其他效应分子和gRNA分子的一组分子，所述分子能够指引和实现由RNA引导的核酸酶或其他效应分子在靶序列处修饰核酸，例如引起靶序列降解。在某些实施方式中，CRISPR系统包含gRNA和Cas蛋白，例如，Cas9蛋白。包含Cas9或其功能性突变体的系统在本申请中称作“Cas9系统”或“CRISPR/Cas9系统”。在某些实施方式中，gRNA分子和Cas分子可以复合，以形成核糖核蛋白(RNP)复合体。
在本申请中，术语“gRNA分子”或“向导RNA”、“指导RNA”、“指引RNA”、“向导RNA分子”、“gRNA”可互换使用，通常是指能够促进特异性指引RNA引导的核酸酶或其他效应分子(一般与gRNA分子复合)至靶序列上的核酸分子。在某些实施方案中，通过gRNA的一部分与DNA(例如，通过gRNA导引结构域)杂交并且通过gRNA分子的一部分与RNA指导的核酸酶或其他效应分子结合(例如，至少通过gRNAtracr)实现所述引导。在某些实施方案中，gRNA分子由单一的连续多核苷酸分子组成，在本文中称作“单一向导RNA”或“sgRNA”等。在其他实施方案中，gRNA分子由本身能够缔合(一般通过杂交)的多个(例如二个)多核苷酸分子组成，在本文中称作“双重向导RNA”或“dgRNA”等。
在本申请中，术语“Cas蛋白”通常是指CRISPR/Cas系统中负责剪切DNA的酶。可以包括来自Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型CRISPR/Cas系统的酶。例如，Cas3、Cas9、Cas10。
在本申请中，术语“Cas9蛋白”通常是指负责剪切DNA的来自细菌II型CRISPR/Cas系统的酶。Cas9可以包括野生型蛋白及其有功能性突变体。
在本申请中，“等位基因”通常是指基因座上的基因序列可能具有的不同变化的形式。基因座也称作基因位点或位点，是指染色体上的固定位置，例如某个基因所在。基因座在基因组中的排列位置称为基因图谱(genetic map)。
在本申请中，术语“纯合子”通常是指同源染色体在同一基因座上的两个等位基因相同的基因型个体。一对相对基因可以有AA和aa两种基因型的个体。
在本申请中，术语“杂合子”通常是指二倍体中同源染色体同一位点上的两个等位基因不相同的基因型个体，如Aa。杂合基因型一般比纯合显性或纯合隐性基因型的适应性都要高，这种现象被称为杂合子优势。
在本申请中，术语“肿瘤”和“癌症”可以互换地使用，通常是指以异常细胞快速且失控生长为特征的疾病。癌细胞可以局部地或通过血流和淋巴系统扩散到身体其他部分。本文中描述了各种癌症的例子并且它们包括但不限于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、皮肤癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、肾癌、肝癌、脑癌、淋巴瘤、白血病、肺癌等。术语“癌症”或“肿瘤”包括恶变前以及恶性癌症和肿瘤，还涵盖实体瘤和非实体肿瘤。
在本申请中，术语“药学上可接受的”通常是指代与合理的益处/风险比相称、在合理医学判断范围内适合用于与人类和动物的组织接触而不具有过度毒性、刺激、过敏应答或其它问题或并发症的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
在本申请中，术语“药学上可接受的载剂”通常是指常规使用的那些载剂中的任一种，并且仅受到物理-化学考虑因素(如溶解性和与活性结合剂的反应性的缺乏)限制，并且受给药途径限制。本文所描述的药学上可接受的载剂，例如媒剂、佐剂、赋形剂和稀释剂为所属领域的技术人员所熟知并且公众可容易获得。在一个方面中，药学上可接受的载剂是对医药组合物的活性成分具有化学惰性的载剂，并且是在使用条件下不具有不利的副作用或毒性的载剂。在一些实施例中，当向动物或人类给予时，载剂不产生不良、过敏或其它不适当的反应。在一些方面中，医药组合物不含热原质以及会对人类或动物有害的其它杂质。药学上可接受的载剂包括任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、涂料、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、等张剂和吸收延迟剂等等；其用途在所属领域中是众所周知。
可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂对接受者无毒性并且优选在所采用的剂量和浓度下是惰性的，并且包括缓冲夜，如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐或其它有机酸；抗氧化剂，如抗坏血酸；低分子量多肽；蛋白质，如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白；亲水性聚合物，如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮；氨基酸，如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、精氨酸或赖氨酸；单糖、双糖和其它碳水化合物，包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精；螯合剂，如EDTA；糖醇，如甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇；盐形成抗衡离子，如钠；和/或非离子表面活性剂，如Tween、Pluronics或聚乙二醇(PEG)。
在本申请中，术语“有效量”或“有效剂量”通常是指足以实现或至少部分实现所需效果的量。药物或治疗剂的“治疗有效量”或“治疗有效剂量”通常是当单独使用或与另一种治疗剂组合使用时促进疾病消退(这通过疾病症状严重程度的降低、疾病无症状期的频度和持续时间的增加、或者由于罹患疾病而引起的损害或残疾的预防来证明)的任何药物量。
抗B7H3 CAR-T细胞的“治疗有效量”或“有效量”也是治疗有益效果超过抗B7H3 CAR-T细胞的任何毒性或有害作用例如CRS的量或剂量。术语“治疗有效量”包含有效“治疗”受试者(例如，患者)的量。在一个实施例中，治疗有效剂量是用于治疗受试者的多发性骨髓瘤的抗B7H3 CAR-T细胞的最小有效剂量(MED)。在一个实施例中，治疗有效剂量是不会导致受试者有无法解决的CRS的抗B7H3 CAR-T细胞的最大耐受剂量(MTD)。
在本申请中，术语“包括”通常是指包含、总括、含有或包涵的含义。在某些情况下，也表示“为”、“由……组成”的含义。
在本申请中，术语“约”通常是指在指定数值以上或以下0.5％-10％的范围内变动，例如在指定数值以上或以下0.5％、1％、1.5％、2％、2.5％、3％、3.5％、4％、4.5％、5％、5.5％、6％、6.5％、7％、7.5％、8％、8.5％、9％、9.5％、或10％的范围内变动。
在本申请中，术语“受试者”通常是指人类或非人类动物，包括但不限于猫、狗、马、猪、奶牛、羊、兔、小鼠、大鼠或猴等。
发明详述
B7H3结合多肽
一方面，本申请提供一种分离的B7H3结合多肽，其包含靶向B7H3的第一重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-1)和第二重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-2)，其中所述VHH-1包含与SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列的HCDR1，与SEQ ID NO:3所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列的HCDR2，与SEQ ID NO:5所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列的HCDR3；
所述VHH-2包含与SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列的HCDR1，与SEQ ID NO:4所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列的HCDR2，与SEQ ID NO:6所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列的HCDR3。
例如，所述B7H3结合多肽包含靶向B7H3的第一重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-1)和第二重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-2)，其中所述VHH-1可以包含如SEQ ID NO:1所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:3所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:5所示的HCDR3；所述VHH-2可以包含如SEQ ID NO:2所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:4所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:6所示的HCDR3。
在某些实施方式中，所述VHH-1包含重链框架区1(HFR1)、重链框架区2(HFR2)、重链框架区3(HFR3)和重链框架区4(HFR4)，所述HFR1包含与SEQ ID NO:7或SEQ ID NO:8所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。所述HFR2包含与SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。所述HFR3包含与SEQ ID NO:13或SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。所述HFR4包含与SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述VHH-2包含重链框架区1(HFR1)、重链框架区2(HFR2)、重链框架区3(HFR3)和重链框架区4(HFR4)，所述HFR1包含SEQ ID NO:9或SEQ ID NO:10所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。所述HFR2包含与SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。所述HFR3包含与SEQ ID NO:14或SEQ ID NO:15所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。所述HFR4包含与SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述VHH-1包含HFR1、HFR2、HFR3和HFR4，且所述HFR1、HFR2、HFR3和HFR4可以选自：
i)包含SEQ ID NO:7所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:13所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；和
ii)包含SEQ ID NO:8所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4。
例如，所述VHH-2包含HFR1、HFR2、HFR3和HFR4，且所述HFR1、HFR2、HFR3和HFR4可以选自：
i)包含SEQ ID NO:9所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:15所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；和
ii)包含SEQ ID NO:10所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4。
在某些实施方式中，所述VHH-1包含与EQ ID NO:18或SEQ ID NO:19所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。例如，所述VHH-1可以包含EQ ID NO:18或SEQ ID NO:19所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述VHH-2包含与SEQ ID NO:20或SEQ ID NO:21所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。例如，所述VHH-2可以包含SEQ ID NO:20或SEQ ID NO:21所示的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述B7H3结合多肽包含靶向B7H3的第一重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-1)和第二重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-2)，其中所述VHH-1包含如SEQ ID NO:18或SEQ ID NO:19所示的氨基酸序列，和/或所述VHH-2包含如SEQ ID NO:20或SEQ ID NO:21所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-1和/或VHH-2包括人抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述VHH-1与VHH-2直接连接或者通过接头(linker)连接。
在某些实施方式中，自N端至C端，其中所述B7H3结合多肽依次包含：i)VHH-1-linker-VHH-2；或ii)VHH-2-linker-VHH-1。
根据本发明的术语“肽连接子”或“linker”定义这样的氨基酸序列：通过所述氨基酸序列，本发明的B7H3结合多肽的VHH-1和第VHH-2的氨基酸序列彼此相连。这种肽连接子的必要技术特征在于所述肽连接子不包含任何的聚合活性。对肽连接子优选的氨基酸残基 包括Gly、Ser和Thr，特征在于长度为5至25个氨基酸残基。合适的肽连接子包括在美国专利4,751,180和4,935,233或WO88/09344中描述的那些。肽连接子的优选实施方案的特征在于氨基酸序列Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser，即Gly4Ser，或其聚合物，即(Gly4Ser)x，其中x是整数1或更大。所述肽连接子的特征，包括不促进二级结构，是本领域中已知的并且例如描述于Dall'Acqua等人(Biochem.(1998)37,9266-9273)、Cheadle等人(MolImmunol(1992)29,21-30)以及Raag和Whitlow(FASEB(1995)9(1),73-80)。还不促进任何二级结构的肽连接子是优选的。如实施例中所述，例如通过基因工程提供所述结构域与彼此的连接。用于制备融合和可操作地连接双特异性单链构建体和在哺乳动物细胞或细菌中表达它们的方法在本领域中是公知的(例如WO99/54440或Sambrook等人,Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,NewYork,2001)。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述接头包含SEQ ID NO:22所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述B7H3结合多肽包含与SEQ ID NO:23，SEQ ID NO:24，SEQ ID NO:26和SEQ ID NO:25中任一项具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述B7H3结合多肽包含SEQ ID NO:23，SEQ ID NO:24，SEQ ID NO:26和SEQ ID NO:25中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
嵌合抗原受体
一方面，本申请提供一种靶向B7H3的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)，其包含胞外抗原结合结构域(靶向部分)，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含至少两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。例如，所述胞外抗原结合结构域可以包含两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包括前述的B7H3结合多肽。
例如，所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含第一重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-1)和第二重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-2)，其中所述VHH-1包含如SEQ ID NO:1所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:3所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:5所示的HCDR3；和/或所述VHH-2包含如SEQ ID NO:2所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:4所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:6所示的HCDR3。
又例如，所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含VHH-1和VHH-2，其中所述VHH-1可以包含如SEQ ID NO:18或SEQ ID NO:19所示的氨基酸序列，和/或所述VHH-2可以包含如SEQ ID NO:20或SEQ ID NO:21所示的氨基酸序列。
又例如，所述胞外抗原结合结构域可以包含SEQ ID NO:23，SEQ ID NO:24，SEQ ID NO:26和SEQ ID NO:25中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体还包含跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，所述跨膜域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的跨膜域：CD8A、CD8B、CD28、CD3ε(CD3e)、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、PD-1、TRAC、TRBC、CD3ζ、CTLA-4、LAG-3、CD5、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、2B4(CD244)、FcεRIγ、BTLA、CD30、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、CD2、NKG2C、LIGHT、DAP12，CD40L(CD154)、TIM1、CD226、DR3、CD45、CD80、CD86、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64和SLAM。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含源自CD8A的跨膜域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含与SEQ ID NO:62至SEQ ID NO:110中任一项所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述跨膜域包含与SEQ ID NO:62所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，其中所述跨膜域可以包含SEQ ID NO:62所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域：CD28、CD137、CD27、CD2、CD7、CD8A、CD8B、OX40、CD226、DR3、SLAM、CDS、ICAM-1、NKG2D、NKG2C、B7-H3、2B4、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、DAP12、CD30、CD40、CD40L、TIM1、PD-1、LFA-1、LIGHT、JAML、CD244、CD100、ICOS、CD40和MyD88。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域源自4-1BB的共刺激信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含与SEQ ID NO:111至SEQ ID NO:143中任一项所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含与SEQ ID NO:112所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域可以包含SEQ ID NO:112所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内信号转导结构域：CD3ζ、CD3δ、CD3γ、CD3ε、CD79a、CD79b、FceRIγ、FceRIβ、FcγRIIa、牛白血病病毒gp30、Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)LMP2A、猿免疫缺陷病毒PBj14 Nef、DAP10、DAP-12和至少包含一个ITAM的结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自CD3ζ的信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含与SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:131、SEQ ID NO:132、SEQ ID NO:144至SEQ ID NO:154中任一项所示的氨基酸序列中任一项所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含与SEQ ID NO:144所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域可以包含SEQ ID NO:144所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其在靶向部分和跨膜域之间包括铰链区，所述铰链区包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的铰链区：CD28、IgG1、IgG4、IgD、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、CD8A、PD-1、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、NKG2C、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、DAP10、TIM1、SLAM、CD30和LIGHT。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含源自CD8A的铰链区。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含与SEQ ID NO:155至SEQ ID NO:176中任一项所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含与SEQ ID NO:155所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述铰链区可以包含SEQ ID NO:163所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分包括铰链区，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域与胞内信号转导结构域。例如，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分可以包含CD8A分子跨膜域、CD8A的铰链区、4-1BB的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和CD3ζ胞内信号传导结构域。
例如，所述嵌合抗原受体以本申请的B7H3结合多肽为胞外抗原结合结构域，通过 CD8A分子铰链区和跨膜域与胞内信号传导结构域相连接，胞内信号传导结构域由4-1BB胞内共刺激信号传导结构域与CD3ζ胞内信号转导结构域组成。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分包含与SEQ ID NO:27所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。例如，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分可以包含SEQ ID NO:27所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的嵌合抗原受体还包含信号肽片段，所述信号肽片段的C端与所述靶向部分的N端连接。例如，所述嵌合抗原受体可以包括CAR包括信号肽、抗B7H3VHH、CD8A铰链结构域、CD8A跨膜结构域、4-1BB共刺激结构域和CD3ζ主信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，所述信号肽片段包括CD8A信号肽片段。
在某些实施方式中，所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述信号肽片段包含与SEQ ID NO:28所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。例如所述信号肽片段可以包含SEQ ID NO:28所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的嵌合抗原受体依次包含，信号肽，胞外抗原结合结构域，铰链区，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域为本申请所述的B7H3结合多肽。
例如，所述嵌合抗原受体的可以包含CD8A信号肽，本申请的B7H3结合多肽，CD8A分子跨膜域、CD8A的铰链区、4-1BB的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和CD3ζ胞内信号传导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体包含与SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述嵌合抗原受体可以包含SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
分离的多肽
另一方面，本申请提供了一种或多种分离多肽，其包含本申请所述的嵌合抗原受体和能够增强免疫效应细胞的一种或多种活性的增强子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子是膜嵌合的细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子选自IL-2，IL-3，IL-4，IL-6，IL-7，IL-8，IL-10，IL-11，IL-12，IL-15，IL-17，IL-18，IL-21，IL-23，其受体，其功能变体及它们的组合。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括IL-15或其功能变体，或包含IL-15受体(IL-15R)的嵌合细胞因子受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包括膜嵌合的IL-15(mIL-15)。
例如，所述多肽可以包含所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述嵌合抗原受体包含抗原结合结构域和非抗原结合结构域，其中所述非抗原结合结构域包括CD28的胞外域、跨膜域和胞内共刺激结构域或其功能性变体，以及CD3ζ的信号传导结构域或其功能性变体；和膜嵌合的IL-15。
例如，所述多肽可以包含所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述嵌合抗原受体包含B7H3结合结构域和非抗原结合结构域，其中所述非抗原结合结构域包括CD28的胞外域、跨膜域和胞内共刺激结构域或其功能性变体，以及CD3ζ的信号传导结构域或其功能性变体；和膜嵌合的IL-15。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述增强子包含SEQ ID NO:46所示的氨基酸序列或与SEQ ID NO:46所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约50％，约60％，约70％，约80％，约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述多肽可以包含所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述嵌合抗原受体可以包含SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列；和增强子，所述增强子可以包含SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子分别位于不同的多肽中。
在某些实施方式中，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子位于同一多肽中。例如，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子可以直接连接或间接连接。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子通过接头连接。例如，自N端至C端，所述多肽可以包含如下结构：i)嵌合抗原受体，接头和增强子；或ii)增强子，接头和嵌合抗原受体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述接头包括可切割的接头。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述接头包括自切割肽。
在某些实施方式中，所述自切割肽包含2A肽的自切割氨基酸序列，所述2A肽是来自猪捷申病毒-1(P2A)、马鼻炎A病毒(E2A)、明脉扁刺蛾(Thosea asigna)病毒(T2A)、口蹄疫病毒(F2A)或它们的任意组合(参见，例如，Kim等人，PLOS One 6：e18556，2011，所述2A核酸和氨基酸序列通过引用整体并入本文)。
例如，所述多肽可以包含所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述嵌合抗原受体包含抗原结合结构域和非抗原结合结构域，其中所述非抗原结合结构域包括CD8A的铰链区、CD8A分子跨膜域、4-1BB的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和CD3ζ胞内信号传导结构域；和IL-15或其功能变体，所述嵌合抗原受体和所述mIL-15可以通过T2A连接。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述接头包含SEQ ID NO:44所示的氨基酸序列或与SEQ ID NO:44所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约50％，约60％，约70％，约80％，约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
例如，所述多肽可以包含所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述嵌合抗原受体可以包含SEQ ID NO:33-36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列；和增强子，所述增强子可以包含SEQ ID NO:46或54所示的氨基酸序列；所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子可以通过自切割肽连接，所述接头可以包含SEQ ID NO:44所示的氨基酸序列。
又例如，其中所述多肽包含SEQ ID NO:241或243所示的氨基酸序列或与SEQ ID NO:241或243所示的氨基酸序列具有至少约50％，约60％，约70％，约80％，约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
核酸分子、载体、细胞
另一方面，本申请提供一种或多种分离的核酸分子，其编码前述的B7H3结合多肽，前述的嵌合抗原受体，或前述多肽。
在某些实施方式中，所述的分离的核酸分子包含与SEQ ID NO:240或SEQ ID NO:242所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
另一方面，本申请提供一种载体，其包含前述的分离的核酸分子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述载体是表达载体。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述载体选自DNA载体、RNA载体、质粒、慢病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体和逆转录病毒载体。例如，所述载体可以是慢病毒载体。
另一方面，本申请提供一种细胞，i)包含前述的分离的核酸分子或前述的载体；和/或ii) 表达前述的B7H3结合多肽或嵌合抗原受体。
免疫效应细胞
另一方面，本申请提供一种免疫效应细胞，其包含前述的所述的核酸分子或前述的载体，和/或表达前述的CAR。
在某些实施方式中，所述的免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。例如，所述免疫效应细胞可以是T细胞。又例如，所述免疫效应细胞可以是人T细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括自体或非自体的免疫效应细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述的免疫效应细胞包括经修饰的免疫效应细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞包括降低同种异体细胞治疗引起的免疫排斥反应的细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞中的T细胞抗原受体(TCR)和主要组织相容性复合体(MHCI，MHCII)在T细胞中的功能受到抑制。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A、HLA-B、B2M和CIITA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A和HLA-B。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC和HLA-A。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC和HLA-A。
在某些实施方式中，所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经修饰的相应细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经修饰的相应细胞相比，TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经所述修饰的相应细胞相比， CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经所述修饰的相应细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括：基因敲除、基因突变和/或基因沉默。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫效应细胞中两个TRAC等位基因中的任意一个被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中两个TRAC等位基因被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-A基因外显子被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含与SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因 外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含与SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含与SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
在某些实施方式中，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述反义RNA包含与SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞为HLA-B纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞为HLA-A纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-A纯合子或杂合子包括HLA-A*02纯合子，HLA-A*11纯合子，HLA-A*02/A*11杂合子或HLA-A*24纯合子。
另一方面，本申请提供一种制备免疫效应细胞的方法，其包括向免疫效应细胞中引入前述的核酸分子或前述的载体。
在某些实施方式中，所述的方法还包括：在向免疫效应细胞中引入前述的核酸分子或前述的载体之前/之后，修饰所述免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，所述的方法包括：在向免疫效应细胞中引入前述的核酸分子或前述 的载体之后，修饰所述免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
例如，所述制备免疫效应细胞的方法可以包括：
(1)向免疫效应细胞中引入前述的核酸分子或前述的载体；
(2)修饰所述免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A、HLA-B、B2M和CIITA。
在某些实施方式中，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，下调所述免疫效应细胞中TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性。
在某些实施方式中，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，所述免疫效应细胞的TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括：基因敲除、基因突变和/或基因沉默。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫效应细胞中两个TRAC等位基因中的任意一个被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中两个TRAC等位基因被敲除并且两个HLA-A等位基因中的任意一个被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-A基因外显子被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除，HLA-A基因外显子被敲除，并且HLA-B基因外显子被敲除。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的 物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含与SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含与SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
在某些实施方式中，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述反义RNA包含与SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列具有至少约90％，约91％，约92％，约93％，约94％，约95％，约96％，约97％，约98％，约99％，约99.5％同一性的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。例如，所述免疫效应细胞可以是T细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括自体或非自体的免疫效应细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述细胞为HLA-B纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合 子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述细胞为HLA-A纯合子或杂合子细胞。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-A纯合子或杂合子包括HLA-A*02纯合子，HLA-A*11纯合子，HLA-A*02/A*11杂合子或HLA-A*24纯合子。
例如，所述制备免疫效应细胞的方法可以包括：
(1)采集健康人的外周血，进行HLA分型检测，选取符合我们需要的分型，进行PBMC的分离，按照比例加入CD3磁珠孵育，进行CD3+T细胞分选；将CD3/CD28抗体偶联磁珠混匀，按计算的量取出适量磁珠悬液加入到T细胞培养体系中，激活T细胞，过夜培养；
(2)根据B7H3 CAR病毒的滴度感染T细胞；
(3)同时敲除TRAC和HLA-A基因；
(4)CD3阴性T细胞分选：按照比例加入CD3磁珠，收集CD3-T细胞(磁珠未结合的细胞)。
用途、药物组合物与治疗方法
另一方面，本申请提供前述的嵌合抗原受体，前述的分离的核酸分子，前述的载体，前述的细胞，或前述的免疫效应细胞在制备CAR-T细胞中的应用。
另一方面，本申请提供一种药物组合物，其包含前述的B7H3结合多肽，前述的嵌合抗原受体，前述的分离的核酸分子，前述的载体，前述的细胞，和/或前述的免疫效应细胞，以及任选地药学上可接受的载剂。
例如，药物组合物可以包括：缓冲液，如中性缓冲盐水、磷酸盐缓冲盐水等；糖类，如葡萄糖、甘露糖、蔗糖或葡聚糖、甘露醇；蛋白质；多肽或如甘氨酸等氨基酸；抗氧化剂；螯合剂，如EDTA或谷胱甘肽；佐剂(例如，氢氧化铝)；以及防腐剂。
例如，所述药物组合物包括前述的免疫效应细胞以及任选地药学上可接受的载剂。
另一方面，本申请提供前述的B7H3结合多肽，前述的抗原嵌合受体，前述的分离的核酸分子，前述的载体，前述的细胞，前述的免疫效应细胞，和/或前述的药物组合物，其用于治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
另一方面，本申请提供前述的B7H3结合多肽，前述的抗原嵌合受体，前述的分离的核酸分子，前述的载体，前述的细胞，前述的免疫效应细胞，和/或前述的药物组合物在制备药物中的用途，所述药物用于治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
另一方面，本申请提供一种预防或治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症的方法，其包括向有需要的受试者施用有效量的前述的B7H3结合多肽，前述的抗原嵌合受体，前述的分离的核酸分子，前述的载体，前述的细胞，前述的免疫效应细胞，和/或前述的药物组合物。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
经修饰的免疫效应细胞
另一方面，本申请提供一种经修饰的免疫效应细胞，其中与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调，且CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调；且所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞的HLA-B分型与受试者的HLA-B分型是匹配的。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞为HLA-B杂合子且与受试者的HLA-B的两个等位基因均一致，或所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞为HLA-B纯合子且与受试者的HLA-B的其中一个等位基因一致。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰使得两种基因的表达和/或活性被下调，其中所述两种基因由TRAC基因和HLA-A基因组成。
在某些实施方式中，其中与相应的野生型细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调，且CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中与相应的野生型细胞相比，两种基因的表达和/或活性被下调，其中所述两种基因由TRAC基因和HLA-A基因组成。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括：基因突变和/或基因沉默。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
在某些实施方式中，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述反义RNA包含SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，所述的经修饰的免疫效应细胞表达CAR。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述CAR包括抗原结合结构域、铰链区、跨膜域、胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述抗原结合结构域特异性地结合肿瘤抗原。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述肿瘤抗原选自以下组：CD19，CD20，CD22，CD33，BCMA，IL13Ra2，EGFR，Her2，GD2和B7H3。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述抗原结合结构域选自以下组：单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、二聚体、多聚体、多特异性抗体、完整抗体、抗体片段、人抗体、人源化抗体，嵌合抗体，Fv片段，F(ab’)2，单链Fv(scFv)和单域抗体(VHH)。
在某些实施方式中，所述跨膜域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的跨膜域：CD8A、CD8B、CD28、CD3ε(CD3e)、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、PD-1、TRAC、TRBC、CD3ζ、CTLA-4、LAG-3、CD5、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、2B4(CD244)、FcεRIγ、BTLA、CD30、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、CD2、NKG2C、LIGHT、DAP12，CD40L(CD154)、TIM1、CD226、DR3、CD45、CD80、CD86、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64和SLAM。
在某些实施方式中，所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域：CD28、CD137、CD27、CD2、CD7、CD8A、CD8B、OX40、CD226、DR3、SLAM、CDS、ICAM-1、NKG2D、NKG2C、B7-H3、2B4、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、DAP12、CD30、CD40、CD40L、TIM1、PD-1、LFA-1、LIGHT、JAML、CD244、CD100、ICOS、CD40和MyD88。
在某些实施方式中，所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内信号转导结构域：CD3ζ、CD3δ、CD3γ、CD3ε、CD79a、CD79b、FceRIγ、FceRIβ、FcγRIIa、牛白血病病毒gp30、Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)LMP2A、猿免疫缺陷病毒PBj14 Nef、DAP10、DAP-12和至少包含一个ITAM的结构域。
在某些实施方式中，所述铰链区包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的铰链区：CD28、IgG1、IgG4、IgD、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、CD8A、PD-1、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、NKG2C、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、DAP10、TIM1、SLAM、CD30和LIGHT。
在某些实施方式中，所述CAR还包含信号肽片段，所述信号肽片段的C端与所述靶向 部分的N端连接。
在某些实施方式中，所述信号肽片段包括CD8A信号肽片段。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括非自体的免疫效应细胞。
另一方面，本申请提供一种制备前述的经修饰的免疫效应细胞的方法，其包括以下的步骤：
1)选择与受试者HLA-B分型匹配的免疫效应细胞；
2)与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，下调所述免疫效应细胞中TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性；不下调B2M基因的表达和/或活性，且不下调CIITA基因的表达和/或活性。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞为HLA-B杂合子且与受试者的HLA-B的两个等位基因均一致，或所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞为HLA-B纯合子且与受试者的HLA-B的其中一个等位基因一致。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰使得两种基因的表达和/或活性被下调，其中所述两种基因由TRAC基因和HLA-A基因组成。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰使得三种基因的表达和/或活性被下调，其中所述两种基因由TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因组成。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调，且CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
在某些实施方式中，与相应的野生型细胞相比，两种基因的表达和/或活性被下调，其中所述两种基因由TRAC基因和HLA-A基因组成。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述下调基因的表达水平和/或活性包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括：基因突变和/或基因沉默。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
在某些实施方式中，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述反义RNA包含SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。
在某些实施方式中，所述免疫效应细胞包括非自体的免疫效应细胞。
另一方面本申请提供一种组合物，其包括前述的经修饰的免疫效应细胞和药学上可接受的载剂。
另一方面本申请提供前述的经修饰的免疫效应细胞在制备CAR-T细胞中的应用。
另一方面本申请提供前述经修饰的免疫效应细胞在制备药物中的应用，所述药物用于异体治疗。
另一方面本申请提供前述经修饰的免疫效应细胞在制备药物中的应用，所述药物用于治疗肿瘤。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述肿瘤包括实体瘤和非实体瘤。
在某些实施方式中，其中所述肿瘤选自以下组：肝癌、胃癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、B淋巴细胞瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、胶质瘤、慢性髓性白血病和急性髓样白血病。
不欲被任何理论所限，下文中的实施例仅仅是为了阐释本申请的B7H3结合多肽、制备方法和用途等，而不用于限制本申请发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1抗B7H3嵌合抗原受体(CAR)的设计
如图1所示，抗B7H3 CAR结构包括:两个B7H3抗原结合区(1G7和1A5)，一个CD8A胞外铰链区，一个CD8A跨膜区，一个4-1BB胞内共刺激域和一个CD3ζ激活信号域。
B7H3 CAR的序列如下：
B7H3抗体可变区序列
1G7：
hu1G7:
1A5:
hu1A5:
B7H3 CAR的非抗原结合序列(DNA和氨基酸序列)DNA序列：

氨基酸序列：
实施例2抗B7H3 CAR的慢病毒载体构建
根据B7H3序列信息及CAR载体结构，构建B7H3 CAR慢病毒表达载体，载体示意图见图1。进行优化：选择商业化慢病毒表达载体pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP为骨架，在此载体基础上进行元件改造。首先，将载体的氨苄抗性基因β-内酰胺酶替换为源自Tn5的氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶，使载体具有卡那霉素抗性。其次，我们删除了在体内应用中具有潜在威胁性的CMV启动子及其临近的下游多克隆位点。最后，将原载体中由EF1启动子启动表达的copGFP基因删除，保留SalI酶切位点，并在SalI 5’端加入SmaI酶切位点供载体构建用，形成最终目的载体。加入的SmaI酶切位点是最终目的载体的单一酶切位点，载体的其他序列部分不具有该酶切位点。优化后构建嵌合抗原受体慢病毒表达载体，经sanger测序确证序列无误后，进行慢病毒包装。
实施例3靶向B7H3 UCAR-T细胞的制备
本申请提供一种安全性更高的B7H3 UCAR-T细胞，主要表现在两个策略：
第一供者来源筛查策略：首先供者来源基于人群中的HLA-A和/或HLA-B纯合子，患者HLA-A或HLA-B的其中一个等位基因和供者HLA-A或HLA-B纯合子一致即可，来源于这些供者的细胞能覆盖高数量的患者人群。降低HLA-A和/或HLA-B亚型不一致引起的排异反应。HLA-A选择人群中频率较高的A*02纯合子，A*11纯合子，A*02/A11杂合子及A*24纯合子。HLA-B主要选择人群中频率较高的B*40纯合子，B*15纯合子，B*46纯合子,B*13纯合子，B*51纯合子，B*58纯合子，B*07纯合子，B*35纯合子，B*44纯合子，B*52纯合子，B*57纯合子，B*54纯合子，B*55纯合子。
第二敲除策略：针对TCR和排异高度相关的HLA-A和/或HLA-B分子进行敲除，而保留了其他HLA-I类分子，既减少了异体细胞的排异，也避免了HLA分子完全敲除被NK细胞清除的发生，大大延长了同种异体CAR-T细胞在体内的半衰期。同时敲除TCR可以降低同种异体细胞治疗引起的GVHD反应。TCR基因选择编码TCRα链的基因TRAC，HLA-A 选择人群中频率较高的A*02纯合子，A*11纯合子及A*02/A11杂合子，HLA-B主要选择人群中频率较高的B*40纯合子，B*46纯合子。
实施例4靶向B7H3 CAR-T细胞的制备方法
4-1.制备TRAC，HLA-A双敲的B7H3特异性UCAR-T细胞
采集健康人的外周血，进行HLA分型检测，选取符合需要的分型。
PBMC分离：将采血管或采血袋中的血液转移到50ml的离心管中，进行离心，弃上层血浆，下层血细胞层加入等体积PBS混匀，然后吸取该混合液缓慢加入到装有淋巴细胞分离液的离心管中，DPBS：血液：淋巴细胞分离液＝1：1：1，离心后取白膜层，用PBS离心洗涤，稀释计数，并留取1x10^6细胞放入EP管中进行流式检测。
PBMC冻存：根据实际情况确定是否冻存。CD3+T细胞分选：用一定量buffer重悬细胞，混匀，按20ul CD3磁珠/107的细胞加CD3磁珠，混合均匀后放4度冰箱孵育，加入buffer洗涤细胞并且离心，重悬细胞进行磁珠分离，首先将column放在磁极上，下面对应放离心管，用buffer浸润column(LS)；将细胞加到column上，不要产生气泡,用buffer清洗column 3次，将column拿下后放在干净的15ml离心管中收集CD3+的T细胞；吸取buffer加到column上，将CD3标记的细胞用活塞推洗脱下来，取部分细胞进行细胞计数。
CD3/CD28磁珠激活：根据细胞计数结果按照1x106/ml的密度进行重悬细胞，并配制激活试剂，加入全培养基(含细胞因子IL2、IL7、IL15)中，充分重悬细胞，37℃、5％CO2孵育。
转病毒：磁珠激活后24小时，根据B7H3病毒的MOI加入病毒(即实施例2制备的慢病毒载体，B7H3 VHH1为1G7,B7H3 VHH2为1A5)，常温离心，离心结束后放入37℃、5％CO2培养24h。
基因敲除：取样计数后收集细胞离心，用PBS重悬细胞沉淀，准备电转缓冲液：Nucleofector Solution：Supplement按照82:18进行配置；根据每个电转体系使用1x107的细胞进行分配RNP复合物(Cas9:sgRNA＝2:1)，进行电转，电转48小时后收细胞，sanger测序检测编辑效率，同时收细胞FACS检测敲除效率。
其中sgRNA序列TRAC sgRNA：AGAGTCTCTCAGCTGGTACA，A02 sgRNA：CTGACCATGAAGCCACCCTG，A11 sgRNA：GGCCCCTCCTGCTCTATCCA。
CD3阴性T细胞分选：进行CD3阴性T细胞分选，细胞计数后离心，弃上清；用buffer重悬细胞并混匀，按20ul CD3磁珠/107的细胞加CD3磁珠，混合均匀后放4度冰箱孵育，加buffer洗涤细胞离心后进行磁珠分离，首先将column放在磁极上，下面对应放离心管，用 buffer浸润column(LD)，将细胞加到column上，不要产生气泡，用buffer清洗column 2次，收集清洗下来的液体(CD3-T)于15ml离心管中，取部分细胞进行细胞计数。细胞培养：镜下观察细胞状态，取细胞进行稀释计数，补充全培养基维持细胞密度在3x10^5-1x10^6个/ml，中间补/换液，放入37℃、5％CO2培养。
细胞收获：收集到细胞离心管中离心后弃上，用生理盐水再次洗涤细胞，离心，配制冻存液，冻存液重悬离心后的细胞，用注射器吸取细胞悬液至终制品用细胞冻存袋中，在细胞冻存袋上贴好标签，进行下一步冻存。
4-2.制备TRAC，HLA-B双敲的B7H3特异性UCAR-T细胞
制备步骤与实施例4-1相似，只需要将使用的HLA-A基因敲除用sgRNA更换为HLA-B sgRNA，具体为HLA-B40 Sg6:5-CATGTCCCGGCCCGGCCGCG-3；HLA-B40 Sg19:5-CCGGACGGGCGCCTCCTCCG-3；HLA-B46 Sg14:5-GTGAGCCTGCGGAACCTGCG-3。
4-3.制备TRAC，HLA-A/B三敲的B7H3特异性UCAR-T细胞
制备步骤与实施例4-1相似，只需要将使用的HLA-A基因敲除用sgRNA更换为HLA-A sgRNA与HLA-B sgRNA的等量混合物即可。
4-4.制备TRAC，HLA-A/B三敲并表达膜结合IL15的B7H3特异性UCAR-T细胞
制备步骤与实施例4-3相似，只需要将T细胞转染用的慢病毒更换为表达膜结合IL15的B7H3特异性CAR慢病毒载体。
4-5.制备自体B7H3特异性CAR-T细胞
制备步骤与实施例4-3相似，去除基因敲除与CD3阴性T细胞分选步骤。
4-6.制备TRAC，HLA-A双敲的单表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(1G7)
制备步骤与实施例4-1相似，区别在于，CAR的结构从两个B7H3抗原结合区变为一个B7H3抗原结合区1G7。
4-7.制备TRAC，HLA-A双敲的单表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(1A5)
制备步骤与实施例4-1相似，区别在于，CAR的结构从两个B7H3抗原结合区变为一个B7H3抗原结合区1A5。
实施例5靶向B7H3 CAR-T细胞体外细胞毒性分析
1.制备不同类型T细胞如下：
A：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的双表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞，如实施例4-1所述；
B：TRAC，HLA-B双敲的双表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞，如实施例4-2所述；
C：TRAC，HLA-A/B三敲的双表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞，如实施例4-3所述；
D：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的单表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(1G7)，如实施例4-6所述；
E：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的单表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(1A5)，如实施例4-7所述；
G：双表位靶向B7H3 CAR-T细胞(自体)；
H：野生型T细胞。
2.B7H3 CAR-T细胞对靶细胞的杀伤：
1)B7H3靶细胞：B7-H3高表达的U251-LG细胞系(通过对U251细胞系进行改造使其表达luciferase和GFP)；调整靶细胞状态至对数生长期，在进行实验前需连续传代2次；
2)制备A-G组B7H3 CAR-T细胞与对照T细胞，流式检测敲除效率，转染效率，CD3-T分选效率及记忆T细胞的比例，统计扩增倍数。
3)离心收集制备的几组细胞，每组6x10^6的细胞；
4)将效应细胞和靶细胞分别重悬于1640+10％FBS中，并调整密度至2x10^6cell/ml。将靶细胞接种至24孔板中，每孔2x10^5细胞，随后按照不同E/T(效靶比，效应细胞：靶细胞)比例，加入效应细胞，并添加1640+10％FBS培养基，将总体积不足1ml的培养孔补至1ml。将孔板置于5％CO2、37℃培养箱中，培养24小时。E/T：0.5:1,1:1,2:1,5:1,10:1；重复三次。
5)培养24小时，将孔板从培养箱中取出，收集200ul上清。然后通过检测Luciferase活性(即Luc活性)反映重组CAR-T细胞对靶细胞的裂解能力。
6)靶细胞裂解百分数计算公式：
结果分析：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的双表位靶向B7H3 UCAR-T以及双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞对U251细胞有显著的杀伤作用(见图2)。通过体外杀伤结果可以发现双表位的UCAR-T和CAR-T细胞具有更强的靶细胞杀伤能力。
3.靶向B7H3 CAR-T细胞(自体与同种异体)与靶细胞共培养细胞因子分泌检测(见图3)
收集上述共培养体系的上清，检测细胞因子分泌水平，实验结果如图3所示。
结果分析：B7H3 UCAR-T与B7H3 CAR-T显著激活，大量分泌IL-2和IFN-γ细胞因子。相同效靶比时双表位的UCAR-T和CAR-T细胞的IL-2、INF-γ分泌高于其他各组测试细胞，说明相较单表位UCAR-T，双表位更容易被激活，并且激活后具有更好的细胞活性。
实施例6靶向B7H3 CAR-T细胞体内抗肿瘤效果
8-10周大的NSG小鼠静脉注射肿瘤细胞U251-LG 2x10^6，小鼠分成A-G组，每组5只。肿瘤成功建立后第7天分别向小鼠瘤内注射A-G组细胞各5x10^6，通过荧光素酶监测小鼠肿瘤消退情况。
结果分析(图4)：荷瘤小鼠回输TRAC、HLA-A双敲的双表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞或双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞后，肿瘤生长速度明显减缓。双表位细胞的体内肿瘤抑制效果更明显，并且在实验后期未出现复发现象。
实施例7靶向B7-H3 CAR-T的安全性分析
我们筛选的B7H3抗体的亲和力相对CN106279416B专利中B7-H3抗体(Hbrca84d-2)的亲和力较弱，因此对两者的安全性进行分析。
1.制备不同类型T细胞如下：
A：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的双表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞；
B：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的单表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(1G7)；
C：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的单表位B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(1A5)；
D：双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞；
E：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的B7H3 UCAR-T细胞(Hbrca84d-2)；
F：B7H3 CAR-T细胞(Hbrca84d-2)；
G：野生T细胞。
其中，E的制备步骤与实施例4-1相似，区别在于，CAR的结构从两个B7H3抗原结合区变为一个B7H3抗原结合区Hbrca84d-2。
F的制备步骤与实施例4-5相似，区别在于，CAR的结构从两个B7H3抗原结合区变为一个B7H3抗原结合区Hbrca84d-2。
其中Hbrca84d-2的序列如下所述：
Hbrca84d-2序列：
2.B7H3 CAR-T细胞对弱表达B7-H3靶细胞的杀伤：
1)选择B7H3弱表达靶细胞：K562肿瘤细胞作为靶细胞；调整靶细胞状态至对数生长期，在进行实验前需连续传代2次；
2)制备A-G组细胞。
3)离心收集制备的几组细胞，每组6x10^6的细胞；
4)将靶细胞重悬于1640+10％FBS中，每个靶点取3块24孔板，按照2x10^5/孔的量接种靶细胞。(靶细胞和效应细胞都是2x10^6/ml的密度接种)。然后按照E/T(效靶比，效应细胞：靶细胞)比例，加入效应细胞。每孔补液到最大体积(600ul)。对照接种同样数量的靶细胞，不加效应细胞(600ul)。将孔板置于5％CO2、37℃培养箱中，培养24小时。E/T：0.5：1，1:1，2:1，5:1，10:1；铺板，重复三次。
5)培养24小时，将孔板从培养箱中取出，收集200ul上清。然后通过检测U251活性反映重组CAR-T细胞对靶细胞的裂解能力。
6)靶细胞裂解百分数计算公式：
结果分析：单表位或双表位的靶向B7-H3 UCAR-T(A、B、C组)及CAR-T组(D组)对弱表达B7-H3的靶细胞杀伤作用均弱于E、F组，并且与野生T细胞对弱表达B7-H3的靶细胞的杀伤作用无显著差异(如图5所示)。说明本申请中相对低亲和力抗体的CAR-T细胞对人体正常组织无/低毒副作用，比高亲和力抗体的CAR-T细胞在体内具有更好的安全性。
实施例8靶向B7H3 UCAR细胞体内半衰期检测
准备人源化免疫系统小鼠(hHSC-NCG)3只，制备A-D组B7H3 CAR-T或T细胞，注射1x10^7到人源化免疫小鼠体内，不同的时间点采血，D0，2h,D3,D7,D10,D14,D21,D28,D33,D42,D49,D56提取不同时间点血样中基因组，用QPCR绝对定量的方法计算copy/ng genome DNA,阳性对照用第14天收获的UCAR-T细胞，阴性对照用DEPC水。
其中实施例8中A-D制备不同类型T细胞如下：
A：TRAC，HLA-A双敲的双表位靶向B7H3 UCAR-T细胞，如实施例4-1所述；
B：TRAC，HLA-A/B三敲的双表位靶向B7H3 UCAR-T细胞，如实施例4-3所述；
C：TRAC，B2M双敲的双表位靶向B7H3 UCAR-T细胞野生T细胞，与实施例4-5所述类似，不同点在于进一步敲除了TRAC和B2M；
D：双表位靶向B7H3 UCAR-T细胞野生T细胞，如实施例4-5所述。
结果分析：A组和B组的UCAR-T出现了最多的体内扩增，并且在D56时仍可以在小鼠体内检测出存续，体内存续时间、存续数量优于其余两组(见图6)。
实施例9通用型T细胞的体外安全性验证
1)GVHD反应：制备TRAC,HLA-A双敲T细胞、TRAC、HLA-B双敲T细胞和TRAC、HLA-A/B三敲T细胞，以及无基因敲除的T细胞，使用辐照同种异体PBMC分别刺激制备的各组细胞，检测IFN-r的水平。
结果分析：TRAC,HLA-A双敲T细胞组，TRAC、HLA-B双敲T细胞和TRAC、HLA-A/B三敲T细胞组IFN-γ分泌水平很低，表明TRAC敲除降低了GVHD反应。
2)同种异体反应：同种异体PBMC刺激辐照后的4组细胞，检测IFN-r的水平。
结果分析：TRAC、HLA-A双敲T细胞组，TRAC、HLA-B双敲T细胞组和TRAC、HLA-A/B三敲T细胞组IFN-γ分泌水平很低，表明HLA-A的敲除降低了同种异体反应。
实施例10通用型T细胞的体内安全性验证
1)GVHD反应：制备TRAC,HLA-A双敲双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞(TRAC-/HLA-A-组)，TRAC、HLA-B双敲双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞(TRAC-/HLA-B-组)和TRAC、HLA-A/B三敲双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞(TRAC,HLA-A-/HLA-B-组)。取8-10周NSG小鼠分别注射1x10^7,通过临床指标：存活率，皮毛纹理和皮肤完整性等，观察移植物抗宿主反应。细胞因子检测：取外周血血清，检测IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ等细胞因子的水平。取血时间点：回输前，D1,D3,D7,D14,D21,D28,D35,D42,D49,D56,D63。脏器病变检测：观察期结束时(2 个月左右)，取小鼠的脾脏，肝脏，皮肤、胃肠道，肺，肾脏进行HE切片染色分析。
结果分析：不同的基因敲除策略均能有效的降低GVHD风险，进行回输后，短时间出现细胞因子大量分泌，随后各组细胞因子均维持在较低水平(见图7至图9)，同时小鼠笼旁观察未出现异常。
根据生存率分析(如图10)，回输后60天TRAC-/HLA-A-组、TRAC-/HLA-B-组和TRAC-/HLA-A-/HLA-B-组生存率分别为80％、60％和60％，说明TRAC-/HLA-A-组能够更好的提高小鼠的生存率，进一步降低GVHD风险。
2)同种异体反应：制备TRAC,HLA-A双敲双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞，TRAC、HLA-A/B三敲双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞，TRAC、B2M双敲双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞和TRAC单敲的双表位B7H3 CAR-T细胞四组细胞，分别注射1x10^7到huHSC-NCG-hIL15小鼠体内。使用的huHSC-NCG-hIL5小鼠模型，通过回输人源造血干细胞达到重建人源免疫系统的目的，该模型可以有效的重建人源的T、B、NK细胞。对照组：注射PBS缓冲液到NSG小鼠体内。
不同时间点取血测CAR拷贝数。比较CAR的拷贝数变化。时间点：回输2h,D2,D4,D8,D15,D22,D31。细胞因子检测：取外周血血清，检测IL6等细胞因子的水平。时间点：回输2h,D2,D4,D8,D13,D17,D22,D29,D36。
结论：根据IL-6的检测结果(如图11)，TRAC-/HLA-A-的UCAR-T细胞的分泌量少于其余各组，可以有效减少细胞因子风暴的风险。通过拷贝数检测，TRAC-/HLA-A-的UCAR-T细胞在小鼠体内存在明显的扩增情况，并且存续的拷贝数高于其他各组。(见图12)
实施例11基因编辑的安全性分析
制备TRAC,HLA-A双敲T细胞，无基因敲除的T细胞，检测敲除效率后，进行以下分析：
1)脱靶：脱靶：On-target and off-target:(GUIDE-seq)：对照组：转CAS9+ODN标签；实验组：转CAS9+sgRNA(TRAC+HLA-A)+ODN标签。D14分别提取两组细胞DNA，送苏州金维智生物科技有限公司检测。
结果分析：实验组脱靶率很低，而且脱靶主要集中在基因之间和内含子上，对基因功能的影响不大(见图13)。
2)染色体易位：采用qPCR方法对同时编辑TRAC和HLA基因座时可能发生的重排进行了定量。两个易位被标记为TRAC:HLA，HLA:TRAC。合成的模板质粒中的阳性参考样品作为检测对照进行评估。以HLA基因组靶区两侧的扩增片段作为内对照。提取基因组DNA 进行实时定量PCR，根据标准曲线和Cq值计算基因组DNA的基因拷贝数。
结果分析：基因座没有发生重排(见图14)。两种易位方式检测值都接近零检值。
3)核型分型：分别取铺满度在70-80％的无基因敲除的T细胞(对照组)、TRAC，HLA-A双敲的T细胞(实验组)各1×10^6装于2个T25瓶中，加满培养液，盖上全密封盖子，缠上封口膜，寄送至浙江如耀生物科技有限公司检测。
结果分析：和对照组比，实验组核型正常(见图15)。
4)Cas9蛋白残留：细胞制备时，取敲除前、敲除后以及收获前三个时间点的细胞各1×10^6进行裂解，随后用蛋白定量试剂盒(NOVATEINBIO，货号NB-E1372PR)进行定量，将各组样品调整至相同上样量2μg，根据说明书用CRISPR/Cas9蛋白ELISA试剂盒进行检测。样品中的Cas9蛋白被牢固稳定地点在试纸孔上。然后使用检测抗体识别被绑定的Cas9蛋白，然后显影剂进行显影。Cas9比值与吸光度成正比，通过与Cas9对照品比较来定量Cas9蛋白的绝对量。
结果分析：双敲T细胞(TRAC+HLA-A)分别在电转前(D3)、电转后换液前(D5)、D9、D14(收获)四个时间点检测spCas9的残留，除了电转后换液前(D5)检测到微量残留，其余三个时间点均未检出(见图16)。

Claims (165)

  1. 分离的B7H3结合多肽，其包含靶向B7H3的第一重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-1)和第二重链抗体重链可变区(VHH-2)，其中所述VHH-1包含如SEQ ID NO:1所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:3所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:5所示的HCDR3；和/或所述VHH-2包含如SEQ ID NO:2所示的HCDR1，如SEQ ID NO:4所示的HCDR2，如SEQ ID NO:6所示的HCDR3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述VHH-1和/或VHH-2包括人抗体、人源化抗体或嵌合抗体。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述VHH-1与VHH-2直接连接或者通过接头(linker)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，自N端至C端，其中所述B7H3结合多肽依次包含：i)VHH-1-linker-VHH-2；或ii)VHH-2-linker-VHH-1。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述接头包含SEQ ID NO:22所示的氨基酸序列。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述VHH-1包含：
    i)包含SEQ ID NO:7所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:13所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；或
    ii)包含SEQ ID NO:8所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:11所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述VHH-1包含如SEQ ID NO:18或SEQ ID NO:19所示的氨基酸序列。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述VHH-2包含
    i)包含SEQ ID NO:9所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:15所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:16所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4；或
    ii)包含SEQ ID NO:10所示的氨基酸序列的HFR1，包含SEQ ID NO:12所示的氨基酸序列的HFR2，包含SEQ ID NO:14所示的氨基酸序列的HFR3，包含SEQ ID NO:17所示的氨基酸序列的HFR4。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其中所述VHH-2包含如SEQ ID NO: 20或SEQ ID NO:21所示的氨基酸序列。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，其包含SEQ ID NO:23，SEQ ID NO:24，SEQ ID NO:26和SEQ ID NO:25中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  11. 免疫缀合物，其包含权利要求1-10中任一项所述B7H3结合多肽。
  12. 嵌合抗原受体，其包含靶向B7H3的胞外抗原结合结构域，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包括至少两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
  14. 嵌合抗原受体，其包含靶向B7H3的胞外抗原结合结构域，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述跨膜域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的跨膜域：CD8A、CD8B、CD28、CD3ε(CD3e)、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、PD-1、TRAC、TRBC、CD3ζ、CTLA-4、LAG-3、CD5、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、2B4(CD244)、FcεRIγ、BTLA、CD30、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、CD2、NKG2C、LIGHT、DAP12，CD40L(CD154)、TIM1、CD226、DR3、CD45、CD80、CD86、CD9、CD16、CD22、CD33、CD37、CD64和SLAM。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述跨膜域包含源自CD8A的跨膜域。
  17. 根据权利要求12-16中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述跨膜域包含SEQ ID NO:62至SEQ ID NO:110中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  18. 根据权利要求12-17中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述跨膜域包含SEQ ID NO:62所示的氨基酸序列。
  19. 根据权利要求12-18中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域：CD28、CD137、CD27、CD2、CD7、CD8A、CD8B、OX40、CD226、DR3、SLAM、CDS、ICAM-1、NKG2D、NKG2C、B7-H3、2B4、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、DAP12、CD30、CD40、CD40L、TIM1、PD-1、LFA-1、LIGHT、JAML、CD244、CD100、ICOS、CD40和MyD88。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域源自4-1BB的共刺激信号传导结构域。
  21. 根据权利要求12-20中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:111至SEQ ID NO:143中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  22. 权利要求12-21中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内共刺激信号传导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:112所示的氨基酸序列。
  23. 根据权利要求12-22中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的胞内信号转导结构域：CD3ζ、CD3δ、CD3γ、CD3ε、CD79a、CD79b、FceRIγ、FceRIβ、FcγRIIa、牛白血病病毒gp30、Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)LMP2A、猿免疫缺陷病毒PBj14 Nef、DAP10、DAP-12和至少包含一个ITAM的结构域。
  24. 根据权利要求12-23所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含源自CD3ζ的信号传导结构域。
  25. 根据权利要求12-23中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:131、SEQ ID NO:132、SEQ ID NO:144至SEQ ID NO:154中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  26. 根据权利要求12-25中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其中所述胞内信号转导结构域包含SEQ ID NO:144所示的氨基酸序列。
  27. 根据权利要求12-26中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其在胞外抗原结合结构域和跨膜域之间包括铰链区，所述铰链区包含源自选自下组中的一种或多种蛋白的铰链区：CD28、IgG1、IgG4、IgD、4-1BB、CD4、CD27、CD7、CD8A、PD-1、ICOS、OX40、NKG2D、NKG2C、FcεRIγ、BTLA、GITR、DAP10、TIM1、SLAM、CD30和LIGHT。
  28. 根据权利要求12-27中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述铰链区包含源自CD8A的铰链区。
  29. 根据权利要求12-128中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述铰链区包含SEQ ID NO:155至SEQ ID NO:176中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  30. 根据权利要求12-29中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述铰链区包含SEQ ID NO:163所示的氨基酸序列。
  31. 根据权利要求12-30中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分包含CD8A的铰链区、CD8A分子跨膜域、4-1BB的胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和CD3ζ胞内 信号传导结构域。
  32. 根据权利要求12-31中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述嵌合抗原受体的非靶向部分包含SEQ ID NO:27所示的氨基酸序列。
  33. 根据权利要求12-32中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其还包含信号肽片段，所述信号肽片段的C端与所述胞外抗原结合结构域的N端连接。
  34. 根据权利要求12-33中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，自N端至C端，其依次包含信号肽片段、胞外抗原结合结构域，跨膜域，胞内共刺激信号传导结构域和胞内信号转导结构域。
  35. 根据权利要求33-34中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述信号肽片段包括CD8A信号肽片段。
  36. 根据权利要求33-35中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，所述信号肽片段包含如SEQ ID NO:28所示的氨基酸序列。
  37. 根据权利要求12-36中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，其包含SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  38. 一种或多种分离的多肽，其包含12-37中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体和能够增强免疫效应细胞的一种或多种活性的增强子。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的多肽，其中所述增强子包括细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
  40. 根据权利要求38-39中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述增强子是膜嵌合的细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
  41. 根据权利要求38-40中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述增强子选自IL-2，IL-3，IL-4，IL-6，IL-7，IL-8，IL-10，IL-11，IL-12，IL-15，IL-17，IL-18，IL-21，IL-23，其受体，其功能变体及它们的组合。
  42. 根据权利要求38-41中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述增强子包括IL-15或其功能变体，或包含IL-15受体(IL-15R)的嵌合细胞因子受体。
  43. 根据权利要求38-42中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述增强子包括膜嵌合的IL-15(mIL-15)。
  44. 根据权利要求38-43中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述增强子包含SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
  45. 根据权利要求38-44中任一项所述的多肽，其包含i)SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列；和ii)SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
  46. 根据权利要求38-45中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子分别位于不同的多肽中。
  47. 根据权利要求38-45中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子位于同一多肽中。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的多肽，其中所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子可以直接连接或间接连接。
  49. 根据权利要求47-48中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述嵌合抗原受体和所述增强子通过接头连接。
  50. 根据权利要求47-50中任一项所述的多肽，自N端至C端，所述多肽包含如下结构：i)嵌合抗原受体，接头和增强子；或ii)增强子，接头和嵌合抗原受体。
  51. 根据权利要求49-51中任一项所述的多肽，其中所述接头包括自切割肽。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的多肽，其中所述自切割肽包括P2A，F2A，E2A或T2A。
  53. 根据权利要求51所述的多肽，其中所述T2A包含SEQ ID NO:44所示的氨基酸序列。
  54. 根据权利要求38-53所述的多肽，其包含SEQ ID NO:241或SEQ ID NO:243所示的氨基酸序列。
  55. 一种或多种分离的核酸分子，其编码权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，权利要求12-37中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体，或权利要求38-54中任一项所述的多肽。
  56. 一种或多种分离的核酸分子，其包含编码权利要求12-37中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体的第一核苷酸序列，和编码能够增强免疫效应细胞的一种或多种活性的增强子的第二核苷酸序列。
  57. 根据权利要求56所述的核酸分子，其中所述增强子包括细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
  58. 根据权利要求56-57中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述增强子是膜嵌合的细胞因子和/或细胞因子受体。
  59. 根据权利要求56-58中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述增强子选自IL-2，IL-3，IL-4，IL-6，IL-7，IL-8，IL-10，IL-11，IL-12，IL-15，IL-17，IL-18，IL-21，IL-23，其受体，其功能变体及它们的组合。
  60. 根据权利要求56-59中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述增强子包括IL-15或其功能变体，或包含IL-15受体(IL-15R)的嵌合细胞因子受体。
  61. 根据权利要求56-60中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述增强子包括膜嵌合的IL-15(mIL-15)。
  62. 根据权利要求56-61中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述增强子包含SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54所示的氨基酸序列。
  63. 根据权利要求56-62中任一项所述的核酸分子，其包含i)编码SEQ ID NO:33至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列的核苷酸序列；和ii)SEQ ID NO:47或SEQ ID NO:55所示的氨基酸序列。
  64. 根据权利要求56-63中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列位于不同的核酸分子中。
  65. 根据权利要求56-63中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列位于同一核酸分子中。
  66. 根据权利要求65所述的核酸分子，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列直接连接或间接连接。
  67. 根据权利要求65-66中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述第一核苷酸序列与所述第二核苷酸序列通过间隔序列连接。
  68. 根据权利要求67所述的核酸分子，其中所述间隔序列包括内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)或所述间隔序列编码自切割多肽。
  69. 根据权利要求68所述的核酸分子，其中所述间隔序列编码病毒自切割多肽。
  70. 根据权利要求69所述的核酸分子，其中所述间隔序列编码病毒自切割2A多肽(2A)。
  71. 根据权利要求70所述的核酸分子，其中病毒自切割2A多肽包括口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)(F2A)肽、马A型鼻炎病毒(ERAV)(E2A)肽、明脉扁刺蛾β四体病毒(Thoseaasigna virus)(TaV)(T2A)肽、猪捷申病毒-1(PTV-1)(P2A)肽、泰勒病毒2A肽或脑心肌炎病毒2A肽。
  72. 根据权利要求67-71中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中间隔序列包含编码T2A的核苷酸序列。
  73. 根据权利要求67-72中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中间隔序列包含SEQ ID NO:43所示的核苷酸序列。
  74. 根据权利要求68-73中任一项所述的核酸分子，其中所述IRES选自以下的至少一种：脊髓灰质炎IRES，鼻病毒IRES，脑心肌炎病毒IRES(EMCV-IRES)，小核糖核酸病毒IRES，口蹄疫病毒IRES(FMDV-IRES)，口咽病毒IRES，卡波西氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒IRES(KSHV-IRES)，甲型肝炎IRES，丙型肝炎IRES，经典猪瘟病毒IRES，瘟病毒IRES，牛病毒性腹泻病毒IRES，弗云德鼠白血病IRES，莫洛尼鼠白血病IRES(MMLV- IRES)，劳斯肉瘤病毒IRES，人类免疫缺陷病毒IRES(HIV-IRES)，小珀椿象肠病毒IRES，双顺反子病毒IRES，蟋蟀麻痹病毒IRES，锥蝽病毒IRES，禾谷缢管蚜病毒IRES，马立克氏病病毒IRES，成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-1 IRES和FGF-2 IRES)，血小板衍生生长因子B(PDGF/c-sis IRES)，血管内皮生长因子(VEGF IRES)和胰岛素样生长因子2(IGF-II IRES)。
  75. 根据权利要求56-74中任一项所述的核酸分子，自5’端至3’端，所述核酸分子依次包含：i)第一核苷酸序列，间隔序列和第二核苷酸序列；或ii)第二核苷酸序列，间隔序列和第一核苷酸序列。
  76. 根据权利要求56-75中任一项所述的核酸分子，自5’端至3’端，所述核酸分子依次包含：编码权利要求12-37中任一项所述CAR的核苷酸序列，间隔序列和编码增强子的核苷酸序列。
  77. 根据权利要求56-76所述的分离的核酸分子，其包含SEQ ID NO:240或SEQ ID NO:242所示的核苷酸序列。
  78. 载体，其包含权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子。
  79. 根据权利要求78所述的载体，其中所述载体是表达载体。
  80. 根据权利要求78-79中任一项述的载体，其中所述载体选自DNA载体、RNA载体、质粒、慢病毒载体、腺病毒载体、腺相关病毒载体和逆转录病毒载体。
  81. 细胞，其包含权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子或权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体；和/或表达权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，权利要求12-37中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体或权利要求38-54中任一项所述的多肽。
  82. 免疫效应细胞，其包含权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子或权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体；和/或表达权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，权利要求12-37中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体或权利要求38-54中任一项所述的多肽。
  83. 免疫效应细胞，其包含靶向B7H3的嵌合抗原受体和膜嵌合的IL15分子(mIL15)。
  84. 根据权利要求83所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述嵌合抗原受体的胞外抗原结合结构域包括至少两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
  85. 根据权利要求83-84中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述胞外抗原结合结构域包含两个结合B7H3不同表位的VHH。
  86. 根据权利要求83-85中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述mIL15包含如SEQ ID NO:46或SEQ ID NO:54中任一项所述的氨基酸序列。
  87. 根据权利要求83-86中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其包含权利要求12-37中任一项所述的嵌合抗原受体。
  88. 根据权利要求83-87中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其所述嵌合抗原受体包含SEQ ID NO:29至SEQ ID NO:36中任一项所示的氨基酸序列。
  89. 根据权利要求82-88所述的免疫效应细胞，所述的免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
  90. 根据权利要求82-89中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。
  91. 根据权利要求82-90中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述免疫效应细胞包括自体或非自体的免疫效应细胞。
  92. 根据权利要求82-91中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述的免疫效应细胞包括经修饰的免疫效应细胞。
  93. 根据权利要求92所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞包括降低同种异体细胞治疗引起的免疫排斥反应的细胞。
  94. 根据权利要求92-93中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞中的T细胞抗原受体(TCR)和主要组织相容性复合体(MHCI，MHCII)在T细胞中的功能受到抑制。
  95. 根据权利要求92-94中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
  96. 根据权利要求95所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A、HLA-B、B2M和CIITA。
  97. 根据权利要求92-96中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经修饰的相应细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
  98. 根据权利要求92-97中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经修饰的相应细胞相比，TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
  99. 根据权利要求92-98中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经所述修饰的相应细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  100. 根据权利要求92-99中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与未经所述修饰的相应细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  101. 根据权利要求92-100中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
  102. 根据权利要求92-101中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  103. 根据权利要求92-102中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述经修饰的免疫效应细胞与相应的野生型细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  104. 根据权利要求92-103中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
  105. 根据权利要求92-104中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰包括：基因敲除、基因突变和/或基因沉默。
  106. 根据权利要求92-105中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-A基因外显子被敲除。
  107. 根据权利要求92-106中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除，HLA-A基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-B基因外显子被敲除。
  108. 根据权利要求92-107中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
  109. 根据权利要求92-108中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
  110. 根据权利要求92-109所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰还包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
  111. 根据权利要求110所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  112. 根据权利要求92-111中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
  113. 根据权利要求112所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  114. 根据权利要求92-113中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
  115. 根据权利要求112所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  116. 根据权利要求92-115中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
  117. 根据权利要求116所述的免疫效应细胞，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
  118. 根据权利要求108所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述反义RNA包含SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  119. 根据权利要求82-118中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述免疫效应细胞为HLA-B纯合子细胞或杂合子细胞。
  120. 根据权利要求119所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
  121. 根据权利要求82-120中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述免疫效应细胞为HLA-A纯合子或杂合子细胞。
  122. 根据权利要求82-121所述的免疫效应细胞，其中所述HLA-A纯合子或杂合子包括HLA-A*02纯合子，HLA-A*11纯合子，HLA-A*02/A*11杂合子或HLA-A*24纯合子。
  123. 一种制备免疫效应细胞的方法，其包括向免疫效应细胞中引入权利要求55-77中任一项所述的核酸分子或权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体。
  124. 根据权利要求123所述的方法，其还包括：在向免疫效应细胞中引入权利要求55-77中任一项所述的核酸分子或权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体之前/之后，修饰所述免疫效应细胞，所述修饰包括与免疫排斥相关基因中的一个或多个的表达和/或活性被下调。
  125. 根据权利要求124所述的方法，其中所述与免疫排斥相关基因选自下组中的一种或多种基因：TRAC、TRBC、HLA-A、HLA-B、B2M和CIITA。
  126. 根据权利要求124-125中任一项所述的方法，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，下调所述免疫效应细胞中TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性。
  127. 根据权利要求124-126中任一项所述的方法，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，下调所述免疫效应细胞中TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性。
  128. 根据权利要求124-127中任一项所述的方法，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  129. 根据权利要求124-128中任一项所述的方法，与未经所述修饰的相应细胞中相应基因的表达和/或活性相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  130. 根据权利要求124-129中任一项所述的方法，与相应的野生型细胞相比，所述免疫效应细胞的TRAC基因和HLA-A基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
  131. 根据权利要求124-130中任一项所述的方法，与相应的野生型细胞相比，所述免疫效应细胞的TRAC基因，HLA-A基因和HLA-B基因的表达和/或活性被下调。
  132. 根据权利要求124-131中任一项所述的方法，与相应的野生型细胞相比，CIITA基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  133. 根据权利要求124-132中任一项所述的方法，与相应的野生型细胞相比，B2M基因的表达和/或活性未被下调。
  134. 根据权利要求124-133中任一项所述的方法，其中所述基因的表达水平和/或活性被下调包括使编码所述基因的核酸分子的表达和/或活性下调；和/或使所述基因编码的蛋白质产物的表达和/或活性被下调。
  135. 根据权利要求124-134中任一项所述的方法，其中所述修饰包括：基因敲除、基因突变和/或基因沉默。
  136. 根据权利要求124-135中任一项所述的方法，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-A基因外显子被敲除。
  137. 根据权利要求124-136中任一项所述的方法，所述修饰包括所述免疫细胞中TRAC基因外显子被敲除，HLA-A基因外显子被敲除并且HLA-B基因外显子被敲除。
  138. 根据权利要求124-137中任一项所述的方法，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用一种或多种选自下组的物质：反义RNA、siRNA、shRNA和CRISPR/Cas9系统。
  139. 根据权利要求124-138中任一项所述的方法，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用CRISPR/Cas9系统。
  140. 根据权利要求127-139所述的方法，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
  141. 根据权利要求140所述的方法，其中所述靶向所述TRAC基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:177至SEQ ID NO:191中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  142. 根据权利要求124-141中任一项所述的方法，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施 用靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
  143. 根据权利要求142所述的方法，其中所述靶向所述HLA-A基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:192至SEQ ID NO:232中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  144. 根据权利要求124-143中任一项所述的方法，其中所述修饰包括向所述免疫效应细胞施用靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA。
  145. 根据权利要求144所述的方法，其中所述靶向所述HLA-B基因外显子部分的sgRNA包含SEQ ID NO:237至SEQ ID NO:239中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  146. 根据权利要求124-145任一项所述的方法，其中所述修饰还包括向所述细胞施用Cas酶。
  147. 根据权利要求146所述的方法，其中Cas酶包括Cas9蛋白。
  148. 根据权利要求138所述的方法，其中所述反义RNA包含SEQ ID NO:233至SEQ ID NO:236中任一项所示的核苷酸序列。
  149. 根据权利要求123-148中任一项所述的方法，其中所述免疫效应细胞包括人细胞。
  150. 根据权利要求123-149中任一项所述的方法，所述免疫效应细胞包括T细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、巨噬细胞、NKT细胞、单核细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、白细胞和/或外周血单个核细胞。
  151. 根据权利要求123-150中任一项所述的方法，所述免疫效应细胞包括自体或非自体的免疫效应细胞。
  152. 根据权利要求123-151中任一项所述的方法，其中所述细胞为HLA-B纯合子或杂合子细胞。
  153. 根据权利要求152所述的方法，其中所述HLA-B纯合子包括HLA-B*40纯合子，HLA-B*15纯合子，HLA-B*46纯合子，HLA-B*13纯合子，HLA-B*51纯合子，HLA-B*58纯合子，HLA-B*07纯合子，HLA-B*35纯合子，HLA-B*44纯合子，HLA-B*52纯合子，HLA-B*57纯合子，HLA-B*54纯合子，HLA-B*55纯合子。
  154. 根据权利要求123-153中任一项所述的方法，其中所述细胞为HLA-A纯合子或杂合子细胞。
  155. 根据权利要求154所述的方法，其中所述HLA-A纯合子或杂合子包括HLA-A*02纯合子，HLA-A*11纯合子，HLA-A*02/A*11杂合子或HLA-A*24纯合子。
  156. 权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子，权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体，权利要求81所述的细胞，或权利要求82-122中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞在制备CAR- T细胞中的应用。
  157. 药物组合物，其包含权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子，权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体，权利要求81所述的细胞，和/或权利要求82-122中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，以及任选地药学上可接受的载剂。
  158. 权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子，权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体，权利要求81所述的细胞，权利要求82-122中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，和/或权利要求157所述的药物组合物，其用于治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症。
  159. 根据权利要求158所述的用途，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
  160. 根据权利要求158-159所述的用途，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
  161. 根据权利要求160所述的用途，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
  162. 预防和/或治疗与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症的方法，其包括向有需要的受试者施用有效量的权利要求1-10中任一项所述的B7H3结合多肽，权利要求55-77中任一项所述的分离的核酸分子，权利要求78-80中任一项所述的载体，权利要求81所述的细胞，权利要求82-122中任一项所述的免疫效应细胞，和/或权利要求157所述的药物组合物。
  163. 根据权利要求162所述的方法，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括与B7H3的表达上调相关的疾病或病症。
  164. 根据权利要求162-163中任一项所述的方法，其中所述与B7H3的表达相关的疾病或病症包括癌症。
  165. 根据权利要求164所述的方法，其中所述癌症包括肾上腺皮质癌，膀胱癌，乳腺癌，胆管癌，结直肠癌，淋巴瘤，食管癌，脑胶质瘤，头颈鳞癌，肾癌，肝癌，肺癌，卵巢癌，胰腺癌，前列腺癌，肉瘤，黑色素瘤，胃癌，胸腺癌或子宫内膜癌。
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