WO2024101841A1 - 양극 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
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- WO2024101841A1 WO2024101841A1 PCT/KR2023/017725 KR2023017725W WO2024101841A1 WO 2024101841 A1 WO2024101841 A1 WO 2024101841A1 KR 2023017725 W KR2023017725 W KR 2023017725W WO 2024101841 A1 WO2024101841 A1 WO 2024101841A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same, and more specifically, to a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery with improved rolling performance in the positive electrode containing a lithium iron phosphate compound-based positive electrode active material.
- Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LNCMO), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) are used as positive electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries.
- Lithium iron phosphate is inexpensive because it contains iron, which is a resource-abundant and low-cost material. Additionally, because the toxicity of lithium iron phosphate is low, environmental pollution can be reduced when using lithium iron phosphate. In addition, because lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure can be maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. Accordingly, the battery has the advantage of excellent high-temperature stability and high-temperature lifespan characteristics.
- lithium iron phosphate has a relatively low tap density and inferior rolling performance compared to the positive electrode active materials of lithium cobalt-based oxide and lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide, so it has the disadvantage that it is difficult to significantly reduce the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer during rolling.
- the loading amount of the electrode tends to increase.
- the rolling performance decreases, so in order to achieve high loading of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode, rolling is required. Technology development to improve performance is needed.
- the present invention seeks to improve rolling performance and provide a lithium iron phosphate anode with high energy density.
- the second positive electrode active material may be included in a ratio of 5% by weight or less based on the total weight of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive active material.
- the first positive electrode active material may have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the first positive electrode active material may have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the second positive electrode active material may have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the first positive electrode active material may be a compound represented by Formula 1 below.
- M is any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y. and, x ⁇ 0.5)
- the second positive electrode active material may be a compound represented by Formula 2 below.
- M1 includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, and Cr
- M2 includes any element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, and Nb. or contains two or more elements, 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.03, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.02, 0 ⁇ x+y ⁇ 0.7)
- the first positive electrode active material may further include a carbon coating layer on its surface.
- the first positive electrode active material may have a monolithic structure made of primary particles.
- the positive electrode according to exemplary embodiments may have a porosity of 24 to 30% according to Equation 1 below.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ 1 - (measured density of positive electrode active material layer/true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- the loading amount of the positive electrode active material layer may be in the range of 400 to 700 mg/25cm2.
- an anode; cathode; A separator disposed between the anode and the cathode; And a lithium secondary battery containing an electrolyte is provided.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer formed on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a first positive electrode active material based on a lithium iron phosphate compound and a second positive electrode active material based on a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide, and the second positive electrode active material includes
- the positive electrode active material is 10% by weight or less based on the total weight of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material, and the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the second positive electrode active material relative to the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the first positive electrode active material A
- the positive electrode according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention can increase the loading amount of the positive electrode due to improved rolling performance and can significantly reduce the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer through rolling, resulting in a highly loaded lithium iron phosphate-based positive electrode. And it has the effect of providing a lithium secondary battery with high energy density.
- a and/or B herein means A, or B, or A and B.
- D 50 means the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation amount in the particle size distribution curve.
- the D 50 can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method is generally capable of measuring particle diameters ranging from the submicron region to several millimeters, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the amount of nitrogen gas adsorption under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II from BEL Japan.
- weight average molecular weight refers to the converted value for standard polystyrene measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Specifically, the weight average molecular weight is a value converted from the value measured under the following conditions using GPC, and standard polystyrene from the Agilent system was used to prepare the calibration curve.
- the cathode for a lithium secondary battery is a cathode including a cathode active material layer formed on a cathode current collector, wherein the cathode active material layer includes a lithium iron phosphate compound-based first cathode active material and a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite.
- the cathode active material layer includes a lithium iron phosphate compound-based first cathode active material and a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite.
- Comprising an oxide-based second positive electrode active material wherein the second positive electrode active material is 10% by weight or less based on the total weight of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material, and the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the first positive electrode active material is A
- the lithium iron phosphate compound-based positive electrode active material has a low tap density, so the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode had the disadvantage of making it difficult to significantly reduce the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer during rolling.
- the present inventors added a small amount of a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide-based second positive electrode active material having a tap density superior to that of the lithium iron phosphate compound-based first positive electrode active material, and added the first positive electrode to the first positive electrode.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention can increase the loading amount of the positive electrode due to improved rolling performance and can significantly reduce the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer through rolling, providing the effect of providing a positive electrode with high energy density. There is.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one side of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector may be any conductive material without causing chemical changes in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the current collector may be stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- the positive electrode current collector may have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector to increase adhesion to the positive electrode active material layer.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes a first positive electrode active material based on a lithium iron phosphate compound and a second positive electrode active material based on a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide, and may further include a binder, a conductive material, a dispersant, etc.
- the present invention includes, as a positive electrode active material, a first positive electrode active material that is a lithium iron phosphate compound-based positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode active material that is a lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide-based positive electrode active material.
- the first positive electrode active material may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below.
- M is any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y. and, x ⁇ 0.5)
- the first positive electrode active material may be LiFePO 4 .
- the first positive electrode active material may be primary particles or secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated together, and may preferably have a monolithic structure composed of primary particles.
- 'monolith structure' refers to a structure in which particles exist as an independent phase without mutual agglomeration in terms of morphology.
- a particle structure that contrasts with this monolithic structure is a structure in which small-sized particles ('primary particles') are physically and/or chemically aggregated to form relatively large-sized particles ('secondary particles'). You can.
- the first positive electrode active material has a monolithic structure composed of primary particles, compared to the case where it is a secondary particle, the possibility of cracking of the lithium iron phosphate particles during the rolling process is low, so the capacity due to the detachment of the broken particles is small. It is desirable because the reduction is small.
- the first positive electrode active material has a monolithic structure composed of primary particles
- migration of the binder can be alleviated during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry, thereby increasing the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer. This can be improved.
- the first positive electrode active material may further include a carbon coating layer on the surface.
- a carbon coating layer is formed on the surface of lithium iron phosphate, electrical conductivity is improved and the resistance characteristics of the positive electrode can be improved.
- the carbon coating layer is made of glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, oligosaccharide, polyoligosaccharide, fructose, cellulose, polymer of furfuryl alcohol, block copolymer of ethylene and ethylene oxide, vinyl resin, cellulose resin, phenolic resin, It may be formed using at least one raw material selected from the group consisting of pitch-based resin and tar-based resin. Specifically, the carbon coating layer may be formed through a process of mixing the raw materials with the lithium iron phosphate and then heat treating them.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the first positive electrode active material may be 0.1 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m to 1.3 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the positive electrode active material satisfies the above range, the mobility of lithium in lithium iron phosphate is improved, and the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the BET specific surface area of the first positive electrode active material may be 5 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g, specifically 7 m 2 /g to 18 m 2 /g, more specifically. It may be 9 m 2 /g to 16 m 2 /g. When the above range is satisfied, aggregation of the first positive electrode active material can be effectively suppressed even in a positive electrode slurry composition with a relatively small dispersant content.
- the second positive electrode active material may be a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2.
- M1 includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, and Cr
- M2 includes any element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, and Nb. or contains two or more elements, 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.03, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.02, 0 ⁇ x+y ⁇ 0.7)
- the second positive electrode active material may be LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 or LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 , and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the lithium nickel manganese cobalt composite oxide-based positive electrode active material represented by Formula 2 has superior tap density compared to lithium iron phosphate compounds, and serves to improve the rolling performance of the positive electrode.
- the second positive electrode active material may be made of a single primary particle, or may be made of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated. At this time, the primary particles may be uniform or non-uniform.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the second positive electrode active material may be 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, specifically 3 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m, and more specifically 4 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter of the second positive electrode active material exceeds 20 ⁇ m, there is a risk of sedimentation of the second positive electrode active material particles during production of the positive electrode slurry, and if the average particle diameter of the second positive electrode active material is less than 3 ⁇ m, rolling performance is improved. It is undesirable because it may be insignificant.
- the second positive electrode active material is contained in an amount of 10% by weight or less, specifically 5% by weight or less, and more specifically 0.01% by weight, based on the total weight of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material. It may be 1% by weight.
- the second positive electrode active material is added to improve rolling performance, and the effect of improving rolling performance appears to be saturated at a level of 5% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the first and second positive electrode active materials. Therefore, when considering capacity characteristics, it is desirable to include the second positive electrode active material at a level within the above numerical range.
- the critical rolling thickness refers to the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer and the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer when rolled as much as possible within a range that does not cause damage such as disconnection to the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a binder, a conductive material, and a dispersant, along with the first and second positive electrode active materials described above.
- the binder includes a binder to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector.
- Specific examples of the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
- CMC starch
- hydroxypropylcellulose regenerated cellulose
- polyvinylpyrrolidone tetrafluoroethylene
- polyethylene polypropylene
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- graphite Carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- Specific examples of commercially available conductive materials include acetylene black products (Chevron Chemical Company, Denka Singapore Private Limited, Gulf Oil Company, etc.), Ketjenblack, EC.
- the conductive material may be a carbon nanotube.
- the excellent conductive network of the carbon nanotubes can suppress the binder migration phenomenon where the binder moves to the electrode surface when the electrode is dried, thereby improving the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer. It has the effect of further improving.
- the conductive material may be included in the positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 0.3% by weight to 2.0% by weight, specifically 0.4% by weight to 1.5% by weight, and more specifically 0.5% by weight to 1.3% by weight. there is.
- the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode can be improved by securing the positive electrode conductive network.
- the dispersant in particular, suppresses excessive aggregation of the first positive electrode active material in the positive electrode slurry and allows the first and second positive electrode active materials to exist effectively dispersed in the manufactured positive electrode active material layer.
- the dispersant may include a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer, and specifically, the dispersant may be a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer is a copolymer containing a structural unit derived from an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile and a structural unit derived from a hydrogenated conjugated diene, or a structural unit derived from an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile and a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene.
- a copolymer containing a structural unit derived from a hydrogenated conjugated diene for example, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile may be used, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- conjugated diene monomer for example, conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, or 2,3-methyl butadiene, may be used, one or two of these. Mixtures of the above may be used.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (H-NBR).
- H-NBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based butadiene rubber has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, preferably 15,000 g/mol to 90,000 g/mol, more preferably 20,000 g/mol to 50,000 g/mol. It can be mol.
- the effect of suppressing the agglomeration of the conductive material is more excellent, and even if the conductive material is aggregated, it is aggregated into a sphere rather than a linear shape, compared to the case where the conductive material is linearly aggregated. , the specific surface area of the aggregated conductive material can be minimized. As a result, the surface area of the positive electrode active material that cannot participate in the lithium insertion/desorption reaction adjacent to the aggregated conductive material is minimized, thereby lowering the discharge resistance of the lithium secondary battery.
- the dispersant is present in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt%, specifically 0.2 wt% to 1.8 wt%, and more specifically 0.3 wt% to 1.6 wt%, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer. may be included.
- the content of the dispersant satisfies the above range, gelation of the positive electrode slurry composition can be prevented by suppressing aggregation of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include 94 to 98% by weight of the positive electrode active material, 0.5 to 2% by weight of the conductive material, 1.0 to 4.0% by weight of the binder, and 0.5 to 2% by weight of the dispersant.
- the composition of the positive electrode active material layer satisfies the above-mentioned range, the adhesion and conductivity of the electrode are secured and the active material content is increased, thereby improving the capacity and resistance performance of the lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method. Specifically, the positive electrode is manufactured by preparing a positive electrode slurry containing the above-mentioned first and second positive electrode active materials, a conductive material, a binder, and/or a dispersant, and then applying the positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling. can be manufactured.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the positive electrode slurry on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from this support onto the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer according to the present invention is composed of bimodal positive electrode active materials in which the average particle diameter of the first positive electrode active material and the average particle diameter of the second positive electrode active material are different, so that the positive electrode active material layer according to the present invention is formed in the pores between the second positive electrode active material particles having a large average particle diameter. , the first positive electrode active material with a small average particle diameter can be filled, and due to the presence of the second positive electrode active material with a high tap density, it has improved rolling density, and as a result, high loading/high energy density of the positive electrode can be realized.
- the anode according to exemplary embodiments may have a porosity of 24 to 30%, specifically 24 to 29%, and more specifically 25 to 28% according to Equation 1 below.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ 1 - (measured density of positive electrode active material layer/true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- the numerical range of porosity is at a reduced level compared to the porosity of a positive electrode mainly containing a lithium iron phosphate compound-based positive electrode active material as the positive electrode active material. According to the present invention, rolling performance is improved and density after rolling can be increased, so the porosity can be within the above numerical range.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode active material layer may be in the range of 400 to 700 mg/25 cm2, specifically 450 to 700 mg/25 cm2, and more specifically 500 to 650 mg/25 cm2. .
- the loading amount is based on the positive electrode active material layer disposed on one side of the current collector. According to the present invention, even if the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer with a high loading amount of the above level, the rolling performance is improved, and while having the above loading amount, the porosity according to Equation 1 is 24 to 30%, in detail. May be 24 to 29%, more specifically 25 to 28%.
- a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is as described above.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector,
- the positive electrode active material layer includes a first positive electrode active material based on a lithium iron phosphate compound and a second positive electrode active material based on a lithium nickel manganese cobalt complex oxide,
- the second positive electrode active material is 10% by weight or less based on the total weight of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material
- the negative electrode can be manufactured, for example, by preparing a composition for forming a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode conductive material on a negative electrode current collector and then applying it on the negative electrode current collector.
- the anode active material is not particularly limited, and usually a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium can be used.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, and highly crystalline carbon; Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy; Alternatively, a composite containing a metallic compound and a carbonaceous material may be mentioned.
- low-crystalline carbon includes soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and liquid crystalline carbon.
- Examples include high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes. .
- high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used, and a thin film of metallic lithium may also be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the anode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions in the battery being constructed as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the anode conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the anode active material layer.
- the negative electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the negative electrode binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the separator can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in lithium secondary batteries, and in particular, it is desirable to have low resistance to ion movement in the electrolyte and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these.
- a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- the separator may be a porous thin film having a pore diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt commonly used in electrolytes, but is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate) Carbonate-based solvents such as PC) may be used.
- ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolact
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charging and discharging performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the lithium salt is preferably contained in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.6 mol% to 2 mol%.
- the electrolyte contains, for example, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n, for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- pyridine triethylphosphite
- triethanolamine triethanolamine
- cyclic ether ethylene diamine
- n for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- additives such as methoxyethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode assembly, and placing the electrode assembly in a cylindrical battery case or a square battery case and then injecting electrolyte. Alternatively, it may be manufactured by stacking the electrode assembly, impregnating it with an electrolyte, and sealing the resulting product in a battery case.
- the electrode assembly is dried and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, ethanol, propylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- acetone ethanol
- propylene carbonate ethylmethyl carbonate
- ethylene carbonate ethylene carbonate
- dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- One or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of can be removed. If an electrolyte having the same composition as the organic solvent used in manufacturing the positive electrode is used as the electrolyte, the process of drying the electrode assembly can be omitted.
- the lithium secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention may be an all-solid-state battery.
- the battery case may be one commonly used in the field, and there is no limitation on the appearance depending on the purpose of the battery, for example, a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape. It can be etc.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and capacity retention rate, it is widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, energy storage systems (ESS), and hybrid electricity. It is useful in the field of electric vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
- HEV hybrid electric vehicles
- the average particle diameter D 50 is 1.0 ⁇ m
- LiFePO 4 is a monolithic primary particle
- the second positive electrode active material is LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 , which has an average particle diameter D 50 of 7 to 8 ⁇ m and secondary particles.
- a positive electrode active material was prepared by mixing at a weight ratio of 99.5:0.5. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a conductive material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder, and hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) as a dispersant were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing at 2500 rpm for 90 minutes using homo-disperse.
- the positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and dispersant were present in a weight ratio of 95:1.2:3.0:0.8, and the solid content of the positive electrode slurry was 62% by weight.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum thin film at a concentration of 600mg/25cm2, and then dried with hot air at 130°C for 5 minutes so that the solid content of the positive electrode slurry was 99.0% by weight or more (after drying, the positive electrode active material layer Thickness is about 140 ⁇ m).
- Example 1 a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material was changed to 99.9:0.1.
- Example 1 a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second positive electrode active material was changed to LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 with an average particle diameter D 50 of secondary particles of 4 to 5 ⁇ m. did.
- Example 1 the positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second positive electrode active material was changed to LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 with an average particle diameter D 50 of secondary particles of 11 to 12 ⁇ m. Manufactured.
- Example 1 the positive electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second positive electrode active material was changed to LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 with an average particle diameter D 50 of secondary particles of 14 to 15 ⁇ m. Manufactured.
- Example 1 a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material was changed to 95:5.
- Example 1 a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material was changed to 90:10.
- Example 1 a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material was changed to 100:0.
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second positive electrode active material was changed to LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 with an average particle diameter D 50 of secondary particles of 2 ⁇ m.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ 1 - (measured density of positive electrode active material layer/true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer measured at the rolling level just before breakage occurs is defined as the critical rolling thickness, and the breakage occurs.
- the porosity at the rolling level just before this occurs is defined as the limiting rolling porosity.
- the porosity of the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 1 was evaluated as 1, and the porosity of the positive electrode according to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 2 was relative to the porosity of the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 1. It is described as a ratio.
- the positive electrodes according to Examples 1 to 7 all have a smaller critical rolling thickness and smaller critical rolling porosity compared to the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 1 that does not include the second positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode according to Example 6 in which the weight ratio of the second positive electrode active material is 5% by weight, and the positive electrode according to Example 7 in which the weight ratio of the second positive electrode active material is 10% by weight have a limit rolling thickness and a limit rolling porosity. is similar, it is analyzed that when the weight ratio of the second positive electrode active material is more than a certain ratio, the effect of improving rolling performance converges to a certain level.
- the positive electrode according to Example 4 and the positive electrode according to Example 5 have similar critical rolling thickness and critical rolling porosity, and the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the second positive electrode active material with respect to A of the first positive electrode active material ( D 50 )
- the positive electrode according to the present invention can provide a high-loading positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery with high energy density by improving rolling performance in a positive electrode containing 90% by weight or more of a lithium iron phosphate-based positive electrode active material as the positive electrode active material.
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Abstract
Description
| 전제 제1,2 양극 활물질 총 중량에 대한 제2 양극 활물질의 중량 비율(%) | 제1 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) A에 대한 제2 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) B의 비(=B/A) | 한계 압연 두께 | 한계 압연 기공도 | |
| 실시예 1 | 0.5 | 7~8 | 99.1 | 0.8 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.1 | 7~8 | 99.7 | 0.95 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.5 | 4~5 | 99.4 | 0.89 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.5 | 11~12 | 99.0 | 0.79 |
| 실시예 5 | 0.5 | 14~15 | 99.0 | 0.79 |
| 실시예 6 | 5 | 7~8 | 98.6 | 0.77 |
| 실시예 7 | 10 | 7~8 | 98.5 | 0.75 |
| 비교예 1 | 0 | - | 103 | 1 |
| 비교예 2 | 0.5 | 2 | 101 | 0.99 |
Claims (14)
- 양극 집전체 상에 형성된 양극 활물질층을 포함하는 양극으로서,상기 양극 활물질층은, 리튬 인산철 화합물계 제1 양극 활물질 및 리튬 니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물계 제2 양극 활물질을 포함하고,상기 제2 양극 활물질은, 제1 양극 활물질 및 제2 양극 활물질 총 중량에 대하여, 10 중량% 이하이며,상기 제1 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) A에 대한 제2 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) B의 비(=B/A) 값이, 3 이상인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) A에 대한 제2 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) B의 비(=B/A) 값이, 4 내지 15인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) A에 대한 제2 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) B의 비(=B/A) 값이, 6 내지 12인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2 양극 활물질은, 제1 양극 활물질 및 제2 양극 활물질 총 중량에 대하여, 5 중량% 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질은, 평균 입경(D50)이 0.1㎛ 내지 3㎛인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질은, 평균 입경(D50)이 0.5㎛ 내지 1.5㎛인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2 양극 활물질은, 평균 입경(D50)이 3㎛ 내지 20㎛인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질은, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.[화학식 1]Li1+aFe1-xMx(PO4-b)Xb(상기 화학식 1에서, M은 Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn 및 Y 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하고, X는 F, S 및 N 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하며, 그리고, a, b, x는 각각 -0.5≤a≤0.5, 0≤b≤0.1, 0≤x≤0.5이다)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2 양극 활물질은, 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 화합물인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.[화학식 2]LiaNi1-x-yCoxMnyM1zM2wO2(상기 화학식 2에서, M1은 W, Mo 및 Cr로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하고, M2는 Al, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta 및 Nb로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하며, 0.95≤a≤1.5, 0<x≤0.5, 0<y≤0.5, 0≤z≤0.03, 0≤w≤0.02, 0<x+y≤0.7이다)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질은, 표면에 탄소 코팅층을 더 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 양극 활물질은, 1차 입자로 이루어진 단일체 구조를 가지는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,하기 식 1에 따른 기공도가 24 내지 30%인 리튬 이차전지용 양극.[식 1]기공도(%) = {1 - (양극 활물질층의 측정밀도/양극 활물질의 진밀도)}×100
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층의 로딩량은 400 내지 700 mg/25㎠ 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극.
- 양극; 음극; 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막; 및 전해질을 포함하며,상기 양극은,양극 집전체 상에 형성된 양극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 양극 활물질층은, 리튬 인산철 화합물계 제1 양극 활물질 및 리튬 니켈망간코발트 복합 산화물계 제2 양극 활물질을 포함하고,상기 제2 양극 활물질은, 제1 양극 활물질 및 제2 양극 활물질 총 중량에 대하여, 10 중량% 이하이며,상기 제1 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) A에 대한 제2 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50) B의 비(=B/A) 값이, 3 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는,리튬 이차전지.
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| EP4708379A1 (en) * | 2024-09-05 | 2026-03-11 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd | Positive electrode active materials, positive electrodes, and rechargeable lithium batteries |
| WO2026053578A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-05 | 2026-03-12 | 日産化学株式会社 | 電極形成用組成物、添加剤およびゲル化抑制剤 |
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- 2023-11-07 EP EP23889101.4A patent/EP4535461A4/en active Pending
- 2023-11-07 WO PCT/KR2023/017725 patent/WO2024101841A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-07 CN CN202380048584.7A patent/CN119404330A/zh active Pending
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| KR20140131336A (ko) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-11-12 | 신코베덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 이온 전지 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP4708379A1 (en) * | 2024-09-05 | 2026-03-11 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd | Positive electrode active materials, positive electrodes, and rechargeable lithium batteries |
| WO2026053578A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-05 | 2026-03-12 | 日産化学株式会社 | 電極形成用組成物、添加剤およびゲル化抑制剤 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN119404330A (zh) | 2025-02-07 |
| JP7798436B2 (ja) | 2026-01-14 |
| EP4535461A1 (en) | 2025-04-09 |
| EP4535461A4 (en) | 2025-12-31 |
| JP2025522205A (ja) | 2025-07-11 |
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