WO2024101930A1 - 배터리 관리 시스템, 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 및 이차전지의 퇴화 여부 진단 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 시스템, 이를 포함하는 배터리 팩 및 이차전지의 퇴화 여부 진단 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/84—Control of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/96—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management system for diagnosing the deterioration of a secondary battery having a positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate, a battery pack including the same, and a method for diagnosing the deterioration of the secondary battery.
- lithium secondary batteries have little memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, so they can be freely charged and discharged, and have a low self-discharge rate. It is attracting attention due to its extremely low and high energy density.
- the Q-dV/dQ curve can be expressed as a graph with a Q axis and a dV/dQ axis, where Q is the storage amount, V is the voltage, dV is the change in V over a predetermined time, and dQ is the Q over the predetermined time.
- the change amount, dV/dQ represents the ratio of dV to dQ.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the voltage according to the capacity of a secondary battery equipped with a positive electrode using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 1 due to the structural characteristics of lithium iron phosphate, it can be seen that the voltage of a secondary battery containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material appears flat even when the charge and discharge capacity changes. This phenomenon occurs because the stability of the olivine-structured lithium iron phosphate structure itself and the crystal structures of LiFePO 4 in a discharged state and FePO 4 in a charged state are similar. Accordingly, since secondary batteries containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material cannot determine whether or not the deterioration or degree of deterioration is degraded using differential voltage analysis, there is a need to develop technology for this.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery management system and method for diagnosing deterioration due to repeated charging and discharging of a secondary battery containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material, and a battery pack including the same.
- the present invention provides a battery management system for diagnosing deterioration of a secondary battery having a positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material, comprising: a sensing unit configured to measure the voltage and open circuit voltage of the secondary battery; a memory unit configured to store the open circuit voltage measured by the sensing unit; and a control unit configured to determine that the secondary battery has deteriorated when the change in open circuit voltage according to the charge/discharge cycle of the secondary battery satisfies condition 1 below for 5 or more charge/discharge cycles. .
- V n-1 is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the n-1th charge and discharge cycle
- V n is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the nth charge and discharge cycle
- n is an arbitrary is an integer of
- the sensing unit measures the voltage when the secondary battery discharges, and may be configured to measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery whenever the measured voltage reaches the reference discharge voltage. .
- the sensing unit may be configured to measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery while the secondary battery is at rest after the secondary battery reaches the reference discharge voltage.
- the sensing unit may be configured to measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery each time one charge/discharge cycle of the secondary battery is completed.
- the battery management system may further include a switching unit that turns on and off the electrical connection between the secondary battery and the charger.
- the present invention provides a battery pack including the battery management system and a plurality of secondary batteries.
- the secondary battery may include 50 to 100% of the total weight of the negative electrode active material as a negative electrode active material.
- the deterioration diagnosis method of a secondary battery according to the present invention is a method of diagnosing the deterioration of a secondary battery equipped with a positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material, and includes (A) repeating charging and discharging of the secondary battery, A process of measuring the voltage when the battery discharges and measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery whenever the measured voltage reaches the reference discharge voltage; and (B) a process of determining that the secondary battery has deteriorated when the amount of change in open circuit voltage satisfies condition 1 below for five or more charge/discharge cycles.
- V n-1 is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the n-1th charge and discharge cycle
- V n is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the nth charge and discharge cycle
- n is an arbitrary is an integer of
- the process (A) may include measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery while the secondary battery is at rest after the secondary battery reaches the reference discharge voltage.
- the process (A) may include measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery each time one charge/discharge cycle of the secondary battery is completed.
- the potential difference of the negative electrode is used to determine the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery from the change in open circuit voltage as the charge and discharge cycle progresses. It has the effect of diagnosing degeneration.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the voltage according to the capacity of a secondary battery equipped with a positive electrode using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material.
- Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a battery pack including a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph exemplarily showing measured values of open circuit voltage according to charge/discharge cycles calculated by the battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack including a battery management system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for diagnosing deterioration of a secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- control unit> used in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a battery pack including a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery pack 1000 may be provided to be installed in an electrical system (eg, an electric vehicle).
- the battery management system 100 is electrically connected to a battery module 10 containing a plurality of secondary batteries 11 and can diagnose the status of each of the plurality of secondary batteries 11.
- the battery management system 100 may be included in the battery pack 1000 together with the battery module 10.
- Figure 2 shows an example in which the battery pack 1000 includes one battery module 10 and one battery management system 100, but the battery module 10 and the battery management system included in the battery pack 1000
- the number of (100) is not limited to the number shown in Figure 2.
- the number of secondary batteries 11 included in the battery module 10 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 2.
- the secondary battery included in the battery module and battery pack of the present invention will be described.
- the secondary battery subject to degradation diagnosis by the battery management system 100 of the present invention contains lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material.
- a lithium secondary battery using lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material in a capacity-voltage graph that corresponds voltage to capacity, in a certain capacity section, despite the change in capacity due to charging and discharging, the amount of change in voltage is 0 or a plateau close to 0. Includes sections.
- the present invention provides a battery management system capable of diagnosing the deterioration of secondary batteries and a battery pack including the same.
- the lithium iron phosphate may be a compound of Formula 1 below.
- M is any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y. and, x ⁇ 0.5)
- the lithium iron phosphate may be LiFePO 4 .
- the negative electrode constituting the secondary battery of the present invention may include a graphite-based negative electrode active material as a negative electrode active material.
- the graphite-based negative electrode active material may be present in an amount of 50% by weight to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material. It may be included at 100% by weight.
- the potential of the negative electrode also changes in response to changes in the depth of charge or depth of discharge. That is, in the case of a negative electrode containing a graphite-based negative electrode active material, the correlation graph between the depth of charge (SOC) or depth of discharge (DOD) and the negative electrode potential corresponds to changes in the depth of charge or depth of discharge. Therefore, since it does not include a plateau section where the potential of the negative electrode does not change, a secondary battery equipped with a negative electrode containing a graphite-based negative electrode active material is suitable for applying the degradation diagnosis method of the present invention.
- graphite-based negative electrode active materials include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, low-crystalline carbon, and high-crystalline carbon, and composites containing metallic compounds and carbonaceous materials.
- low-crystalline carbon includes soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and liquid crystalline carbon.
- high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes. .
- Figure 3 is a block diagram schematically showing a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management system 100 may include a sensing unit 110, a memory unit 120, and a control unit 130.
- the sensing unit 110 may be configured to measure the voltage of the secondary battery 11 included in the battery module 10. That is, the sensing unit 110 may be configured to measure the voltage of each of the secondary batteries 11 included in the battery module 10.
- the sensing unit 110 is connected to the first secondary battery (C1), the second secondary battery (C2), the third secondary battery (C3), and the third secondary battery (C1) included in the battery module 10. 4
- the voltage when the secondary battery (C4) is discharged can be measured.
- the sensing unit 110 measures the voltage of the first secondary battery (C1) through the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2), and the second sensing line (SL2) and the third sensing line (SL2).
- the voltage of the second secondary battery C2 can be measured through the line SL3.
- the sensing unit 110 measures the voltage of the third secondary battery (C3) through the third sensing line (SL3) and the fourth sensing line (SL4), and the fourth sensing line (SL4) and the fifth sensing line
- the voltage of the fourth secondary battery (C4) can be measured through (SL5).
- the sensing unit 110 is configured to measure the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the secondary battery 11. That is, the sensing unit 110 is configured to measure both the voltage and the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11. Additionally, the sensing unit 110 is configured to measure the voltage of the secondary battery when the secondary battery is charged and discharged, and is configured to measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11 to determine deterioration.
- OCV open circuit voltage
- the sensing unit 110 measures the voltage of the secondary battery while the secondary battery 11 is charging and discharging, and charges once to collect data for deterioration diagnosis. It may be configured to measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11 each time a discharge cycle ends.
- one charge/discharge cycle can be defined as a process of charging the secondary battery 11 in a discharged state and then discharging the secondary battery 11 in a charged state as one charge/discharge cycle.
- the sensing unit 110 detects each secondary battery 11 whenever the measured voltage of the secondary battery reaches the reference discharge voltage while N (N is an integer of 2 or more) charge and discharge cycles are in progress for the secondary battery.
- the open circuit voltage can be measured.
- the reference discharge voltage may be a voltage preset and stored by a user or the like in order to enable the sensing unit 110 to measure the open circuit voltage. That is, the reference discharge voltage is a reference value for measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11 by the sensing unit 110, and determines when the sensing unit 110 should measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11. Timing can be provided.
- the reference discharge voltage may be 2.5V. However, it is not limited to this.
- the sensing unit 110 measures the voltage when a plurality of secondary batteries 11 are discharged, and opens the secondary battery 11 whenever the measured voltage of the secondary battery 11 reaches the reference discharge voltage. It may be configured to measure circuit voltage.
- the sensing unit 110 may be configured to measure the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11 while it is at rest after the secondary battery 11 reaches the reference discharge voltage. Here, resting means waiting for a certain period of time after discharging of the secondary battery is completed until charging of the next charge/discharge cycle.
- the open circuit voltage can be measured within 1 second from the end of discharge, specifically within 1 minute after 3 seconds, and more specifically within 30 seconds after 5 seconds.
- the sensing unit 110 may measure the open circuit voltage of the first secondary battery (C1) when the voltage of the first secondary battery (C1) reaches Vs due to discharge. Similarly, when the respective voltages of the second secondary battery (C2), the third secondary battery (C3), and the fourth secondary battery (C4) reach Vs, the sensing unit 110 detects the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery that has reached Vs. It can be measured.
- the sensing unit 110 may include a voltage sensor (not shown).
- the voltage sensor is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the secondary battery 11.
- the voltage sensor may be installed in the charging/discharging path of the secondary battery.
- the sensing unit 110 may further include a current sensor (not shown).
- the current sensor may be configured to measure the current of the secondary battery at predetermined times while the secondary battery is charging or discharging.
- the memory unit 120 may be operably coupled to the sensing unit 110.
- the memory unit 120 may be configured to store the open circuit voltage measurement value measured by the sensing unit 110 and to store various other sensing information. Additionally, the memory unit 120 may store data or programs required for each component of the battery management system 100 to perform operations and functions, or data generated during the process of performing operations and functions.
- the memory unit 120 may be configured to repeat charging and discharging and store the measured open circuit voltage of the secondary battery 11 each time the charging and discharging cycle ends.
- the memory unit 120 stores the open circuit voltage (V1) measured when the reference discharge voltage is reached during the discharge process of the first charge and discharge cycle for the secondary battery 11, and the open circuit voltage (V1) measured when the reference discharge voltage is reached in the second charge and discharge cycle.
- V1 the open circuit voltage measured when the reference discharge voltage is reached during the discharge process
- V1 measured when the reference discharge voltage is reached in the second charge and discharge cycle.
- V2 measured when the reference discharge voltage is reached
- the open circuit voltage value measured each time a charge/discharge cycle is performed can be stored.
- the type of the memory unit 120 is a flash memory type, hard disk type, SSD type (Solid State Disk type), SDD type (Silicon Disk Drive type), and multimedia card micro.
- type multimedia card micro type
- random access memory RAM
- static random access memory SRAM
- read-only memory ROM
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- PROM programmable read memory
- the control unit 130 may receive the open circuit voltage measured by the sensing unit 110.
- the control unit 130 is configured to exchange electrical signals with the memory unit 120 within the battery management system 100, and can receive open circuit voltage data according to the charge/discharge cycle stored in the memory unit 120. there is.
- the control unit 130 may be configured to calculate the amount of change in each open circuit voltage measured according to the charging and discharging cycle from the memory unit 120, and the amount of change in the open circuit voltage satisfies condition 1 below, but is applied five or more times. If satisfactory during the charge/discharge cycle, it may be configured to determine that the secondary battery has deteriorated.
- V n-1 is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the n-1th charge and discharge cycle
- V n is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the nth charge and discharge cycle
- n is an arbitrary is an integer of
- control unit 130 determines whether the amount of change between the open circuit voltage (V n-1 ) measured in the previous charge and discharge cycle and the open circuit voltage (V n ) measured in the current charge and discharge cycle is less than 0.002V, , if this amount of change in open circuit voltage satisfies Condition 1 above for at least 5 charge/discharge cycles, it can be determined that the secondary battery has degenerated.
- FIG. 4 is a graph exemplarily showing measured values of open circuit voltage according to charge/discharge cycles calculated by the battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the control unit 130 may generate the graph shown in FIG. 4 from the open circuit voltage data stored in the memory unit 120.
- the graph in FIG. 4 shows the relationship between charge/discharge cycle number and open circuit voltage. As the charge/discharge cycle progresses, the open circuit voltage gradually decreases, and the amount of change in voltage gradually becomes smaller after about 1500 cycles. The change in open circuit voltage is approaching 0.
- olivine-structured lithium iron phosphate is more stable in terms of structural changes due to deterioration or deterioration, and as a result, lithium iron phosphate does not have a large change in voltage due to charging and discharging. Therefore, in secondary batteries equipped with a positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate, the voltage of the secondary battery is often determined by the potential difference between the negative electrode. That is, in a lithium iron phosphate-based secondary battery, it is easy to determine the potential difference of the negative electrode as the measured open circuit voltage.
- the present invention provides the following information: When the change in open circuit voltage of the secondary battery measured at the rest stage after discharging during the charge/discharge cycle is less than 0.002V during a certain cycle, It is possible to consider whether the cathode has degenerated and determine whether the secondary battery has deteriorated.
- a lithium secondary battery equipped with a positive electrode to which the above-mentioned lithium iron phosphate is applied as a positive electrode active material is charged with lithium in a non-facing part of the negative electrode that does not face the positive electrode due to the difference in charging and discharging speeds between the positive electrode and the negative electrode as the charging and discharging cycles are accumulated. phenomenon may appear.
- the non-facing part of the cathode that does not face the anode exists because the cathode is cut larger than the anode, and usually the edge of the cathode becomes the non-facing part.
- lithium required for charging and discharging not only accumulates in the non-face-to-face area, deteriorating the capacity of the battery, but also may cause safety problems due to precipitation of lithium.
- the potential difference of the negative electrode can be determined through the behavior of the open circuit voltage, and the reduction of available lithium intensifies due to charging of lithium in the non-face-to-face part of the negative electrode that does not face the positive electrode.
- the present invention can diagnose whether the secondary battery is deteriorated due to lithium charging in the non-face-to-face portion through the behavior of the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery. .
- the control unit 130 includes a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, and a logic circuit known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. , registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc. may optionally be included. Additionally, when the control logic is implemented as software, the control unit 130 may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program module may be stored in the memory unit and executed by the processor.
- the control unit 130 is a processor provided in the battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and can provide the determined deterioration of the secondary battery 11 to the user through an output device such as a display device. . Additionally, the control unit 130 may provide a replacement or warning alarm for the secondary battery 11 to the user through an external notification device based on the result of determining whether the secondary battery 11 is deteriorated.
- the battery management system of the present invention utilizes the characteristic that the potential difference of the negative electrode appears as the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery in a secondary battery having a positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material, and opens the battery as the charge and discharge cycle progresses. This has the effect of diagnosing the deterioration of the secondary battery by considering the deterioration of the negative electrode as deterioration of the secondary battery based on the change in circuit voltage.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack including a battery management system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management system 200 may further include a switching unit 240 and an interface unit 250 for turning on-off the electrical connection between the secondary battery 11 and the charger. You can.
- the switching unit 240 may include a switch 241 and a switch driver 242.
- the switch 241 is installed in the current path for charging and discharging the secondary battery 11. While the switch 241 is turned on, charging and discharging of the secondary battery 11 is possible.
- the switch 241 may be a mechanical relay that is turned on and off by the magnetic force of the coil, or a semiconductor switch such as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). While the switch 241 is turned off, charging and discharging of the secondary battery 11 is stopped.
- switch 241 may be turned on in response to a first control signal and turned off in response to a second control signal.
- the switch driver 242 may be electrically connected to the switch 241 and the control unit 230 and selectively sends a first control signal or a second control signal to the switch 241 in response to a command from the control unit 230. It is configured to output as . When at least one of predetermined events occurs, the control unit 230 may command the switch driver 242 to turn on or turn off the switch 241.
- the interface unit 250 is configured to support wired or wireless communication between the control unit 230 and the upper controller 2 (eg, ECU: Electronic Control Unit) of the electric system 1.
- Wired communication may be, for example, CAN (Controller Area Network) communication
- wireless communication may be, for example, ZigBee or Bluetooth communication.
- the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited as long as it supports wired and wireless communication between the control unit 230 and the upper controller 2.
- the interface unit 250 includes an output device (not shown) such as a display or speaker that provides the results of the process regarding the deterioration state of the secondary battery 11 performed by the control unit 230 in a form recognizable to the user. It can be included.
- the interface unit 250 may include an input device (not shown) such as a mouse or keyboard that can receive data from the user.
- Figure 6 is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for diagnosing deterioration of a secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the method for diagnosing deterioration of a secondary battery according to the present invention is (A) repeatedly charging and discharging the secondary battery, measuring the voltage when the secondary battery discharges, and the measured voltage is the reference discharge voltage. A process of measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery each time it reaches; and (B) a process of determining that the secondary battery has deteriorated when the amount of change in open circuit voltage satisfies condition 1 below for five or more charge/discharge cycles.
- V n-1 is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the n-1th charge and discharge cycle
- V n is the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the nth charge and discharge cycle
- n is an arbitrary is an integer of
- the secondary battery to which the secondary battery deterioration diagnosis method according to the present invention is applied is as described above.
- the process (A) above is a process of collecting data to diagnose whether the secondary battery is deteriorating.
- the degradation diagnosis method according to the present invention is a process of measuring the open circuit voltage for each charge and discharge cycle while performing charge and discharge cycles of a secondary battery, and collecting the open circuit voltage corresponding to the number of charge and discharge cycles.
- the process (A) includes measuring the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery each time one charge/discharge cycle of the secondary battery is completed. At this time, the time to measure the open circuit voltage may be during rest until the next charge after the secondary battery reaches the reference discharge voltage.
- the process (B) above is a process of diagnosing whether the secondary battery is deteriorated based on the amount of change in open circuit voltage according to the charge/discharge cycle collected through process (A). Specifically, if the condition that the difference between the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the n-1th charge and discharge cycle and the battery voltage measured in the nth charge and discharge cycle is less than 0.002V is satisfied for 5 charge and discharge cycles, the It includes the process of determining that the secondary battery has deteriorated.
- the process (A) includes measuring the voltage and open circuit voltage of the secondary battery while repeatedly charging and discharging the secondary battery.
- Repeating charging and discharging of a secondary battery means charging the secondary battery in a discharged state and then discharging the secondary battery in a charged state as one charging and discharging cycle, and repeating this charging and discharging cycle several times. .
- the voltage of the secondary battery can be measured during the process of discharging the secondary battery in a charged state. At this time, voltage measurement of the secondary battery may be performed at regular time intervals.
- the dormant state means stopping the supply of current for charging and discharging the secondary battery. Then, the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery is measured in a resting state after discharge.
- the charging and discharging method of the process (A) may be a charging and discharging method applicable to secondary batteries, and non-limiting examples include a constant current (CC) method and a constant voltage (Constant Voltage) method.
- CV constant current
- CP Constant Power
- CC-CV Constant Power
- CP-CV method combining these methods
- CP-CV method can be listed, and an appropriate charging/discharging method can be selected depending on the type of secondary battery.
- the CP charging/discharging method may be selected for secondary batteries for ESS.
- the charge/discharge rate (C-rate, CP-rate) is also not particularly limited, and an appropriate range of charge/discharge rates can be selected considering the charge/discharge characteristics of the electrode.
- the present invention is based on the change in open circuit voltage in determining whether a secondary battery is deteriorated, and specifically, the open circuit voltage of the battery measured in the n-1th charge and discharge cycle, and the open circuit voltage measured in the nth charge and discharge cycle. If the condition that the amount of change between the open circuit voltages of the battery is less than 0.002V is satisfied for at least 5 charge/discharge cycles, the secondary battery is determined to have degenerated.
- a battery cell was prepared with a cathode made of 100% artificial graphite as the cathode active material and a cathode made of 100% LiFePO 4 as the cathode active material.
- the battery cell was charged to 3.65V under 1CP-rate conditions and discharged to 2.5V under 1CP-rate conditions. At this time, while discharging the battery cell, the voltage of the battery cell was monitored, and discharge was terminated when the voltage of the battery cell was 2.5V.
- the open circuit voltage of the battery cell was measured 5 seconds after the end of discharge, and the result was stored as V 1 .
- the battery case was opened and the electrode assembly contained therein was disassembled to obtain a negative electrode.
- the cathode As a result of observing the cathode, it was confirmed that lithium was deposited in the non-face-to-face area. From these results, it appears that the degradation diagnosis method according to the present invention can diagnose lithium accumulation in the area where the cathode does not face the anode.
- a discharge capacity of 1 was measured in the first charge/discharge cycle.
- the discharge capacity 2 of the battery cell was measured in a charge/discharge cycle in which the battery cell was determined to be deteriorated.
- the capacity maintenance rate was calculated according to Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 (discharge capacity 2 ⁇ 100)/discharge capacity 1
- the calculated capacity maintenance rate was 83%.
- secondary batteries with a capacity retention rate of 80% are considered to be deteriorated, and the deterioration diagnosis method according to the present invention is analyzed to be effective in diagnosing the deterioration of secondary batteries using lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material.
- the embodiment of the present invention described above is not implemented only through the battery management system 100 and method, but is implemented through a program that realizes the function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded. It may be possible, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 양극 활물질로서 리튬 인산철을 포함하는 양극을 구비한 이차전지의 퇴화 여부를 진단하는 배터리 관리 시스템으로서,이차전지의 전압 및 개방 회로 전압을 측정하도록 구성된 센싱부;상기 센싱부가 측정한 개방 회로 전압을 저장하도록 구성된 메모리부; 및이차전지의 충방전 사이클에 따른 개방 회로 전압의 변화량이, 하기 조건 1을 5회 이상의 충방전 사이클 동안 만족하는 경우에 이차전지가 퇴화된 것으로 판단하도록 구성된 제어부를 포함하는 배터리 관리 시스템.[조건 1]Vn-1 - Vn < 0.002V(상기 조건 1에서, Vn-1은, n-1번째 충방전 싸이클에서 측정된 전지의 개방 회로 전압이고, Vn은 n번째 충방전 사이클에서 측정된 전지의 개방 회로 전압이며, n은 임의의 정수임)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 센싱부는, 이차전지가 방전할 때의 전압을 측정하고, 측정된 전압이 기준 방전 전압에 도달할 때마다 상기 이차전지의 개방 회로 전압을 측정하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 센싱부는, 이차전지가 기준 방전 전압에 도달한 후, 휴지 중에 이차전지의 개방 회로 전압을 측정하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 센싱부는, 이차전지에 대하여 1회의 충방전 사이클이 종료될 때마다, 이차전지의 개방 회로 전압을 측정하도록 구성된 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,이차전지와 충전기 간의 전기적 연결을 온-오프(on-off)하는 스위칭부를 더 포함하는 배터리 관리 시스템.
- 청구항 1에 따른 배터리 관리 시스템; 및복수의 이차전지를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 이차전지는, 음극 활물질로서 흑연계 음극 활물질을, 음극 내 포함된 음극 활물질의 총 중량에 대하여 50~100% 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 양극 활물질로서 리튬 인산철을 포함하는 양극을 구비한 이차전지의 퇴화 여부를 진단하는 방법으로서,(A) 이차전지에 대하여 충방전을 반복하면서, 이차전지가 방전할 때의 전압을 측정하고, 측정된 전압이 기준 방전 전압에 도달할 때마다 상기 이차전지의 개방 회로 전압을 측정하는 과정; 및(B) 개방 회로 전압의 변화량이, 하기 조건 1을 5회 이상의 충방전 사이클 동안 만족하는 경우에 이차전지가 퇴화된 것으로 판단하는 과정을 포함하는 이차전지의 퇴화 진단 방법.[조건 1]Vn-1 - Vn < 0.002V(상기 조건 1에서, Vn-1은, n-1번째 충방전 싸이클에서 측정된 전지의 개방 회로 전압이고, Vn은 n번째 충방전 사이클에서 측정된 전지의 개방 회로 전압이며, n은 임의의 정수임)
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (A) 과정은, 이차전지가 기준 방전 전압에 도달한 후, 휴지 중에 이차전지의 개방 회로 전압을 측정하는 과정을 포함하는 이차전지의 퇴화 진단 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (A) 과정은, 이차전지에 대하여 1회의 충방전 사이클이 종료될 때마다, 이차전지의 개방 회로 전압을 측정하는 과정을 포함하는 이차전지의 퇴화 진단 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 이차전지는, 음극 활물질로서 흑연계 음극 활물질을 50~100% 포함하는 이차전지의 퇴화 진단 방법.
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| JP2024559919A JP7768637B2 (ja) | 2022-11-11 | 2023-11-09 | バッテリー管理システム、それを含むバッテリーパックおよび二次電池の退化有無の診断方法 |
| EP23889187.3A EP4492075A4 (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2023-11-09 | BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BATTERY COMPRISING SAME, AND METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING DETERIORATION OF SECONDARY BATTERY |
| CN202380033233.9A CN118922731A (zh) | 2022-11-11 | 2023-11-09 | 电池管理系统、包含电池管理系统的电池组以及诊断二次电池的退化的方法 |
| US18/855,756 US20250277866A1 (en) | 2022-11-11 | 2023-11-09 | Battery Management System, Battery Pack Comprising Same, and Method of Diagnosing Deterioration of Secondary Battery |
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| EP (1) | EP4492075A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP7768637B2 (ko) |
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| KR20260010146A (ko) * | 2024-07-12 | 2026-01-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 방법 |
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| KR20120074848A (ko) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법 및 밸런싱 시스템 |
| KR20170095735A (ko) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 제조방법 및 음극 |
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| KR20220150244A (ko) | 2022-10-24 | 2022-11-10 | 주식회사 포유에듀테크 | 점토를 성형소재로 하는 3d 프린터 카트리지의 점토 유출 방지 가이드 |
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| JP4561859B2 (ja) | 2008-04-01 | 2010-10-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池システム |
| US9263773B2 (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2016-02-16 | Gs Yuasa International Ltd. | Secondary battery state of charge determination apparatus, and method of determining state of charge of secondary battery |
| KR102856950B1 (ko) | 2019-12-11 | 2025-09-05 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 퇴화도 진단 장치 및 방법 |
-
2023
- 2023-11-09 EP EP23889187.3A patent/EP4492075A4/en active Pending
- 2023-11-09 WO PCT/KR2023/018007 patent/WO2024101930A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-09 US US18/855,756 patent/US20250277866A1/en active Pending
- 2023-11-09 JP JP2024559919A patent/JP7768637B2/ja active Active
- 2023-11-09 KR KR1020230154841A patent/KR20240069649A/ko active Pending
- 2023-11-09 CN CN202380033233.9A patent/CN118922731A/zh active Pending
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| KR100911315B1 (ko) * | 2008-08-21 | 2009-08-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 전압 거동을 이용한 배터리 저항 특성 추정 장치 및방법 |
| KR20120074848A (ko) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 배터리 팩의 밸런싱 방법 및 밸런싱 시스템 |
| KR20170095735A (ko) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 제조방법 및 음극 |
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| KR20220150244A (ko) | 2022-10-24 | 2022-11-10 | 주식회사 포유에듀테크 | 점토를 성형소재로 하는 3d 프린터 카트리지의 점토 유출 방지 가이드 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP7768637B2 (ja) | 2025-11-12 |
| US20250277866A1 (en) | 2025-09-04 |
| CN118922731A (zh) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP4492075A1 (en) | 2025-01-15 |
| JP2025513821A (ja) | 2025-04-30 |
| EP4492075A4 (en) | 2025-08-27 |
| KR20240069649A (ko) | 2024-05-20 |
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