WO2024103269A1 - 一种时间同步方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种时间同步方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024103269A1
WO2024103269A1 PCT/CN2022/132119 CN2022132119W WO2024103269A1 WO 2024103269 A1 WO2024103269 A1 WO 2024103269A1 CN 2022132119 W CN2022132119 W CN 2022132119W WO 2024103269 A1 WO2024103269 A1 WO 2024103269A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
carrier signal
difference
information
subcarrier
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/132119
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邓涛
罗嘉金
杜瑞
周保建
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202280101736.0A priority Critical patent/CN120226299A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/132119 priority patent/WO2024103269A1/zh
Priority to EP22965460.3A priority patent/EP4618467A4/en
Publication of WO2024103269A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024103269A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0035—Synchronisation arrangements detecting errors in frequency or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
    • H04L27/2673—Details of algorithms characterised by synchronisation parameters
    • H04L27/2675—Pilot or known symbols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and device for time synchronization in the field of communications.
  • High-precision time synchronization technology is a key basic technology for many application scenarios.
  • the time asynchrony between multiple stations will introduce position uncertainty.
  • the time asynchrony between transmission and reception will cause a large amount of random phase noise to be introduced into the collected data, affecting the perception effect.
  • low time synchronization accuracy seriously restricts the improvement of perception performance and limits the scope of application scenarios for device collaboration.
  • the mainstream time synchronization methods for civil communication base stations are the timing technology based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the time synchronization technology based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588v2 protocol.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • the timing accuracy of these two mainstream time synchronization methods is not enough in some application scenarios.
  • the clock taming technology based on the local high-stability atomic clock can achieve very high accuracy, but the high-stability atomic clock is expensive.
  • other existing time synchronization methods are also difficult to achieve the high-precision and low-cost effects of time synchronization at the same time.
  • the present application provides a time synchronization method based on interference measurement, which can simultaneously achieve high-precision and low-cost time synchronization effects.
  • a time synchronization method is provided, the method being used in a second device so that the first device and the second device are time synchronized, the method comprising the steps of: the second device detecting a first multi-carrier signal, wherein the first multi-carrier signal comprises at least two sub-carriers f 1 and f 2 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to separate frequency points on a spectrum; the second device determining a first phase ⁇ ' 1 corresponding to sub-carrier f 1 and a second phase ⁇ ' 2 corresponding to sub-carrier f 2 included in the first multi-carrier signal; wherein the first multi-carrier signal is a second multi-carrier signal transmitted by the first device and propagated through channels; the second device receiving first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate a third phase and a fourth phase corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal; wherein the third phase ⁇ 1 corresponds to sub-carrier signal f 1 , and the fourth phase ⁇ 2 corresponds
  • the second device is time synchronized with the first device by adjusting the clock of the second device according to the phases corresponding to the first multi-carrier signal and the second multi-carrier signal obtained locally and the frequency difference of the first multi-carrier signal. This can achieve high-precision time synchronization between devices while avoiding the use of expensive high-stability atomic clocks, thereby reducing costs.
  • the second device can use empirical formulas, neural network models, transfer functions, convolution formulas, etc. to take the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 and the first frequency difference ⁇ f as input quantities to output adjustment quantities or clock differences to adjust the local clock of the second device, thereby achieving time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • the second device determines a first adjustment value according to the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 , and the first frequency difference ⁇ f, the first adjustment value is used for time synchronization between the first device and the second device, and the first adjustment value ⁇ satisfies the following conditions: Wherein ⁇ 1 represents the first phase difference, ⁇ 2 represents the second phase difference, and ⁇ f represents the first frequency difference.
  • the second device performs time synchronization with the first device according to the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 and the first frequency difference ⁇ f, and the first delay amount needs to be considered at the same time.
  • the first delay amount is associated with a geometric distance between the first device and the second device, wherein the geometric distance may refer to a distance that a signal propagates between the first device and the second device.
  • the first delay amount may be a geometric delay amount ⁇ g_12 .
  • the second device determines a first adjustment value according to the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 , and the first frequency difference ⁇ f, where the first adjustment value is used for time synchronization between the first device and the second device, and the first adjustment value ⁇ satisfies the following conditions: Wherein ⁇ 1 represents the first phase difference, ⁇ 2 represents the second phase difference, ⁇ f represents the first frequency difference, and ⁇ g_12 represents the first time delay.
  • the present application provides a two-way measurement method, which can further eliminate the first time delay ⁇ g — 12 associated with the geometric distance.
  • the method requires the first device side and the second device side to adjust the clock, and the method includes: the second device sends a third multi-carrier signal, wherein the third multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 21 and f 22 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum; the second device determines a fifth phase ⁇ ' 21 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 21 included in the third multi-carrier signal, and a sixth phase ⁇ ' 22 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 2 ; the second device sends second information, wherein the second information is used to indicate the fifth phase ⁇ ' 21 and the sixth phase ⁇ ' 22 corresponding to the third multi-carrier signal, and the third multi-carrier signal and the second information are used by the first
  • the fourth multi-carrier signal is a fifth multi-carrier signal transmitted by the first device and propagated between channels; the second device receives third information, wherein the third information is used to indicate a ninth phase and a tenth phase corresponding to the fifth multi-carrier signal.
  • the ninth phase ⁇ 31 corresponds to the subcarrier signal f 31
  • the tenth phase ⁇ 32 corresponds to the subcarrier f 32
  • the second device adjusts the local clock according to the third phase difference, the fourth phase difference and the second frequency difference
  • the second frequency difference is the frequency difference corresponding to the fourth multi-carrier signal
  • the method for the second device to adjust the local clock can be: the second device obtains a third adjustment amount ⁇ ' 12 according to the third phase difference ⁇ 31 , the fourth phase difference ⁇ 32 and the second frequency difference ⁇
  • the geometric time delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device can be eliminated, thereby achieving the purpose of high-precision, low-cost and low-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • the present application provides a two-way measurement method, which can further eliminate the first time delay ⁇ g_12 associated with the geometric distance.
  • the method requires the second device to adjust the clock, and the method includes: the second device sends a third multi-carrier signal, wherein the third multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 21 and f 22 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum.
  • the second device determines the fifth phase ⁇ ' 21 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 21 included in the third multi-carrier signal, and the sixth phase ⁇ ' 22 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 22.
  • the second device sends second information, wherein the second information is used to indicate the fifth phase ⁇ ' 21 and the sixth phase ⁇ ' 22 corresponding to the third multi-carrier signal, and the third multi-carrier signal and the second information are used by the first device to adjust the local clock.
  • the second device detects a fourth multi-carrier signal, wherein the fourth multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 31 and f 32 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum.
  • the second device determines the seventh phase ⁇ ' 31 corresponding to the subcarrier f 31 and the eighth phase ⁇ ' 32 corresponding to the subcarrier f 32 included in the fourth multicarrier signal.
  • the fourth multicarrier signal is the fifth multicarrier signal transmitted by the first device and propagated through the channels.
  • the second device receives third information, wherein the third information is used to indicate the ninth phase and the tenth phase corresponding to the fifth multicarrier signal.
  • the ninth phase ⁇ 31 corresponds to the subcarrier signal f 31
  • the tenth phase ⁇ 32 corresponds to the subcarrier f 32 .
  • the second device determines the third adjustment amount ⁇ ' 12 according to the third phase difference, the fourth phase difference and the second frequency difference.
  • the second device receives fourth information, wherein the fourth information is used to indicate a second adjustment amount ⁇ 21 .
  • the second device adjusts the local clock according to the second adjustment amount and the third adjustment amount ⁇ ' 12 , for example, it can be adjusted to In this way, the geometric time delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device can be eliminated, thereby achieving the purpose of high-precision, low-cost and low-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • a time synchronization method comprising the steps of: the first device sending a second multi-carrier signal, wherein the second multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 1 and f 2 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to discrete frequency points on the spectrum; the first device determines a third phase ⁇ 1 corresponding to sub-carrier f 1 and a fourth phase ⁇ 2 corresponding to sub-carrier f 2 included in the second multi-carrier signal; the first device sends first information, wherein the first information is used to indicate the third phase ⁇ 1 and the fourth phase ⁇ 2 corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal, and the second multi-carrier signal and the first information are used by the second device to adjust a local clock.
  • the second device adjusts the clock of the second device according to the phases corresponding to the first multi-carrier signal and the second multi-carrier signal obtained locally and the frequency difference of the first multi-carrier signal, so that the second device and the first device are time synchronized. This can achieve high-precision time synchronization between devices while avoiding the use of expensive high-stability atomic clocks, thereby reducing costs.
  • the present application provides a two-way measurement method, which can further eliminate the first time delay ⁇ g_12 associated with the geometric distance.
  • the method requires the first device side and the second device side to adjust the clock, and the method includes: the first device detects a sixth multi-carrier signal, wherein the sixth multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 21 and f 22 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum; the first device determines the eleventh phase ⁇ ' 31 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 21 and the twelfth phase ⁇ ' 32 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 32 included in the sixth multi-carrier signal; wherein the sixth multi-carrier signal is a third multi-carrier signal sent by the second device and propagated through channels; the first device receives second information, wherein the second information is used to indicate the fifth phase and the sixth phase corresponding to the
  • the first device sends a fifth multi-carrier signal, wherein the fifth multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 31 and f 32 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to discrete frequency points on the spectrum; the first device determines a ninth phase ⁇ 21 corresponding to sub-carrier f 31 and a tenth phase ⁇ 22 corresponding to sub-carrier f 32 included in the fifth multi-carrier signal; the first device sends third information, wherein the third information is used to indicate the ninth phase ⁇ 21 and the tenth phase ⁇ 22 corresponding to the fifth multi-carrier signal, and the fifth multi-carrier signal and the third information are used by the second device to adjust a local clock
  • the geometric time delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device can be eliminated, thereby achieving the purpose of high-precision, low-cost and low-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • the present application provides a two-way measurement method, which can further eliminate the first time delay ⁇ g_12 associated with the geometric distance.
  • the method requires the second device to adjust the clock, and the method includes: the first device detects the sixth multi-carrier signal, wherein the sixth multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers f 21 and f 22 , wherein the two sub-carriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum.
  • the first device determines the eleventh phase ⁇ ' 31 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 21 and the twelfth phase ⁇ ' 32 corresponding to the sub-carrier f 32 included in the sixth multi-carrier signal.
  • the sixth multi-carrier signal is a third multi-carrier signal sent by the second device and propagated through channels.
  • the first device receives second information, wherein the second information is used to indicate the fifth phase and the sixth phase corresponding to the third multi-carrier signal.
  • the fifth phase ⁇ ' 21 corresponds to the sub-carrier signal f 21
  • the sixth phase ⁇ ' 22 corresponds to the sub-carrier f 22 .
  • the first device determines a second adjustment amount ⁇ 21 according to the fifth phase difference, the sixth phase difference and the fifth frequency difference.
  • the first device sends fourth information, wherein the fourth information is used to indicate the second adjustment amount ⁇ 21 , and the second adjustment amount is used by the second device to adjust the local clock.
  • the first device sends a fifth multi-carrier signal, wherein the fifth multi-carrier signal includes at least two subcarriers f 31 , f 32 , wherein the two subcarriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum.
  • the first device determines a ninth phase ⁇ 21 corresponding to subcarrier f 31 and a tenth phase ⁇ 22 corresponding to subcarrier f 32 included in the fifth multicarrier signal.
  • the first device sends third information, wherein the third information is used to indicate the ninth phase ⁇ 21 and the tenth phase ⁇ 22 corresponding to the fifth multicarrier signal, and the fifth multicarrier signal and the third information are used by the second device to adjust the local clock.
  • the geometric time delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device can be eliminated, thereby achieving the purpose of high-precision, low-cost and low-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • the second device sends the third multi-carrier signal and the first device sends the fifth multi-carrier signal in parallel. That is, the first device and the second device send the third multi-carrier signal and the fifth multi-carrier signal at the agreed time, respectively.
  • the response time of the first device and the second device can be offset, further improving the accuracy of time synchronization.
  • the second device sends the third multi-carrier signal and the second information
  • the first device sends the fifth multi-carrier signal and the third information in parallel
  • the parallel occurrence means that the second device and the first device each send a signal at the same agreed time;
  • the working mode of the first device and the second device can be a full-duplex mode.
  • the response time of the first device and the second device can be further offset, and the accuracy of time synchronization can be further improved.
  • the first device locally analyzes the phase, the third phase, and the fourth phase of the second multi-carrier signal, and obtains the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal; the first device sends the first information to indicate the third phase and the fourth phase corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal, and the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier.
  • a timestamp can be used to indicate the corresponding time information of the second multi-carrier signal. The timestamp can refer to the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 (00:00:00 GMT), and the first device can send the timestamp using a character sequence.
  • the second device can analyze and obtain the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ 2 corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 , f 2 included in the first multicarrier signal through the time information corresponding to the second multicarrier signal. Furthermore, due to the transmission through the channel, the subcarrier frequencies f 1 , f 2 included in the first multicarrier signal may change slightly, and the second device can analyze and obtain each subcarrier f' 1 , f' 2 included in the first multicarrier signal through the corresponding moment marked by the timestamp. By sending and obtaining the time information corresponding to the multicarrier signal, the accuracy of time synchronization can be further improved.
  • the first multi-carrier signal includes a first subcarrier f 1 , a second subcarrier f 2 and a third subcarrier f 3 , and the first subcarrier, the second subcarrier and the third subcarrier correspond to different frequencies respectively.
  • the third frequency difference ⁇ f is greater than the fourth frequency difference ⁇ ”'f.
  • the measurement range is inversely proportional to the frequency difference, and when the frequency difference is equally spaced, the measurement error in calculating the signal delay difference will increase, by setting the signal in this way, when calculating the signal delay difference based on the interference measurement technology, it is possible to expand the measurement range (that is, the distance range between the first device and the second device) and reduce the measurement error in calculating the signal delay difference.
  • the third frequency difference ⁇ f is K times the fourth frequency difference ⁇ ”’f, where K is a positive integer. That is, the frequency difference between the corresponding frequency points of each subcarrier on the spectrum can be increased in geometric proportion, thereby further improving the operation speed, quickly calculating the ambiguity, and saving frequency point resources.
  • K is 2.
  • a series of binary index sequences are generated, such as ⁇ 2 i-1 ⁇ , where i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, so as to assist in the rapid calculation of ambiguity and improve the operation speed.
  • a communication device may include a module or unit corresponding to the method/operation/step/action described in the first aspect.
  • the module or unit may be a hardware circuit, or software, or a combination of a hardware circuit and software.
  • the device may include a transceiver module and a signal processing module.
  • the transceiver module is used to receive the first multi-carrier signal and the first information.
  • the processing unit uses empirical formulas, neural network models, transfer functions, convolution formulas, etc. to take the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 , and the first frequency difference ⁇ f as input quantities to output an adjustment quantity or a clock difference to adjust the local clock of the second device, thereby synchronizing the time of the first device with the second device.
  • the processing unit determines a first adjustment value according to the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 and the first frequency difference ⁇ f, the first adjustment value is used for time synchronization of the first device and the second device, and the first adjustment value ⁇ satisfies the following conditions:
  • the processing unit performs time synchronization with the first device according to the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 and the first frequency difference ⁇ f, while taking into account the first time delay.
  • the processing unit determines a first adjustment value according to the first phase difference ⁇ 1 , the second phase difference ⁇ 2 and the first frequency difference ⁇ f, where the first adjustment value is used for time synchronization between the first device and the second device, and the first adjustment value ⁇ satisfies the following conditions:
  • the transceiver unit can also be used to send a third multi-carrier signal, send the second information, receive a fourth multi-carrier signal, and receive the third information.
  • the processing unit obtains a third adjustment amount according to the third multi-carrier signal and the second information, and adjusts the local clock according to the third adjustment amount.
  • the transceiver unit can also be used to receive a fourth multi-carrier signal, receive the third information, receive a fourth multi-carrier signal, receive the third information, and receive the fourth information.
  • the processing unit obtains a third adjustment amount according to the third multi-carrier signal and the second information; obtains a second adjustment amount according to the fourth information; and adjusts the local clock according to the second adjustment amount and the third adjustment amount.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal, wherein the time information may be determined according to a timestamp included in the first information.
  • the first multi-carrier signal received by the transceiver module includes a first subcarrier f 1 , a second subcarrier f 2 and a third subcarrier f 3 , and the first subcarrier, the second subcarrier and the third subcarrier correspond to different frequencies respectively.
  • the third frequency difference ⁇ f is greater than the fourth frequency difference ⁇ ”'f.
  • the third frequency difference ⁇ f is K times the fourth frequency difference ⁇ ”'f, and K is a positive integer. Further, K is 2.
  • a communication device may include a module or unit corresponding to the method/operation/step/action described in the second aspect.
  • the module or unit may be a hardware circuit, or software, or a combination of a hardware circuit and software.
  • the device may include a transceiver module and a signal processing module.
  • the transceiver module is used to receive the sixth multi-carrier signal and the second information; the processing module is used to detect the second multi-carrier signal, thereby determining the third phase ⁇ 1 and the fourth phase ⁇ 2 corresponding to the first multi-carrier signal.
  • the transceiver unit may also receive the sixth multi-carrier signal, receive the second information, send the fifth multi-carrier signal, and send the third information.
  • the processing unit adjusts the local clock according to the sixth multi-carrier signal and the second information.
  • the transceiver unit can also be used to receive the sixth multi-carrier signal, receive the second information, send the fifth multi-carrier signal, send the third information, and the fourth information.
  • the processing unit obtains the second adjustment amount according to the sixth multi-carrier signal and the second information.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal, wherein the time information may be determined according to a timestamp and sent through the first information.
  • the second multi-carrier signal sent by the transceiver module includes a first subcarrier f 1 , a second subcarrier f 2 and a third subcarrier f 3 , and the first subcarrier, the second subcarrier and the third subcarrier correspond to different frequencies respectively.
  • the third frequency difference ⁇ f is greater than the fourth frequency difference ⁇ "'f.
  • a chip comprising a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that part or all of the steps of the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof are executed.
  • a computer-readable storage medium in which a computer program or instruction is stored.
  • the computer program or instruction is executed by a processor, part or all of the steps of the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof are executed.
  • a computer program product is provided. When the computer program product is run, part or all of the steps of the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof are executed.
  • a communication system comprising a first communication device provided by the third aspect and various possible implementations of the aforementioned aspects, and a second communication device provided by the fourth aspect and various possible implementations of the aforementioned aspects.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the present application for achieving time synchronization between a first device and a second device based on interference measurement technology.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of implementing time synchronization between a first device and a second device based on interference measurement technology of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating signal delay difference in the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of time synchronization between a first device and a second device based on interference measurement technology of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a method for eliminating geometric delay difference through a two-way measurement method of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another method of offsetting geometric delay difference through a two-way measurement method of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for realizing time synchronization based on interferometric measurement technology in the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a simulation result of the time synchronization solution of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of characteristic settings of a multi-carrier signal sent by a first device and a second device of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another characteristic setting of a multi-carrier signal sent by a first device and a second device of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for locally analyzing multi-carrier signals in an implementation device of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a device for implementing a time synchronization method based on interferometry according to the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first device and a second device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a time synchronization method, which can improve the accuracy of time synchronization between devices and reduce costs.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD LTE time division duplex
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR new radio
  • 6G sixth generation
  • NTN non-terrestrial networks
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • RIS reconfigurable intelligent surface
  • the NTN system includes non-ground equipment, which can be used as base stations, terminal equipment, or relay equipment.
  • Non-ground equipment can be drones, hot air balloons, low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites, high-orbit satellites, or high altitude platform station (HAPS) equipment.
  • HAPS high altitude platform station
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is applicable to both homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios, and there is no restriction on the transmission point. It can be multi-point coordinated transmission between macro base stations, micro base stations, and macro base stations. It is applicable to FDD/TDD systems.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is not only applicable to low-frequency scenarios (sub 6G), but also to high-frequency scenarios (above 6GHz), terahertz, optical communications, etc.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be applied not only to the communication between network devices and terminals, but also to the communication between network devices and network devices, the communication between terminals, the Internet of Vehicles, the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet, etc.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the scenario where the terminal is connected to a single base station, wherein the base station to which the terminal is connected and the core network (CN) to which the base station is connected are of the same standard or different standards.
  • the CN is 5G CN
  • the base station is a 5G base station
  • the 5G base station is directly connected to the 5G CN
  • the CN is 5G CN
  • the base station is a 4G base station
  • the 4G base station is directly connected to the 5G Core.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to the dual connectivity (DC) scenario where the terminal is connected to at least two base stations.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application can be a device with wireless transceiver function, which can refer to user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device.
  • UE user equipment
  • access terminal subscriber unit
  • subscriber unit user station
  • mobile station mobile station
  • remote station remote terminal
  • mobile device user terminal
  • wireless communication device user agent or user device.
  • the terminal device can also be a satellite phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a wireless data card, a wireless modem, a machine type communication device, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a customer-premises equipment (CPE), an intelligent point of sale (POS), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a communication device carried on a high-altitude aircraft, a wearable device, a drone, a robot, a device-to-device communication
  • D2D device-to-device
  • terminals in V2X virtual reality
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • the device for realizing the function of the terminal device may be the terminal device; or it may be a device capable of supporting the terminal device to realize the function, such as a chip system.
  • the device may be installed in the terminal device or used in combination with the terminal device.
  • the chip system may be composed of a chip, or may include a chip and other discrete devices.
  • the network device in the embodiment of the present application is a device with wireless transceiver functions, and is an access network device for communicating with a terminal device.
  • the access network device may be a node in a radio access network (RAN), which may also be referred to as a base station, or a RAN node.
  • RAN radio access network
  • the access network device may also be a device having some or all of the functions of a base station.
  • the base station adopts a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) architecture
  • the access network device may include a CU and/or a DU.
  • the access network device may be an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE; or a base station in a 5G network such as a next-generation base station (gNodeB, gNB) or a base station in a public land mobile network (PLMN) evolved after 5G, a broadband network service gateway (BNG), an aggregation switch, or a third generation partnership project (3GPP) access device, etc.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • gNB next-generation base station
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • BNG broadband network service gateway
  • 3GPP third generation partnership project
  • the network devices in the embodiments of the present application may also include various forms of base stations, such as: macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, transmission points (transmitting and receiving points, TRP), transmitting points (transmitting points, TP), mobile switching centers, and devices that perform base station functions in drone communications, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, etc., and network devices in NTN communication systems, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • base stations such as: macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, transmission points (transmitting and receiving points, TRP), transmitting points (transmitting points, TP), mobile switching centers, and devices that perform base station functions in drone communications, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, etc., and network devices in NTN communication systems, which are
  • the device for realizing the function of the network device in the embodiment of the present application may be a network device, or a device capable of supporting the network device to realize the function, such as a chip system.
  • the device may be installed in the network device or used in combination with the network device.
  • the chip system in the embodiment of the present application may be composed of a chip, or may include a chip and other discrete devices.
  • a time synchronization method which can calculate the signal delay difference based on the interference measurement technology, so as to obtain the clock difference for time synchronization of the first device and the second device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the present application for realizing time synchronization between a first device and a second device based on interferometric measurement technology.
  • the time synchronization solution of the present application can be applied to a scenario where a terminal is connected to multiple network devices.
  • TDOA time difference of arrival
  • the time synchronization solution of the present application can be applied to a scenario where a terminal is connected to a network device.
  • a terminal is connected to a network device.
  • the time synchronization error will directly lead to the inaccurate positioning of the terminal device 111 by the network device 112, and the technical solution of the present application can achieve higher time synchronization accuracy at a lower cost, thereby improving the positioning accuracy.
  • the time synchronization solution of the present application can be applied to multi-station collaboration. The technical solution of the present application can achieve higher time synchronization accuracy at a lower cost, thereby improving perception performance.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of implementing time synchronization of a first device and a second device based on interferometric measurement technology in the present application.
  • the signal of the same signal source has a signal delay difference between the first device and the second device.
  • ⁇ 12 ⁇ g_12 + ⁇ clk + n 1 ⁇ r .
  • ⁇ g_12 is the geometric delay, that is, the delay difference caused by the geometric distance between the first device and the second device.
  • the geometric distance can refer to the route taken by the signal during propagation, which is only related to the distance between the first device and the second device.
  • ⁇ clk is the clock difference, that is, the delay caused by the lack of synchronization between the local independent clock t clk1 of the first device and the local independent clock t clk2 of the second device.
  • n 1 ⁇ r is the integer ambiguity, that is, the number of unknown integer wavelengths contained in the estimated value of the delay, where n 1 is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, ⁇ r is an integer ambiguity, and the integer ambiguity n 1 ⁇ r can be eliminated in the process of calculating the signal delay difference ⁇ 12 by constraining the calculated value.
  • ⁇ 21 ⁇ g_12 - ⁇ clk + n 2 ⁇ r .
  • ⁇ g_12 is the geometric delay, that is, the delay difference caused by the geometric distance between the first device and the second device.
  • ⁇ clk is the clock difference.
  • n 2 ⁇ r is the integer ambiguity, where n 2 is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, ⁇ r is an integer ambiguity, and the integer ambiguity n 2 ⁇ r can be eliminated in the process of calculating the signal delay difference ⁇ 21 by constraining the calculated value.
  • the integer ambiguity can be eliminated, for example, by constraining eliminate.
  • the time synchronization between the first device and the second device is achieved, and the effect of high-precision, low-cost, and low-process-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device is further achieved when the geometric distance between the first device and the second device is unknown.
  • the signal delay difference calculated based on the interference measurement technology referred to in this application can be based on sending a multi-carrier signal from the first device to the second device.
  • the multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers, each of which corresponds to a different discrete frequency point on the spectrum, and the frequency point fi (i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1) corresponding to each sub-carrier on the spectrum can be set to f1 ⁇ fi .
  • the multi-carrier signal sent by the first device and not transmitted through the channel is referred to as the second multi-carrier signal; the multi-carrier signal received by the second device after propagation between channels is referred to as the first multi-carrier signal.
  • the first device can locally analyze and obtain the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the second multicarrier signal, and send the second multicarrier signal and the first information to the second device.
  • the first information is used to indicate that the first device locally analyzes and obtains the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the second multicarrier signal.
  • the second device After the second device receives the first multicarrier signal transmitted between channels, the second device locally analyzes and obtains the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi of the first multicarrier signal , and differentiates the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi of the first multicarrier signal from the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the second multicarrier signal, obtains ⁇ i from ⁇ ′ i - ⁇ i , and calculates the signal delay difference according to the frequency difference between each subcarrier f 1 to fi and ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i .
  • the first device may locally analyze and obtain the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the second multicarrier signal, and the time information corresponding to the second multicarrier signal locally in the first device.
  • the first device sends the second multicarrier signal and the first information to the second device.
  • the first information is used to indicate that the first device locally analyzes and obtains the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the second multicarrier signal , and the time information corresponding to the second multicarrier signal.
  • the second device After the second device receives the first multi-carrier signal transmitted between channels, the second device analyzes and obtains the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the first multi-carrier signal locally through the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal, and differentiates the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi of the first multi-carrier signal from the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each subcarrier f 1 to fi included in the second multi-carrier signal, such as obtaining ⁇ i by subtracting ⁇ ′ i - ⁇ i , and calculating the signal delay difference according to the frequency difference between each subcarrier f 1 to fi and ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i .
  • the second device can also analyze and obtain each subcarrier f′ 1 to f′ i included in the first multi-carrier signal locally through the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal, so as to further accurately calculate the signal delay difference.
  • the first device sends the second multi-carrier signal and the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal locally on the first device to the second device.
  • the second device After the second device receives the first multi-carrier signal transmitted between channels, the second device locally analyzes and obtains the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ i corresponding to each sub-carrier f 1 to fi included in the first multi-carrier signal, and uses the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal to reversely infer the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each sub-carrier f 1 to fi included in the first multi-carrier signal obtained by the first device locally.
  • the second device performs a difference between the phases ⁇ ′ 1 to ⁇ ′ i corresponding to each sub-carrier f 1 to fi of the first multi-carrier signal and the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to each sub-carrier f 1 to ⁇ i included in the second multi-carrier signal, such as obtaining ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i by dividing ⁇ ′ i - ⁇ i , and calculates the signal delay difference according to the frequency difference and ⁇ i between each sub-carrier f 1 to fi .
  • the complexity of the signal form sent by the first device to the second device can be reduced, thereby reducing the complexity of the process.
  • the frequency difference between each subcarrier f 1 ⁇ fi and the calculation method of ⁇ 1 ⁇ i uniformly using the corresponding difference between the first multi-carrier signal and the second multi-carrier signal are for schematic illustration, and the specific calculation method and the positive and negative nature are determined according to the actual situation.
  • the phase difference can also be the phase of the second multi-carrier signal minus the phase of the first multi-carrier signal.
  • a timestamp may be used to indicate the corresponding time information of the second multi-carrier signal.
  • the timestamp may refer to the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 (00:00:00 GMT), and the first device may send the timestamp using a character sequence.
  • the signal delay difference is calculated by adopting the interference measurement method based on local correlation, that is, the second device locally analyzes and obtains the phases corresponding to the first multi-carrier signal and the second multi-carrier signal, respectively, and then obtains the delay difference based on the measured phases.
  • This method is used in round trip time (RTT) measurements, and a round trip time measurement method with a simple form and small system error can be obtained.
  • RTT round trip time
  • directly sending the signal phase can reduce the amount of information in the interaction process and avoid the transmission of the sampled original data.
  • this method avoids the use of cross-correlation to calculate the phase difference, which not only reduces the amount of calculation but also avoids the problem of signal-to-noise ratio deterioration that may be caused by the cross-correlation method, thereby improving the synchronization accuracy.
  • the present application does not limit how the second device calculates the signal delay difference according to the frequency difference between subcarriers f 1 -fi and ⁇ i .
  • the calculation method may be a mapping relationship obtained by fitting a large amount of experimental data, or a dedicated neural network model trained based on a large amount of experimental data.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a signal delay difference of the present application.
  • the signal delay difference ⁇ 12 can be obtained by the formula Obtained.
  • f1 is the frequency of the first subcarrier included in the first multi-carrier signal
  • f2 is the frequency of the second subcarrier included in the first multi-carrier signal.
  • ⁇ 1 is the difference in the phase of the first subcarrier obtained by local analysis of the first device and the second device
  • ⁇ 2 is the difference in the phase of the second subcarrier obtained by local analysis of the first device and the second device.
  • the slope of the straight line can be obtained by straight line fitting, that is, the signal delay difference ⁇ 12 .
  • the second device may also directly output an adjustment amount or a clock difference ⁇ clk by using the frequency difference between the input quantities f 1 to f i and ⁇ i through a transfer function, a convolution formula, etc., so as to adjust the local clock of the second device, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the second device directly outputs an adjustment amount or a clock difference ⁇ clk by using the frequency difference between the input quantities f 1 to f i , ⁇ i , and a first delay amount through a transfer function, a convolution formula, etc., so as to adjust the local clock of the second device, wherein the first delay amount is associated with a geometric distance between the first device and the second device, and the geometric distance may refer to a distance that a signal propagates between the first device and the second device.
  • the first delay amount may be a geometric delay amount ⁇ g_12 .
  • time synchronization method of the present application will be described in conjunction with a specific interaction process between the first device and the second device.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a method of implementing time synchronization of a first device and a second device based on the interferometric measurement technology of the present application.
  • the method is applicable when the geometric distance between the first device and the second device is known, and includes the steps of:
  • the first device sends a second multi-carrier signal to the second device, where the second multi-carrier signal includes at least two sub-carriers.
  • the second multi-carrier signal includes: sub-carriers fi -fi , where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first device sends indication information to the second device, where the indication information is used to instruct the first device to perform time synchronization with the second device.
  • the first device may send an indication information packet for time synchronization and interference measurement to the second device.
  • the indication information packet may include indication information and parameters for interference measurement, wherein the indication information is used to indicate that the first device and the second device perform time synchronization, and the parameters for interference measurement may include a time synchronization period, signal parameters, etc.
  • the time synchronization period is used to specify the period for performing a time synchronization operation.
  • Signal parameters include a center frequency, a frequency difference, a number of frequencies, etc., which are used to specify the characteristics of the multi-carrier signal sent by the first device to the second device and received by the second device.
  • the first device and the second device may also obtain the above parameters by methods such as local pre-setting, and the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first device sends first information to the second device, where the first information is used to indicate phases ⁇ 1 ⁇ i corresponding to subcarriers f 1 ⁇ fi included in a second multicarrier signal obtained by local analysis by the first device.
  • the first information directly indicates the phases ⁇ 1 - ⁇ i corresponding to the subcarriers f 1 -fi included in the second multi-carrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis.
  • the first information directly indicates the phases ⁇ 1 - ⁇ i corresponding to the subcarriers f 1 -fi included in the second multicarrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis, and the time information corresponding to the second multicarrier signal locally in the first device.
  • the first information is used to indicate the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal locally in the first device
  • the second device uses the time information corresponding to the second multi-carrier signal to reversely deduce the phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ i corresponding to the subcarriers f 1 to fi included in the second multi-carrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis.
  • the second device receives the first multi-carrier signal, and locally analyzes the phases ⁇ ' 1 to ⁇ ' i corresponding to each sub-carrier and the frequencies f 1 to fi corresponding to each sub-carrier included in the first multi-carrier signal.
  • the first multi-carrier signal is the signal after the second multi-carrier signal sent by the first device is propagated between channels.
  • the second device performs differential analysis based on the phases obtained by local analysis of the first device and the second device, such as obtaining ⁇ i by converting ⁇ ′ i - ⁇ i , and the frequency difference between the subcarriers f 1 -fi included in the second multi-carrier signal, to perform time synchronization with the first device.
  • the second device may synchronize time with the first device in the following manner:
  • Mode a The second device directly outputs an adjustment value or clock difference ⁇ clk by inputting the frequency difference between subcarriers f 1 -fi and ⁇ i through transfer function, convolution formula, etc., to adjust the local clock of the second device so that the first device and the second device are synchronized in time.
  • Mode b The second device obtains the clock difference ⁇ clk by inputting the frequency difference and ⁇ i between the subcarriers f 1 to f i and according to the first delay associated with the geometric distance between the first device and the second device, such as by a transfer function, a convolution formula, etc., and adjusts the local clock of the second device so that the time of the first device and the second device are synchronized.
  • the first delay may be a geometric delay ⁇ g_12 .
  • the first delay corresponding to the geometric distance between the first device and the second device is the geometric delay ⁇ g_12 .
  • the local clock of the second device may be adjusted according to the clock difference ⁇ clk , for example, to t clk2 - ⁇ clk , so that the time of the first device is synchronized with that of the second device.
  • the frequency difference between each subcarrier f 1 ⁇ f i , ⁇ 1 ⁇ i uniformly uses the calculation method of the difference between the first multi-carrier signal and the corresponding multi-carrier signal for schematic illustration, and its specific calculation method and positive and negative are determined according to actual conditions.
  • the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on the information conveyed by the first multi-carrier signal. Furthermore, the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on the signal form in which the first information is specifically carried. As a possible implementation method, the first information is carried on the second multi-carrier signal.
  • the present application provides a two-way measurement method, which can further eliminate the geometric delay ⁇ g — 12 , thereby calculating the clock difference through the signal delay difference.
  • the second device is time synchronized with the first device by adjusting the clock of the second device according to the phases corresponding to the first multi-carrier signal and the second multi-carrier signal obtained locally and the frequency difference of the first multi-carrier signal. This can achieve high-precision time synchronization between devices while avoiding the use of expensive high-stability atomic clocks, thereby reducing costs.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a method for eliminating geometric delay difference by a two-way measurement method of the present application.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • the second device sends a third multi-carrier signal to the first device, where the third multi-carrier signal includes sub-carriers f 21 ⁇ f 2i , where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the second device sends second information to the first device, where the second information is used to indicate phases ⁇ 21 ⁇ 2i corresponding to subcarriers f 21 ⁇ f 2i included in the second multicarrier signal obtained by local analysis by the second device.
  • the second information directly indicates the phases ⁇ 21 ⁇ 2i corresponding to the subcarriers f 21 ⁇ f 2i included in the third multicarrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis.
  • the first information directly indicates the phases ⁇ 21 ⁇ 2i corresponding to the subcarriers f 21 ⁇ f 2i included in the third multicarrier signal obtained by the first device in local analysis, and the time information corresponding to the third multicarrier signal locally in the first device.
  • the first information is used to indicate the time information corresponding to the third multi-carrier signal locally in the first device
  • the second device uses the time information corresponding to the third multi-carrier signal to reversely infer the phases ⁇ 21 ⁇ 2i corresponding to each subcarrier f 21 ⁇ f 2i included in the third multi-carrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis.
  • the first device obtains a second adjustment amount according to the received third multi-carrier signal and the second information after being propagated between channels.
  • the first device sends a fourth multi-carrier signal to the second device, where the fourth multi-carrier signal includes sub-carriers f 31 ⁇ f 3i , where i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first device sends third information to the second device, where the third information is used to indicate phases ⁇ 31 ⁇ 3i corresponding to subcarriers f 31 ⁇ f 3i included in a fourth multicarrier signal obtained by local analysis by the first device.
  • the second information directly indicates the phases ⁇ 31 ⁇ 3i corresponding to the subcarriers f 31 ⁇ f 3i included in the fourth multicarrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis.
  • the first information directly indicates the phases ⁇ 31 ⁇ 3i corresponding to the subcarriers f 31 ⁇ f 3i included in the fourth multicarrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis, and time information corresponding to the fourth multicarrier signal locally in the first device.
  • the first information is used to indicate the time information corresponding to the fourth multi-carrier signal locally in the first device
  • the second device uses the time information corresponding to the fourth multi-carrier signal to reversely infer the phases ⁇ 21 ⁇ 2i corresponding to each subcarrier f 21 ⁇ f 2i included in the fourth multi-carrier signal obtained by the first device through local analysis.
  • the second device obtains a third adjustment amount according to the received fourth multi-carrier signal and the third information after being propagated between channels.
  • the geometric delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device can be eliminated, thereby achieving high-precision, low-cost and low-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • the signal delay difference is calculated by using the interferometric measurement method based on local correlation, that is, the first device and the second device respectively analyze the phase of the first multi-carrier signal locally, and then calculate the delay difference.
  • the delay difference calculated based on the interferometric measurement method based on local correlation can eliminate the system error caused by the device response time of the first device and the second device, and improve the measurement accuracy of the geometric delay.
  • step S311 and step S331 may occur in parallel, that is, the first device and the second device send a third multi-carrier signal and a fourth multi-carrier signal to each other at the agreed time; further, step S311, the second device sends the second information, and step S331, the first device sends the third information, which occur in parallel; further, the working mode of the first device and the second device is full-duplex mode, so as to further offset the response time of the first device and the second device and further improve the accuracy of time synchronization.
  • the present application does not impose specific restrictions on the information conveyed by the third multi-carrier signal and the fourth multi-carrier signal. At the same time, the present application does not impose specific restrictions on the signal form carried by the second information and the third information.
  • the second information is carried on the third multi-carrier signal.
  • the third information is carried on the fourth multi-carrier signal.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another method for offsetting geometric delay difference by a two-way measurement method of the present application.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • S411, S412, S420, S431, S432, and S440 correspond to steps S311, S312, S320, S331, S332, and S340 in Figure 5, respectively, and are not repeated here.
  • step S450 the first device sends fourth information to the second device, where the fourth information indicates the second adjustment amount.
  • the geometric delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device can be eliminated, thereby achieving high-precision, low-cost and low-complexity time synchronization between the first device and the second device.
  • the signal delay difference is calculated by using the interferometric measurement method based on local correlation, that is, the first device and the second device respectively analyze the phase of the first multi-carrier signal locally, and then calculate the delay difference.
  • the delay difference calculated based on the interferometric measurement method based on local correlation can eliminate the system error caused by the device response time of the first device and the second device, and improve the measurement accuracy of the geometric delay.
  • the present application can eliminate the geometric delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device by implementing the steps shown in FIG. 5 and/or FIG. 6, and calculate the clock difference ⁇ clk between the first device and the second device by implementing the steps shown in FIG. 4 multiple times, so that the first device and the second device can achieve time synchronization.
  • the geometric delay and clock difference between the first device and the second device can be eliminated in real time in a closed-loop manner, thereby achieving high-precision time synchronization.
  • phase difference frequency difference
  • clock difference delay amount and adjustment amount in the above description are schematic illustrations for easy understanding, and their specific calculation methods and positive and negative properties are determined according to actual conditions.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for realizing time synchronization based on interferometric measurement technology in the present application.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • the first device sends an indication information packet to the second device, which includes indication information and parameters for interference measurement, wherein the indication information is used to instruct the first device to perform time synchronization with the second device; the parameters for interference measurement may include a time synchronization period, signal parameters, etc.
  • S511, S512, S520, S531, S532, and S540 correspond to steps S411, S412, S420, S431, S432, and S440 in Figure 5, respectively, and are not repeated here.
  • the geometric delay ⁇ g_12 corresponding to the distance between the first device and the second device is eliminated.
  • the signal delay difference is calculated based on the interferometric measurement technology and implemented multiple times:
  • S531 and S532 correspond to steps S210 and S220 shown in FIG. 4 , respectively, and are not described in detail here.
  • the second device obtains the clock difference ⁇ clk according to the adjustment amount obtained in the above steps, and adjusts the local clock of the second device, so that the first device is time synchronized with the second device.
  • the second device analyzes that the two stations have reached synchronization at this time, and the second device sends a second indication information to the first device, and the second indication information is used to instruct the first device to adjust the signal structure sent, so that the multi-carrier signal sent by the first device includes only two subcarriers, wherein the two subcarriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum, respectively, to achieve the purpose of saving transmission resources.
  • the second indication information is used to instruct the first device to adjust the signal structure sent, so that the multi-carrier signal sent by the first device includes three subcarriers, wherein the three subcarriers correspond to separate frequency points on the spectrum, respectively, to achieve the purpose of saving transmission resources while making the stability of time synchronization stronger.
  • FIG8 shows the simulation results of the time synchronization scheme of the present application.
  • the present application can perform high-precision estimation of the clock difference of the first and second devices within the integration time of ms. Therefore, it is possible to generate a high-precision dual-device time synchronization correction amount within the integration time of ms, thereby realizing the correction of the rapidly changing dual-device clock difference.
  • the measurement signal used includes multiple subcarriers, where the multiple subcarriers correspond to discrete frequency points on the spectrum, and the method of selecting the frequency points of the measurement signal with equal frequency differences is adopted, it will consume too many frequency resources and increase the amount of calculation.
  • the characteristics of the multi-carrier signal sent by the first device to the second device can be set, so as to further optimize the technical solution of calculating the signal delay difference based on the interference measurement technology of the present application.
  • a multi-carrier signal can be sent from the first device to the second device, wherein the signal includes at least three subcarriers, and the three subcarriers correspond to discrete frequency points in the spectrum.
  • the frequency points of the first subcarrier and the second subcarrier have a first frequency difference
  • the frequency points of the second subcarrier and the third subcarrier have a second frequency difference.
  • the first frequency difference is greater than the second frequency difference.
  • the measurement range is inversely proportional to the frequency difference, and when the frequency difference is equally spaced, the measurement error when calculating the signal delay difference will increase, by setting the signal in this way, when calculating the signal delay difference based on the interference measurement technology, it is possible to expand the measurement range (i.e., the distance range between the first device and the second device) and reduce the measurement error when calculating the signal delay difference.
  • the first frequency difference can be set to an integer multiple of the second frequency difference.
  • the frequency difference between the frequency points corresponding to each subcarrier on the spectrum can be increased in geometric proportion, thereby further improving the calculation speed, quickly calculating the ambiguity, and saving frequency point resources.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a characteristic setting of a multi-carrier signal sent by a first device and a second device of the present invention.
  • the frequency point fi i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • f 0 is the center frequency.
  • the values of the frequencies symmetrical about the center frequency are It also meets the application requirements.
  • FIG10 is another schematic diagram of the characteristic setting of a multi-carrier signal sent by the first device and the second device of the present application.
  • the second device when the second device performs a differential according to the phase obtained by the local analysis of the first device and the second device, a series of binary exponential sequences are generated, such as ⁇ 2 i-1 ⁇ , where i is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, thereby assisting in the rapid calculation of ambiguity and improving the operation speed.
  • the characteristics of the multi-carrier signal can be set to the pilot signal of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, referred to as OFDM), and multiple subcarriers can be used to generate a signal corresponding to the characteristics of the frequency point on the spectrum.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the clock correction amount can be generated at the integration time of ms level to synchronize the clocks of the two stations. Furthermore, the phase noise changes rapidly, and the time synchronization correction operation with a short integration time can track the clock difference caused by the phase noise and eliminate it.
  • the time synchronization method proposed in the present application has the potential to achieve wireless time synchronization at the level of 100ps to 10ps when using a general crystal oscillator. Therefore, the present application can achieve high-precision time synchronization of two stations at a low cost.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a device for locally analyzing multi-carrier signals in the implementation device of the present application.
  • the first device first generate data; and encode, modulate, map and other steps of the data to obtain a digital signal; then perform digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) on the generated digital signal to obtain an analog signal; convert the medium and low frequency analog signal into a high frequency signal through an up-converter, and amplify the high frequency signal through a power amplifier to obtain a valid signal to be sent; the first device obtains the transmitted multi-carrier signal through a local antenna, and converts the high frequency signal into a medium and low frequency signal through a receiving down-converter; then perform analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) on the medium and low frequency signal to obtain a digital signal; perform demodulation, decoding and other steps on the digital signal
  • ADC analog-to-digital conversion
  • the first device can obtain the multi-carrier signal sent by the second device through the local antenna and transmitted between channels, and convert the high-frequency signal into medium- and low-frequency signals through the receiving down-converter; then perform ADC on the medium- and low-frequency signals to obtain digital signals; perform demodulation, decoding and other steps on the digital signals to obtain data; and use signal processing methods to measure the phase of the signal.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a communication device for implementing a time synchronization method based on interferometry of the present application.
  • the device 600 comprises: 601 a transceiver module for communicating with the outside, which may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit; 602 a processing module for performing data processing.
  • Device 600 can be used to execute the actions performed by the first device side in the above method embodiment as shown in Figures 4 to 7.
  • Transceiver module 601 is used to execute the operations related to sending and receiving as shown in Figures 4 to 7 on the first device side in the above method embodiment.
  • Processing module 602 is used to execute the operations related to the processing as shown in Figures 4 to 7 on the first device side in the above method embodiment.
  • Device 600 can be used to execute the actions performed by the second device in the above method embodiment as shown in Figures 4 to 7.
  • Transceiver module 601 is used to execute the sending and receiving operations related to Figures 4 to 7 on the second device side in the above method embodiment.
  • Processing module 602 is used to execute the processing on the second device side in the above method embodiment as shown in Figures 4 to 7.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first device and a second device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device includes at least one processor 701 and at least one transceiver 703.
  • the first device may further include at least one memory 702, at least one output device 704 or at least one input device 705.
  • the processor 701, the memory 702 and the transceiver 703 are connected via a communication line.
  • the communication line may include a path to transmit information between the above components.
  • Processor 701 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
  • processor 701 may also include multiple CPUs, and processor 701 may be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits or processing cores for processing data.
  • the memory 702 may be a device with a storage function. For example, it may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.
  • the memory 702 may exist independently and be connected to the processor 701 through a communication line.
  • the memory 502 may also be integrated with the processor 701 .
  • the memory 702 is used to store computer-executable instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 701. Specifically, the processor 701 is used to execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 702, thereby implementing the random access method described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor 701 may also perform processing-related functions in the random access method provided in the following embodiments of the present application, and the transceiver 703 is responsible for communicating with other devices or communication networks, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer-executable instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application code or computer program code, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the transceiver 703 may use any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, RAN, or wireless local area networks (WLAN).
  • the transceiver 703 includes a transmitter (Tx) and a receiver (Rx).
  • the output device 704 communicates with the processor 701 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device 704 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LED light emitting diode
  • CRT cathode ray tube
  • the input device 705 communicates with the processor 701 and can accept user input in a variety of ways.
  • the input device 505 can be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensor device.
  • the second device includes at least one processor 801, at least one transceiver 803 and at least one network interface 804.
  • the second device may also include at least one memory 802.
  • the processor 801, the memory 802, the transceiver 803 and the network interface 804 are connected via a communication line.
  • the network interface 804 is used to connect to the core network device through a link (for example, an S1 interface), or to connect to the network interface of other second devices through a wired or wireless link (for example, an X2 interface) (not shown in Figure 13), and this embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the relevant description of the processor 801, the memory 802 and the transceiver 803 can refer to the description of the processor 801, the memory 802 and the transceiver 803 in the first device, which will not be repeated here.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a chip, which obtains instructions and executes the instructions to implement the above method.
  • the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, and the processor reads instructions stored in the memory through the communication interface to execute the above method.
  • the chip may further include a memory, in which instructions are stored, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory.
  • the processor is used to execute the above method.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores instructions, and the instructions are used in the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product including instructions, wherein the instructions are used to implement the method in the above method embodiment.
  • a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program and/or a computer.
  • applications running on a computing device and a computing device can be components.
  • One or more components may reside in a process and/or an execution thread, and a component may be located on a computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
  • these components may be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • Components may, for example, communicate through local and/or remote processes according to signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system and/or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems through signals).
  • signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system and/or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems through signals).
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种时间同步方法和装置，第一设备向第二设备发送第二多载波信号，并向第二设备发送第一信息用于指示第一设备本地分析确定的相位，第二设备接收第二多载波信号，并在第二设备本地分析确定相位，这样，第二设备可以根据第二多载波信号以及第一信息确定第二多载波信号对应的两地相位差、频差，从而调整本地时钟使得第一设备与第二设备时间同步，从而能够低成本地提高设备间时间同步的精度。

Description

一种时间同步方法和装置 技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，并且具体地，涉及通信领域中一种时间同步的方法和装置。
背景技术
高精度时间同步技术是众多应用场景的关键基础技术。例如，在通信领域中，在涉及多站的协同中，多站之间的时间不同步会引入位置的不确定度。此外目前的感知场景，收发之间的时间不同步会导致采集的数据中引入很大的随机相位噪声，影响感知效果。总结来说，低时间同步精度严重制约了感知性能的提升，限制了设备协同工作的应用场景范围。
目前民用通信基站主流的时间同步方式是基于全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,简称GNSS)的授时技术和基于电气和电子工程协会(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers，简称IEEE)1588v2协议的时间同步技术。这两种主流的时间同步方法授时精度在一些应用场景中精度不够。基于本地高稳原子钟的时钟驯服技术可以实现很高的精度,然而高稳原子钟价格昂贵。此外目前存在的其它时间同步方式也难以同时实现时间同步的高精度、低成本的效果。
发明内容
基于上述问题，本申请提供一种时间同步方法，基于干涉测量，能够同时实现时间同步的高精度以及低成本的效果。
第一方面，提供了一种时间同步方法，所述方法用于第二装置，从而使得第一装置与第二装置实现时间同步，所述方法包括步骤：第二装置检测第一多载波信号，其中第一多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 1，f 2，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点；第二装置确定第一多载波信号包括的子载波f 1对应的第一相位Φ’ 1，子载波f 2对应的第二相位Φ’ 2；其中第一多载波信号为第一装置发送经过信道间传播的第二多载波信号；第二装置接收第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于指示所述第二多载波信号对应的第三相位以及第四相位；其中，第三相位Φ 1对应子载波信号f 1，第四相位Φ 2对应子载波f 2；第二装置根据第一相位差、第二相位差和第一频差，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步；其中，所述第一相位差为所述第一相位和第三相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 1＝Φ’ 1-Φ 1。所述第二相位差为所述第二相位和第四相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 2＝Φ’ 2-Φ 2。所述第一频差为所述第一多载波信号对应的频差，在第一多载波信号中包括的子载波f 1，f 2对应频差为Δf＝f 2-f 1。
通过第二装置根据在本地得到的第一多载波信号、第二多载波信号分别对应的相位、第一多载波信号的频差调整第二装置的时钟，使得第二装置和第一装置时间同步，可以实现装置间时间同步的高精度的同时，避免使用昂贵的高稳原子钟，从而降低成本。
一些可能实现中，第二装置可以利用经验公式、神经网络模型、传递函数、卷积公式等，将第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf作为输入量输出调整量或者时钟差调整第二装置的本地时钟，从而使得第一装置与第二装置时间同步。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二装置根据第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频 差Δf确定第一调整量，所述第一调整量用于所述第一装置和所述第二装置的时间同步，且所述第一调整量Δτ满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000001
其中ΔΦ 1表示所述第一相位差，ΔΦ 2表示所述第二相位差，Δf表示所述第一频差。通过使用干涉测量法计算第一调整量，可以进一步实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低流程复杂度的时间同步的效果。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二装置根据第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，需要同时考虑第一时延量。其中，第一时延量关联于第一装置与第二装置之间的几何路程，其中该几何路程可以指信号在第一装置与第二装置传播的路程。其中，第一时延量可以为几何时延量Δτ g_12。通过进一步根据第一装置和第二装置间的几何路程，在使用经验公式、神经网络模型、传递函数、卷积公式等计算用于第二装置的输出量或者时钟差时，提高运算速度。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二装置根据第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf确定第一调整量，所述第一调整量用于所述第一装置和所述第二装置的时间同步，且所述第一调整量Δτ满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000002
其中ΔΦ 1表示第一相位差，ΔΦ 2表示第二相位差，Δf表示所述第一频差，Δτ g_12表示第一时延量。通过使用干涉测量法计算第一调整量，并直接扣除已知的几何时延量，可以进一步实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低流程复杂度的时间同步的效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，在第一装置与第二装置间的几何路程未知的情况下，本申请提供一种提供双程测量方法，可以进一步消除几何路程关联的第一时延量Δτ g_12。其中，该方法需要第一装置侧以及第二装置侧调整时钟，所述方法包括：第二装置发送第三多载波信号，其中第三多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 21，f 22，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点；第二装置确定第三多载波信号包括的子载波f 21对应的第五相位Φ’ 21，子载波f 2对应的第六相位Φ’ 22；第二装置发送第二信息，其中所述第二信息用于指示第三多载波信号对应的第五相位Φ’ 21以及第六相位Φ’ 22，所述第三多载波信号和所述第二信息用于所述第一装置调整本地时钟；第二装置检测第四多载波信号，其中第四多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 31，f 32，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点；第二装置确定所述第四多载波信号包括的子载波f 31对应的第七相位Φ’ 31，子载波f 32对应的第八相位Φ’ 32。其中第四多载波信号为第一装置发送经过信道间传播的第五多载波信号；第二装置接收第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示所述第五多载波信号对应的第九相位以及第十相位。其中，第九相位Φ 31对应子载波信号f 31，第十相位Φ 32对应子载波f 32； 第二装置根据第三相位差、第四相位差和第二频差，调整本地时钟；其中所述第三相位差为所述第七相位和第九相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 31＝Φ’ 31-Φ 31；所述第四相位差为所述第八相位和第十相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 32＝Φ’ 32-Φ 31；所述第二频差为所述第四多载波信号对应的频差，在第四多载波信号中包括的子载波f 32，f 31对应频差为Δ″f＝f 32-f 31；其中第二装置调整本地时钟的方法可以为：第二装置根据第三相位差ΔΦ 31、第四相位差ΔΦ 32和第二频差Δ″f获得第三调整量Δτ’ 12，从而调整本地时钟，如可以调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000003
通过该方式，可以使得第一装置与第二装置双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12被消除，从而实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低复杂度的时间同步的目的。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，在第一装置与第二装置间的几何路程未知的情况下，本申请提供一种提供双程测量方法，可以进一步消除几何路程关联的第一时延量Δτ g_12。其中，该方法需要第二装置侧调整时钟，所述方法包括：第二装置发送第三多载波信号，其中第三多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 21，f 22，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点。第二装置确定第三多载波信号包括的子载波f 21对应的第五相位Φ’ 21，子载波f 22对应的第六相位Φ’ 22。第二装置发送第二信息，其中所述第二信息用于指示第三多载波信号对应的第五相位Φ’ 21以及第六相位Φ’ 22，所述第三多载波信号和所述第二信息用于所述第一装置调整本地时钟。第二装置检测第四多载波信号，其中第四多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 31，f 32，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点。第二装置确定所述第四多载波信号包括的子载波f 31对应的第七相位Φ’ 31，子载波f 32对应的第八相位Φ’ 32。其中第四多载波信号为第一装置发送经过信道间传播的第五多载波信号。第二装置接收第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示所述第五多载波信号对应的第九相位以及第十相位。其中，第九相位Φ 31对应子载波信号f 31，第十相位Φ 32对应子载波f 32。第二装置根据第三相位差、第四相位差和第二频差，确认第三调整量Δτ’ 12。其中所述第三相位差为所述第七相位和第九相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 31＝Φ’ 31-Φ 31。所述第四相位差为所述第八相位和第十相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 32＝Φ’ 32-Φ 31。所述第二频差为所述第四多载波信号对应的频差，在第四多载波信号中包括的子载波f 32，f 31对应频差为Δ″f＝f 32-f 31。第二装置接收第四信息，其中所述第四信息用于指示第二调整量Δτ 21。第二装置根据第二调整量以及第三调整量Δτ’ 12调整本地时钟，如可以调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000004
通过该方式，可以使得第一装置与第二装置双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12被消除，从而实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低复杂度的时间同步的目的。
第二方面，提供了一种时间同步方法，所述方法需要第一装置，从而使得第一装置与第二装置实现时间同步，所述方法包括步骤：第一装置发送第二多载波信号，其中第二多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 1，f 2，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点；第一装置确定第二多载波信号包括的子载波f 1对应的第三相位Φ 1，子载波f 2对应的第四相位Φ 2；第一装置发送第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于指示所述第二多载波信号对应的第三相位Φ 1以及第四相位Φ 2，所述第二多载波信号和所述第一信息用于第二装置调整本地时钟。
通过第二装置根据在本地得到的第一多载波信号、第二多载波信号分别对应的相位，第一多载波信号的频差调整第二装置的时钟，使得第二装置和第一装置时间同步，可以实现装置间时间同步的高精度的同时，避免使用昂贵的高稳原子钟，从而降低成本。
结合第二方面的一种实现方式，在第一装置与第二装置间的几何路程未知的情况下，本申请提供一种提供双程测量方法，可以进一步消除几何路程关联的第一时延量Δτ g_12。其中，该方法需要第一装置侧以及第二装置侧调整时钟，所述方法包括：第一装置检测第六多载波信号，其中第六多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 21，f 22，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点；第一装置确定所述第六多载波信号包括的子载波f 21对应的第十一相位Φ’ 31，子载波f 32对应的第十二相位Φ’ 32；其中所述第六多载波信号为第二装置发送经过信道间传播的第三多载波信号；第一装置接收第二信息，其中，所述第二信息用于指示所述第三多载波信号对应的第五相位以及第六相位；其中，第五相位Φ’ 21对应子载波信号f 21，第六相位Φ’ 22对应子载波f 22。第一装置根据第五相位差、第六相位差和第五频差，调整本地时钟；其中所述第五相位差为所述第十一相位和第五相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 21＝Φ’ 21-Φ 21。所述第六相位差为所述第十二相位和第六相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 22＝Φ’ 22-Φ 22。所述第五频差为所述第六多载波信号对应的频差，在第五多载波信号中包括的子载波f 22，f 21对应频差为Δ′f＝f 22-f 21；其中第一装置可以调整本地时钟为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000005
第一装置发送第五多载波信号，其中第五多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 31，f 32，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点；第一装置确定第五多载波信号包括的子载波f 31对应的第九相位Φ 21，子载波f 32对应的第十相位Φ 22；第一装置发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示第五多载波信号对应的第九相位Φ 21以及第十相位Φ 22，所述第五多载波信号和所述第三信息用于第二装置调整本地时钟。
通过该方式，可以使得第一装置与第二装置双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12被消除，从而实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低复杂度的时间同步的目的。
结合第二方面的一种实现方式，在第一装置与第二装置间的几何路程未知的情况下，本申请提供一种提供双程测量方法，可以进一步消除几何路程关联的第一时延量Δτ g_12。其中，该方法需要第二装置侧调整时钟，所述方法包括：第一装置检测第六多载波信号， 其中第六多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 21，f 22，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点。第一装置确定所述第六多载波信号包括的子载波f 21对应的第十一相位Φ’ 31，子载波f 32对应的第十二相位Φ’ 32。其中所述第六多载波信号为第二装置发送经过信道间传播的第三多载波信号。第一装置接收第二信息，其中，所述第二信息用于指示所述第三多载波信号对应的第五相位以及第六相位。其中，第五相位Φ’ 21对应子载波信号f 21，第六相位Φ’ 22对应子载波f 22。第一装置根据第五相位差、第六相位差和第五频差，确定第二调整量Δτ 21。其中所述第五相位差为所述第十一相位和第五相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 21＝Φ’ 21-Φ 21。所述第六相位差为所述第十二相位和第六相位的相位差，即ΔΦ 22＝Φ’ 22-Φ 22。所述第五频差为所述第六多载波信号对应的频差，在第六多载波信号中包括的子载波f 22，f 21对应频差为Δ′f＝f 22-f 21。第一装置发送第四信息，其中所述第四信息用于指示第二调整量Δτ 21，所述第二调整量用于第二装置调整本地时钟。第一装置发送第五多载波信号，其中第五多载波信号至少包括两个子载波f 31，f 32，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点。第一装置确定第五多载波信号包括的子载波f 31对应的第九相位Φ 21，子载波f 32对应的第十相位Φ 22。第一装置发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示第五多载波信号对应的第九相位Φ 21以及第十相位Φ 22，所述第五多载波信号和所述第三信息用于第二装置调整本地时钟。
通过该方式，可以使得第一装置与第二装置双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12被消除，从而实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低复杂度的时间同步的目的。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，第二装置发送所述第三多载波信号和第一装置发送所述第五多载波信号为并行发生。即第一装置、第二装置分别在约定的时间发送第三多载波信号、第五多载波信号。从而可以抵消第一装置与第二装置响应时间，进一步提高时间同步的精度。
进一步地，第二装置发送第三多载波信号、第二信息，以及第一装置发送第五多载波信号、第三信息为并行发生，其中，并行发生是指第二装置和第一装置各自在相同的约定时刻发送信号；进一步地，第一装置与第二装置的工作模式可以为全双工模式。从而可以进一步抵消第一装置与第二装置响应时间，进一步提高时间同步的精度。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，第一装置在本地分析第二多载波信号的相位第三相位以及第四相位，并得到第二多载波信号对应的时间信息；第一装置发送第一信息，用于指示第二多载波信号对应的第三相位以及第四相位，和第二多载波对应的时间信息。作为一种实现方式，可以使用时间戳(Timestamp)指示第二多载波信号的对应时间信息。其中，时间戳可以指自1970年1月1日(00:00:00 GMT)以来的秒数，第一设备可以使用字符序列发送时间戳。
从而，第二装置可以通过第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，分析获得第一多载波信号 所包括的各子载波f 1，f 2对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ 2。进一步地，由于经过信道传输，第一多载波信号包括的子载波频率f 1，f 2可能会发生轻微变化，第二装置可以通过时间戳标记的对应时刻，分析获得第一多载波信号所包括的各子载波f’ 1，f’ 2。通过发送及获得多载波信号对应的时间信息，可以进一步提高时间同步的精度。
结合第一方面以及第二方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第一多载波信号包括第一子载波f 1、第二子载波f 2和第三子载波f 3，所述第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波分别对应不同频率。其中，第一子载波和第二子载波的频率之差对应第三频差，即Δf＝f 1-f 2。其中，第二子载波和第三子载波的频率之差对应第四频差，即Δ”’f＝f 2-f 3。其中，第三频差Δf大于第四频差Δ”’f。由于测量范围与频差成反比，且频差为等间隔时会导致计算信号时延差时的测量误差增大，通过对信号进行该方式设置，可以使得在基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差时，既可以扩大测量范围(即第一装置与第二装置的路程范围)，也可以降低计算信号时延差时的测量误差。
进一步地，所述第三频差Δf为所述第四频差Δ”’f的K倍，K为正整数。即各子载波在频谱上可以对应的频点之间的频差以等比的形式增大，从而进一步提高运算速度，快速计算模糊度，同时节约频点资源。
进一步地，所述K为2。可以在本申请中基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差的技术方案中，如第二装置根据第一装置以及第二装置双站本地分析得到的相位进行差分时，生成一系列二进制指数序列，如{2 i-1},其中i为大于或等于1的自然数，从而辅助快速计算模糊度，提高运算速度。
第三方面，提供一种通信装置，一种可能的实现中，该通信装置可以包括执行第一方面中所描述的方法/操作/步骤/动作所一一对应的模块或单元，该模块或单元可以是硬件电路，也可是软件，也可以是硬件电路结合软件实现。一种可能的实现中，该装置可以包括收发模块、信号处理模块。
其中收发模块用于接收第一多载波信号，接收第一信息。处理模块用于检测第一多载波信号，从而确定第一多载波信号对应的第一相位Φ’ 1、第二相位Φ’ 2；根据第一信息确定第二多载波信号对应的第三相位Φ 1、第四相位Φ 2；确定第一相位差ΔΦ 1＝Φ’ 1-Φ 1以及第二相位差ΔΦ 2＝Φ’ 2-Φ 2；确定第一多载波信号对应的第一频差Δf；并根据第一相位差、第二相位差和第一频差，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步。
在一些实现方式中，处理单元利用经验公式、神经网络模型、传递函数、卷积公式等，将第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf作为输入量输出调整量或者时钟差调整第二装置的本地时钟，从而使得第一装置与第二装置时间同步。
在一些实现的方式中，处理单元根据第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf确定第一调整量，所述第一调整量用于所述第一装置和所述第二装置的时间同步，且所述第一调整量Δτ满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000006
在一些实现方式中，处理单元根据第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，同时考虑第一时延量。
在一些实现方式中，处理单元根据第一相位差ΔΦ 1、第二相位差ΔΦ 2和第一频差Δf确 定第一调整量，所述第一调整量用于所述第一装置和所述第二装置的时间同步，且所述第一调整量Δτ满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000007
除此之外，收发单元还可以用于发送第三多载波信号、发送第二信息、接收第四多载波信号、接收第三信息。处理单元根据第三多载波信号、第二信息获得第三调整量，并根据第三调整量调整本地时钟。
除此之外，收发单元还可以用于接收第四多载波信号、接收第三信息、接收第四多载波信号、接收第三信息、接收第四信息。处理单元根据第三多载波信号、第二信息获得第三调整量；根据第四信息获得第二调整量；并根据第二调整量、第三调整量调整本地时钟。
在一些实现方式中，处理单元还用于确定第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，其中该时间信息可以根据第一信息所包括的时间戳确定。
在一些实现方式中，收发模块所接收的第一多载波信号包括第一子载波f 1、第二子载波f 2和第三子载波f 3，所述第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波分别对应不同频率。其中，第一子载波和第二子载波的频率之差对应第三频差，即Δf＝f 1-f 2。其中，第二子载波和第三子载波的频率之差对应第四频差，即Δ”’f＝f 2-f 3。其中，第三频差Δf大于第四频差Δ”’f。进一步地，所述第三频差Δf为所述第四频差Δ”’f的K倍，K为正整数。进一步地，所述K为2。
第四方面，提供一种通信装置，一种可能的实现中，该通信装置可以包括执行第二方面中所描述的方法/操作/步骤/动作所一一对应的模块或单元，该模块或单元可以是硬件电路，也可是软件，也可以是硬件电路结合软件实现。一种可能的实现汇总，该装置可以包括收发模块、信号处理模块。
其中，收发模块用于接收第六多载波信号，接收第二信息；处理模块用于检测第二多载波信号，从而确定第一多载波信号对应的第三相位Φ 1、第四相位Φ 2。
除此之外，收发单元还可以接收第六多载波信号、接收第二信息、发送第五多载波信号、发送第三信息。处理单元根据第六多载波信号、第二信息调整本地时钟。
除此之外，收发单元还可以用于接收第六多载波信号、接收第二信息、发送第五多载波信号、发送第三信息、第四信息。处理单元根据第六多载波信号、第二信息获得第二调整量。
在一些实现方式中，处理单元还用于确定第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，其中该时间信息可以根据时间戳确定，并通过第一信息发送。
在一些实现方式中，收发模块所发送的第二多载波信号包括第一子载波f 1、第二子载波f 2和第三子载波f 3，所述第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波分别对应不同频率。其中，第一子载波和第二子载波的频率之差对应第三频差，即Δf＝f 1-f 2。其中，第二子 载波和第三子载波的频率之差对应第四频差，即Δ”’f＝f 2-f 3。其中，第三频差Δf大于第四频差Δ”’f。进一步地，所述第三频差Δf为所述第四频差Δ”’f的K倍，K为正整数。进一步地，所述K为2。第五方面，提供一种芯片，其包括处理器，所述处理器与存储器耦合，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，使得上述第一方面及其任一种可能的实现、第二方面及其任一种可能的实现中所述的方法的部分或全部步骤被执行。
第六方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被处理器执行时，使得上述第一方面及其任一种可能的实现、第二方面及其任一种可能的实现中所述的方法的部分或全部步骤被执行。
第七方面，提供一种计算机产品，当该计算机程序产品被运行时，使得上述第一方面及其任一种可能的实现、第二方面及其任一种可能的实现中所述的方法的部分或全部步骤被执行。
第八方面，提供一种通信系统，包括第三方面及前述各方面的各种可能的实现提供的第一通信装置和第四方面及前述各方面的各种可能的实现提供的第二通信装置。
附图说明
图1是本申请的基于干涉测量技术实现第一装置和第二装置时间同步的应用场景示意图。
图2是本申请的基于干涉测量技术实现第一设备和第二设备时间同步的示意图。
图3是本申请的一种计算信号时延差的方法示意图。
图4是本申请的基于干涉测量技术实现第一设备和第二设备一种时间同步示意图。
图5是本申请的通过双程测量的方法消除几何时延差的一种方法示意图。
图6是本申请的通过双程测量的方法抵消几何时延差的另一种方法示意图。
图7是本申请的一种基于干涉测量技术实现时间同步的流程示意图。
图8是了本申请的时间同步方案的仿真结果。
图9是本申请的一种第一设备及第二设备发送的多载波信号的特征设置示意图。
图10是本申请的另一种第一设备及第二设备发送的多载波信号的特征设置示意图。
图11是本申请的实施设备本地分析多载波信号的一种装置示意图。
图12是本申请的一种实施基于干涉测量的时间同步方法的装置示意图。
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备和第二设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请提供了一种时间同步方法，能够提高设备间时间同步的精度并且降低成本。
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、第五代(5 th generation，5G)系统例如新空口(new radio，NR)系统、5.5G系统或第六代(6 th generation，6G)系统等5G之后演进的系统。
本申请的适用场景包括但不限于地面蜂窝通信、非陆地通信网络(non-terrestrial  network，NTN)、车辆外联(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)、接入回传一体化(integrated access and backhaul，IAB)，以及可重构智能表面(reconfigurable intelligent surface，RIS)通信等场景。其中，NTN系统包括非地面设备，非地面设备可作为基站，也可作为终端设备，也可以作为中继设备。非地面设备可以是无人机，热气球，低轨卫星，中轨卫星，高轨卫星、或高空通信平台(high altitude platform station，HAPS)设备等。
本申请实施例的技术方案对于同构网络与异构网络的场景均适用，同时对于传输点也无限制，可以是宏基站与宏基站、微基站与微基站和宏基站与微基站之间的多点协同传输，对FDD/TDD系统均适用。本申请实施例的技术方案不仅适用于低频场景(sub 6G)，也适用于高频场景(6GHz以上)，太赫兹，光通信等。本申请实施例的技术方案不仅可以适用于网络设备和终端的通信，也可以适用于网络设备和网络设备的通信，终端和终端的通信，车联网，物联网，工业互联网等的通信。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于终端与单个基站连接的场景，其中，终端所连接的基站以及基站所连接的核心网络(core network，CN)为相同制式或不同制式。比如CN为5G CN，基站为5G基站，5G基站直接连接5G CN；或者CN为5G CN，基站为4G基站，4G基站直接连接5G Core。本申请实施例的技术方案也可以适用于终端与至少两个基站连接的双连接(dual connectivity，DC)场景。
本申请实施例中的终端设备可以是一种具有无线收发功能的设备，可以指用户设备(user equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元(subscriber unit)、用户站、移动台(mobile station)、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。终端设备还可以是卫星电话、蜂窝电话、智能手机、无线数据卡、无线调制解调器、机器类型通信设备、可以是无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、客户终端设备(customer-premises equipment，CPE)、智能销售点(point of sale，POS)机、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、高空飞机上搭载的通信设备、可穿戴设备、无人机、机器人、设备到设备通信(device-to-device，D2D)中的终端、V2X中的终端、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(telemedicine)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端或者5G之后演进的通信网络中的终端设备等，本申请实施例不作限制。
本申请实施例中用于实现终端设备的功能的装置可以是终端设备；也可以是能够支持终端设备实现该功能的装置，例如芯片系统。该装置可以被安装在终端设备中或者和终端设备匹配使用。本申请实施例中，芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
本申请实施例中的网络设备是具有无线收发功能的设备，用于与终端设备进行通信的接入网设备。接入网设备可以为无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)中的节点，又可以称为基站，还可以称为RAN节点。接入网设备也可以是具有部分或全部基站功能的设备，例如当基站采用集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和分布式单元(distributed unit， DU)架构时，接入网设备可以包括CU和/或DU。接入网设备可以是LTE中的演进型基站(evolved Node B，eNB或eNodeB)；或者下一代基站(gNodeB，gNB)等5G网络中的基站或者5G之后演进的公共陆地移动网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的基站，宽带网络业务网关(broadband network gateway，BNG)，汇聚交换机或者第三代合作伙伴项目(3 rd generation partnership project，3GPP)接入设备等。
本申请实施例中的网络设备还可以包括各种形式的基站，例如：宏基站、微基站(也称为小站)、中继站、传输点(transmitting and receiving point，TRP)、发射点(transmitting point，TP)、移动交换中心以及无人机通信、设备到设备(device-to-device，D2D)、车辆外联(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)、机器到机器(machine-to-machine，M2M)通信中承担基站功能的设备等、NTN通信系统中的网络设备，本申请实施例不作具体限定。
本申请实施例中用于实现网络设备的功能的装置可以是网络设备，也可以是能够支持网络设备实现该功能的装置，例如芯片系统。该装置可以被安装在网络设备中或者和网络设备匹配使用。本申请实施例中的芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
在本申请中，提供一种时间同步方法，可以基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差，从而获得时钟差用于第一设备以及第二设备时间同步。
首先，对本申请提供的时间同步方法的应用场景作出说明。图1是本申请的基于干涉测量技术实现第一设备和第二设备时间同步的应用场景示意图。如图1中(a)所示，本申请的时间同步方案可以应用于终端与多个网络设备连接的场景。例如在网络设备101、网络设备102基于到达时间差定位法(Time Difference of Arrival,TDOA)对终端设备103进行定位的过程中，时间同步误差会直接导致网络设备101、网络设备102对终端设备103定位不准确，而本申请的技术方案可以利用更低的成本实现更高的时间同步精度，从而提高定位的准确度。如图1中(b)所示，本申请的时间同步方案可以应用于终端于网络设备连接的场景。例如在网络设备112基于到达时间差定位法((Time of Arrival,TOA)对终端设备111进行定位的过程中，时间同步误差会直接导致网络设备112对终端设备111定位不准确，而本申请的技术方案可以利用更低的成本实现更高的时间同步精度，从而提高定位的准确度。除此之外，本申请的时间同步方案可以应用于多站协同中。本申请的技术方案可以利用更低的成本实现更高的时间同步精度，从而提高感知性能。
图2是本申请的基于干涉测量技术实现第一设备和第二设备时间同步的示意图。在第一设备和第二设备协同中，现设定第一设备本地的独立时钟t clk1与第二设备本地的独立时钟t clk2不同步，存在时钟差t clk1-t clk2＝Δτ clk。
由于第一设备和第二设备间存在距离以及时钟差，同一信号源的信号在第一设备和第二设备间存在信号时延差。可以理解为在第一设备向第二设备发送信号时，有信号时延差Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r。其中，Δτ g_12为几何时延，即第一设备与第二设备之间几何路程导致的时延差。其中，几何路程可以指信号在传播时走过的路线，仅仅与第一设备和第二设备间路程有关。Δτ clk为时钟差，即第一设备本地的独立时钟t clk1与第二设备本地的独立 时钟t clk2不同步导致的时延。n 1τ r为整周模糊度，即时延的估计值所包含的未知整波长数，其中n 1为大于或等于1的自然数，τ r为一个整周模糊度，整周模糊度n 1τ r可以通过约束计算值，在计算信号时延差Δτ 12的过程消除。
同理，在第二设备向第一设备发送信号时，由于两次信号传输的方向相逆，有信号时延差为Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r。其中，Δτ g_12为几何时延，即第一设备与第二设备之间几何路程导致的时延差。Δτ clk为时钟差。n 2τ r为整周模糊度，其中n 2为大于或等于1的自然数，τ r为一个整周模糊度，整周模糊度n 2τ r可以通过约束计算值，在计算信号时延差Δτ 21的过程消除。
在第一设备与第二设备间几何路程已知的情况下，即几何时延Δτ f_已知的情况下，在本申请中，可以通过图2中过程2所示的干涉测量技术，由第一设备向第二设备发送信号，由第二设备计算信号时延差Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r，消除整周模糊度n 1τ r，并在扣除已知的几何时延Δτ g_12后，计算时钟差Δτ clk。第二设备利用时钟差Δτ clk调整本地时钟t′ clk2＝t clk2-Δτ clk，使得第一设备与第二设备的时间同步，从而同时实现设备间时间同步的高精度并且降低成本。
而对于在第一设备与第二设备间几何路程未知的情况下，即几何时延Δτ g_12未知的情况下，如图2中过程1和过程2所示，在本申请中可以通过一种双程测量的方式，消除几何时延并实现时间同步。
过程1：
第一设备向第二设备发送信号，第二设备基于第一设备所发送信号计算信号时延差Δ′τ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r；
第二设备向第一设备发送信号,第一设备基于第二设备所发送信号计算时延差，由于两次信号传输的方向相逆，第一设备计算所得信号时延差为Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r；
过程2：
第一设备向第二设备发送信号，第二设备基于第一设备所发送信号计算信号时延差Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r。
作为一种实现基于过程1和过程2实现时间同步的方式，第一设备基于Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r调整本地时钟t clk1，第二设备基于Δ′τ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r和Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1调整本地时钟t clk2。第一设备的本地时钟调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000008
第二设备的本地时钟调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000009
此时有第一设备与第二设备本地时 钟的差值为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000011
在通过约束计算值消除整周模糊度n 1τ r以及n 2τ r后，第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值为t′ clk1-t′ clk2＝(t clk1-t clk2)-Δτ clk＝0，第一设备与第二设备时间同步。
作为另一种实现基于过程1和过程2实现时间同步的方式，第一设备将计算所得信号时延差为Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r发送给第二设备，第二设备基于Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r、Δ′τ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r和Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r调整本地时钟t clk2。第二设备的本地时钟调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000012
此时有第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000015
在通过约束计算值消除整周模糊度n 1τ r以及n 2τ r后，第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值为t′ clk1-t′ clk2＝(t clk1-t clk2)-Δτ clk＝0，第一设备与第二设备时间同步。
在上述进行时间同步的过程中，整周模糊度可以被消除，如可以通过约束
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000016
消除。
在基于图2中过程1、过程2使得第一设备与第二设备的时间同步，进一步实现在第一设备与第二设备间几何路程未知的情况下，第一设备与第二设备间高精度、低成本、低流程复杂度的时间同步的效果。
本申请所指的基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差，可以为基于第一设备向第二设备发送多载波信号。其中，多载波信号包括至少两个子载波，其中各个子载波在频谱上分别对应不同分立的频点，可将各子载波在频谱上对应的频点f i(i为大于或等于1的自然数)设定为f 1～f i。为了方便描述，以下将第一设备发送，没有经过信道传输的多载波信号称为第二多载波信号；将第二设备接收，经过信道间传播后的多载波信号称为第一多载波信号。
作为一种实现方式，第一设备可以在本地分析得到第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i，并向第二设备发送第二多载波信号以及第一信息。其中第一信息用于指示第一设备在本地分析得到第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i。在第二设备接收到经过信道间传输的第一多载波信号后，第二设备在本地分析获得第一多载波信号的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ i，并通过对第一多载波信号的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ i与第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i进行差分，将Φ′ i-Φ i获得ΔΦ i，根据各子载波f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ 1～ΔΦ i,计算信号时延差。
作为另一种实现方式，第一设备可以在本地分析得到第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i，以及第二多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息。第一设备向第二设备发送第二多载波信号以及第一信息。其中第一信息用于指示第一设备在本地分 析得到第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i以及第二多载波信号对应的时间信息。在第二设备接收到经过信道间传输的第一多载波信号后，第二设备在本地通过第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，分析获得第一多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ i，并通过对第一多载波信号的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ i与第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i进行差分，如将Φ′ i-Φ i获得ΔΦ i，根据各子载波f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ 1～ΔΦ i,计算信号时延差。进一步地，由于第一多载波信号经过信道间传输，第一多载波信号包括的各子载波频率可能会发生轻微变化。第二设备还可以在本地通过第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，分析获得第一多载波信号所包括的各子载波f′ 1～f′ i，从而进一步精确计算信号时延差。
作为另一种实现方式，第一设备向第二设备发送第二多载波信号以及第二多载波信号对应的在第一设备本地对应的时间信息。在第二设备接收到经过信道间传输的第一多载波信号后，第二设备在本地分析获得第一多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ i，并利用第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，反推第一设备在本地分析得到第一多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i。第二设备通过对第一多载波信号的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ′ 1～Φ′ i与第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～τ i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i进行差分，如将Φ′ i-Φ i获得ΔΦ 1～ΔΦ i，根据各子载波f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ i,计算信号时延差。通过第二设备第二多载波信号对应的时间信息反推第一多载波信号的在第一设备本地对应的相位，可以降低第一设备向第二设备发送信号形式的复杂度，从而降低流程复杂度。
应理解，在上述计算中，各子载波f 1～f i之间的频差、ΔΦ 1～ΔΦ i统一利用第一多载波信号与第二多载波信号对应之差的计算方式为示意性说明，其具体计算方法以及正负性根据实际情况确定，例如，相位差还可以为第二多载波信号的相位减去第一多载波信号的相位。
应理解，在本申请中，不对时间信息的具体形式、第一设备如何发送时间信息作限制。作为一种实现方式，可以使用时间戳(Timestamp)指示第二多载波信号的对应时间信息。其中，时间戳可以指自1970年1月1日(00:00:00GMT)以来的秒数，第一设备可以使用字符序列发送时间戳。
在以上三种方式中，通过采用基于本地相关的干涉测量法计算信号时延差，即第二设备在本地分析得到第一多载波信号、第二多载波信号分别对应的相位，然后基于测量的相位得到时延差。该方法用于在如往返时间(Round trip time，RTT)测量时，可以得到一种形式简单且系统误差小的往返时间测量方法。此外，直接发送信号相位可以减小交互过程中的信息量，避免采样的原始数据的传输。最后该方法避免了使用互相关求相位差，在减小计算量的同时也避免了互相关方法可能引起的信噪比恶化问题，从而提升同步精度。
应理解，本申请不对第二设备如何根据子载波f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ i,计算信号时延差的方法做限制。如该计算方法可以是由大量的实验数据拟合得到的映射关系，或者根据大量的实验数据训练专用的神经网络模型等。
作为一种实现方式，图3是本申请的一种计算信号时延差的方法示意图。在第一多载波信号包括两个子载波的情况下，信号时延差Δτ 12可以通过公式
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000017
得到。其 中，f 1为第一多载波信号所包括的第一子载波的频点，f 2为第一多载波信号所包括的第二子载波的频点。其中，ΔΦ 1为第一设备与第二设备在本地各自分析得到的第一子载波相位之差，ΔΦ 2为第一设备与第二设备在本地各自分析得到的第二子载波相位之差。在第一多载波信号包括大于两个子载波的情况下，作为示例而非限定，可以通过直线拟合，获得直线的斜率，即为信号时延差Δτ 12。通过使用干涉测量法计算第一调整量，可以进一步实现第一装置与第二装置间高精度、低成本、低流程复杂度的时间同步的效果。
除此之外，在本申请的一些方案中，第二设备也可以直接通过输入量f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ i通过如传递函数、卷积公式等，直接输出调整量或者时钟差Δτ clk从而调整第二设备的本地时钟，本申请不对此作出限制。在本申请的一些方案中，第二设备通过输入量f 1～f i之间的频差、ΔΦ i以及第一时延量通过如传递函数、卷积公式等，直接输出调整量或者时钟差Δτ clk从而调整第二设备的本地时钟，其中，第一时延量关联于第一装置与第二装置之间的几何路程，该几何路程可以指信号在第一装置与第二装置传播的路程。其中，第一时延量可以为几何时延量Δτ g_12。通过考虑第一时延量，可以提高运算速度。
下面，将结合具体第一设备和第二设备之间的交互流程对本申请的时间同步方法作出说明。
图4是本申请的基于干涉测量技术实现第一设备和第二设备一种时间同步示意图。其中该方法适用于在第一设备与第二设备间几何路程已知的情况下，包括步骤：
S210，第一设备向第二设备发送第二多载波信号，其中第二多载波信号包括至少两个子载波，例如第二多载波信号包括：子载波f 1～f i，其中，i为大于或等于2的正整数。
可选的，步骤S210之前，第一设备向第二设备发送指示信息，其中指示信息用于指示第一设备与第二设备进行时间同步。
作为另一种实现方式，第一设备可以向第二设备发送用于时间同步以及干涉测量的指示信息包。指示信息包中可以包括指示信息和用于干涉测量的参数，其中，指示信息用于指示第一设备与第二设备进行时间同步，用于干涉测量的参数可以包括时间同步周期、信号参数等。时间同步周期用于规定进行一次时间同步操作的周期。信号参数包括中心频点，频差，频点数等，用于规定第一设备向第二设备发送及第二设备接收多载波信号特征。在本申请中，第一设备与第二设备也可以通过在本地提前设置的等方式获得以上参数，本申请并不限于此。通过发送指示信息包，可以达到规范化时间同步过程及优化资源分配。
S220，第一设备向第二设备发送第一信息,第一信息用于指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i。
作为一种实现方式，第一信息直接指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i。
作为另一种实现方式，第一信息直接指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i，以及第二多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息。
作为另一种实现方式，第一信息用于指示第二多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息,第二设备利用第二多载波信号对应的时间信息，反推第一设备在本地分析得到第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i对应相位Φ 1～Φ i。
S230，第二设备接收第一多载波信号，并本地分析得到的第一多载波信号所包括的各子载波对应相位Φ’ 1～Φ’ i以及各子载波对应频率f 1～f i。其中，第一多载波信号为第一设备发送的第二多载波信号经过信道间传播后的信号。
S240，第二设备根据第一设备以及第二设备各自本地分析得到的相位进行差分，如将Φ′ i-Φ i获得ΔΦ i，第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 1～f i之间的频差，进行与第一设备时间同步。
其中第二设备进行与第一设备时间同步的方式可以为：
方式a:第二设备通过输入子载波f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ i，通过如传递函数、卷积公式等，直接输出调整量或者时钟差Δτ clk，调整第二设备的本地时钟，使得第一设备与第二设备的时间同步。
方式b:第二设备通过输入子载波f 1～f i之间的频差以及ΔΦ i，并根据第一设备与第二设备间几何路程关联的第一时延量，通过如传递函数、卷积公式等获得时钟差Δτ clk，调整第二设备的本地时钟，使得第一设备与第二设备的时间同步。其中，第一时延量可以为几何时延量Δτ g_12。
方式c：第一设备与第二设备间几何路程对应的第一时延量为几何时延Δτ g_12，在几何时延已知的情况下，第二设备根据公式
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000018
得到第一调整量Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r，第二设备可以将第一调整量扣除已知的几何时延Δτ g_12后，消除整周模糊度后，计算时钟差Δτ clk＝Δτ 12-Δτ g_12，并根据时钟差Δτ clk调整第二设备的本地时钟，如可以调整为t clk2-Δτ clk，使得第一设备与第二设备的时间同步。
应理解，在上述计算中，各子载波f 1～f i之间的频差、ΔΦ 1～ΔΦ i统一利用第一多载波信号与对而多载波信号对应之差的计算方式为示意性说明，其具体计算方法以及正负性根据实际情况确定。例如上文中的t clk1-t clk2＝Δτ clk，还可以是t clk2-t clk1＝Δτ clk。
应理解，本申请不对第一多载波信号所传达的信息作具体限制。并且，本申请不对第一信息具体承载的信号形式作具体限制。作为一种可能实现的方式，第一信息承载于第二多载波信号上。
在第一设备与第二设备间几何路程未知的情况下，本申请提供双程测量方法，可以进一步消除几何时延Δτ g_12，从而通过信号时延差计算时钟差。
通过第二装置根据在本地得到的第一多载波信号、第二多载波信号分别对应的相位、第一多载波信号的频差调整第二装置的时钟，使得第二装置和第一装置时间同步，可以实现装置间时间同步的高精度的同时，避免使用昂贵的高稳原子钟，从而降低成本。
图5是本申请的通过双程测量的方法消除几何时延差的一种方法示意图。其中该方法 包括步骤：
S311，第二设备向第一设备发送第三多载波信号，其中第三多载波信号包括各子载波f 21～f 2i，其中，i为大于或等于2的正整数。
S312，第二设备向第一设备发送第二信息，其中第二信息用于指示第二设备本地分析得到的第二多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 21～f 2i对应相位Φ 21～Φ 2i。
作为一种实现方式，第二信息直接指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第三多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 21～f 2i对应相位Φ 21～Φ 2i。
作为另一种实现方式，第一信息直接指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第三多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 21～f 2i对应相位Φ 21～Φ 2i，以及第三多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息。
作为另一种实现方式，第一信息用于指示第三多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息,第二设备利用第三多载波信号对应的时间信息，反推第一设备在本地分析得到第三多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 21～f 2i对应相位Φ 21～Φ 2i。
S320，第一设备根据所接收的经过信道间传播后的第三多载波信号、第二信息，获得第二调整量。其中，第二调整量可以为基于干涉测量技术，对第一设备以及第二设备各自本地分析得到的相位进行差分，如将Φ’ 21-Φ’ 2i获得ΔΦ 2i，根据各子载波f 21～f 2i之间的频差以及ΔΦ 21～ΔΦ 2i,计算信号时延差Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r。
S331，第一设备向第二设备发送第四多载波信号，其中第四多载波信号包括各子载波f 31～f 3i，其中，i为大于或等于2的正整数。
S332，第一设备向第二设备发送第三信息，其中第三信息用于指示第一设备本地分析得到的第四多载波信号所包括各子载波f 31～f 3i对应相位Φ 31～Φ 3i。
作为一种实现方式，第二信息直接指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第四多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 31～f 3i对应相位Φ 31～Φ 3i。
作为另一种实现方式，第一信息直接指示第一设备在本地分析得到的第四多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 31～f 3i对应相位Φ 31～Φ 3i，以及第四多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息。
作为另一种实现方式，第一信息用于指示第四多载波信号在第一设备本地对应的时间信息,第二设备利用第四多载波信号对应的时间信息，反推第一设备在本地分析得到第四多载波信号所包括的各子载波f 21～f 2i对应相位Φ 21～Φ 2i。
S340，第二设备根据所接收的经过信道间传播后的第四多载波信号、第三信息，获得第三调整量。其中，第三调整量可以为基于干涉测量技术，对第一设备以及第二设备各自本地分析得到的相位进行差分，将Φ’ 31-Φ’ 3i获得ΔΦ 3i，根据各子载波f 31～f 3i之间的频差以及ΔΦ 31～ΔΦ 3i,计算信号时延差Δτ’ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r。
作为一种消除几何时延的方式，通过步骤S350,第一设备根据第二调整量Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r调整本地时钟t clk1；以及执行如图3所示的各步骤，第二设备根据执行图3所示的各步骤根据干涉测量法得到信号时延Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r，以及第三 调整量Δτ’ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r调整本地时钟t clk2。作为示例而非限定，第一设备的本地时钟调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000019
第二设备的本地时钟调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000020
此时有第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000023
在通过约束计算值消除整周模糊度n 1τ r以及n 2τ r后，第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值为t′ clk1-t′ clk2＝(t clk1-t clk2)-Δτ clk＝0，第一设备与第二设备时间同步。
通过该方式，可以使得第一设备与第二设备双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12被消除，从而实现第一设备与第二设备间高精度、低成本、低复杂度的时间同步的目的。
通过采用基于本地相关的干涉测量法计算信号时延差，即第一设备、第二设备在本地分别分析得到第一多载波信号的相位，然后计算时延差。在双程测量中，基于本地相关的干涉测量法计算时延差可以消除第一设备及第二设备的设备响应时间引起的系统误差，提高几何时延的测量精度。
进一步地，步骤S311以及步骤S331可以为并行发生，即第一设备与第二设备在约定时间互相发送第三多载波信号、第四多载波信号；进一步地，步骤S311、第二设备发送第二信息、步骤S331、第一设备发送第三信息为并行发生；更进一步地第一设备与第二设备的工作模式为全双工模式，从而可以进一步抵消第一设备与第二设备响应时间，进一步提高时间同步的精度。
应理解，本申请不对第三多载波信号、第四多载波信号所传达的信息作具体限制。同时，本申请不对第二信息、第三信息承载的信号形式作具体限制。作为一种可能实现的方式，第二信息承载于第三多载波信号上。作为一种可能实现的方式，第三信息承载于第四多载波信号上。
应理解，本申请不对步骤的先后顺序作出限制，具体顺序应根据具体应用环境以及设计而定。
图6是本申请的通过双程测量的方法抵消几何时延差的另一种方法示意图。其中该方法包括步骤：
S411、S412、S420、S431、S432、S440分别与如图5中步骤S311、S312、S320、S331、S332、S340对应，在此不再赘述。
作为一种消除几何时延的方式：
通过步骤S450,第一设备向第二设备发送第四信息，其中，第四信息指示第二调整量。
以及执行如图3所示的各步骤，第二设备根据执行图3所示的各步骤根据干涉测量法得到信号时延Δτ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r、第二调整量Δτ 21＝Δτ g_12-Δτ clk+n 2τ r、第三调整量Δτ’ 12＝Δτ g_12+Δτ clk+n 1τ r调整本地时钟t clk2。作为示例而非限定，此时可以有第二设备的本地时钟调整为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000024
此时有第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值 为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000026
在通过约束计算值消除整周模糊度n 1τ r以及n 2τ r后，第一设备与第二设备本地时钟的差值为t′ clk1-t ′ clk2＝(t clk1-t clk2)-Δτ clk＝0，第一设备与第二设备时间同步。
通过该方式，可以使得第一设备与第二设备双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12被消除，从而实现第一设备与第二设备间高精度、低成本、低复杂度的时间同步的目的。
通过采用基于本地相关的干涉测量法计算信号时延差，即第一设备、第二设备在本地分别分析得到第一多载波信号的相位，然后计算时延差。在双程测量中，基于本地相关的干涉测量法计算时延差可以消除第一设备及第二设备的设备响应时间引起的系统误差，提高几何时延的测量精度。
在实际应用中，在第一设备或第二设备双站之间路程未知的情况下，本申请中可以通过实施图5和/或图6中所示的各步骤，消除第一设备与第二设备双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12，并通过多次实施图4所示的各步骤，计算第一设备与第二设备的时钟差Δτ clk，从而使得第一设备与第二设备实现时间同步。应理解，在具体的实施方式中，不对实施图5和/或图6以及实施图4的次数，以及先后顺序作限制。因此，在本申请中可以通过闭环的方式，实时消除第一设备与第二设备双站之间的几何时延以及时钟差，从而实现高精度的时间同步。
应理解，上述描述中的相位差、频差、时钟差、时延量、调整量的算法为方便理解的示意性说明，其具体计算方法、正负性根据实际情况确定。
图7是本申请的一种基于干涉测量技术实现时间同步的流程示意图。
其中该方法包括步骤：
第一设备向第二设备发送示信息包，其中包括指示信息和用于干涉测量的参数，其中，指示信息用于指示第一设备与第二设备进行时间同步；用于干涉测量的参数可以包括时间同步周期、信号参数等。
双程测量消除几何时延，多次实施步骤：
S511、S512、S520、S531、S532、S540分别与如图5中步骤S411、S412、S420、S431、S432、S440对应，在此不再赘述。
和/或如图6中所示的各步骤，消除第一设备与第二设备双站之间路程对应的几何时延Δτ g_12。
基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差，多次实施：
S531、S532分别与如图4中所示的步骤S210、S220对应，在此不再赘述。
第二设备根据上述步骤所获得的调整量获得时钟差Δτ clk，并调整第二设备的本地时钟，第一设备与第二设备时间同步。
第二设备分析出此时双站已经达到同步，第二设备向第一设备发送第二指示信息，该 第二指示信息用于指示第一设备调整发送的信号结构，使得第一设备发送的多载波信号只包括两个子载波，其中两个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点，达到节约发射资源的目的。作为另一种实现方式，第二指示信息用于指示第一设备调整发送的信号结构，使得第一设备发送的多载波信号包括三个子载波，其中三个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点，在达到节约发射资源的目的的同时，使得时间同步的稳定性更强。
图8示出了本申请的时间同步方案的仿真结果。根据如图7所示的基于干涉测量技术实现时间同步的流程，在将多载波信号带宽设置为10Hz的情况下，本申请可以在ms级别的积分时间即可对第一和第二设备的时钟差进行高精度估计。因而能够在ms级别的积分时间内生成高精度双设备时间同步校正量，从而实现对快速变化的双设备时钟差进行校正。
在干涉测量技术中，如果使用的测量信号包括多个子载波，其中多个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点，并采取等频差选取测量信号的频点的方法，则会消耗过多的频率资源，也增加了计算量。
在本申请中，可以通过对第一设备向第二设备发送的多载波信号特征进行设置，从而进一步优化本申请的基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差的技术方案。在本申请中，可以通过第一设备向第二设备发送多载波信号，其中该信号至少包括三个子载波，该三个子载波在频谱上分别对应分立的频点。其中，第一子载波与第二子载波的频点具有第一频差，第二子载波与第三子载波的频点具有第二频差。其中，第一频差大于第二频差。
由于测量范围与频差成反比，且频差为等间隔时会导致计算信号时延差时的测量误差增大，通过对信号进行该方式设置，可以使得在基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差时，既可以扩大测量范围(即第一设备与第二设备的路程范围)，也可以降低计算信号时延差时的测量误差。
进一步地，可以设置第一频差为第二频差的整数倍，如在第一设备向第二设备发送的信号包括多个子载波时，其中各子载波在频谱上可以对应的频点之间的频差以等比的形式增大，从而进一步提高运算速度，快速计算模糊度，同时节约频点资源。
图9是本申请的一种第一设备及第二设备发送的多载波信号的特征设置示意图。如图所示，以设置第一频差为第二频差的整数倍为2为例，可以将各子载波在频谱上对应的频点f i(i为大于或等于1的正整数)设置为
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000027
其中f 0为中心频点。同理关于中心频点对称的各频点取值
Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-000028
也满足应用要求。
图10是本申请的另一种第一设备及第二设备发送的多载波信号的特征设置示意图。如图所示，以设置第一频差为第二频差的整数倍为2为例，可以将各子载波在频谱上对应的频点f i(i为大于或等于1的正整数)设置为f i＝f 0+2 i-1Δf。同理关于中心频点f 0对称的一组频点设计也满足应用要求，表达为f i＝f 0-2 i-1Δf。以设置第一频差为第二频差的整数倍为2为例，可以在本申请中基于干涉测量技术计算信号时延差的技术方案中，如第二设备根据第一设备以及第二设备双站本地分析得到的相位进行差分时，生成一系列二进制指数序列，如{2 i-1},其中i为大于或等于1的自然数，从而辅助快速计算模糊度，提高 运算速度。
作为一种实现该第一设备及第二设备发送的多载波信号的特征设置的方式，可以将该多载波信号的特征设置到正交频分复用技术(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,简称OFDM)的导频信号中，利用多个子载波来生成在频谱上对应该频点特征的信号。
通过将该第一设备及第二设备发送的多载波信号的特征设置的方式应用于本申请的如图7所示的基于干涉测量技术实现时间同步的流程，由于使用干涉测量的方法能够在ms级别的积分时间实现对双站时钟差的高精度估计，因此可以在ms级别的积分时间即可生成时钟校正量对双站时钟进行同步。进一步，相位噪声是快速变化的，而短积分时间的时间同步校正操作可以跟踪相位噪声引起的时钟差并予以消除。本申请中提出的时间同步方法有潜力在使用一般晶振时实现100ps～10ps级别的无线时间同步。因此，本申请可以在低成本的前提下实现双站高精度时间同步。
此外，本申请实施例还提供一种装置，该装置可以实现上述的方法。图11是本申请的实施设备本地分析多载波信号的一种装置示意图。以第一设备向第二设备发送多载波信号为例，在第一设备中：首先生成数据；并对数据进行编码、调制、映射等步骤，获得数字信号；然后对生成的数字信号进行数模转换(digital to analog converter，DAC)后得到模拟信号；通过上变频器将中低频的模拟信号转化为高频信号，并将高频信号通过功率放大器放大之后获得待发送的有效信号；第一设备通过本地的天线获得发送的多载波信号，并通过接收下变频器将高频信号转化为中低频的信号；然后对中低频的信号进行模数转换(analog to digital converter，ADC)得到数字信号；对数字信号进行解调、译码等步骤处理获得数据；并利用信号处理的方法测量信号的相位。
同理，第一设备可以通过本地的天线获得第二设备发送经过信道间传输的多载波信号，并通过接收下变频器将高频信号转化为中低频的信号；然后对中低频的信号进行ADC得到数字信号；对数字信号进行解调、译码等步骤处理获得数据；并利用信号处理的方法测量信号的相位。
图12是本申请的一种实施基于干涉测量的时间同步方法的通信装置示意图。装置600包括：601收发模块，用于与外部进行通信，还可以称为通信接口或通信单元；602处理模块，用于进行数据处理。
装置600可以用于执行上文方法实施例中第一设备侧所执行的如图4～图7中动作，601收发模块，用于执行上文方法实施例中第一设备侧发送即接收如图4～图7中相关的操作，602处理模块用于执行上文方法实施例中第一设备侧的如图4～图7中处理相关的操作。
装置600可以用于执行上文方法实施例中第二设备所执行的如图4～图7中动作，601收发模块，用于执行上文方法实施例中第二设备侧发送即接收如图4～图7中相关的操作，602处理模块用于执行上文方法实施例中第二设备侧的处理如图4～图7中相关的操作。
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备和第二设备的结构示意图。
其中，第一设备包括至少一个处理器701和至少一个收发器703。可选的，第一设备还可以包括至少一个存储器702、至少一个输出设备704或至少一个输入设备705。
处理器701、存储器702和收发器703通过通信线路相连接。通信线路可包括一个通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
处理器701可以是通用中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其它 通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器701也可以包括多个CPU，并且处理器701可以是单核处理器或多核处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路或用于处理数据的处理核。
存储器702可以是具有存储功能的装置。例如可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器702可以是独立存在，通过通信线路与处理器701相连接。存储器502也可以和处理器701集成在一起。
其中，存储器702用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器701来控制执行。具体的，处理器701用于执行存储器702中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请实施例中所述的随机接入方法。
或者，可选的，本申请实施例中，也可以是处理器701执行本申请下述实施例提供的随机接入方法中的处理相关的功能，收发器703负责与其他设备或通信网络通信，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选的，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码或者计算机程序代码，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
收发器703可以使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网、RAN、或者无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。收发器703包括发射机(transmitter，Tx)和接收机(receiver，Rx)。
输出设备704和处理器701通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如，输出设备704可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二级管(light emitting diode，LED)显示设备，阴极射线管(cathode ray tube，CRT)显示设备，或投影仪(projector)等。
输入设备705和处理器701通信，可以以多种方式接受用户的输入。例如，输入设备505可以是鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
第二设备包括至少一个处理器801、至少一个收发器803和至少一个网络接口804。可选的，第二设备还可以包括至少一个存储器802。其中，处理器801、存储器802、收发器803和网络接口804通过通信线路相连接。网络接口804用于通过链路(例如S1接口)与核心网设备连接，或者通过有线或无线链路(例如X2接口)与其它第二设备的网络接口进行连接(图13中未示出)，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。另外，处理器801、存储器802和收发器803的相关描述可参考第一设备中处理器801、存储器802和收发器803的描述，在此不再赘述。
此外，本申请实施例还提供一种芯片，该芯片获取指令并执行该指令来实现上述的方法。
可选地，作为一种实现方式，该芯片包括处理器与通信接口，该处理器通过该通信接口读取存储器上存储的指令，执行上述方法。
可选地，作为一种实现方式，该芯片还可以包括存储器，该存储器中存储有指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器上存储的指令，当该指令被执行时，该处理器用于执行上述方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有指令，该指令用于上述方法实施例中的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，该指令用于实现上述方法实施例中的方法。
在本说明书中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在2个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统和/或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程来通信。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现 有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种用于时间同步的方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    第二装置检测第一多载波信号，以确定所述第一多载波信号的第一相位以及第二相位，其中所述第一多载波信号为第一装置发送的第二多载波信号经过信道间传播后的信号，所述第一多载波信号包括至少两个子载波；
    第二装置接收第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于指示所述第二多载波信号对应的第三相位以及第四相位；
    第二装置根据第一相位差、第二相位差和第一频差，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，其中，所述第一相位差为所述第一相位和第三相位的相位差，所述第二相位差为所述第二相位和第四相位的相位差，所述第一频差为所述第一多载波信号对应的频差。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二装置根据第一相位差、第二相位差和第一频差，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，包括：
    所述第二装置根据第一调整量进行所述第二装置的时间同步，且所述第一调整量Δτ满足以下条件：
    Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-100001
    其中ΔΦ 1表示所述第一相位差，ΔΦ 2表示所述第二相位差，Δf表示所述第一频差。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二装置根据第一相位差、第二相位差和所述第一信号和所述第二信号的第一频差，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，包括：
    第二装置根据所述第一相位差、所述第二相位差、所述第一频差和第一时延量，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，所述第一时延量关联于所述第一装置与所述第二装置之间的几何路程。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，第二装置根据所述第一相位差、所述第二相位差、所述第一频差和第一时延量，进行与所述第一装置的时间同步，包括：
    所述第二装置根据第一调整量进行所述第二装置的时间同步，所述第一调整量满足以下条件：
    Figure PCTCN2022132119-appb-100002
    其中ΔΦ 1表示所述第一相位差，ΔΦ 2表示所述第二相位差，Δf表示所述第一频差，Δτ g_12表示第一时延量。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在第二装置检测第一多载波信号之前，所述方法还包括：
    第二装置发送第三多载波信号；
    第二装置发送第二信息，其中所述第二信息用于指示第三多载波信号对应的第五相位以及第六相位，所述第三多载波信号和所述第二信息用于所述第一装置调整本地时钟；
    第二装置检测第四多载波信号，以确定所述第四多载波信号的第七相位以及第八相位， 其中所述第四多载波信号为第一装置发送的第五多载波信号经过信道间传播后的信号；
    第二装置接收第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示所述第五多载波信号对应的第九相位以及第十相位；
    第二装置根据第三相位差、第四相位差和第二频差，调整本地时钟，其中所述第三相位差为所述第七相位和第九相位的相位差，所述第四相位差为所述第八相位和第十相位的相位差，所述第二频差为所述第四多载波信号对应的频差。
  6. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在第二装置检测第一多载波信号之前，所述方法还包括：
    第二装置发送第三多载波信号；
    第二装置发送第二信息，其中所述第二信息用于指示第三多载波信号对应的第五相位以及第六相位，所述第三多载波信号和所述第二信息用于所述第一装置确定第二调整量；
    第二装置检测第四多载波信号，以确定所述第四多载波信号的第七相位以及第八相位，其中所述第四多载波信号为第一装置发送的第五多载波信号经过信道间传播后的信号；
    第二装置接收第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示所述第五多载波信号对应的第九相位以及第十相位；
    第二装置根据第三相位差、第四相位差和第二频差确定第三调整量，其中所述第三相位差为所述第七相位和第九相位的相位差，所述第四相位差为所述第八相位和第十相位的相位差，所述第二频差为所述第四多载波信号对应的频差；
    第二装置接收第四信息，其中所述第四信息用于指示第二调整量；
    第二装置根据第二调整量以及第三调整量调整本地时钟。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三多载波信号和所述第五多载波并行传输。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二信息和第三信息为并行发送。
  9. 如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息具体用于指示所述第二多载波信号对应的第三相位以及第四相位，和所述第三相位以及第四相位对应的时间信息。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一多载波信号包括第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波，所述第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波分别对应不同频率，其中，所述第一子载波和第二子载波的频率之差对应第三频差，所述第二子载波和第三子载波的频率之差对应第四频差，所述第三频差大于所述第四频差。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一频差为所述第三频差的K倍，K为正整数。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述K为2。
  13. 一种用于时间同步的方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    第一装置发送第二多载波信号；
    第一装置发送第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于指示所述第二多载波信号对应的第三相位以及第四相位，所述第二多载波信号和所述第一信息用于第二装置调整本地时钟。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一装置发送第二多载波信号之前，所述方法还包括：
    第一装置检测第六多载波信号，以确定所述第六多载波信号对应的第十一相位、第十二相位，其中所述第六多载波信号为第二装置发送的第三多载波信号经过信道间传播后的信号；
    第一装置接收第二信息，其中，所述第二信息用于指示所述第三多载波信号对应的第五相位以及第六相位；
    第一装置根据第五相位差、第六相位差和第五频差，调整本地时钟，其中所述第五相位差为所述第十一相位和第五相位的相位差，所述第六相位差为所述第十二相位和第六相位的相位差，所述第五频差为所述第六多载波信号对应的频差；
    第一装置发送第五多载波信号；
    第一装置发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示第五多载波信号对应的第九相位以及第十相位，所述第五多载波信号和所述第三信息用于所述第二装置调整本地时钟。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一装置发送第二多载波信号之前，所述方法还包括：
    第一装置检测第六多载波信号，以确定所述第六多载波信号对应的第十一相位、第十二相位，其中所述第六多载波信号为第二装置发送的第三多载波信号经过信道间传播后的信号；
    第一装置接收第二信息，其中，所述第二信息用于指示所述第三多载波信号对应的第五相位以及第六相位；
    第一装置根据第五相位差、第六相位差和第五频差，获得第二调整量，其中所述第五相位差为所述第十一相位和第五相位的相位差，所述第六相位差为所述第十二相位和第六相位的相位差，所述第五频差为所述第六多载波信号对应的频差；
    第一装置发送第四信息，其中所述第四信息用于指示所述第二调整量，所述第二调整量用于所述第二装置调整本地时钟；
    第一装置发送第五多载波信号；
    第一装置发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息用于指示第五多载波信号对应的第九相位以及第十相位，所述第五多载波信号和所述第三信息用于所述第二装置调整本地时钟。
  16. 如权利要求13-15中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一多载波信号包括第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波，所述第一子载波、第二子载波和第三子载波分别对应不同频率，其中，所述第一子载波和第二子载波的频率之差对应第三频差，所述第二子载波和第三子载波的频率之差对应第四频差，所述第三频差大于第四频差。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一频差为所述第三频差的K倍，K为正整数。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述K为2。
  19. 一种通信装置，用于执行如权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，包括：收发模块、信号处理模块。
  20. 一种通信装置，用于执行如权利要求13-18中任意一种所述的方法，其特征在于，包括：收发模块、信号处理模块。
  21. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括处理器，所述处理器与存储器耦合，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，以使得所述芯 片执行如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法。
  22. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被处理器执行时，如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法被实现。
  23. 一种计算机产品，其特征在于，当其在计算机上运行时，使得权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法被执行。
  24. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括终端设备和网络设备，其中所述终端设备用于执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法，所述网络设备用于执行如权利要求13-18中任一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2022/132119 2022-11-16 2022-11-16 一种时间同步方法和装置 Ceased WO2024103269A1 (zh)

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