WO2024106462A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-182571, filed on November 15, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- grain-oriented electrical steel sheet has a three-layer structure consisting of a base steel sheet, a primary coating (sometimes called a glass coating) formed on the surface of the base steel sheet, and a tension-applying insulating secondary coating formed on the surface of the primary coating.
- Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is a soft magnetic material, and is primarily used as a transformer core material. For this reason, grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is required to have magnetic properties such as high magnetization characteristics and low iron loss.
- Iron loss is the power loss consumed as thermal energy when an iron core is excited by an alternating magnetic field, and from the perspective of energy conservation, it is desirable to have as low iron loss as possible.
- the level of iron loss is affected by factors such as magnetic susceptibility, sheet thickness, coating tension, amount of impurities, electrical resistivity, crystal grain size, and magnetic domain size.
- the iron loss of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is the sum of eddy current loss, which depends on resistivity, sheet thickness, and size of magnetic domain, and hysteresis loss, which depends on crystal orientation and surface smoothness.
- sheet thickness for example, making the base steel sheet thinner (for example, less than 0.22 mm) is effective in reducing iron loss by reducing eddy current loss.
- making the sheet thinner will change the behavior of secondary recrystallization itself and degrade the degree of integration of the Goss orientation.
- Goss orientation is manifested through a phenomenon (secondary recrystallization) that involves advanced control of the texture and precipitates (inhibitors). It is preferable that the texture has many Goss orientations (nuclei of secondary recrystallization) and many orientations (corresponding orientations) that are encroached upon by the Goss orientation. On the other hand, it is preferable that the pinning force of the inhibitor gradually decreases during secondary recrystallization annealing (the inhibitor has high heat resistance). In other words, a sudden decrease in the pinning force of the inhibitor during secondary recrystallization annealing is undesirable from the viewpoint of promoting the growth of the Goss orientation.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose technology that avoids texture degradation by optimally controlling the cold rolling rate through pre-cold rolling.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an inhibitor control technology through primary coating control.
- MgO containing 0.15 to 2.0% Cl and/or SO 3 is applied as an annealing separator to significantly enhance the glass coating formation reaction and control the primary coating to a form favorable for magnetism.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 the number of cold rolling steps increases, which creates problems in production.
- the method of Patent Document 3 allows inhibitor control, it does not take into consideration texture control. Therefore, for example, when this technology is applied to a thin electrical steel sheet having a base steel sheet thickness of less than 0.22 mm, it is highly likely that a high-quality secondary recrystallization orientation cannot be obtained.
- the objective of this disclosure is to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that has good magnetic properties and noise characteristics without reducing productivity, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises, in mass%, C: 0.020 to 0.150%, Si: 3.00 to 4.00%, Sol.
- the above aspects of the present disclosure make it possible to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof that have good magnetic properties and noise characteristics without reducing productivity.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present disclosure (grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to this embodiment) comprises a base steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition described later, a glass coating formed on the base steel sheet, and a tension-applying insulating coating formed on the glass coating.
- the base steel sheet has a texture oriented in the Goss orientation.
- the average dispersion angle from the ideal Goss orientation with the rolling surface normal direction ND as the rotation axis is defined as ⁇ (°)
- the average dispersion angle from the ideal Goss orientation with the rolling transverse direction TD as the rotation axis is defined as ⁇ (°)
- the average dispersion angle from the ideal Goss orientation with the rolling direction RD as the rotation axis is defined as ⁇ (°)
- ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ satisfy the following formula (1).
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to this embodiment is described below.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams that show a schematic structure of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to this embodiment.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment has a base steel sheet 11, a primary coating (glass coating) 13 formed on the surface of the base steel sheet 11, and a secondary coating (tension-imparting insulating coating) 15, which is an example of an insulating coating, formed on the surface of the glass coating 13.
- the glass coating 13 and the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 may be formed on at least one surface of the base steel sheet 11, but are usually formed on both surfaces of the base steel sheet 11, as shown typically in Fig. 1B.
- the base steel sheet 11 exhibits excellent noise characteristics and magnetic characteristics by being manufactured from a steel billet containing the chemical components described in detail below. The chemical components of the base steel sheet 11 will be described in detail again below.
- the glass coating 13 is an inorganic coating mainly composed of magnesium silicate, which is disposed on the surface of the base steel sheet 11.
- the glass coating 13 is formed during finish annealing by a reaction between an annealing separator containing magnesia (MgO) applied to the surface of the base steel sheet and the components of the surface of the base steel sheet 11.
- MgO magnesia
- the glass coating 13 has a composition derived from the components of the annealing separator and the base steel sheet (more specifically, a composition mainly composed of Mg 2 SiO 4 ).
- the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 is disposed on the surface of the glass coating 13.
- the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 imparts electrical insulation to the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10, thereby reducing eddy current loss and improving the iron loss of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10.
- the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 also realizes various other properties, such as corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and slipperiness.
- the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 has the function of imparting tension to the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet 10.
- the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 imparts tension to the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet 10, facilitating domain wall movement in the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet 10, thereby improving the iron loss of the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet 10.
- the tension-imparting insulating coating 15 is formed, for example, by applying a coating liquid whose main components are metal phosphate and silica to the surface of the glass coating 13 and baking it.
- the thickness of the base steel sheet of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 0.16 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less.
- the thickness t of the base steel sheet of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 is, for example, less than 0.20 mm.
- the lower limit of the thickness t may be 0.16 mm or more, or may be 0.17 mm or more.
- the contents of the components other than carbon (C), acid-soluble aluminum (sol. Al), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and bismuth (Bi) in the base steel sheet 11 are maintained at the same contents as in the steel piece.
- the contents of the components other than carbon (C), acid-soluble aluminum (sol. Al), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) in the base steel sheet 11 are approximately the same when it is a steel piece and when it is a product sheet.
- the silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), boron (B), and titanium (Ti) in the base steel sheet 11 may be absorbed into the glass coating during manufacturing, resulting in a slight decrease in their content compared to their composition in the steel piece.
- C 0.020 to 0.150%
- C (carbon) is an element that has the effect of increasing magnetic flux density. If the C content of the steel piece is less than 0.020%, the effect of improving the magnetic flux density cannot be obtained. Therefore, the C content of the steel piece is set to 0.020% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.040% or more, and more preferably 0.050% or more.
- the C content of the steel slab exceeds 0.150%, the steel undergoes a phase transformation during secondary recrystallization annealing (i.e., finish annealing), and secondary recrystallization does not proceed sufficiently, resulting in failure to obtain good magnetic flux density and iron loss characteristics. Therefore, the C content of the steel slab is set to 0.150% or less.
- the lower the C content the more favorable it is for reducing iron loss. From the viewpoint of reducing iron loss, the C content is preferably 0.120% or less, and more preferably 0.100% or less.
- the C content in the above-mentioned steel piece becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below, so that the C content in the base steel sheet 11 is 0.010% (100 ppm) or less.
- the C content in the base steel sheet 11 may be 0%. However, since it is difficult to achieve a C content of 0% in practical steel sheets from a manufacturing perspective, the C content may be greater than 0%.
- Si 3.00 to 4.00%
- Silicon (Si) is an extremely effective element for increasing the electrical resistance (resistivity) of steel and reducing eddy current loss, which constitutes part of iron loss. If the Si content of the steel slab is less than 3.00%, the steel undergoes phase transformation during secondary recrystallization annealing, and secondary recrystallization does not proceed sufficiently, making it difficult to obtain good magnetic flux density and iron loss characteristics. Therefore, the Si content of the steel slab is set to 3.00% or more.
- the Si content of the steel slab is preferably 3.10% or more, and more preferably 3.20% or more.
- the Si content of the steel slab is set to 4.00% or less.
- the Si content of the steel slab is preferably 3.80% or less, and more preferably 3.50% or less.
- the Si content in the above-mentioned steel piece may decrease as it becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below.
- the Si content in the base steel sheet 11 may decrease slightly as Si is consumed as a glass coating.
- the amount of decrease is within a range that does not impede the action and effect of this embodiment, and the effect of this embodiment can be enjoyed by setting the Si content of the steel piece within the above range.
- the Si content of the base steel sheet 11 may be 2.80 to 3.80%.
- sol. Al 0.010 to 0.050%
- Al (acid-soluble aluminum) is a constituent element of a major inhibitor among compounds called inhibitors that affect secondary recrystallization in grain-oriented electrical steel sheets. Al is an essential element from the viewpoint of recrystallization. If the sol. Al content of the steel slab is less than 0.010%, AlN, which functions as an inhibitor, is not sufficiently generated, and secondary recrystallization is insufficient. Therefore, the sol. Al content in the steel slab is set to 0.010% or more, and preferably 0.020% or more. On the other hand, if the sol. Al content exceeds 0.050%, embrittlement of the steel sheet becomes significant. Therefore, the sol. Al content of the steel slab is set to 0.050% or less. The amount is preferably 0.040% or less, more preferably 0.030% or less.
- the sol. Al content in the above-mentioned steel slab becomes 0.010% (100 ppm) or less in the base steel sheet 11 after going through the process described in detail below to become the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment.
- the lower limit of the sol. Al content in the base steel sheet 11 is not particularly limited, so it may be 0%.
- Mn 0.01 to 0.50%
- Mn manganese
- Mn manganese
- MnS manganese
- the Mn content is preferably 0.03% or more, and more preferably 0.06% or more.
- the Mn content of the steel slab exceeds 0.50%, the steel undergoes a phase transformation during secondary recrystallization annealing, and secondary recrystallization does not proceed sufficiently, making it difficult to obtain good magnetic flux density and iron loss characteristics. Therefore, the Mn content of the steel slab is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.20% or less, and more preferably 0.10% or less.
- the Mn content in the above-mentioned steel piece may decrease as it becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below.
- the Mn content in the base steel sheet 11 may decrease slightly due to Mn absorption in the glass coating.
- the amount of decrease is within a range that does not impede the action and effect of this embodiment, and the effect of this embodiment can be enjoyed by setting the Mn content of the steel piece within the above range.
- the Mn content of the base steel sheet 11 may be 0 to 0.40%.
- N is an element that reacts with the above-mentioned acid-soluble Al to form AlN that functions as an inhibitor. Since N combines with Al to form AlN that functions as an inhibitor, the N content of the steel slab is set to 0.001% or more. The N content is preferably 0.004% or more, and more preferably 0.006% or more. On the other hand, if the N content of the steel slab exceeds 0.020%, blisters (voids) are formed in the steel sheet during cold rolling, and the strength increases, deteriorating the sheet passability during production. Therefore, the N content of the steel slab is set to 0.020% or less. The N content is preferably 0.015% or less, and more preferably 0.010% or less.
- the N content in the above-mentioned steel piece becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below, so that the N content in the base steel sheet 11 becomes 0.010% (100 ppm) or less.
- the lower limit of the N content in the base steel sheet 11 is not particularly limited, so it may be 0%.
- S + Se 0.0010 to 0.0400%
- S (sulfur) and Se (selenium) are important elements that react with the above-mentioned Mn to form MnS or MnSe, which are inhibitors. If the total of the S content and Se content of the steel slab is less than 0.0010%, a sufficient inhibitor effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the total of the S content and Se content of the steel slab is set to 0.0010% or more.
- the total of the S content and Se content is preferably 0.0100% or more, and more preferably 0.0150% or more.
- the total of the S content and the Se content of the steel slab exceeds 0.0400%, this causes hot brittleness and makes hot rolling extremely difficult. Therefore, the total of the S content and the Se content of the steel slab is set to 0.0400% or less.
- the total of the S content and the Se content is preferably 0.0300% or less.
- the S content in the above-mentioned steel slab may decrease as it becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below.
- the S content in the base steel sheet 11 may be 0.0100% (100 ppm) or less.
- the lower limit of the total S content and Se content in the base steel sheet 11 is not particularly limited and may be 0.0005%.
- the lower limit of the total S content and Se content in the base steel sheet 11 may include 0%. Note that it is necessary to pay close attention to the identification of S or Se of less than 0.0005%.
- the total S content and Se content may be considered to be 0%. In practical steel sheets, the lower limit of the actual total S content and Se content is 0.0005%.
- P 0.005 to 0.100%
- P phosphorus
- the P content of the steel slab is set to 0.005% or more, and preferably 0.010% or more.
- P is an element that reduces workability in rolling. If the P content exceeds 0.100%, the rolling workability decreases, and there is a risk of the steel sheet breaking during production. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.100% or less.
- the P content is preferably set to 0.070% or less, and more preferably set to 0.030% or less.
- the chemical composition of the steel slab and base steel sheet 11 according to this embodiment basically contains the above-mentioned elements (basic elements), with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- one or more elements (optional elements) selected from the group consisting of Sn, Cu, Cr, Sb, Mo, Ni, Nb, B, Ti, and Bi may be further contained in the ranges shown below. Since Sn, Cu, Cr, Sb, Mo, Ni, Nb, B, Ti, and Bi are optional elements in the steel slab and base steel sheet 11 according to this embodiment, the lower limit of their content is 0%.
- Sn 0 to 0.50%
- Sn (tin) is an element that has a magnetic property improving effect. Therefore, it may be contained.
- the Sn content is 0.01% or more in order to exhibit the magnetic property improving effect well.
- the Sn content is more preferably 0.03% or more.
- the Sn content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Sn content is preferably 0.40% or less, and more preferably 0.30% or less.
- Cu 0 to 0.50%
- Cu (copper) is an element that contributes to increasing the Goss orientation occupancy rate in the secondary recrystallized structure and also contributes to improving the glass coating adhesion.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the Cu content is more preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Cu content of the steel slab is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.40% or less, and more preferably 0.30% or less.
- Cr 0 to 0.50%
- Cr chromium
- the Cr content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the Cr content is more preferably 0.03% or more.
- the Cr content is set to 0.50% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.40% or less, and more preferably 0.30% or less.
- Sb 0 to 0.20%
- Sb antimony
- the content is preferably 0.01% or more in order to exhibit the magnetic property improving effect well.
- the upper limit of the Sb content is set to 0.20%.
- the Sb content is preferably 0.15% or less, and more preferably 0.10% or less.
- Mo 0 to 0.10%
- Mo molybdenum
- Mo is an element that has a magnetic property improving effect. Therefore, it may be contained.
- Mo molybdenum
- the Mo content exceeds 0.10%, the cold rolling property deteriorates and there is a possibility of fracture. Therefore, if Mo is contained, the Mo content is set to 0.10% or less.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.05% or less, and more preferably 0.03% or less.
- Ni 0 to 0.20%
- Ni nickel
- Ni (nickel) is an effective element for affecting the crystal orientation rotation that occurs during cold rolling and obtaining a texture that is favorable for secondary recrystallization. It is also an effective element for increasing resistivity and reducing iron loss. Therefore, it may be contained.
- the Ni content is 0.01% or more in order to obtain these effects.
- the Ni content exceeds 0.20%, the secondary recrystallization may become unstable. Therefore, if Ni is contained, the Ni content is set to 0.20% or less.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.15% or less, and more preferably 0.10% or less.
- Nb 0 to 0.0200%
- Nb niobium
- the Nb content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the Nb content is more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the Nb content is set to 0.0200% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.0100% or less, and more preferably 0.0050% or less.
- B 0 to 0.0200%
- B is an element that is effective in strengthening the inhibitor action and stably obtaining secondary recrystallization. Therefore, it may be contained.
- the B content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the B content is more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the B content is set to 0.0200% or less.
- the B content is preferably 0.0100% or less, and more preferably 0.0050% or less.
- Ti 0 to 0.0200%
- Ti titanium is an element that increases the degree of accumulation of Goss orientation and improves magnetic properties. Although the cause is unclear, it may combine with N to form TiN and function as an inhibitor.
- the Ti content is set to 0.0005% or more, preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the Ti content is set to 0.0200% or less, preferably 0.0100% or less, and more preferably 0.0050% or less.
- Bi 0 to 0.0200%
- Bi bismuth
- the Bi content is set to 0.0010% or more, and preferably 0.0020% or more.
- the Bi content is set to 0.0200% or less, preferably 0.0100% or less.
- the Bi content in the above-mentioned steel slab becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below, so that the Bi content in the base steel sheet 11 becomes 0.0100% (100 ppm) or less.
- the lower limit of the Bi content in the base steel sheet 11 is not particularly limited, so it may be 0%. It may also be more than 0%.
- the Cr, B, and Ti contents in the above-mentioned steel piece may decrease as it becomes the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 according to this embodiment through the process described in detail below.
- the contents of these elements in the base steel sheet 11 may decrease slightly as a result of Cr being absorbed in the glass coating, or inclusions such as BN and TiN being formed.
- the amount of decrease is within a range that does not affect the effect of this embodiment.
- the total amount of chemical components in the base steel sheet 11 can be obtained from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 by measuring using ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). Specifically, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 10 is first cleaned with an alkaline solution to remove the tension-imparting insulating coating 15, and then the glass coating 13 is removed by pickling, after which the amount is measured using ICP-AES. At this time, C and S can be measured using the combustion-infrared absorption method, N can be measured using the inert gas fusion-thermal conductivity method, and O can be measured using the inert gas fusion-non-dispersive infrared absorption method.
- ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
- the tension-imparting insulating coating can be removed by immersing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having the coating in a high-temperature alkaline solution. Specifically, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having the coating is immersed in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH: 30-50 mass % + H 2 O: 50-70 mass %) at 80-90°C for 5-10 minutes, and then rinsed with water and dried. This makes it possible to remove the tension-imparting insulating coating from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- the time for immersion in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution can be appropriately changed depending on the thickness of the tension-imparting insulating coating.
- the glass coating can be removed by immersing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet from which the tension-applying insulating coating has been removed in hydrochloric acid (concentration 30-40%) at 80-90°C for 1-5 minutes, rinsing with water and drying. This allows the glass coating to be removed from the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- the steel composition of a slab can be analyzed by taking a sample from the molten steel before casting, or by removing surface oxide films and other impurities from the slab after casting.
- the remainder of the chemical composition of the steel billet and base steel sheet 11 according to this embodiment is basically Fe and impurities.
- impurities are elements that are present in the steel billet and base steel sheet 11 regardless of the intention of their addition. In other words, they refer to elements that are mixed in from raw materials such as ore, scrap, or the manufacturing environment when the base steel sheet is industrially manufactured, and are permissible to be contained in amounts that do not adversely affect the function of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to this embodiment.
- the base steel sheet 11 of this embodiment has a secondary recrystallization texture accumulated in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation (Goss orientation).
- Goss orientation a secondary recrystallization texture accumulated in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation
- the average dispersion angle from the ideal Goss orientation with the rolling surface normal direction ND as the rotation axis is defined as ⁇ (°)
- the average dispersion angle from the ideal Goss orientation with the rolling transverse direction TD as the rotation axis is defined as ⁇ (°)
- the average dispersion angle from the ideal Goss orientation with the rolling direction RD as the rotation axis is defined as ⁇ (°)
- the ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ satisfy the following formula (1).
- the ⁇ preferably satisfies the following formula (2).
- the crystal orientation is specified without making a strict distinction between angle differences of about ⁇ 2.5°.
- the angle range of about ⁇ 3.0° centered on the geometrically strict ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation is defined as the " ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation.”
- the deviation between the actual crystal orientation of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and the ideal Goss orientation is defined using the following three angles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ (unit: °):
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the above-mentioned deviation angles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ .
- the deviation angle ⁇ is the angle between the ⁇ 001> direction of the crystal projected onto the rolling surface when viewed from the rolling surface normal direction ND and the rolling direction RD.
- the deviation angle ⁇ is the angle between the ⁇ 001> direction of the crystal projected onto the L cross section (cross section with the rolling direction TD as its normal) when viewed from the rolling direction TD (plate width direction) and the rolling direction RD.
- the deviation angle ⁇ is the angle between the ⁇ 110> direction of the crystal projected onto the C cross section (cross section with the rolling direction RD as its normal) when viewed from the rolling direction RD and the rolling surface normal direction ND.
- the misalignment angles ⁇ and ⁇ are known to affect magnetic properties.
- the misalignment angle ⁇ affects magnetostriction.
- Magnetostriction is a phenomenon in which a magnetic material changes shape when a magnetic field is applied.
- Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets used in transformers and other components are required to have low magnetostriction because magnetostriction causes noise.
- the crystal orientation is controlled so that the misalignment angle ⁇ is small (specifically, so that the maximum and average values of the absolute value of the misalignment angle ⁇ ,
- Convention grain-oriented electrical steel sheets there is a limit to how much the misalignment angle ⁇ can be reduced, and further reduction is desired.
- the secondary recrystallization texture of the base steel sheet satisfies the above formula (1), and preferably satisfies the above formula (2).
- the deviation angle ⁇ exceeds 10.0°, the magnetic properties may deteriorate.
- the deviation angles ⁇ and ⁇ have a greater effect on the magnetic properties than the deviation angle ⁇ . Therefore, the deviation angles ⁇ and ⁇ are made smaller than the deviation angle ⁇ .
- the deviation angle ⁇ is set to 10.0° or less.
- the deviation angle ⁇ may exceed 2.5°.
- the lower limit of the deviation angle ⁇ is set to 4.0° or more. Furthermore, by controlling the deviation angles ⁇ and ⁇ to be less than 4.0°, the magnetic flux density in the rolling direction is improved, and good magnetic properties are obtained. From the viewpoint of improving the magnetic properties, the deviation angles ⁇ and ⁇ are preferably less than 3.5°, and more preferably less than 3.0°. However, when the deviation angle ⁇ is controlled to be 2.5° or less, the deviation angle ⁇ becomes 2.5° or more.
- the shift angle ⁇ is 2.5° or more, there is a risk that the noise characteristics will deteriorate. Therefore, the lower limit of the shift angle ⁇ is set to be more than 2.5°, and the upper limit of the shift angle ⁇ is set to be less than 2.5°. From the above, from the viewpoint of achieving both magnetic properties and noise properties, it is effective in this embodiment for the shift angles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ to satisfy the following relationship.
- the deviation angle ⁇ is 2.0° or less, and more preferably 1.8° or less.
- the deviation angle ⁇ may be 0°.
- the crystal orientation of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets can be experimentally obtained using, for example, a Laue diffractometer (RIGAKU RASCO-L II V).
- a Laue diffractometer RIGAKU RASCO-L II V
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet measuring 60 mm in width and 300 mm in length is irradiated with X-rays at intervals of 5 mm in the length direction and 5 mm in the width direction to obtain Laue diffraction spots.
- the obtained Laue diffraction spots are then fitted using analysis software on a PC to obtain the Euler angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ , and ⁇ 2.
- Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing an example of the flow of the manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- the method for producing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to this embodiment is as follows: (I) a heating step of heating a steel billet having a predetermined chemical composition; (II) a hot rolling step (step S101) of hot rolling the steel slab after the heating step to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet; (III) A hot-rolled sheet annealing process (step S103) of annealing the hot-rolled steel sheet to obtain a hot-rolled annealed steel sheet; (IV) a cold rolling process (step S105) in which the hot-rolled annealed steel sheet is cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet; (V) a decarburization annealing step (step S107) of subjecting the cold-rolled steel sheet to decarburization annealing to obtain a decarburization annealed steel sheet; (VI) a finish annealing step (step S109) of applying an annealing separator to the decarburized annealed steel sheet and then performing finish annealing to
- Heating process In the heating step, a steel slab or other steel piece having the above-mentioned chemical composition is heated prior to hot rolling.
- the heating temperature of the steel slab is not particularly limited, but is preferably within the range of 1100 to 1450°C.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 1300 to 1400°C.
- step S101 the steel slab after the heating step is hot rolled to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet.
- the hot rolling conditions are not particularly limited and may be appropriately set based on the desired characteristics.
- the thickness of the hot rolled steel sheet processed by hot rolling is preferably within a range of, for example, 2.0 mm to 3.0 mm.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet annealing process is a process in which the hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured through the hot rolling process is annealed to produce a hot-rolled annealed steel sheet. By carrying out such annealing treatment, recrystallization occurs in the steel sheet structure, making it possible to realize good magnetic properties.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured through the hot rolling process is annealed according to a known method.
- the means for heating the hot-rolled steel sheet during annealing is not particularly limited, and any known heating method can be adopted.
- the annealing conditions are also not particularly limited, but for example, the hot-rolled steel sheet can be annealed in a temperature range of 900 to 1200°C for 10 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the hot rolled annealed steel sheet is subjected to cold rolling including at least one pass to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet.
- the cold rolling does not have to include one or more intermediate annealing between each rolling pass.
- the cold rolling may be interrupted and at least one or more intermediate annealing may be performed, so that multiple cold rolling steps including intermediate annealing are performed.
- intermediate annealing When intermediate annealing is performed, it is preferable to hold the material at a temperature of 1000 to 1200°C for 5 to 180 seconds. There are no particular limitations on the annealing atmosphere. Taking manufacturing costs into consideration, it is preferable to perform intermediate annealing three times or less.
- the surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet may be pickled under known conditions before rolling down.
- the cold rolling conditions are not limited, but for example, the final rolling reduction can be in the range of 80% to 95%. If the final rolling reduction is less than 80%, it is highly likely that Goss nuclei having a high concentration of ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation in the rolling direction cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the final reduction exceeds 95%, it is undesirable because the secondary recrystallization is likely to become unstable in the subsequent finish annealing step. By setting the final reduction within the above range, Goss nuclei having a high concentration of ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation in the rolling direction can be obtained, and the instability of the secondary recrystallization can be suppressed.
- the final reduction is the cumulative reduction of cold rolling, and if intermediate annealing is performed, it is the cumulative reduction of cold rolling after final intermediate annealing.
- the thickness of the cold-rolled steel sheet is usually different from the thickness of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is finally manufactured (product thickness including the thickness of the tension-imparting insulating coating).
- product thickness of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is as mentioned above.
- the decarburization annealing process (step S107) is a process in which the cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to decarburization annealing to obtain a decarburization annealed steel sheet, and in this embodiment, this is an important process for appropriately controlling both the texture and the inhibitors and reducing the average dispersion angle ⁇ .
- the decarburization annealing process the cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to primary recrystallization, and C (carbon), which adversely affects magnetic properties, is removed from the steel sheet.
- the annealing process is performed in accordance with predetermined heat treatment conditions in the decarburization annealing process, so that the secondary recrystallized structure can be precisely controlled in the subsequent finish annealing process.
- the decarburization annealing process according to this embodiment includes two steps, a heating step (step S131) and a soaking step (step S133), in order to obtain the desired secondary recrystallization structure.
- the heating process is a process in which the cold-rolled steel sheet obtained in the cold rolling process is heated at a predetermined heating rate from room temperature to a temperature (maximum heating temperature) T1 (°C) in the range of 850°C to 950°C.
- the soaking process is a process in which the cold-rolled steel sheet that has been heated at a predetermined heating rate is cooled to a predetermined temperature and annealed by holding it in a predetermined temperature range for a predetermined time.
- the temperature increasing step according to this embodiment is an important step for precisely controlling the texture of the secondary recrystallized grains.
- the reduction ratio (cold rolling ratio) in cold rolling is increased in order to reduce the plate thickness, but as the cold rolling ratio increases, the Goss orientation decreases and the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable.
- the average heating rate in the temperature range of 550 to 800 ° C. is set to 400 ° C. / sec or more to increase the Goss orientation.
- the temperature range of 550 to 800 ° C. affects the behavior of recrystallization, that is, transition.
- the heating step recrystallization is completed at the maximum temperature reached after recovery of the structure. It is this recovery and recrystallization that have the greatest effect on the finishing annealing step (secondary recrystallization annealing step), which is the subsequent step, and in this embodiment, by setting the average heating rate in the temperature range of 550 to 800 ° C. to 400 ° C. / sec or more, it is possible to increase the number of Goss orientation nuclei having a geometrically strict ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001>. On the other hand, if the average heating rate in this temperature range is less than 400° C./sec, it is not possible to sufficiently increase the number of Goss-oriented nuclei having a geometrically strict ⁇ 110 ⁇ 001> orientation.
- the average heating rate in the temperature range of 550 to 800° C. is set to 3000° C./sec or less.
- the temperature range for controlling the average heating rate is set to 550 to 800°C because this temperature range is important for enrichment and recovery of the Goss orientation.
- This temperature range was found by the inventors by investigating the effect of the residence time at each temperature on the frequency of the Goss orientation and its recovery. That is, the inventors investigated the effect of residence time at each temperature on the frequency and recovery of the Goss orientation, and found that residence in the temperature range of 550 to 800°C reduces the frequency of the Goss orientation in the primary recrystallization texture. In other words, the frequency of the Goss orientation can be increased by increasing the heating rate in the temperature range of 550 to 800°C. If the frequency of the Goss orientation can be increased, the probability of coarsening of the Goss orientation can be increased in the final annealing process, which in turn leads to improved magnetic properties.
- the SiO 2 formed on the steel sheet surface layer can be made thicker and denser.
- the relationship between the SiO2 generation form and secondary recrystallization stabilization will be explained below.
- the ratio of surface area is large, so the decomposition rate of the inhibitor is fast, and the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable.
- the decomposition of the inhibitor is triggered by the interaction between the primary coating Mg 2 SiO 4 and AlN.
- it is effective to reduce the formation rate of the primary coating, that is, to increase the formation temperature of the primary coating.
- the formation rate of the primary coating is affected by the amount of SiO 2 present in the decarburized annealed steel sheet.
- the inventors have found that the increase in the formation temperature of the primary coating can be achieved by thickening and densifying the SiO2 formed in the temperature-raising step of the decarburization annealing step.
- the mechanism by which the formation temperature of the primary coating can be increased by thickening and densifying the SiO2 is unclear, it is believed that this is because the thickened and densified SiO2 reduces the mobility of Mg ions in the SiO2 .
- the form of SiO 2 formed in the temperature-raising process is roughly divided into an "external oxide film” formed on the surface of the steel sheet and an “internal oxide film” formed in the surface layer of the steel sheet, and the "internal oxide film” is further divided into a "spherical oxide” and a “lamellar oxide film”.
- the present inventors have focused on the "external oxide film” among them, and have found that by forming a thick and dense external oxide film in the temperature-raising process, the formation rate of the primary coating can be reduced (i.e., the formation temperature of the primary coating can be increased) in the subsequent finish annealing process, and the inhibitor can be stabilized (decomposition rate can be reduced).
- the cold-rolled steel sheet is heated to a temperature (maximum heating temperature) T1 (°C) in the range of 850°C to 950°C.
- the maximum heating temperature T1 is an effective factor in suppressing internal oxidation in the subsequent soaking process.
- the maximum heating temperature T1 is set to 850°C or higher. This makes it possible to suppress internal oxidation in the soaking process (suppressing the formation of spherical oxides and lamellar oxide films).
- the maximum heating temperature T1 is 870°C or higher, more preferably 900°C or higher.
- excessively increasing the maximum heating temperature T1 leads to excessive strain on the equipment, so the maximum heating temperature T1 is set to 950°C or lower.
- the outer oxide film of SiO 2 formed on the steel sheet surface can be formed thick and dense.
- the average temperature rise rate in the temperature range from 800 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C) is less than 100°C/sec, the thickness of the outer oxide film of SiO 2 becomes insufficient, and oxide films other than SiO 2 (e.g., Fe 2 SiO 4 , etc.) are allowed. Oxide films other than SiO 2 may promote the decomposition of the inhibitor during the final annealing process.
- the average temperature rise rate in the temperature range from 800 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C) is set to 100°C/sec or more, preferably 200°C/sec or more, and more preferably 400°C/sec or more.
- the control range of the average heating rate in the heating process is 550 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C).
- the average heating rate in the temperature range from 550 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C) to 100°C/sec or more.
- the preferable temperature range to be controlled is 600 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C), and more preferably 650 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C).
- the upper limit of the average heating rate in the temperature range from 800 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C) does not need to be limited from the viewpoint of characteristics, but since special equipment is required to obtain an average heating rate exceeding 1500°C/sec, the average heating rate is set to 1500°C/sec or less.
- the dew point of the atmosphere during the temperature rise from 800°C to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C) is set to 0°C or less.
- the dew point in the temperature rise process also affects the formation of oxide films other than SiO2 .
- the dew point of the atmosphere in the temperature range from 800 to the maximum heating temperature T1 (°C) is set to 0°C or less, preferably -5°C or less, and more preferably -10°C or less.
- setting the dew point of the atmosphere to 0°C or less in the temperature range from room temperature to less than 800°C does not impair the effect of the present invention.
- a soaking step is carried out. If carbon remains in the steel sheet, the core loss properties will deteriorate over time (known as magnetic aging). Therefore, the atmosphere during decarburization annealing is usually set to a relatively high oxygen potential in order to reduce the amount of carbon. However, during the annealing process, if the oxygen potential of the atmosphere is high, the amount of SiO2 produced will increase, and the rate of primary coating formation will increase. Therefore, in the soaking step, the annealing atmosphere is set at a low oxygen potential, which reduces the rate at which the primary coating is formed.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet is preferably held for 100 to 300 seconds in an atmosphere with a temperature of 780 to 860° C. and an oxygen potential (PH 2 O/PH 2 ) of 0.20 to 0.60.
- the sheet is heated to a temperature exceeding the holding temperature in the soaking step in the temperature increase step, and therefore is cooled to a predetermined soaking holding temperature by air cooling or natural cooling when transitioning to the soaking step, but this cooling does not impair the effect shown in this embodiment.
- the holding temperature in the soaking step is less than 780°C, decarburization will be insufficient due to the diffusion rate limiting factor. If decarburization is insufficient, carbon will remain in the steel sheet, causing iron loss deterioration. Alternatively, secondary recrystallization itself will not occur due to a phase change.
- the holding temperature exceeds 860° C., the interface rate-determining factor also restricts the decarburization, resulting in poor decarburization, because a coating oxide film that is harmful to decarburization is formed.
- the oxygen potential in the soaking process is less than 0.20, decarburization is poor. Decarburization is a chemical reaction between carbon in the steel sheet and oxygen in the annealing atmosphere.
- a low oxygen potential is synonymous with a low oxygen partial pressure, and means a situation in which the decarburization reaction is difficult to occur.
- the oxygen potential during the soaking step exceeds 0.60, decarburization is also poor, because a coating oxide film that inhibits decarburization is formed.
- the ambient dew point temperature may be set to 30 to 80°C using a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gas or nitrogen gas.
- a nitriding treatment may be carried out between the decarburization annealing step and the finish annealing step described below.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet after the decarburization annealing process is maintained at about 700 to 850 ° C. in a nitriding atmosphere (an atmosphere containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia or other gases having nitriding ability).
- a nitriding atmosphere an atmosphere containing hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia or other gases having nitriding ability.
- the N content of the cold-rolled steel sheet after the nitriding process is less than 40 ppm, AlN does not precipitate sufficiently in the cold-rolled steel sheet, and AlN may not function as an inhibitor. For this reason, when AlN is used as an inhibitor, it is preferable that the N content of the cold-rolled steel sheet is 40 ppm or more. On the other hand, when the N content of the cold-rolled steel sheet exceeds 1000 ppm, excess AlN remains in the steel sheet even after the secondary recrystallization is completed in the finish annealing. Such AlN causes iron loss deterioration. For this reason, the N content of the steel sheet is preferably 1000 ppm or less.
- step S109 an annealing separator is applied to the decarburized annealed steel sheet (after the decarburization annealing step or the nitriding treatment step), and then finish annealing is performed to obtain a finish annealed steel sheet.
- the finish annealing conditions are not limited, but may be, for example, performed under conditions in which the temperature is raised to 1150 to 1250° C. in an atmospheric gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and annealing (holding) is performed in that temperature range for 10 to 60 hours.
- the final annealing is performed for a long time while the steel sheet is wound in a coil shape. Therefore, prior to the final annealing, an annealing separator is applied to the cold-rolled steel sheet and dried in order to prevent the inside and outside of the coil from seizing.
- the annealing separator to be applied is an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO.
- MgO a glass coating can be formed on the surface of the base steel sheet. If MgO is not the main component, the primary coating (glass coating) is not formed. This is because the primary coating is an Mg 2 SiO 4 or MgAl 2 O 4 compound, and Mg required for the formation reaction is insufficient.
- the annealing separator applied to the decarburization annealed steel sheet preferably contains one or more elements selected from Ti, Sb, Sr and Cl in an amount of 0.10 to 10.00% in total, relative to the weight of MgO.
- the total content of Ti, Sb, Sr, and Cl is preferably 0.10 to 10.00% by weight. If the total content of Ti, Sb, Sr, and Cl is less than 0.10% by weight of MgO, the effect of improving the magnetic properties may not be sufficient. On the other hand, if the total content of Ti, Sb, Sr, and Cl exceeds 10.00%, a sufficient amount of the primary coating is not formed, and the coating tension effective for improving the magnetic properties cannot be secured, which may result in inferior core loss.
- the forms (i.e., means of addition) of Ti, Sb, Sr and Cl in the annealing separator may be as compounds or as simple substances. For example, when Ti is contained in the annealing separator, it may be contained as Ti simple substance or as Ti oxide (e.g., TiO 2 ).
- an insulating coating (tensioned insulating coating) is formed on the surface (one side or both sides) of the finish annealed steel sheet.
- the conditions for forming the insulating coating are not particularly limited, and a known insulating coating treatment liquid may be used, and the treatment liquid may be applied and dried by a known method.
- the surface of the steel sheet on which the insulating coating is formed may be a surface that has been subjected to any pretreatment, such as degreasing with an alkali or pickling with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., before the treatment liquid is applied, or it may be a surface that has not been subjected to any of these pretreatments and is left as it is after finish annealing.
- any pretreatment such as degreasing with an alkali or pickling with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
- the insulating coating formed on the surface of the steel sheet is not particularly limited as long as it is used as an insulating coating for directional electrical steel sheets, and known insulating coatings can be used.
- insulating coatings include coatings mainly composed of phosphate and colloidal silica.
- composite insulating coatings include inorganic substances that also contain organic substances.
- composite insulating coatings are insulating coatings that are mainly composed of at least one of inorganic substances such as metal chromate salts, metal phosphate salts, colloidal silica, Zr compounds, and Ti compounds, and in which fine organic resin particles are dispersed.
- insulating coatings that use metal phosphate salts, Zr or Ti coupling agents, or carbonates or ammonium salts of these as starting materials may be used.
- the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to this embodiment may include a magnetic domain refining step after the insulating coating forming step.
- a plurality of linear strains thermal strains caused by rapid heating by energy beam irradiation and subsequent rapid cooling
- energy beams such as laser beams or electron beams
- the intervals at which the plurality of linear strains are formed are preferably 3.0 to 9.0 mm in the rolling direction.
- the energy beam include a laser beam and an electron beam.
- the laser beam may be a continuous wave laser or a pulsed laser.
- Examples of the type of laser beam include a fiber laser, a YAG laser, or a CO2 laser.
- the electron beam may be a continuous beam or an intermittent beam.
- the surface scale was removed from the hot-rolled steel sheet after hot rolling and annealing (hot-rolled annealed steel sheet) by pickling or the like, and then cold rolling including multiple passes without intermediate annealing was performed to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet having a sheet thickness of 0.16 to 0.23 mm.
- the obtained cold-rolled steel sheet was subjected to decarburization annealing under the conditions shown in Table 3.
- the holding time in the soaking process was 120 seconds.
- Test Nos. 1, 2, 9, 10, 14, and 15 were further subjected to a nitriding treatment in which the nitrogen content was increased to 200 ppm.
- the decarburized annealed steel sheet was subjected to a final annealing process.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO and containing the elements listed in Table 3 was applied to the surface of the cold-rolled steel sheet by applying a water slurry.
- the components contained in the annealing separator listed in Table 3 indicate the weight fractions of the individual elements.
- the decarburized annealed steel sheet coated with the annealing separator was held at 1200°C for 20 hours to produce a steel sheet (finish annealed steel sheet) with a primary coating (glass coating) on the base steel sheet.
- an insulating coating was formed on this steel sheet. Specifically, an insulating coating forming liquid mainly composed of colloidal silica and phosphate was applied to the surface of the steel sheet (more specifically, the surface of the glass coating, which is the primary coating), and heat-treated (baked). This resulted in a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising a base steel sheet, a glass coating formed on the base steel sheet, and an insulating coating formed on the glass coating.
- the chemical composition of the base steel sheet of the obtained grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is shown in Table 2. Note that the notation "-" in the chemical composition in Table 2 means that the content of the corresponding element is 0% in significant figures (numbers up to the lowest digit) specified in the embodiment.
- the magnetic properties (iron loss and magnetic flux density) of the obtained grain-oriented electrical steel sheets were evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the samples after the laser irradiation were subjected to a magnetic evaluation using a single sheet magnetic test (SST) device to measure the core loss (W 17/50 ).
- SST single sheet magnetic test
- a magnetic field of 800 A/m was also applied to the samples to measure the magnetic flux density B 8 (T).
- the core loss (W 17/50 ) was evaluated according to the following criteria, with ratings A to C being judged to be excellent (low core loss) and rating D being judged to be poor.
- Grade A 0.70 or more but less than 0.75 Grade B 0.75 or more but less than 0.80: Grade C 0.80 or more: Grade D
- the magnetostriction of the sample having a width of 60 mm and a length of 300 mm that had been subjected to the above-mentioned magnetic domain control was measured by an AC magnetostriction measurement method using a magnetostriction measurement device that was equipped with a laser Doppler vibrometer, an excitation coil, an excitation power supply, a magnetic flux detection coil, an amplifier, and an oscilloscope.
- an AC magnetic field was applied to the sample so that the maximum magnetic flux density in the rolling direction was 1.7 T.
- the change in length of the sample due to expansion and contraction of the magnetic domains was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer to obtain a magnetostriction signal.
- the obtained magnetostriction signal was subjected to Fourier analysis to determine the amplitude Cn of each frequency component fn (n is a natural number equal to or greater than 1) of the magnetostriction signal.
- the A correction coefficient ⁇ n for each frequency component fn was used to determine the magnetostriction velocity level LVA (dB) given by the following formula.
- the noise characteristics were evaluated in accordance with the following criteria. If the magnetostriction rate level was 60.0 dBA or less, it was judged to have "excellent noise characteristics” (grade C). If it was 57.5 dBA or less, it was judged to be even better (grade B), and if it was 55.0 dBA or less, it was judged to be particularly excellent (grade A). If the magnetostriction rate level was more than 60.0 dBA, it was judged to have "inadequate noise characteristics (grade D)".
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2022年11月15日に、日本に出願された特願2022-182571号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、薄手材においては、原因は明らかではないが、インヒビターの耐熱性が低下して、Goss方位が優先成長する時間の確保が出来ず、二次再結晶は不安定化する。
すなわち、薄手材ではテクスチャー、インヒビターの両方の観点から二次再結晶が不安定化する問題がある。
また、特許文献3の方法によればインヒビター制御は可能であるものの、テクスチャーの制御については考慮されていない。そのため、例えば母材鋼板板厚が0.22mm未満の薄手電磁鋼板に本技術を適用した場合、高品位な二次再結晶方位は得られない可能性が高い。
その結果、一部の薄手材では、二次再結晶の不安定化を招くことなく、従来の方向性電磁鋼板の磁気特性よりも非常に優れた磁気特性が確認され、かつ、良好な騒音特性と両立できることが確認された。より詳細に調査した結果、二次再結晶組織における理想Goss方位からの平均分散角のうち、圧延直角方向TDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角β(°)、圧延面法線方向NDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角α(°)、および圧延方向RDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角γ(°)のそれぞれが、下記式(1)に示すような序列を満足することで、薄手材においても二次再結晶が安定化し、良好な磁気特性と良好な騒音特性の両立を達成できることを見出した。
以下、本発明者らによる検討結果について詳述する。
[1]本発明の一実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板は、質量%で、
C:0~0.010%、
Si:3.00~4.00%、
Sol.Al:0~0.010%、
Mn:0.01~0.50%、
N :0.010%以下、
S+Se:0.0100%以下、
P :0.005~0.100%、
Sn:0~0.50%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Sb:0~0.20%、
Mo:0~0.10%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
Nb:0~0.0200%、
B :0~0.0200%、
Ti:0~0.0200%
Bi:0~0.0200%
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなる化学組成を有する母材鋼板と、
前記母材鋼板の表面に設けられたグラス被膜と、
前記グラス被膜の表面に設けられた張力付与性絶縁被膜と、
を備え、
前記母材鋼板は、Goss方位に配向する集合組織を有し、
前記母材鋼板において、
圧延面法線方向NDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をα(°)と定義し、
圧延直角方向TDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をβ(°)と定義、
圧延方向RDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をγ(°)と定義するとき、
前記α、前記β、前記γが、下記式(1)を満足する。
0.0≦|β|<2.5<|α|<4.0≦|γ|≦10.0 ・・・(1)
[2]上記[1]に記載の方向性電磁鋼板は、前記βが下記式(2)を満足してもよい。
0.0≦|β|≦2.0 ・・・(2)
[3]上記[1]または[2]に記載の方向性電磁鋼板は、前記母材鋼板の板厚が、0.16mm以上0.20mm未満であってもよい。
[4]本発明の一実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法は、質量%で、
C:0.020~0.150%、
Si:3.00~4.00%、
Sol.Al:0.010~0.050%、
Mn:0.01~0.50%、
N:0.001~0.020%、
S+Se:0.001~0.040%、
P :0.005~0.100%、
Sn:0~0.50%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Sb:0~0.20%、
Mo:0~0.10%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
Nb:0~0.0200%、
B :0~0.0200%、
Ti:0~0.0200%、
Bi:0~0.0200%
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなる鋼片を加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程後の前記鋼片を熱間圧延することで熱延鋼板を得る熱間圧延工程と、
前記熱延鋼板を焼鈍することで、熱延焼鈍鋼板を得る熱延板焼鈍工程と、
前記熱延焼鈍鋼板を冷間圧延することで冷延鋼板を得る冷間圧延工程と、
前記冷延鋼板に脱炭焼鈍を施すことで、脱炭焼鈍鋼板を得る脱炭焼鈍工程と、
前記脱炭焼鈍鋼板に焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後に、仕上げ焼鈍を施すことで、仕上げ焼鈍鋼板を得る仕上げ焼鈍工程と、
前記仕上げ焼鈍鋼板の表面に絶縁被膜を形成する絶縁被膜形成工程と、
を含み、
前記脱炭焼鈍工程は、昇温工程と、均熱工程と、を含み、
前記昇温工程においては、
550~800℃の温度域における平均昇温速度を400℃/秒以上3000℃/秒以下とし、
最高加熱温度T1(℃)を850℃以上950℃以下とし、
800~前記最高加熱温度T1(℃)の温度域の平均昇温速度を100℃/秒以上1500℃/秒以下とし、
800~前記最高加熱温度T1(℃)の温度域の雰囲気の露点を0℃以下とする。
[5]上記[4]に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法においては、前記焼鈍分離剤は、主成分としてMgOを含み、前記焼鈍分離剤の中に、Ti、Sb、Sr、Clから選ばれる1種以上を、MgOの重量に対して、0.10~10.00%を含んでもよい。
図1A及び図1Bは、本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の構造を模式的に示した図である。
本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板10は、図1Aに示すように、母材鋼板11と、母材鋼板11の表面に形成された一次被膜(グラス被膜)13と、グラス被膜13の表面に形成された絶縁被膜の一例である二次被膜(張力付与性絶縁被膜)15と、を有している。グラス被膜13及び張力付与性絶縁被膜15は、母材鋼板11の少なくとも一方の面に形成されていればよいが、通常、図1Bに模式的に示したように、母材鋼板11の両面に形成される。
以下では、本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板10について、特徴的な構成を中心に説明する。以下の説明において、公知の構成や、当業者が実施可能な一部の構成については、詳細な説明を省略しているところがある。
母材鋼板11は、以下で詳述するような化学成分を含有する鋼片から製造されることで、優れた騒音特性と磁気特性とを示すようになる。かかる母材鋼板11の化学成分については、以下で改めて詳述する。
グラス被膜13は、母材鋼板11の表面に配置されている、ケイ酸マグネシウムを主成分とする無機質の被膜である。グラス被膜13は、仕上げ焼鈍において、母材鋼板の表面に塗布されたマグネシア(MgO)を含む焼鈍分離剤と、母材鋼板11の表面の成分と、が反応することにより形成される。つまり、グラス被膜13は、焼鈍分離剤及び母材鋼板の成分に由来する組成(より詳細には、Mg2SiO4を主成分とする組成)を有することとなる。
張力付与性絶縁被膜15は、グラス被膜13の表面に配置されている。張力付与性絶縁被膜15により方向性電磁鋼板10に電気絶縁性を付与することで、渦電流損を低減して、方向性電磁鋼板10の鉄損を向上させることができる。また、張力付与性絶縁被膜15は、上記のような電気絶縁性以外にも、耐蝕性、耐熱性、すべり性といった種々の特性を実現する。
本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板10の母材鋼板の板厚(図1A及び図1Bにおける板厚t)は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば0.16mm以上0.30mm以下とすることができる。また、本実施形態においては、冷延後の冷延板(母材鋼板11)の板厚が小さいほど、鉄損の低減効果を十分に得られる。そのため、方向性電磁鋼板10の母材鋼板の板厚tは、好ましくは0.24mm以下、より好ましくは0.23mm以下である。また、例えば、冷延板の板厚が0.22mm未満であるような薄い材料(すなわち、薄手材)である場合に上記効果が顕著となり、鉄損がより一層優れたものとなる。そのため、方向性電磁鋼板10の母材鋼板の板厚tは、例えば、0.20mm未満であることが磁気特性の観点から、さらに好ましい。板厚tの下限は、0.16mm以上であってもよく、0.17mm以上であってもよい。
次に、本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板10の母材鋼板11、および方向性電磁鋼板10を製造する際に用いる鋼片の化学成分について、詳細に説明する。以下では、特に断りのない限り、「%」との表記は「質量%」を表すものとする。
C(炭素)は、磁束密度を高める効果を有する元素である。鋼片のC含有量が0.020%未満である場合には、磁束密度の改善効果を得ることはできない。従って、鋼片のC含有量は、0.020%以上とする。C含有量は、好ましくは0.040%以上であり、より好ましくは0.050%以上である。
一方、鋼片のC含有量が0.150%を超える場合には、二次再結晶焼鈍(すなわち、仕上げ焼鈍)において鋼が相変態し、二次再結晶が十分に進行せず、良好な磁束密度と鉄損特性とが得られない。そのため、鋼片のC含有量を0.150%以下とする。C含有量が少ないほど鉄損低減にとって好ましい。鉄損低減の観点から、C含有量は、好ましくは0.120%以下であり、より好ましくは0.100%以下である。
Si(ケイ素)は、鋼の電気抵抗(比抵抗)を高めて鉄損の一部を構成する渦電流損を低減するのに、極めて有効な元素である。鋼片のSi含有量が3.00%未満である場合には、二次再結晶焼鈍において鋼が相変態して、二次再結晶が十分に進行せず、良好な磁束密度と鉄損特性とが得られない。そのため、鋼片のSi含有量は3.00%以上とする。鋼片のSi含有量は、好ましくは3.10%以上であり、より好ましくは3.20%以上である。
一方、鋼片のSi含有量が4.00%を超える場合には、鋼板が脆化し、製造工程での通板性が顕著に劣化する。そのため、鋼片のSi含有量は4.00%以下とする。鋼片のSi含有量は、好ましくは3.80%以下であり、より好ましくは3.50%以下である。
sol.Al(酸可溶性アルミニウム)は、方向性電磁鋼板において二次再結晶を左右するインヒビターと呼ばれる化合物のうち、主要なインヒビターの構成元素であり、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板において、二次再結晶発現の観点から必須の元素である。鋼片のsol.Al含有量が0.010%未満である場合には、インヒビターとして機能するAlNが十分に生成せず、二次再結晶が不十分となって、鉄損特性が向上しない。そのため、鋼片におけるsol.Al含有量は0.010%以上とする。sol.Al含有量は、好ましくは0.020%以上である。
一方、sol.Al含有量が0.050%を超える場合には、鋼板の脆化が顕著となる。そのため、鋼片のsol.Al含有量は0.050%以下とする。sol.Al含有量は、好ましくは0.040%以下であり、より好ましくは0.030%以下である。
Mn(マンガン)は、主要なインヒビターの一つであるMnSを形成する、重要な元素である。鋼片のMn含有量が0.01%未満である場合には、二次再結晶を生じさせるのに必要なMnSの絶対量が不足する。そのため、鋼片のMn含有量は、0.01%以上とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは0.03%以上であり、より好ましくは0.06%以上である。
一方、鋼片のMn含有量が0.50%を超える場合には、二次再結晶焼鈍において鋼が相変態し、二次再結晶が十分に進行せず、良好な磁束密度と鉄損特性とが得られない。そのため、鋼片のMn含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは0.20%以下であり、より好ましくは0.10%以下である。
N(窒素)は、上記の酸可溶性Alと反応して、インヒビターとして機能するAlNを形成する元素である。Alと結合して、インヒビターとして機能するAlNを形成するため、鋼片のN含有量は0.001%以上とする。N含有量は、好ましくは0.004%以上、より好ましくは0.006%以上である。
一方、鋼片のN含有量が0.020%を超える場合には、冷間圧延時、鋼板中にブリスター(空孔)が生じるうえに、強度が上昇し、製造時の通板性が悪化する。そのため、鋼片のN含有量を0.020%以下とする。N含有量は、好ましくは0.015%以下であり、より好ましくは0.010%以下である。
S(硫黄)及びSe(セレン)は、上記Mnと反応することで、インヒビターであるMnSまたはMnSeを形成する重要な元素である。鋼片のS含有量とSe含有量との合計が0.0010%未満である場合には、十分なインヒビター効果を得ることができない。そのため、鋼片におけるS含有量とSe含有量との合計を0.0010%以上とする。S含有量とSe含有量との合計は、好ましくは0.0100%以上であり、より好ましくは0.0150%以上である。
一方、鋼片のS含有量とSe含有量との合計が0.0400%を超える場合には、熱間脆性の原因となり、熱間圧延が著しく困難となる。そのため、鋼片のS含有量とSe含有量との合計は0.0400%以下とする。S含有量とSe含有量との合計は、好ましくは0.0300%以下である。
P(リン)は、二次再結晶にとって好ましいテクスチャーを得ることに寄与し、磁気特性を改善する効果を有する元素である。そのため、鋼片のP含有量を0.005%以上とする。好ましくは、0.010%以上とする。
一方、Pは、圧延における加工性を低下させる元素である。P含有量が0.100%を超える場合には、圧延加工性が低下し、製造時に鋼板の破断を招くおそれがある。そのため、P含有量は0.100%以下とする。P含有量は、0.070%以下とすることが好ましく、0.030%以下であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態に係る鋼片および母材鋼板11の化学組成は、上述の元素(基本元素)を含有し、残部は、Fe及び不純物であることを基本とする。しかしながら、磁気特性等を高めることを目的として、さらにSn、Cu、Cr、Sb、Mo、Ni、Nb、B、TiおよびBiからなる群から選択される1種以上(任意元素)を以下に示す範囲で含有してもよい。Sn、Cu、Cr、Sb、Mo、Ni、Nb、B、TiおよびBiは、本実施形態に係る鋼片及び母材鋼板11において、任意元素であるため、その含有量の下限値は、0%となる。
Sn(スズ)は、磁気特性改善効果を有する元素である。そのため、含有させてもよい。Snを含有させる場合は、磁気特性改善効果を良好に発揮するべく、Sn含有量を0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。磁気特性と被膜密着性との両立を考慮すると、Sn含有量は、より好ましくは0.03%以上である。
一方、Sn含有量が0.50%を越えると、グラス被膜の密着性が顕著に劣化する。従って、含有させる場合、Sn含有量を0.50%以下とする。Sn含有量は、好ましくは0.40%以下であり、より好ましくは0.30%以下である。
Cu(銅)は、二次再結晶の組織におけるGoss方位占有率の増加に寄与するとともに、グラス被膜密着性の向上に寄与する元素である。上記効果を得る場合、Cu含有量を0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。Cu含有量は、より好ましくは0.05%以上である。
一方、Cu含有量が0.50%を超える場合には、熱間圧延中に鋼板が脆化する。そのため、含有させる場合、鋼片のCu含有量を0.50%以下とする。Cu含有量は、好ましくは0.40%以下であり、より好ましくは0.30%以下である。
Cr(クロム)は、Sn及びCuと同様に、二次再結晶組織におけるGoss方位占有率の増加に寄与して磁気特性を向上させるとともに、グラス被膜密着性の向上に寄与する元素である。上記効果を得るためには、Cr含有量を、0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。Cr含有量は、より好ましくは0.03%以上である。
一方、Cr含有量が0.50%を超える場合には、Cr酸化物が形成され、磁気特性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合、Cr含有量は、0.50%以下とする。Cr含有量は、好ましくは0.40%以下であり、より好ましくは0.30%以下である。
Sb(アンチモン)は、磁気特性改善効果を有する元素である。そのため、含有させてもよい。Sbを含有させる場合は、磁気特性改善効果を良好に発揮するべく、その含有量を0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、Sb含有量が0.20%を越えると、グラス被膜が顕著に劣化する。従って、含有させる場合、Sb含有量の上限を0.20%とする。Sb含有量は、好ましくは0.15%以下であり、より好ましくは0.10%以下である。
Mo(モリブデン)は、磁気特性改善効果を有する元素である。そのため、含有させてもよい。Moを含有させる場合は、磁気特性改善効果を良好に発揮するため、Mo含有量を0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、Mo含有量が0.10%を越えると、冷間圧延性が劣化し、破断に至る可能性がある。従って、含有させる場合、Mo含有量を0.10%以下とする。Mo含有量は、好ましくは0.05%以下であり、より好ましくは0.03%以下である。
Ni(ニッケル)は、冷間圧延の際に生じる結晶方位回転に影響を与え、二次再結晶にとって好ましいテクスチャーを得るための有効な元素である。また、比抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減させるのに有効な元素でもある。そのため、含有させてもよい。Niを含有させる場合は、これら効果を得るため、Ni含有量を0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、Ni含有量が0.20%を超える場合には、二次再結晶が不安定になることがある。そのため、含有させる場合、Ni含有量は0.20%以下とする。Ni含有量は、好ましくは0.15%以下、より好ましくは0.10%以下である。
Nb(ニオブ)は、インヒビターの働きを強化して、二次再結晶を安定して得るために有効な元素である。そのため、含有させてもよい。Nbを含有させる場合は、二次再結晶を安定して得るために、Nb含有量を0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。Nb含有量は、より好ましくは、0.0010%以上である。
一方、Nb含有量が0.0200%を超える場合には、二次再結晶が不安定になることがある。そのため、含有させる場合、Nb含有量は0.0200%以下とする。Nb含有量は、好ましくは0.0100%以下、より好ましくは0.0050%以下である。
B(ホウ素)は、インヒビターの働きを強化して、二次再結晶を安定して得るために有効な元素である。そのため、含有させてもよい。Bを含有させる場合は、二次再結晶を安定して得るために、B含有量を0.0005%以上とすることが好ましい。B含有量は、より好ましくは、0.0010%以上である。
一方、Bの含有量が0.0200%を超える場合には、二次再結晶が不安定になることがある。そのため、含有させる場合、B含有量は0.0200%以下とする。B含有量は、好ましくは0.0100%以下、より好ましくは0.0050%以下である。
Ti(チタン)は、Goss方位の集積度を高め、磁性を改善する元素である。原因は明らかではないが、Nと結合することでTiNを形成し、インヒビターとして機能する可能性がある。Tiを含有させる場合は、Ti含有量を0.0005%以上、好ましくは0.0010%以上とする。
一方、Tiの含有量が0.0200%を超える場合には、TiNが過剰に析出し、鉄損が劣化する。そのため、Ti含有量は0.0200%以下とする。好ましくは0.0100%以下。より好ましくは0.0050%以下とする。
Bi(ビスマス)は、Goss方位の集積度を高め、磁性を改善する元素である。Biを含有させる場合には、Bi含有量を0.0010%以上、好ましくは0.0020%以上とする。
一方、Biが0.0200%を超える場合には、被膜密着性が劣化する。そのため、Bi含有量は0.0200%以下とする。好ましくは0.0100%以下とする。
なお、上記のような鋼片におけるBi含有量は、以下で詳述するような工程を経て本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板10となることで、母材鋼板11におけるBi含有量が、0.0100%(100ppm)以下となる。母材鋼板11におけるBi含有量の下限値は特に限定しないため、0%としてもよい。0%超としてもよい。
本実施形態の母材鋼板11は、{110}<001>方位(Goss方位)に集積した二次再結晶集合組織を有する。また、母材鋼板11において、圧延面法線方向NDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をα(°)と定義し、圧延直角方向TDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をβ(°)と定義、圧延方向RDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をγ(°)と定義するとき、前記α、前記β、前記γが、下記式(1)を満足する。前記βは、好ましくは下記式(2)を満足する。
平均分散角(ずれ角)β:圧延直角方向(TD)周りにおけるずれ角。
平均分散角(ずれ角)γ:圧延方向(RD)周りにおけるずれ角。
上記のずれ角α、ずれ角β、及びずれ角γの模式図を、図2に示す。
式(1)においてずれ角γが10.0°を超える場合、磁気特性が劣化するおそれがある。また、ずれ角α、βは、ずれ角γよりも磁気特性に大きく影響を与える。そのため、ずれ角α、βは、ずれ角γよりも小さくする。ただし、ずれ角γは騒音特性には影響を及ぼすため、過度に大きくすることが好ましくない。そのため、式(1)においてずれ角γは10.0°以下とする。また、ずれ角γを4.0°未満に制御しようとすると、ずれ角βが2.5°を超えるおそれがある。ずれ角βが2.5°を超えると、騒音特性が劣化するおそれがある。そのため、ずれ角γの下限を4.0°以上とする。さらにずれ角αおよびβを4.0°未満に制御することで、圧延方向に対する磁束密度が改善し、良好な磁気特性が得られる。磁気特性の向上の観点から、ずれ角αおよびβは3.5°未満であることが好ましく、より好ましくは3.0未満である。ただしずれ角αを2.5°以下に制御しようとすると、ずれ角βが2.5°以上となってしまう。この原因は不明だが、ずれ角αを低減できるような一次再結晶集合組織とずれ角βを低減できるような一次再結晶集合組織とは、互いにトレードオフの関係があるためと推察される。ずれ角βが2.5°以上となると、騒音特性が悪化するおそれがある。そのため、ずれ角αの下限は2.5°超とし、ずれ角βの上限を2.5°未満とする。以上より、磁気特性および騒音特性の両立の観点から、本実施形態ではずれ角α、β、およびγが下記の関係を満たすことが有効である。
次に、本発明の一実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法(本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法)について、図3を参照しながら説明する。図3は、本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法の流れの一例を示した流れ図である。
(I)所定の化学組成を有する鋼片を加熱する加熱工程と、
(II)前記加熱工程後の前記鋼片を熱間圧延して熱延鋼板を得る熱間圧延工程(ステップS101)と、
(III)前記熱延鋼板を焼鈍して、熱延焼鈍鋼板を得る熱延板焼鈍工程(ステップS103)と、
(IV)前記熱延焼鈍鋼板に対し冷間圧延を施して冷延鋼板を得る冷間圧延工程(ステップS105)と、
(V)前記冷延鋼板に対して脱炭焼鈍を施して、脱炭焼鈍鋼板を得る脱炭焼鈍工程(ステップS107)と、
(VI)前記脱炭焼鈍鋼板に対して焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後に、仕上げ焼鈍を行って仕上げ焼鈍鋼板を得る仕上げ焼鈍工程(ステップS109)と、
(VII)前記仕上げ焼鈍鋼板の表面に絶縁被膜を形成する絶縁被膜形成工程(ステップS111)と、
を含む。
加熱工程では、熱間圧延に先だって、上記化学組成を有するスラブなどの鋼片を加熱する。鋼片の加熱温度は、特に限定しないが1100~1450℃の範囲内とすることが好ましい。加熱温度は、より好ましくは1300~1400℃である。
熱間圧延工程(ステップS101)では、加熱工程後の鋼片を熱間圧延して熱延鋼板を得る。熱間圧延条件については、特に限定されず、求められる特性に基づいて適宜設定すればよい。熱間圧延によって加工された熱延鋼板の板厚は、例えば、2.0mm以上3.0mm以下の範囲内であることが好ましい。
熱延板焼鈍工程は、熱間圧延工程を経て製造された熱延鋼板を焼鈍し、熱延焼鈍鋼板とする工程である。このような焼鈍処理を施すことで、鋼板組織に再結晶が生じ、良好な磁気特性を実現することが可能となる。
冷間圧延工程(ステップS105)では、熱延焼鈍鋼板に対し、少なくとも一回以上のパスを含む冷間圧延を施して、冷延鋼板を得る。冷間圧延は、各圧延パス間に一回以上の中間焼鈍を含まなくてもよい。冷延工程の最終パスより前に、冷延を中断し少なくとも一回以上の中間焼鈍を実施して、中間焼鈍をはさむ複数回の冷間圧延を施してもよい。
一方、最終圧下率が95%を超える場合には、後段の仕上げ焼鈍工程において、二次再結晶が不安定となる可能性が高くなるため、好ましくない。最終圧下率を上記範囲内とすることにより、{110}<001>方位が圧延方向に高い集積度をもつGoss核を得るとともに、二次再結晶の不安定化を抑制することができる。
脱炭焼鈍工程(ステップS107)は、冷延鋼板に対して脱炭焼鈍を施して、脱炭焼鈍鋼板を得る工程であり、本実施形態では、テクスチャー及びインヒビターの両方を適切に制御し平均分散角βを低減するために重要な工程である。
脱炭焼鈍工程では、冷延鋼板を一次再結晶させるととともに、磁気特性に悪影響を及ぼすC(炭素)を鋼板から除去する。また、脱炭焼鈍工程では、続く仕上げ焼鈍工程での安定的な二次再結晶を促すため、Goss核を増加させるとともに、焼鈍により形成されるSiO2を厚膜化かつ緻密化させる。本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法では、かかる脱炭焼鈍工程において、所定の熱処理条件に則して焼鈍処理を施すことで、続く仕上げ焼鈍工程において二次再結晶組織を精緻に制御することができる。
本実施形態に係る昇温工程は、二次再結晶粒の集合組織を精緻に制御するための重要な工程である。
薄手材では、板厚を薄くするため、冷間圧延における圧下率(冷延率)が高くなるが、冷延率が増加すると、Goss方位が減少し二次再結晶が不安定化する。これに対し、本実施形態では、脱炭焼鈍工程の昇温工程において、550~800℃の温度域の平均昇温速度を400℃/秒以上として、Goss方位を増加させる。また、550~800℃の温度域は、再結晶、つまり転移の挙動に影響を及ぼす。昇温工程では、組織の回復を経て最高到達温度にて再結晶が完了する。後工程である仕上げ焼鈍工程(二次再結晶焼鈍工程)に最も影響を及ぼすのはこの回復と再結晶であり、本実施形態では、550~800℃の温度域の平均昇温速度を400℃/秒以上とすることで、幾何学的に厳密な{110}<001>を有するGoss方位の核を増加させることができる。一方、この温度域での平均昇温速度が400℃/秒未満では、幾何学的に厳密な{110}<001>を有するGoss方位の核を十分に増加させることができない。
550~800℃の温度域の平均昇温速度の上限は、特性の点からは限定する必要はないが、当該平均昇温速度を過度に上昇させることは、使用する設備および装置への負荷の観点から望ましくない。したがって、550~800℃の温度域の平均昇温速度を3000℃/秒以下とする。
すなわち、本発明者らが、各温度での滞留時間がGoss方位の存在頻度および回復に及ぼす影響を調査した結果、550~800℃の温度域の滞留によって、一次再結晶集合組織におけるGoss方位頻度が減少してしまうことを見出した。換言するに、550~800℃の温度域の昇温速度を高めることで、Goss方位の存在頻度を高めることができる。Goss方位の存在頻度を高めることができれば、仕上げ焼鈍工程において、Goss方位の粗大化確率を高めることができるため、ひいては磁気特性を高めることに繋がる。
以下、SiO2の生成形態と二次再結晶安定化の関係について説明する。
昇温工程の後、均熱工程を実施する。
鋼板中に炭素が残留する場合、時間経過とともに鉄損特性が劣化する(磁気時効として知られている)。そのため、脱炭焼鈍の際の雰囲気は、炭素量を低減させるため、通常、比較的高い酸素ポテンシャルに設定される。しかしながら、焼鈍工程の際、雰囲気の酸素ポテンシャルが高い場合にSiO2生成量が多くなり、一次被膜形成速度は増加する。
そのため均熱工程において、焼鈍雰囲気を低い酸素ポテンシャルで行う。これにより、一次被膜の形成速度を低減する。
具体的には、均熱工程では、温度が780~860℃かつ酸素ポテンシャル(PH2O/PH2)が0.20以上0.60以下の雰囲気で、冷延鋼板を100秒~300秒保持することが好ましい。なお本実施形態では前記昇温工程において、均熱過程の保持温度を超えて加熱するため、均熱工程への移行時には空冷や自然放冷などによって、所定の均熱保持温度に至るまで冷却をするが、当該冷却は本実施形態で示す効果を損なうものではない。
一方、保持温度が、860℃超であると、界面律速の制約を受けて、やはり脱炭不良となる。脱炭にとって有害な、被覆性の酸化膜が生成するためである。
また、均熱過程における酸素ポテンシャルが0.20未満であると、脱炭不良となる。脱炭は鋼板中の炭素と、焼鈍雰囲気中の酸素との化学反応である。酸素ポテンシャルが低いことは、酸素分圧が低いことと同義であり、脱炭反応が起こり難い状況を意味する。
一方、均熱工程過程における酸素ポテンシャルが0.60超であると、やはり脱炭不良となる。脱炭を阻害するような、被覆性の酸化膜が生成するからである。
本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法では、脱炭焼鈍工程と後述する仕上げ焼鈍工程との間に、窒化処理を行ってもよい。
窒化処理工程では、例えば脱炭焼鈍工程後の冷延鋼板を窒化処理雰囲気(水素、窒素、及びアンモニア等の窒化能を有するガスを含有する雰囲気)内で700~850℃程度に維持する。ここで、冷延鋼板のN含有量が質量基準で40~1000ppmとなるように、鋼板に窒化処理を施すことが好ましい。窒化処理後の冷延鋼板のN含有量が40ppm未満では冷延鋼板内にAlNが十分に析出せず、AlNがインヒビターとして機能しない可能性がある。このため、AlNをインヒビターとして活用する場合、冷延鋼板のN含有量は40ppm以上とすることが好ましい。
一方、冷延鋼板のN含有量が1000ppm超となった場合、仕上げ焼鈍において二次再結晶完了後も鋼板内に過剰にAlNが存在する。このようなAlNは鉄損劣化の原因となる。このため、鋼板のN含有量は1000ppm以下とすることが好ましい。
仕上げ焼鈍工程(ステップS109)では、脱炭焼鈍鋼板(脱炭焼鈍工程後、または窒化処理工程後)に対して焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後に、仕上げ焼鈍を行って仕上げ焼鈍鋼板を得る。
仕上げ焼鈍条件は限定されないが、例えば水素及び窒素を含有する雰囲気ガス中で、1150~1250℃まで昇温し、その温度域で10~60時間焼鈍(保持)する条件で行えばよい。
MgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤に、Ti、Sb、Sr、およびClから選ばれる一種以上を含有することで、一次被膜とAlNとの反応性が抑制され、磁気特性を改善できる。このメカニズムは不明だが、一次被膜と母材鋼板の界面にこれらの元素が偏析することで、一次被膜とAlNとの反応が抑制されるためと考えられる。Ti、Sb、Sr、Clの合計含有量は、重量%で、0.10~10.00%であることが好ましい。Ti、Sb、Sr、Clの合計含有量がMgOの重量に対して、0.10%未満では磁気特性の改善効果が十分に得られない場合がある。一方、Ti、Sb、Sr、Clの合計含有量が10.00%超の場合には、十分な一次被膜量が形成されず、磁気特性改善に有効な被膜張力が確保できず、鉄損が劣位となるおそれがある。
なお、焼鈍分離剤中におけるTi、Sb、SrおよびClの存在形態(すなわち添加手段)は、化合物として存在していてもよく、単体で存在していてもよい。例えば、焼鈍分離剤中にTiを含有させる場合、Ti単体として含有されてもよく、Ti酸化物(例えば、TiO2)として含有されてもよい。
絶縁被膜形成工程(ステップS111)では、仕上げ焼鈍鋼板の表面(片面又は両面)に絶縁被膜(張力付与絶縁被膜)を形成する。絶縁被膜の形成の条件については、特に限定されるものではなく、公知の絶縁被膜処理液を用いて、公知の方法により処理液の塗布及び乾燥を行えばよい。鋼板表面に絶縁被膜を形成することで、方向性電磁鋼板の磁気特性を更に向上させることが可能となる。
本実施形態に係る方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法では、絶縁被膜形成工程の後に、磁区細分化工程を備えてもよい。
磁区細分化工程では、レーザビームや電子ビームなどのエネルギ線を絶縁被膜の表面に、圧延方向に所定の間隔で照射することにより、複数の線状の歪(エネルギ線照射による急速加熱とその後の急速冷却によって生じる熱歪)を導入する。複数の線状の歪を形成する間隔(すなわち、隣り合う歪の間隔)は、圧延方向に3.0~9.0mmとすることが好ましい。エネルギ線としては、レーザビーム及び電子ビームが挙げられる。レーザビームは、連続波レーザでもパルスレーザでもよい。レーザビームの種類は例えば、ファイバーレーザ、YAGレーザ、又はCO2レーザを挙げることができる。電子ビームは、連続ビームでも断続ビームでもよい。
具体的には、スラブを、1100~1380℃の温度に加熱した後、熱間圧延し、これにより、板厚が2.3mmの熱延鋼板を作製した。
次いで、得られた熱延鋼板に対して熱延板焼鈍を実施した。具体的には、熱延鋼板を焼鈍温度1100℃、保持時間20秒の条件で焼鈍した。
次いで、熱延焼鈍後の熱延鋼板(熱延板焼鈍鋼板)に対して酸洗等により表面スケールを除去した後に、中間焼鈍を含まない、複数パスを含む冷間圧延を行って、板厚が0.16~0.23mmの冷延鋼板を作製した。
試験No.No.1、2、9、10、14、15についてはさらに窒素量を200ppmに高める窒化処理を施した。
得られた鋼板サンプルを、板幅方向に対して平行に60mm、圧延方向に対して平行に300mmのサイズで切り出し、これらのサンプルを800±50℃で2時間保持し、歪取り焼鈍を実施した。その後、レーザ照射により磁区細分化を行った。
0.70以上0.75未満:B評価
0.75以上0.80未満:C評価
0.80以上 :D評価
前述の磁区制御を施した幅60mm×長さ300mmのサンプルに対し、磁歪測定装置を用いて、交流磁歪測定法により磁歪を測定した。磁歪測定装置は、レーザードップラ振動計と、励磁コイルと、励磁電源と、磁束検出コイルと、増幅器と、オシロスコープとを備える装置とした。
ここで、ρcは固有音響抵抗であり、ρc=400とした。Pe0は最小可聴音圧であり、Pe0=2×10-5(Pa)を用いた。A補正係数αnは、JIS C 1509-1(2005)の表2に記載の値を用いた。
磁歪速度レベルが、60.0dBA以下であれば、「騒音特性に優れる」と判断した(C評価)。57.5dBA以下であれば更に優れる(B評価)、55.0dBA以下であれば特に優れる(A評価)と判断した。磁歪速度レベルが60.0dBA超の場合、「騒音特性が不十分(D評価)」であると判定した。
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、
C:0~0.010%、
Si:3.00~4.00%、
Sol.Al:0~0.010%、
Mn:0.01~0.50%、
N :0.010%以下、
S+Se:0.0100%以下、
P :0.005~0.100%、
Sn:0~0.50%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Sb:0~0.20%、
Mo:0~0.10%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
Nb:0~0.0200%、
B :0~0.0200%、
Ti:0~0.0200%
Bi:0~0.0200%
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなる化学組成を有する母材鋼板と、
前記母材鋼板の表面に設けられたグラス被膜と、
前記グラス被膜の表面に設けられた張力付与性絶縁被膜と、
を備え、
前記母材鋼板は、Goss方位に配向する集合組織を有し、
前記母材鋼板において、
圧延面法線方向NDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をα(°)と定義し、
圧延直角方向TDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をβ(°)と定義し、
圧延方向RDを回転軸とする理想Goss方位からの平均分散角をγ(°)と定義するとき、
前記α、前記β、前記γが、下記式(1)を満足する、
ことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。
0.0≦|β|<2.5<|α|<4.0≦|γ|≦10.0 ・・・(1) - 前記βが下記式(2)を満足する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
0.0≦|β|≦2.0 ・・・(2) - 前記母材鋼板の板厚が、0.16mm以上0.20mm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 質量%で、
C:0.020~0.150%、
Si:3.00~4.00%、
Sol.Al:0.010~0.050%、
Mn:0.01~0.50%、
N:0.001~0.020%、
S+Se:0.0010~0.0400%、
P :0.005~0.100%、
Sn:0~0.50%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Cr:0~0.50%、
Sb:0~0.20%、
Mo:0~0.10%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
Nb:0~0.0200%、
B :0~0.0200%、
Ti:0~0.0200%、
Bi:0~0.0200%
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなる鋼片を加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程後の前記鋼片を熱間圧延することで熱延鋼板を得る熱間圧延工程と、
前記熱延鋼板を焼鈍することで、熱延焼鈍鋼板を得る熱延板焼鈍工程と、
前記熱延焼鈍鋼板を冷間圧延することで冷延鋼板を得る冷間圧延工程と、
前記冷延鋼板に脱炭焼鈍を施すことで、脱炭焼鈍鋼板を得る脱炭焼鈍工程と、
前記脱炭焼鈍鋼板に焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後に、仕上げ焼鈍を施すことで、仕上げ焼鈍鋼板を得る仕上げ焼鈍工程と、
前記仕上げ焼鈍鋼板の表面に絶縁被膜を形成する絶縁被膜形成工程と、
を含み、
前記脱炭焼鈍工程は、昇温工程と、均熱工程と、を含み、
前記昇温工程においては、
550~800℃の温度域における平均昇温速度を400℃/秒以上3000℃/秒以下とし、
最高加熱温度T1(℃)を850℃以上950℃以下とし、
800~前記最高加熱温度T1(℃)の温度域の平均昇温速度を100℃/秒以上1500℃/秒以下とし、
800~前記最高加熱温度T1(℃)の温度域の雰囲気の露点を0℃以下とする、ことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記焼鈍分離剤は、主成分としてMgOを含み、
前記焼鈍分離剤の中に、Ti、Sb、Sr、Clから選ばれる1種以上を、MgOの重量に対して、0.10~10.00%を含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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| JPH08213225A (ja) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-08-20 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 磁束密度が高くかつ鉄損の低い一方向性電磁鋼板 |
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| KR20130014891A (ko) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-12 | 주식회사 포스코 | 자성이 우수한 방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법 |
| WO2018056379A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2019245044A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-26 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 磁気特性が優れた方向性電磁鋼板 |
| JP2022161269A (ja) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-10-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
| JP2022182571A (ja) | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-08 | 井関農機株式会社 | 乗用田植機 |
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| WO2026042449A1 (ja) * | 2024-08-23 | 2026-02-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 |
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| EP4621089A4 (en) | 2026-03-11 |
| EP4621089A1 (en) | 2025-09-24 |
| CN120265808A (zh) | 2025-07-04 |
| JPWO2024106462A1 (ja) | 2024-05-23 |
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