WO2024106499A1 - 回収システム及び回収方法 - Google Patents
回収システム及び回収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024106499A1 WO2024106499A1 PCT/JP2023/041234 JP2023041234W WO2024106499A1 WO 2024106499 A1 WO2024106499 A1 WO 2024106499A1 JP 2023041234 W JP2023041234 W JP 2023041234W WO 2024106499 A1 WO2024106499 A1 WO 2024106499A1
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- Prior art keywords
- spacecraft
- unmanned aerial
- recovery
- rope
- aerial vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D5/00—Aircraft transported by aircraft, e.g. for release or reberthing during flight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/002—Launch systems
- B64G1/006—Reusable launch rockets or boosters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/62—Systems for re-entry into the earth's atmosphere; Retarding or landing devices
- B64G1/625—Landing devices; Undercarriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G5/00—Ground equipment for vehicles, e.g. starting towers, fuelling arrangements
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a collection system and a collection method.
- Patent Document 1 The rocket recovery method described in Patent Document 1 is a highly challenging operation that requires the use of a helicopter.
- Other recovery methods involve the detached rocket generating thrust at the time of landing, causing the vehicle to descend while controlling its position and attitude, and then deploying legs from the rear of the vehicle to land vertically.
- providing legs and a deployment mechanism for the rocket to land results in increased weight and reduced rocket performance.
- the rocket's descent speed slows, making attitude control difficult and making a safe landing difficult.
- the objective of this disclosure is to provide a recovery system and recovery method that can ensure a safe landing while minimizing any degradation in the rocket's capabilities.
- the recovery system disclosed herein is a recovery system that recovers a spacecraft that descends while generating thrust when it lands, and includes a number of rope-like members that are connected to the spacecraft and extend outward when the spacecraft descends, a number of unmanned aerial vehicles that fly by respectively capturing the rope-like members, and a recovery structure that is provided at the landing point of the spacecraft and supports the spacecraft in a suspended state by engaging the rope-like members that have been released from the unmanned aerial vehicles, and executes the steps of the unmanned aerial vehicles engaging the captured rope-like members to the recovery structure when the spacecraft descends, the unmanned aerial vehicles releasing the rope-like members, and the recovery structure supporting the spacecraft in a suspended state after the thrust of the spacecraft stops.
- the recovery method disclosed herein is a recovery method executed by a recovery system that recovers a spacecraft that descends while generating thrust at the time of landing, the recovery system comprising: a plurality of rope-like members that are connected to the spacecraft and extend outwardly of the spacecraft when the spacecraft descends; a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles that fly by capturing the respective rope-like members; and a recovery structure that is provided at the landing point of the spacecraft and supports the spacecraft in a suspended state by engaging the plurality of rope-like members that have been released from the unmanned aerial vehicles; and executes the steps of: when the spacecraft descends, the plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles cause the captured plurality of rope-like members to be engaged with the recovery structure; releasing the rope-like members from the plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles; and, after the thrust of the spacecraft stops, supporting the spacecraft in a suspended state by the recovery structure.
- This disclosure allows the rocket to land safely while minimizing any degradation in its capabilities.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a recovery system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the collection system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the wire and its surroundings installed in the rocket.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the collection structure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a wire trap.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram regarding the operation of the wire trap.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a wire stopper.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the state when the wire trap and the wire stopper are engaged with each other.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram regarding position control of the rocket and the ship.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart relating to the first position control.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart relating to the first position control.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart relating to the second position control.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram regarding the operation of an example of the collection system.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram regarding group control of unmanned aerial vehicles.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram regarding the operation of an example of the collection system.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the rocket after recovery.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram regarding the operation of the collection system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a recovery system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the recovery system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the wire surroundings provided on the rocket.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a recovery structure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a wire trap.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wire trap.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a wire stopper.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the wire trap and the wire stopper when they are engaged.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the position control of the rocket and the ship.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the first position control.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the first position control.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the second position control.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of an example of the recovery system.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the group control of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of an example of the recovery system.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the rocket after recovery.
- the recovery system 1 of the first embodiment is a system for recovering a spacecraft such as a rocket.
- a thrust is generated from the rear of the vehicle to slow down the descent speed.
- the recovery system 1 is applied to a first stage rocket after separation as the spacecraft.
- the recovery system 1 of the first embodiment uses an unmanned aerial vehicle 8 to recover a descending rocket 3 while it is suspended from a recovery structure 50 provided on a ship 5.
- the recovery system 1 is mounted on both the rocket 3 and the ship 5, and includes the unmanned aerial vehicle 8.
- the recovery system 1 also enables two-way communication between the rocket 3, the ship 5, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 via a communication network 9, such as wireless communication.
- the rocket 3 is equipped with a navigation device 20, an altitude sensor 25, a control unit 30, a wire (cord-like member) 35, and a wire launching unit 40.
- the ship 5 is equipped with a recovery structure 50, a control unit 60, and a navigation device 70.
- the recovery system 1 includes the wire 35 and the wire launching unit 40 in the rocket 3, the recovery structure 50 in the ship 5, and the unmanned aerial vehicle 8.
- the rocket 3 is equipped with the navigation device 20, the altitude sensor 25, the control unit 30, the wire (cord-like member) 35, and the wire launching unit 40.
- the navigation device 20 is, for example, an inertial navigation system (INS), and acquires the attitude angles of the rocket 3 in the roll, yaw and pitch directions, the rocket 3's airframe speed, inertial speed, airframe acceleration, heading direction and position coordinates in the Earth coordinate system.
- INS inertial navigation system
- the navigation device 20 is described as being applied to an inertial navigation system, but is not particularly limited to this, and any navigation device 20 may be used.
- the navigation device 20 is an inertial navigation system including a GPS (Global Positioning System) in order to improve the accuracy of position measurement.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- the navigation device 20 is described as being applied to an inertial navigation system including a GPS, but is not particularly limited to a GPS, and any device that can measure position with high accuracy may be used.
- the navigation device 20 may also have an attitude angle sensor that detects the attitude angle of the rocket 3, a speed sensor that detects the vehicle speed of the rocket 3, an acceleration sensor that detects the vehicle acceleration of the rocket 3, and a sensor that detects the heading direction of the rocket 3.
- the altitude sensor 25 is equipped with an altitude sensor 25 that detects the altitude of the rocket 3 from the landing surface or water surface.
- the altitude sensor 25 is, for example, a laser altimeter, and measures the relative altitude from the rocket 3 to the landing point. Note that the altitude sensor 25 may be a radio altimeter or a barometric altimeter, or any other altimeter.
- the altitude sensor 25 outputs the detected relative altitude of the rocket 3 to the control unit 30.
- the control unit 30 includes an integrated circuit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the control unit 30 controls the attitude and thrust of the rocket 3 when the rocket 3 descends, and executes the ejection of the wire 35 (described later) when the rocket 3 descends.
- the wire 35 is captured by the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 when the rocket 3 descends. As shown in FIG. 3, one end of the wire 35 is connected to a hard point provided on the upper part of the rocket 3. As shown in FIG. 13, a plurality of wires 35 (for example, 10 wires) are provided on the hard point, and are provided at a predetermined interval along the circumference of the body of the rocket 3.
- the wire 35 is provided with a captured member 36 that is captured by the unmanned aerial vehicle 8.
- the captured member 36 is, for example, ring-shaped.
- the shape of the captured member 36 is not particularly limited, and may be any shape as long as it can be captured by the unmanned aerial vehicle 8. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG.
- the wire 35 is provided with a locking member 37 that is locked to a wire trap 52 described later.
- the locking member 37 may be a disk-shaped locking member 37a centered on the longitudinal direction of the wire 35, or a shaft-shaped locking member 37b that is provided perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wire 35.
- the wire launching unit 40 launches the wire 35 when the rocket 3 descends.
- the wire launching unit 40 includes a drag chute 41.
- the drag chute 41 is connected to the other end of the wire 35, and provides air resistance so that tension is applied to the wire 35 when the rocket 3 descends.
- the wire launching unit 40 is connected to the control unit 30, which controls the wire launching unit 40 to deploy the drag chute 41 at a predetermined timing. Note that, although the drag chute 41 is provided in the first embodiment, a parachute or a balloon may be provided instead of the drag chute 41.
- the vessel 5 includes the recovery structure 50, the control unit 60, and the navigation device 70.
- the navigation device 70 is, for example, an inertial navigation system (INS), and acquires the pitch and roll attitude angles of the ship 5, bow direction, speed, acceleration, and position coordinates in the Earth coordinate system.
- INS inertial navigation system
- the navigation device 70 is described as being applied to an inertial navigation system, but is not particularly limited to this, and any navigation device 70 may be used.
- the navigation device 70 is an inertial navigation system that includes a GPS (Global Positioning System) in order to improve the accuracy of position measurement.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- the navigation device 70 is described as being applied to an inertial navigation system that includes a GPS, but is not particularly limited to a GPS, and any device that can measure position with high accuracy may be used.
- the control unit 60 includes an integrated circuit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Based on input data, the control unit 60 moves the ship 5 to a predetermined position and communicates information with the unmanned aerial vehicle 8.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- the recovery structure 50 is provided on the ship 5, and the rocket 3 lands on the ship, using the recovery structure 50 as a landing point.
- the recovery structure 50 is provided on the ship 5, but it may be provided on land or at an offshore facility, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a location where the rocket 3 can be recovered.
- the recovery structure 50 includes a main body 51, a wire trap 52, and an engagement detection sensor 53.
- the main body 51 is mounted on the ship 5 and is at a height that allows the rocket 3 to be suspended from it.
- the main body 51 includes a ring portion 51a provided at the top in the vertical direction, and multiple fixed legs 51b that extend vertically downward from the ring portion 51a and are fixed to the ship 5.
- the space at the center of the ring portion 51a has a larger diameter than the body of the rocket 3, and is large enough to accommodate the descending rocket 3.
- the multiple fixed legs 51b are arranged at predetermined intervals around the circumference of the ring portion 51a.
- the wire traps 52 are provided on the annular portion 51a of the main body 51 and are arranged in a line in the circumferential direction.
- the wire traps 52 are composed of a trap body 55, a movable door 56, and a spring-loaded hinge 57.
- the trap body 55 is provided extending upward in the vertical direction, with the base end side on the lower side connected to the annular portion 51a, and a guide portion 55a formed on the tip side on the upper side.
- the trap body 55 forms a storage space for storing the wire 35 between adjacent trap bodies 55. This storage space is large enough to store the wire 35 and is large enough to be engaged by the locking member 37 provided on the wire 35.
- the guide portion 55a is formed in a tapered shape that tapers from the base end side to the tip side.
- the guide portion 55a moves the wire 35 entering from the tip side along the surface, guiding the wire 35 into the storage space formed between adjacent trap bodies 55.
- the base end of the guide portion 55a functions as a stopper that restricts the movable door 56, which will be described later, to a closed position.
- the movable door 56 opens and closes an opening that is connected to the storage space formed between the guide portions 55a.
- the spring hinge 57 connects the movable door 56 to the guide portions 55a of the trap body 55 so that the movable door 56 can be opened and closed, and biases the movable door 56 to the closed side. As shown in FIG.
- the spring hinge 57 moves the movable door 56 to the open side so as to allow the wire 35 to enter through the opening between the guide portions 55a.
- the spring hinge 57 moves the movable door 56 to the closed side so that the wire 35 stored in the storage space does not come off. At this time, the movable door 56 is restricted to the closed position by the guide portions 55a of the trap body 55.
- the locking detection sensor 53 is a sensor that detects the locking of the wire 35 to the recovery structure 50.
- the wire 35 housed inside the trap body 55 of the wire trap 52 is pulled downward in the longitudinal direction by the descent of the rocket 3.
- the locking member 37 provided on the wire 35 is caught on the trap body 55, and the wire 35 is locked to the wire trap 52.
- the locking detection sensor 53 detects that the wire 35 is locked to the wire trap 52.
- the locking detection sensor 53 may detect, for example, contact between the locking member 37 and the trap body 55, or may detect the locked state of the wire 35 and the wire trap 52 by image recognition.
- the locking detection sensor 53 is connected to the control unit 60, and outputs the locked state of the wire 35 and the wire trap 52 to the control unit 60.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 is an unmanned flying object such as a rotorcraft (e.g., a helicopter, a drone, etc.).
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 may be any flying object capable of moving forward, backward, sideways, turning, and hovering.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 constitutes a part of the recovery system 1.
- Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 are provided according to the number of wires 35.
- the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 are placed on the ship 5.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 has a control unit 80, a wire capturing unit 85, and a capture detection sensor 90.
- the control unit 80 includes an integrated circuit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- the control unit 80 controls the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 and controls the capturing operation of the wire 35 by the wire capturing unit 85.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- the wire capturing unit 85 is a mechanism capable of performing a capturing operation on the captured member 36 attached to the wire 35, and for example, an arm is used. By capturing the captured member 36, the wire capturing unit 85 is able to perform the towing movement of the wire 35 by the unmanned aerial vehicle 8. In addition, by releasing the capture of the captured member 36, the wire capturing unit 85 is able to perform the movement of the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 away from the wire 35.
- the capture detection sensor 90 is a sensor that detects the presence or absence of the wire 35 (captured member 36) by the wire capturing portion 85.
- the capture detection sensor 90 may, for example, detect contact between the wire capturing portion 85 and the captured member 36, or may detect the capture state between the wire capturing portion 85 and the captured member 36 by image recognition.
- the capture detection sensor 90 is connected to the control portion 80, and outputs the capture state between the wire capturing portion 85 and the captured member 36 to the control portion 80.
- the position control of the rocket 3 and the ship 5 when the rocket 3 lands on the ship 5 will be described.
- the rocket 3 and the ship 5 switch from the first position control to the second position control when the rocket 3 descends.
- the switching between the first position control and the second position control is performed based on the relative position measured by the altitude sensor 25.
- the altitude at which the first position control is switched to the second position control when the rocket 3 descends is set to the first altitude threshold value H1. Therefore, the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 and the control unit 60 of the ship 5 switch from the first position control to the second position control when the relative altitude reaches the first altitude threshold value H1 by the altitude sensor 25.
- the control unit 60 of the ship 5 acquires the relative altitude of the altitude sensor 25 input from the rocket 3 via the communication network 9.
- the positions of the rocket 3 and the ship 5 are each controlled based on absolute coordinates in the Earth coordinate system.
- the first position control sets a specified area directly above the landing point as the target area, and the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 executes position control so that the rocket 3 is located in the target area.
- the first position control sets a specified area on the ocean as the target area, and the control unit 60 of the ship 5 executes position control so that the ship 5 is located in the target area.
- the first position control will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 10.
- the first position control shown in FIG. 10 is executed in each of the rocket 3 and the ship 5.
- the control units 30 and 60 acquire the current absolute coordinates of the rocket 3 and the ship in the Earth coordinate system using the navigation devices 20 and 70 (step S11).
- the control units 30 and 60 determine whether the acquired current absolute coordinates are in the target area set in the Earth coordinate system (step S12). If the acquired current absolute coordinates are not in the target area (step S12: No), the control units 30 and 60 correct the positions of the rocket 3 and the ship so that they are located in the target area (step S13).
- step S13 the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 corrects the position by controlling the rocket 3, and the control unit 60 of the ship 5 corrects the position by controlling the movement of the ship 5.
- step S12 if the acquired current absolute coordinates are the target area (step S12: Yes), the control units 30 and 60 determine whether or not there is a switch in position control (step S14).
- step S14 the control units 30 and 60 determine whether or not there is a switch in position control based on whether or not the relative altitude has reached the first altitude threshold H1. If the control units 30 and 60 determine that there is a switch in position control (step S14: Yes), they end the execution of the first position control. On the other hand, if the control units 30 and 60 determine that there is no switch in position control (step S14: No), they proceed again to step S11.
- the position of the rocket 3 is controlled based on the relative position, which is the relative position between the rocket 3 and the landing point (on the ship 5).
- the operation of the rocket 3 at the time of landing is controlled based on the relative speed, which is the relative speed between the rocket 3 and the landing point (on the ship 5).
- position control is performed so that the relative position and relative speed become target values.
- the second position control will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 11.
- the second position control shown in FIG. 11 is executed in the rocket 3.
- the control unit 30 acquires the relative position and relative velocity by the navigation device 20 and the altitude sensor 25 (step S21).
- the control unit 30 judges whether the acquired relative position and relative velocity are the target values set in advance (step S22). If the acquired relative position and relative velocity are not the target values (step S22: No), the control unit 30 corrects the position and the vehicle descent speed of the rocket 3 so that they become the target values (step S23).
- step S23 the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 executes vehicle control and thrust control of the rocket 3 to correct the position and the vehicle descent speed. After executing step S23, the control unit 30 proceeds to step S21 again.
- step S22 if the acquired relative position and relative velocity are the target values (step S22: Yes), the control unit 30 judges whether the rocket 3 has landed (step S24).
- the landing of the rocket 3 means that the rocket 3 is suspended from the recovery structure 50. The landing of the rocket 3 may be determined, for example, based on whether the thrust of the rocket 3 has stopped.
- step S24 if the control unit 30 determines that the rocket 3 has landed (step S24: Yes), it ends the execution of the second position control. On the other hand, if the control unit 30 determines that the rocket 3 has not landed (step S24: No), it proceeds to step S21 again.
- step S31 of ejecting the multiple wires 35 and then causing the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 to take off.
- the recovery system 1 executes step S32 of catching the ejected multiple wires 35 by the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 that have taken off.
- step S33 of locking the caught multiple wires 35 to the recovery structure 50 by the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 is executed.
- step S34 of releasing the capture of the multiple wires 35 by the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 is executed.
- step S35 of suspending and supporting the rocket 3 by the recovery structure 50 is executed after the thrust of the rocket 3 is stopped.
- step S31 when the altitude acquired by the altitude sensor 25 reaches the second altitude threshold H2, which is lower than the first altitude threshold H1, the wire ejection unit 40 ejects the multiple wires 35.
- the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 controls the wire ejection unit 40 to eject the drag chute 41 of the wire ejection unit 40, thereby drawing out the wires 35 to the outside of the rocket 3.
- the drawn out multiple wires 35 extend toward the outside of the rocket 3.
- step S31 when the altitude acquired by the altitude sensor 25 reaches the third altitude threshold H3, which is lower than the second altitude threshold H2, the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 outputs information on the altitude at which the third altitude threshold H3 is reached to the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8.
- the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 acquire information on the altitude at which the third altitude threshold H3 is reached, they take off from the ship 5.
- step S32 the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 that have taken off from the ship 5 capture the multiple wires 35 that have been released. Specifically, in step S32, the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 fly toward the capture member 36 attached to the wire 35. At this time, the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 recognize the capture member 36 by image recognition of an image captured by a camera (not shown), and fly toward the capture member 36. The unmanned aerial vehicles 8 are also capable of identifying the capture member 36, and fly toward the specific capture member 36 associated with the unmanned aerial vehicles 8. The unmanned aerial vehicles 8 can identify the capture member 36, for example, by providing a small transponder on the capture member 36. The unmanned aerial vehicles 8 capture the specific capture member 36 associated with them by performing a capture operation using the wire capture unit 85 while performing a collision avoidance operation.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 detects whether or not the capture target member 36 has been captured by the capture detection sensor 90.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 detects that the capture has been performed by the capture detection sensor 90, it outputs a capture success signal D1, which is information that the capture has been successful, to the control unit 60 of the ship 5 via the communication network 9.
- a capture failure signal D2 which is information that the capture has failed, to the control unit 60 of the ship 5 via the communication network 9.
- the control unit 60 of the ship 5 Based on the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 that has been detected as having been captured, the control unit 60 of the ship 5 performs a position correction so that the support load of the rocket 3 on the recovery structure 50 is balanced, and outputs a position correction signal D3 to the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 so that the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 is positioned after the position correction.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8a that has been successfully captured moves to the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle 8b that has been unsuccessfully captured.
- the positions may be corrected so that the successfully captured unmanned aerial vehicles 8a are spaced at equal intervals. In other words, there are no particular limitations to the position correction, so long as it balances the support load of the rocket 3 against the recovery structure 50.
- step S33 the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 that has captured the wire 35 moves so as to engage the wire 35 with the recovery structure 50.
- the control unit 30 of the rocket 3 outputs information on the altitude at which the fourth altitude threshold H4 is reached to the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8.
- the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 acquire information on the altitude at which the fourth altitude threshold H4 is reached, they deploy outside the annular portion 51a of the recovery structure 50 and then move to a position below the annular portion 51a. With this movement, the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 store the wire 35 within the storage space between the trap bodies 55, and the locking member 37 locks the wire 35 to the wire trap 52.
- step S34 the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 release the multiple wires 35 that they have captured.
- the ship 5 detects whether the locking member 37 is locked to the wire trap 52 using the locking detection sensor 53.
- locking success information which is information that the locking was successful, to the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 via the communication network 9.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 releases the wire 35 from the wire capturing section 85 and moves away from the recovery structure 50.
- step S35 the thrust of the rocket 3 is stopped, and the rocket 3 is supported in a state suspended from the recovery structure 50 via the wire 35.
- step S35 the method for recovering the rocket 3 using the recovery system 1 is completed.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram regarding the operation of the collection system according to the second embodiment.
- the recovery system 100 of the second embodiment is placed inside the rocket 3 with multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 attached to the wires 35.
- the recovery system 100 is provided inside the rocket 3, and a mounting stand 101 is provided on which multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 are placed.
- step S41 is executed in which the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 fly toward the outside of the rocket 3.
- step S41 is executed instead of step S31 of embodiment 1.
- step S32 of embodiment 1 is omitted, and step S33 and subsequent steps are the same as embodiment 1.
- the recovery system 1 is a recovery system 1 for recovering a spacecraft (rocket 3) that generates thrust when it lands and descends, and includes a number of rope-like members (wires 35) that are connected to the spacecraft and extend outward when the spacecraft descends, a number of unmanned aerial vehicles 8 that fly by capturing the rope-like members, and a recovery structure 50 that is provided at the landing point of the spacecraft and supports the spacecraft in a suspended state by engaging the rope-like members that have been released from the unmanned aerial vehicles 8.
- the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 perform step S33 in which the captured rope-like members are engaged with the recovery structure 50, the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 release the rope-like members from their grip, and step S35 in which the recovery structure 50 supports the spacecraft in a suspended state after the thrust of the spacecraft stops.
- the spacecraft does not need to be provided with legs and a deployment mechanism as in the past, and therefore the deterioration of the spacecraft's capabilities can be suppressed.
- the spacecraft can be secured to the recovery structure 50 via a rope-like member, so the landing position of the spacecraft can be stabilized, enabling a safe landing.
- the recovery system 1 further includes an ejection unit (wire ejection unit 40) that ejects the multiple cord-like members toward the outside of the aircraft when the aircraft descends, and the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 are positioned outside the spacecraft, and step S32 is further executed in which the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8 capture the multiple cord-like members ejected by the ejection unit when the aircraft descends.
- an ejection unit wire ejection unit 40
- the ejection section includes a drag chute 41, a parachute, or a balloon disposed at the outer end of the cord-like member.
- the position control for landing the spacecraft at a predetermined landing point includes a first position control for controlling the position of the spacecraft based on absolute coordinates in the Earth coordinate system, and a second position control for controlling the position of the spacecraft based on a relative position that is the relative position between the spacecraft and the landing point, and the altitude at which the first position control is switched to the second position control during the vehicle descent is set to a first altitude threshold value H1, and the ejection unit ejects the multiple cord-like members when the altitude reaches a second altitude threshold value H2, which is an altitude lower than the first altitude threshold value.
- This configuration allows the timing of the ejection of multiple rope-like members to be set appropriately, ensuring an appropriate amount of time for the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 to capture the rope-like members.
- the spacecraft has an altimeter (altitude sensor 25) that measures altitude, and outputs the altitude measured by the altimeter to the multiple unmanned aerial vehicles 8.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 can perform operations based on the altitude of the spacecraft, making it possible to perform operations in coordination with the spacecraft.
- the recovery system 1 further includes a locking detection sensor 53 that detects the locking of the rope-like member to the recovery structure 50, and when the locking detection sensor 53 detects that the rope-like member has been locked to the recovery structure 50, the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 releases the rope-like member from its grip.
- the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 can be released after detecting that the rope-like member has been engaged with the recovery structure 50, thereby increasing the reliability of the rope-like member being engaged with the recovery structure 50.
- the recovery system 1 according to any one of the first to sixth aspects further includes a capture detection sensor 90 that detects whether the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 has captured the rope-like member, and the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 that have been detected as captured by the capture detection sensor 90 are corrected in position so that the support load of the spacecraft on the recovery structure 50 is balanced, and the rope-like member is engaged with the recovery structure 50.
- a capture detection sensor 90 that detects whether the unmanned aerial vehicle 8 has captured the rope-like member, and the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 that have been detected as captured by the capture detection sensor 90 are corrected in position so that the support load of the spacecraft on the recovery structure 50 is balanced, and the rope-like member is engaged with the recovery structure 50.
- This configuration makes it possible to suppress bias in the support load of the spacecraft relative to the recovery structure 50.
- the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 are placed inside the spacecraft with the rope-like member attached, and step S41 is further executed in which the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 fly toward the outside of the spacecraft when the vehicle descends.
- the recovery method according to the ninth aspect is a recovery method performed by a recovery system 1 that recovers a spacecraft (rocket 3) that descends while generating thrust when it lands.
- the recovery system 1 includes a plurality of rope-like members (wires 35) that are connected to the spacecraft and extend outward when the spacecraft descends, a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles 8 that fly by capturing the rope-like members, and a recovery structure 50 that is provided at the landing point of the spacecraft and supports the spacecraft in a suspended state by engaging the rope-like members that have been released from the unmanned aerial vehicles 8.
- the recovery system 1 executes step S33 of engaging the captured rope-like members to the recovery structure 50 by the unmanned aerial vehicles 8 when the spacecraft descends, step S34 of releasing the rope-like members from the unmanned aerial vehicles 8, and step S35 of supporting the spacecraft in a suspended state by the recovery structure 50 after the thrust of the spacecraft stops.
- the spacecraft does not need to be provided with legs and a deployment mechanism as in the past, and therefore the deterioration of the spacecraft's capabilities can be suppressed.
- the spacecraft can be secured to the recovery structure 50 via a rope-like member, so the landing position of the spacecraft can be stabilized, enabling a safe landing.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施形態1に係る回収システムの一例を示す概略構成図である。図2は、実施形態1に係る回収システムのブロック図である。図3は、ロケットに設けられるワイヤー周りを模式的に表した模式図である。図4は、回収構造体を模式的に表した模式図である。図5は、ワイヤートラップを模式的に表した模式図である。図6は、ワイヤートラップの動作に関する説明図である。図7は、ワイヤーストッパの一例を示す図である。図8は、ワイヤートラップとワイヤーストッパとの係止時に関する説明図である。図9は、ロケットと船舶との位置制御に関する説明図である。図10は、第1の位置制御に関するフローチャートである。図11は、第2の位置制御に関するフローチャートである。図12は、回収システムの一例の動作に関する説明図である。図13は、無人航空機の群制御に関する説明図である。図14は、回収システムの一例の動作に関する説明図である。図15は、回収後のロケットを示す説明図である。
実施形態1の回収システム1は、ロケット等の宇宙航行体を回収するシステムとなっている。ここで、宇宙航行体は、着地する際の機体降下時において、機体後方から推力を発生させながら、降下速度を減速させている。実施形態1では、宇宙航行体として、切り離し後の1段目のロケットに適用して説明する。
上記したように、ロケット3は、航法装置20と、高度センサ25と、制御部30と、ワイヤー(索状部材)35と、ワイヤー射出部40と、を備えている。
上記したように、船舶5は、回収構造体50と、制御部60と、航法装置70と、を備える。
図1及び図2に示すように、無人航空機8は、回転翼機としての無人の飛行体(例えばヘリコプタ、ドローン等)である。無人航空機8は、前進、後進、横進、旋回、ホバリングが可能な飛行体であればよい。無人航空機8は、回収システム1の一部を構成している。無人航空機8は、ワイヤー35の数に応じて複数設けられる。複数の無人航空機8は、船舶5上に配置される。無人航空機8は、制御部80と、ワイヤー捕縛部85と、捕縛検出センサ90とを有している。
次に、図12から図15を参照して、回収システム1によるロケット3の回収方法について説明する。先ず、回収システム1では、着地の際の機体降下時において、複数のワイヤー35を射出した後、複数の無人航空機8を離陸させるステップS31を実行する。この後、回収システム1では、離陸した複数の無人航空機8により、射出された複数のワイヤー35を捕縛するステップS32を実行する。次に、回収システム1では、複数の無人航空機8により、捕縛した複数のワイヤー35を回収構造体50に係止させるステップS33を実行する。続いて、回収システム1では、複数の無人航空機8による複数のワイヤー35の捕縛を解除するステップS34を実行する。そして、回収システム1では、ロケット3の推力停止後において、回収構造体50によりロケット3を吊り下げ支持するステップS35を実行する。
次に、図16を参照して、実施形態2について説明する。なお、実施形態2では、重複した記載を避けるべく、実施形態1と異なる部分について説明し、実施形態1と同様の構成である部分については、同じ符号を付して説明する。図16は、実施形態2に係る回収システムの動作に関する説明図である。
3 ロケット
5 船舶
8 無人航空機
9 通信ネットワーク
20 航法装置
25 高度センサ
30 制御部(ロケット)
35 ワイヤー
36 被捕縛部材
37 係止部材
40 ワイヤー射出部
41 ドラッグシュート
50 回収構造体
51 本体部
52 ワイヤートラップ
53 係止検出センサ
55 トラップ本体
56 可動扉
57 ばね付きヒンジ
60 制御部(船舶)
70 航法装置
80 制御部(無人航空機)
85 ワイヤー捕縛部
90 捕縛検出センサ
100 回収システム(実施形態2)
101 設置台
Claims (9)
- 着地時に推力を発生させながら、機体を降下させる宇宙航行体を回収する回収システムであって、
前記機体に接続され、機体降下時に前記機体の外側へ向かって延びる複数の索状部材と、
前記索状部材をそれぞれ捕縛して飛行する複数の無人航空機と、
前記宇宙航行体の着地点に設けられ、前記無人航空機において捕縛解除された複数の前記索状部材が係止されることで、前記宇宙航行体を吊り下げた状態で支持する回収構造体と、を備え、
機体降下時において、複数の前記無人航空機が、捕縛した複数の前記索状部材を前記回収構造体に係止させるステップと、
複数の前記無人航空機が、前記索状部材の捕縛を解除するステップと、
前記宇宙航行体の推力停止後において、前記回収構造体が、前記宇宙航行体を吊り下げ支持するステップと、を実行する回収システム。 - 機体降下時において、複数の前記索状部材を、前記機体の外側へ向かって射出する射出部を、さらに備え、
複数の前記無人航空機は、前記宇宙航行体の外側に配置され、
機体降下時において、前記射出部により射出された複数の前記索状部材を、複数の前記無人航空機が捕縛するステップを、さらに実行する請求項1に記載の回収システム。 - 前記射出部は、前記索状部材の外側の端部に配置されたドラッグシュート、パラシュートまたはバルーンを含む請求項2に記載の回収システム。
- 前記宇宙航行体を所定の着地点に着地させる位置制御として、地球座標系における絶対座標に基づいて前記宇宙航行体の位置を制御する第1の位置制御と、前記宇宙航行体と前記着地点との相対的な位置である相対位置に基づいて前記宇宙航行体の位置を制御する第2の位置制御と、を含み、
機体降下時において前記第1の位置制御から前記第2の位置制御に切り替える高度を、第1高度しきい値とし、
前記射出部は、前記第1高度しきい値よりも低い高度となる第2高度しきい値となると、複数の前記索状部材を射出する請求項2に記載の回収システム。 - 前記宇宙航行体は、高度を計測する高度計を有し、前記高度計によって計測された前記高度を、複数の前記無人航空機へ向けて出力する請求項4に記載の回収システム。
- 前記回収構造体への前記索状部材の係止を検出する係止検出センサを、さらに備え、
前記無人航空機は、前記係止検出センサにより前記回収構造体への前記索状部材の係止を検出すると、前記索状部材の捕縛を解除する請求項2に記載の回収システム。 - 前記無人航空機による前記索状部材の捕縛の有無を検出する捕縛検出センサを、さらに備え、
前記捕縛検出センサにより捕縛有りと検出された複数の前記無人航空機は、前記回収構造体に対する前記宇宙航行体の支持荷重がバランスするように位置補正して、前記索状部材を前記回収構造体に係止させる請求項1に記載の回収システム。 - 複数の前記無人航空機は、前記索状部材を捕縛した状態で、前記宇宙航行体の内側に配置され、
機体降下時において、複数の前記無人航空機が前記宇宙航行体の外側へ向かって飛行するステップを、さらに実行する請求項1に記載の回収システム。 - 着地時に推力を発生させながら、機体を降下させる宇宙航行体を回収する回収システムにより実行される回収方法であって、
前記回収システムは、
前記機体に接続され、機体降下時に前記機体の外側へ向かって延びる複数の索状部材と、
前記索状部材をそれぞれ捕縛して飛行する複数の無人航空機と、
前記宇宙航行体の着地点に設けられ、前記無人航空機において捕縛解除された複数の前記索状部材が係止されることで、前記宇宙航行体を吊り下げた状態で支持する回収構造体と、を備え、
機体降下時において、複数の前記無人航空機により、捕縛した複数の前記索状部材を前記回収構造体に係止させるステップと、
複数の前記無人航空機による前記索状部材の捕縛を解除するステップと、
前記宇宙航行体の推力停止後において、前記回収構造体により前記宇宙航行体を吊り下げ支持するステップと、を実行する回収方法。
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| US20060049316A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 | 2006-03-09 | Antonenko Sergey V | Operating method for launch rockets and a set of rocket boosters for carrying out said method |
| US20180044035A1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2018-02-15 | Advanced Aerospace Technologies, Inc. | Rocket landing system |
| CN109606748A (zh) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-04-12 | 北京蓝箭空间科技有限公司 | 火箭回收装置和液体火箭 |
| CN113353296A (zh) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 合肥宣洪科技有限公司 | 一种使用吊索回收火箭的方法 |
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| RU237232U1 (ru) * | 2024-11-01 | 2025-09-16 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Мурманский арктический университет" (ФГАОУ ВО "МАУ") | Корабельное средство запуска мультикоптеров |
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