WO2024106541A1 - 水溶性フィルム及びその製造方法、薬剤包装体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
水溶性フィルム及びその製造方法、薬剤包装体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024106541A1 WO2024106541A1 PCT/JP2023/041526 JP2023041526W WO2024106541A1 WO 2024106541 A1 WO2024106541 A1 WO 2024106541A1 JP 2023041526 W JP2023041526 W JP 2023041526W WO 2024106541 A1 WO2024106541 A1 WO 2024106541A1
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- water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/34—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C41/36—Feeding the material on to the mould, core or other substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
- C11D17/043—Liquid or thixotropic (gel) compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2403/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2403/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
- C08L2203/162—Applications used for films sealable films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/06—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features having improved processability or containing aids for moulding methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-soluble film containing pullulan. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water-soluble film containing pullulan and a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a pharmaceutical package using the same, and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 water-soluble films are known that use pullulan, a water-soluble polysaccharide, as a naturally derived raw material.
- Patent Document 1 describes a water-soluble film that contains pullulan and polyvinyl alcohol, and states that it has excellent printability and adhesiveness.
- Patent Document 2 describes a film that contains pullulan and a water-soluble polymer, and states that it can be used for edible purposes.
- pullulan may not be sufficiently compatible with other water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol resins, and the water-soluble films of Patent Documents 1 and 2 above have poor physical properties and appearance, and in particular for individual packaging applications such as food and medicine, which require excellent film formability, the mechanical properties such as strength and extensibility are insufficient, and further improvements are required to make the film stronger and more formable. In addition, because appearance is also important in individual packaging applications, further improvements are required.
- the present invention provides a water-soluble film and a manufacturing method thereof, and a pharmaceutical package and a manufacturing method thereof, which have sufficiently high compatibility between pullulan and polyvinyl alcohol resin, excellent water solubility, and excellent mechanical properties such as film strength and elongation, making them useful for packaging applications.
- the present inventors conducted extensive research and found that by using a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin modified with a hydrophilic group as the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin to be used in combination with pullulan, a water-soluble film having excellent compatibility, water solubility, and mechanical properties of the film can be obtained. Moreover, since the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is a biodegradable resin, it is possible to solve the above problems without significantly decreasing the biodegradability of the water-soluble film as a whole.
- a water-soluble film comprising pullulan and a modified polyvinyl alcohol resin modified with a hydrophilic group.
- the water-soluble film according to [1] or [2], wherein the content ratio (mass ratio) of the pullulan to the modified polyvinyl alcohol resin modified with a hydrophilic group is 1/99 to 99/1.
- [5] The water-soluble film according to [4], characterized in that the content ratio (mass ratio) of the pullulan and the modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin modified with a hydrophilic group is 5/95 to 80/20, and the content of the plasticizer is 5 to 60 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of the pullulan and the modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin modified with a hydrophilic group.
- the water-soluble film according to [7] comprising 2 to 60 parts by mass of the starch per 100 parts by mass of the pullulan.
- a pharmaceutical package comprising a package made of the water-soluble film according to [11] and a pharmaceutical packaged inside the package.
- the pharmaceutical package according to [14], wherein the pharmaceutical is a liquid detergent.
- a method for manufacturing a pharmaceutical package described in [14] or [15], comprising the steps of preparing a first water-soluble film, a second water-soluble film, and a pharmaceutical, opposing the first water-soluble film to the second water-soluble film, disposing the pharmaceutical between the first water-soluble film and the second water-soluble film, overlapping the first water-soluble film and the second water-soluble film to abut the first water-soluble film and the second water-soluble film around the pharmaceutical, and crimping the abutting portion.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention is excellent in compatibility, water solubility, and mechanical properties of the film, as well as in moldability and sealability. For this reason, it is suitable for individual packaging applications, and is particularly excellent as an individual package for medicines and foods.
- film includes “tape” and "sheet”.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention means a film that dissolves in water at about room temperature (20° C.).
- the dissolution of the film is judged as follows. That is, the film was cut into pieces measuring 3 cm x 5 cm, placed in a 1-liter beaker containing 1 liter of water and secured in place with a jig, and stirred with a stirrer (rotor length 3 cm, rotation speed 750 rpm) while maintaining the water temperature at 20°C. The film was deemed dissolved when no insoluble fine particles of the film with a diameter of 1 mm or more were observed.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention contains pullulan and a modified polyvinyl alcohol resin modified with a hydrophilic group.
- the drug package of the present invention comprises a package made of the water-soluble film and a drug contained in the package. These will be described below.
- polyvinyl alcohol may be abbreviated as "PVA.”
- Pullulan is a type of polysaccharide consisting of glucose alone, and has a structure in which maltotriose, which is made up of three glucose molecules linked together by ⁇ 1-4 bonds, is linked together by ⁇ 1-6 bonds. It is usually obtained by cultivating a microorganism (a type of filamentous fungus) in a medium containing starch syrup, and is easily soluble in water and has properties such as lubricity, adhesiveness, caking, adhesion, adhesion, film-forming, and moldability. There are also modified pullulans that have had functional groups introduced to give them additional properties.
- the pullulan content is preferably 3% by mass or more of the water-soluble film, more preferably 4% by mass or more, even more preferably 5% by mass or more, particularly preferably 8% by mass or more, and especially preferably 10% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, even more preferably 70% by mass or less, and especially preferably 60% by mass or less.
- hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin used in the present invention preferably has at least one hydrophilic group selected from the group consisting of anionic groups such as a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphate group, a pyrrolidone ring, and an amino group.
- anionic groups such as a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphate group, a pyrrolidone ring, and an amino group.
- the resin has an anionic group, and in particular, a carboxy group or a sulfonic acid group.
- the hydrophilic group also includes salts of the above-mentioned functional groups, such as sodium and potassium salts.
- hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin examples include anionic group-modified PVA-based resins such as carboxyl group-modified PVA-based resins, sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resins, and phosphoric acid group-modified PVA-based resins, pyrrolidone ring-modified PVA-based resins, and amino group-modified PVA-based resins.
- anionic group-modified PVA-based resins such as carboxyl group-modified PVA-based resins, sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resins, and phosphoric acid group-modified PVA-based resins, pyrrolidone ring-modified PVA-based resins, and amino group-modified PVA-based resins.
- the anionic group-modified PVA-based resin has an anionic group, and examples of the anionic group include a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphate group, etc. Among these, the anionic group is preferably a carboxy group or a sulfonic acid group in terms of excellent solubility in water and chemical resistance.
- the above-mentioned anionic group-modified PVA-based resin can be produced, for example, by saponifying a copolymer of a vinyl ester-based monomer and an anionic unsaturated monomer, or by post-modifying a PVA-based resin.
- Examples of the unsaturated monomer having an anionic group include a carboxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer, a sulfonic acid group or sulfonate group-containing unsaturated monomer, a phosphate group-containing unsaturated monomer, etc.
- carboxyl group-containing unsaturated monomer examples include carboxyl group-containing unsaturated compounds such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and the like, and compounds in which the carboxyl groups are totally or partially neutralized with a base such as an alkali compound (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), or monoalkyl esters of the above carboxyl group-containing unsaturated compounds such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, monomethyl fumarate, monomethyl maleate, etc., and dialkyl esters of the above carboxyl group-containing unsaturated compounds such as diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, etc. From the viewpoints of economy and practicality, the carbon number of these esters is usually 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, and particularly preferably 1 to 4. Among these, maleic acid compounds are preferred, with
- sulfonic acid group or sulfonate group-containing unsaturated monomers include olefin sulfonic acids or salts thereof, such as vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, and methallyl sulfonic acid; sulfoalkyl malates, such as sodium sulfopropyl-2-ethylhexyl maleate, sodium sulfopropyl-2-ethylhexyl maleate, sodium sulfopropyl tridecyl maleate, and sodium sulfopropyl eicosyl maleate; sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylamides, such as sodium sulfomethylacrylamide, sodium sulfo t-butylacrylamide, sodium sulfo S-butylacrylamide, and sodium sulfo t-butylmethacrylamide; and sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylates
- Examples of phosphoric acid group-containing unsaturated monomers include phosphonocarboxylic acid compounds or their alkali metal salts.
- any known polymerization method can be used, such as solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, etc., but it is usually carried out by a solution polymerization method using an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol as a solvent.
- the polymerization catalyst can be appropriately selected from known polymerization catalysts such as azo catalysts such as azobisisobutyronitrile, and peroxide catalysts such as acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and lauroyl peroxide, depending on the polymerization method, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the reaction temperature is selected from the range of 35°C to the boiling point of the solvent.
- Saponification can also be carried out by known methods, and is usually carried out by dissolving the obtained polymer in alcohol in the presence of a saponification catalyst.
- a saponification catalyst examples include methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the copolymer in the alcohol is selected from the range of 20 to 50 mass % in terms of solubility.
- an alkali catalyst such as an alkali metal hydroxide or alcoholate, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, or potassium methylate
- an acid catalyst can also be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the saponification catalyst used is preferably 1 to 100 millimole equivalents relative to the vinyl ester compound.
- the modification amount of the anionic group-modified PVA-based resin used in the present invention is preferably 1 to 15 mol%, more preferably 2 to 10 mol%, particularly preferably 2 to 8 mol%, and especially preferably 3 to 7 mol%. If the modification amount is too small, the solubility in water tends to decrease, while if it is too large, the productivity of the PVA-based resin tends to decrease, the biodegradability tends to decrease, and blocking tends to occur easily, resulting in reduced practicality.
- the viscosity of a 4% by weight aqueous solution of the anionic group-modified PVA-based resin used in the present invention at 20°C is preferably 5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 13 to 40 mPa ⁇ s, and particularly preferably 17 to 30 mPa ⁇ s. If the viscosity is too low, the mechanical strength of the water-soluble film tends to decrease, while if it is too high, the viscosity of the aqueous solution during film formation tends to increase, decreasing productivity.
- the average degree of saponification of the anionic group-modified PVA-based resin used in the present invention is preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly preferably 85 to 99.9 mol%, further preferably 88 to 99 mol%, and especially preferably 90 to 98 mol%. If the degree of saponification is too high, the solubility in water tends to decrease, and if it is too low, the solubility of the water-soluble film in water tends to decrease over time depending on the packaging material.
- the above hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resins can be used alone, or two or more types with different saponification degrees, viscosities, modified species, amounts of modification, etc. can be used in combination.
- the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin contains an anionic group-modified PVA-based resin from the viewpoint of compatibility with pullulan.
- carboxy group-modified PVA-based resins and sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resins are preferably used, and carboxy group-modified PVA is particularly preferably used.
- the average degree of saponification of the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin of the present invention is preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly preferably 82 to 99.9 mol%, further preferably 85 to 99 mol%, and particularly preferably 90 to 98 mol%. If the average degree of saponification is too low, the solubility of the film in water tends to decrease, and depending on the packaging agent, the solubility of the film tends to decrease over time. However, if the average degree of saponification is too high, the solubility in water tends to decrease.
- the viscosity of a 4% by weight aqueous solution of the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin used in the present invention at 20°C is preferably 5 to 60 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 10 to 45 mPa ⁇ s, and even more preferably 15 to 40 mPa ⁇ s. If the viscosity is too low, the mechanical strength of the water-soluble film tends to decrease, while if it is too high, the viscosity of the aqueous solution during film formation tends to increase, decreasing productivity.
- the content of the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin is preferably 10 to 90% by mass of the water-soluble film, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, and even more preferably 30 to 70% by mass.
- the content of the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin is within the above range, the mechanical properties of the film, in particular the elongation of the film, tend to be excellent.
- the content ratio (mass ratio) of pullulan to hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin is preferably from 1/99 to 99/1, particularly preferably from 5/95 to 80/20, further preferably from 10/90 to 60/40, and particularly preferably from 15/85 to 45/55. If the content of pullulan is too high, the compatibility with the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin tends to be poor, and the solubility of the film in water may decrease, and the mechanical properties such as the strength of the film may also decrease.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention can use PVA-based resins other than the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resins described above, as long as the object of the invention is not hindered.
- unmodified PVA can be used in combination to adjust the film properties such as sealing ability and viscoelasticity.
- the content ratio (mass ratio) of hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin/unmodified PVA is preferably 97/3 to 50/50, more preferably 95/5 to 70/30, and particularly preferably 93/7 to 85/15. If this content ratio is too high, the compatibility of the PVA-based resin with pullulan tends to decrease.
- ⁇ Plasticizer> in order to impart appropriate flexibility to the film, it is preferable to use a plasticizer in addition to pullulan and a hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin.
- the plasticizer may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds, but it is also preferable to use two or more kinds in combination in terms of the mechanical properties and moldability of the film.
- plasticizers include, for example, glycerols such as glycerin, diglycerin, and triglycerin; alkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol; and sugar alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, xylitol, and maltitol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, glycerin, diglycerin, and polyethylene glycol are preferred because they are easily available and can provide a plasticizing effect in small amounts, and sorbitol is preferred in terms of the stability of the package over time.
- glycerols such as glycerin, diglycerin, and triglycerin
- alkylene glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and dipropy
- the content of the plasticizer is preferably 5 to 60 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of pullulan and hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin, more preferably 10 to 55 parts by mass, particularly preferably 15 to 55 parts by mass, and even more preferably 18 to 50 parts by mass or 20 to 45 parts by mass. If the content of such plasticizer is too low, the plasticizing effect will be low and processability will decrease, and when used as a package, the toughness of the water-soluble film will tend to be impaired over time, while if the content is too high, the strength of the film will tend to decrease and blocking will tend to occur more easily.
- a filler may further be contained, if necessary.
- the filler is contained for the purpose of enhancing blocking resistance.
- a filler there is no particular limitation on such a filler, and either an organic filler or an inorganic filler may be used, but an organic filler is particularly preferred. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average particle size of the filler is preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the filler is a value measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device, and is calculated from the D50 value (particle size at 50% of the cumulative amount) of the obtained cumulative volume distribution.
- the organic filler refers to a particulate substance (primary particles) composed of an organic compound and having any shape, such as needle-like, rod-like, layered, scaly, spherical, etc., or an aggregate of such particulate matter (secondary particles).
- Such organic fillers are mainly selected from polymer compounds, and examples thereof include melamine-based resins, polymethyl (meth)acrylate-based resins, polystyrene-based resins, as well as biodegradable resins such as starch and polylactic acid.
- biodegradable resins such as polymethyl (meth)acrylate-based resins, polystyrene-based resins, and starch are preferred, and starch is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of dispersibility in hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resins.
- starch examples include raw starch (corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, wheat starch, cassava starch, sago starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch, rice starch, bean starch, kudzu starch, bracken starch, lotus starch, water chestnut starch, etc.), physically modified starch ( ⁇ -starch, fractionated amylose, moist heat treated starch, etc.), enzyme modified starch (hydrolyzed dextrin, enzymatically decomposed dextrin, amylose, etc.), chemically decomposed modified starch (acid treated starch, hypochlorite oxidized starch, dialdehyde starch, etc.), chemically modified starch derivatives (esterified starch, etherified starch, cationized starch, crosslinked starch, etc.), etc.
- raw starch especially corn starch and rice starch, are preferably used from the standpoint of availability and economy.
- the mass ratio to pullulan is preferably 2 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, and even more preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of pullulan. If the content is too low, blocking tends to occur, and if it is too high, the film's sealing ability tends to decrease and moldability when creating a package tends to decrease.
- the average particle size of the organic filler is preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 45 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 40 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 15 to 35 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is too small, the film tends to have high blocking properties, while if it is too large, the fillers tend to aggregate with each other, reducing dispersibility and causing pinholes when the film is stretched during molding.
- the inorganic filler refers to a particulate substance (primary particles) composed of an inorganic compound and having any shape, such as needle-like, rod-like, layered, scaly, spherical, etc., or an aggregate of such particulate substances (secondary particles).
- primary particles composed of an inorganic compound and having any shape, such as needle-like, rod-like, layered, scaly, spherical, etc., or an aggregate of such particulate substances (secondary particles).
- inorganic fillers include oxide-based inorganic compounds such as silica (silicon dioxide), diatomaceous earth, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium oxide, germanium oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide, as well as talc, clay, kaolin, mica, asbestos, gypsum, graphite, glass balloons, glass beads, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfite, calcium carbonate, whisker-like calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dawsonite, dolomite, potassium titanate, carbon black, glass fibers, alumina fibers, boron fibers, processed mineral fibers, carbon fibers, carbon hollow spheres, bentonite, montmorillonite, copper powder, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, potassium aluminum
- inorganic oxide compounds and talc it is preferable to use inorganic oxide compounds and talc, and it is particularly preferable to use titanium oxide, talc, and silica, and it is even more preferable to use silica.
- the average particle size of the inorganic filler is preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 2 to 15 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is too small, the flexibility and toughness of the film tend to decrease and blocking tendencies tend to increase, while if it is too large, pinholes tend to form when the film is stretched during molding processing.
- the content of the filler is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, particularly preferably 1.5 to 25 parts by mass, and even more preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total of pullulan and hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin. If the content is too low, the blocking tendency of the film tends to increase, and if it is too high, the flexibility and toughness of the film tends to decrease.
- a surfactant and the like may further be contained, if necessary.
- the surfactant used in the present invention is contained for the purpose of improving the releasability from the cast surface during film production, and typically includes a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an anionic surfactant.
- surfactants include polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylnonyl ether, polyoxyethylene dodecylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate monoethanolamine salt, polyoxyethylene lauryl amino ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl amino ether and other polyoxyethylene alkyl amino ethers, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, glycerin stearate, sucrose fatty acid ester, etc., which can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate monoethanolamine salt and polyoxyethylene lauryl amino ether are preferred from the viewpoint of production stability.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.05 to 2.5 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total of pullulan and hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin. If the content is too low, the peelability between the casting surface of the film-making device and the film-formed film tends to decrease, resulting in a decrease in productivity, while if the content is too high, blocking tends to occur easily, and the adhesive strength at the time of sealing when the film is used to make a package tends to decrease.
- water-soluble polymers other than the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin e.g., sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, chitosan, chitin, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- fragrances e.g., sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, chitosan, chitin, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- fragrances e.g., sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, chitosan, chitin, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- rust inhibitors e.g., sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, chitosan, chitin, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, etc.
- the content of the above other components is preferably 5 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin, particularly preferably 1 part by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less.
- the lower limit is usually 0 parts by mass. If the content is too high, the compatibility with pullulan decreases, and durability tends to decrease.
- an antioxidant may be added.
- antioxidants include sulfites such as sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, calcium sulfite, and ammonium sulfite, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate, tecol, and Rongalite, and among these, sulfites, particularly sodium sulfite, are preferred.
- the amount of such an antioxidant added is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin.
- the above-mentioned blended components are dissolved or dispersed in water to prepare an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion serving as a membrane-forming raw material.
- the method of mixing pullulan, the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin, and other additives is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of mixing pullulan, the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin, and other additives to prepare a mixture and then mixing the mixture with water to dissolve the mixture; a method of dissolving pullulan, the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin, and other additives separately in water and then mixing the mixture; and a method of dissolving pullulan and the hydrophilic group-modified PVA-based resin separately in water and then mixing the mixture with the other additives to dissolve the mixture.
- the dissolution temperature is usually 80 to 100°C, preferably 90 to 100°C, in the case of high temperature dissolution, and usually 80 to 130°C, preferably 90 to 120°C, in the case of pressure dissolution.
- the dissolution time is usually 1 to 20 hours, preferably 2 to 15 hours, and more preferably 3 to 10 hours. If the dissolution time is too short, undissolved materials tend to remain, whereas if the dissolution time is too long, productivity tends to decrease.
- the obtained film-forming raw material is subjected to a degassing treatment.
- a degassing method include static degassing, vacuum degassing, and twin-screw extrusion degassing, and among these, static degassing and twin-screw extrusion degassing are preferred.
- the degassing temperature is usually 50 to 100° C., preferably 60 to 95° C., and particularly preferably 65 to 80° C.
- the defoaming time is usually from 2 to 30 hours, preferably from 5 to 25 hours.
- the solid content of the film-forming raw material is preferably 10 to 60% by mass, particularly preferably 12 to 50% by mass, and further preferably 15 to 40% by mass. If the concentration is too low, the productivity of the film tends to decrease, whereas if the concentration is too high, the viscosity becomes too high, which may require a long time for degassing the film-forming raw material or may cause die lines during film formation.
- the pH of the membrane-forming material is usually 4 to 8, and preferably 4.8 to 7.5.
- the film-forming raw material prepared in the dissolving step is shaped into a film, and if necessary, dried to prepare a water-soluble film having a water content of less than 15% by mass.
- a film-forming method for example, a melt extrusion method, a casting method, or the like can be used, with the casting method being preferred in terms of the accuracy of the film thickness.
- the above-mentioned film-forming raw material is extruded from a slit such as a T-shaped slit die, cast onto a casting surface such as the metal surface of an endless belt or a drum roll, or the surface of a plastic substrate such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, dried, and if necessary, further heat-treated to produce a water-soluble film.
- a slit such as a T-shaped slit die
- a casting surface such as the metal surface of an endless belt or a drum roll, or the surface of a plastic substrate such as a polyethylene terephthalate film, dried, and if necessary, further heat-treated to produce a water-soluble film.
- the water-soluble film peeled off from the cast surface of the plastic substrate during the film-making process is transported and wound up around a core tube to obtain a film roll.
- the resulting film roll can be supplied as a finished product as is, but it is also preferable to supply the water-soluble film as a film roll slit to the desired film width.
- the surface of the water-soluble film may be plain, but from the standpoint of blocking resistance, slipperiness during processing, reduced adhesion between products, and appearance, it is also preferable to provide one or both sides of the film with a textured finish such as an embossed pattern, a finely textured pattern, or a specially engraved design.
- the thickness of the water-soluble film is selected appropriately depending on the application, etc., but is preferably 10 to 120 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 15 to 110 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too thin, the mechanical strength of the film tends to decrease, and if it is too thick, the dissolution rate in water tends to be slow and the film production efficiency also tends to decrease.
- the width of the water-soluble film is selected appropriately depending on the application, etc., but is preferably 300 to 5,000 mm, particularly preferably 500 to 4,000 mm, and even more preferably 600 to 3,000 mm. If the width is too narrow, productivity tends to decrease, and if it is too wide, sagging and control of the film thickness tend to become difficult.
- the length of the water-soluble film is selected appropriately depending on the application, etc., but is preferably 100 to 20,000 m, particularly preferably 800 to 15,000 m, and even more preferably 1,000 to 10,000 m. If the length is too short, the productivity tends to decrease because it takes time to change the film, and if it is too long, the appearance tends to be poor due to tight winding.
- the water content of the obtained water-soluble film is preferably 3 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 9% by mass, and further preferably 6 to 8% by mass, from the viewpoints of mechanical strength and heat sealability. If the water content is too low, the film becomes too hard, and the moldability when made into a package and the impact resistance of the package tend to decrease, while if the water content is too high, blocking tends to occur easily.
- the water content can be adjusted by appropriately setting the drying conditions and humidity control conditions.
- the moisture content is measured in accordance with JIS K 6726 3.4, and the obtained value of the volatile matter is regarded as the moisture content.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention may be used as a single layer, or may be used as a multilayer structure laminated with other films or resin layers.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention thus obtained is particularly useful for packaging pharmaceuticals such as pesticides and detergents (unit packaging) and for edible purposes (food packaging).
- Foods to be packaged in the film may be in the form of granules, tablets, powder, etc., and it is also preferable for them to be dried foods such as ingredients and toppings for instant foods.
- the drug package according to one embodiment of the present invention is formed by covering a drug with a package made of the obtained water-soluble film. Since the drug is packaged in a package made of a water-soluble film, when the drug is put into water together with the package, the package (water-soluble film) on the surface dissolves, exposing the drug, which dissolves or disperses in the water and exerts the effect of the drug. Therefore, the drug package according to one embodiment of the present invention is suitable as a drug package containing a relatively small amount of drug, such as a single dose.
- the above-mentioned chemicals include, for example, agricultural chemicals such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, fertilizers, detergents, etc., and detergents such as laundry detergents and dishwashing detergents are particularly preferred.
- Such chemicals may be liquid or solid, and if solid, may be in the form of, for example, granules, tablets, powders, etc. Chemicals that are dissolved or dispersed in water are preferred, and it is particularly preferred that they encapsulate liquid detergents.
- the pH of such chemicals may be alkaline, neutral, or acidic.
- the liquid detergent preferably has a pH value of 6 to 12 when dissolved or dispersed in water, and particularly preferably 7 to 11.
- the liquid detergent also preferably has a water content of 15% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 7% by mass.
- the water content of the liquid detergent is within the above range, the water-soluble film does not gel or become insoluble, and tends to have excellent water solubility.
- the pH value is measured in accordance with JIS K 3362 8.3, and the water content is measured in accordance with JIS K 3362 7.21.3.
- the capsule can be manufactured by placing a drug between two opposing water-soluble films (a first water-soluble film and a second water-soluble film) and pressing and bonding the overlapping parts (abutting parts) of the water-soluble films around the drug.
- a lower mold for a molding device is prepared, which has a recess having a shape in which a drug can be placed inside, and a first water-soluble film (bottom film) is fixed to the lower mold, and the bottom film is molded into a shape that conforms to the lower mold.
- a second water-soluble film (top film) is also fixed to the upper mold of the molding device. Then, after a separately prepared drug such as liquid detergent is placed (putted) into the molded bottom film, the upper mold and the lower mold are pressed together to bring the top film and the bottom film around the drug into contact with each other, and the contacting parts are compressed under vacuum. After the compression, the vacuum is released to obtain a drug package in which the drug is encapsulated in the water-soluble film.
- a separately prepared drug such as liquid detergent
- Methods for bonding the above-mentioned film include, for example, heat sealing, water sealing, and glue sealing.
- heat sealing is preferred because it is easy to control the bonding conditions, etc.
- glue sealing is preferred because it is easy to control the bonding conditions, etc.
- (PVA resin) - Hydrophilic group modified PVA resin The following materials were prepared as the water-soluble film components: (PVA resin) - Hydrophilic group modified PVA resin.
- Carboxy group-modified PVA-based resin viscosity of 4% aqueous solution at 20° C. was 22 mPa ⁇ s, average degree of saponification was 94 mol %, and modification amount with maleic acid monomethyl ester was 2.0 mol %.
- Sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resin viscosity of 4% aqueous solution at 20° C. was 2.5 mPa ⁇ s, average degree of saponification was 88 mol %, and the amount of modification with sodium allylsulfonate was 2.5 mol %.
- Sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resin viscosity of 4% aqueous solution at 20° C. is 2.8 mPa ⁇ s, average saponification degree is 99 mol % or more, modification amount with sodium allylsulfonate is 2.5 mol %.
- Unmodified PVA 4% aqueous solution viscosity at 20° C. is 18 mPa ⁇ s, average degree of saponification is 88 mol %.
- Example 1 Preparation of water-soluble film A 10% aqueous solution of carboxyl-modified PVA-based resin (1) and a 10% aqueous solution of pullulan were mixed to obtain 80 parts of carboxyl-modified PVA-based resin and 20 parts of pullulan, and 15 parts of glycerin were further mixed to obtain a film-forming raw material which is an aqueous dispersion of a resin composition with a solid content concentration of 10%. The obtained film-forming raw material was allowed to stand at room temperature to degas.
- the film-forming raw material after standing and defoaming was poured into a 10 cm x 10 cm frame prepared on a polyester film, and dried by standing in an environment of 23°C x 50% RH to obtain a water-soluble film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the water content of this water-soluble film was 7.5% by mass.
- Example 2 Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the contents of the carboxyl group-modified PVA-based resin (1) and pullulan were changed to the amounts shown in Table 1 below, and were similarly evaluated.
- Example 3 Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the contents of the carboxyl-modified PVA-based resin (1) and pullulan were changed to those shown in Table 1 below, and the types of plasticizers and fillers were added to those shown in Table 1 below. Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 4 Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the contents of the carboxyl group-modified PVA-based resin (1) and pullulan were changed to the amounts shown in Table 1 below, and were similarly evaluated.
- Example 5 Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the carboxyl group-modified PVA-based resin (1) and the unmodified PVA-based resin (4) were used in combination in the amounts shown in Table 1 below, and evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 6 Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the amounts of the carboxyl group-modified PVA-based resin (1) and the unmodified PVA-based resin (4) were changed to those shown in Table 1 below, and the films were evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 7 A water-soluble film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resin (2) was used as the PVA-based resin, and was evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 8 A water-soluble film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the sulfonic acid group-modified PVA-based resin (3) was used as the PVA-based resin, and the film was evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 1 A water-soluble film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the unmodified PVA-based resin (4) was used as the PVA-based resin, and was evaluated in the same manner.
- the prepared membrane-forming raw materials had poor compatibility and were slightly phase-separated.
- Comparative Example 2 Water-soluble films were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the contents of the unmodified PVA-based resin (4) and pullulan were changed to the amounts shown in Table 1 below, and were similarly evaluated.
- the prepared membrane-forming raw materials had poor compatibility and were phase-separated.
- packages were produced using the water-soluble films of Examples 1, 4, 5, 7 and 8 by the method described below, and their moldability was evaluated. Furthermore, for the water-soluble films of Examples 1 and 5, packages having multiple compartments were produced, and the moldability and compressive strength were evaluated according to the methods and standards described below. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- a package was prepared using a package manufacturing machine manufactured by Engel according to the following procedure. That is, the water-soluble film was left to stand for 24 hours under humidity-controlled conditions of 23°C and 40% RH, and then, under this environment, a first water-soluble film (bottom film) was fixed on top of a mold (A) (package to be molded: length 45 mm, width 42 mm, height 30 mm) having a recess in the lower part of the device, and a second water-soluble film (top film) was also fixed on the upper part of the device in a state facing the bottom film.
- A mold
- the bottom film was heated for 4 seconds with a dryer generating hot air at 100°C, and the bottom film was vacuum molded into a shape that conformed to the mold. Then, 34 mL of a commercially available liquid laundry detergent (composition summary: propylene glycol 11%, glycerin 7.5%, surfactant 67%, water 14.2%, pH 7.5) was poured into the recess of the molded bottom film. 0.25 g of water was applied to the entire surface of the top film (length 80 mm, width 140 mm), the top film and the bottom film were pressed together, and after pressing for 10 seconds, the vacuum was released to produce package (A).
- a commercially available liquid laundry detergent composition summary: propylene glycol 11%, glycerin 7.5%, surfactant 67%, water 14.2%, pH 7.5
- 0.25 g of water was applied to the entire surface of the top film (length 80 mm, width 140 mm), the top film and the bottom film were pressed together, and after pressing for 10 seconds, the
- ⁇ Moldability> In producing the packages, the conformability of the bottom film to the mold during vacuum forming was visually confirmed and evaluated based on the following criteria: The evaluation of the package (A) produced was rated as "moldability (A)," and the evaluation of the package (B) produced was rated as “moldability (B).” [Evaluation criteria] ⁇ (very good): The film conformed satisfactorily to the mold in less than 30 seconds. ⁇ (good): A slight gap was observed between the film and the mold, or it took 30 seconds or more for the film to sufficiently conform to the mold. ⁇ (poor): The film was clearly floating above the mold and did not conform to the mold.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention containing pullulan and a modified PVA-based resin modified with a hydrophilic group has good compatibility between pullulan and the PVA-based resin, a film with excellent transparency and appearance is obtained, and the film has excellent water solubility.
- the film has excellent mechanical properties and has excellent moldability when used to prepare a package, so that the film is suitable for practical use as an individual package.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention has excellent moldability even when formed into a complex shape, and exhibits sufficient strength in the evaluation of compressive strength. In addition, no film easily peeled off or broke at the sealing surface, demonstrating excellent water sealing properties.
- the comparative example in which an unmodified PVA-based resin was used as the PVA-based resin had poor compatibility with pullulan, and a uniform film-forming material could not be obtained, resulting in defects in the incompatible parts during film formation and problems with film winding, and it was found that the film-forming properties were poor, and the obtained film was poor in transparency and appearance. It was also found that the solubility was poor, making it unsuitable for practical use as individual packaging.
- the water-soluble film of the present invention can be used for packaging (unit packaging) of pharmaceuticals such as pesticides and detergents, (hydraulic) transfer films, sanitary products such as napkins and disposable diapers, waste disposal products such as ostomy bags, medical products such as blood-absorbing sheets, and temporary base materials such as seedling sheets, seed tapes, and embroidery base fabrics.
- pharmaceuticals such as pesticides and detergents
- hydroaulic transfer films sanitary products such as napkins and disposable diapers
- waste disposal products such as ostomy bags
- medical products such as blood-absorbing sheets
- temporary base materials such as seedling sheets, seed tapes, and embroidery base fabrics.
- the film of the present invention which is a blend film of a PVA-based resin that is also used in foods and pharmaceuticals and a naturally derived raw material, is also useful for edible applications (food packaging).
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Abstract
Description
また、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂は生分解性の樹脂であるため、水溶性フィルム全体としての生分解性を大きく低下させることなく上記課題を解決することが可能である。
[1] プルランと、親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂と、を含有することを特徴とする水溶性フィルム。
[2] 前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が、アニオン性基変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であることを特徴とする[1]記載の水溶性フィルム。
[3] 前記プルランと親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂との含有比率(質量比)が1/99~99/1であることを特徴とする[1]又は[2]記載の水溶性フィルム。
[4] 更に可塑剤を含有することを特徴とする[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルム。
[5] 前記プルランと前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂との含有比率(質量比)が5/95~80/20であり、前記可塑剤の含有量が前記プルランと前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の合計100質量部に対して5~60質量部であることを特徴とする[4]記載の水溶性フィルム。
[6] 更にフィラーを含有することを特徴とする[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルム。
[7] 前記フィラーが澱粉であることを特徴とする[6]記載の水溶性フィルム。
[8] 前記プルラン100質量部に対し前記澱粉を2~60質量部含有することを特徴とする[7]記載の水溶性フィルム。
[9] 前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂がアニオン性基変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であり、前記プルランと前記アニオン性基変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂との含有比率(質量比)が5/95~80/20であることを特徴とする[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルム。
[10] 含水率が3~15質量%であることを特徴とする[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルム。
[11] 薬剤包装に用いることを特徴とする[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルム。
[12] 食品包装に用いることを特徴とする[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルム。
[13] プルランと、親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とを含有してなる製膜原料を調製し、前記製膜原料をキャスト面に流延する流延工程と、前記キャスト面に流延された製膜原料を乾燥する乾燥工程とを有することを特徴とする[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の水溶性フィルムの製造方法。
[14] [11]記載の水溶性フィルムからなる包装体と、前記包装体に内包された薬剤と、からなる薬剤包装体。
[15] 前記薬剤が液体洗剤であることを特徴とする[14]記載の薬剤包装体。
[16] 第1の水溶性フィルムと第2の水溶性フィルムと薬剤とを準備し、前記第1の水溶性フィルムと第2の水溶性フィルムとを対峙させ、前記第1の水溶性フィルムと前記第2の水溶性フィルムとの間に前記薬剤を配置し、前記第1の水溶性フィルムと前記第2の水溶性フィルムを重ね合わせることにより前記薬剤の周囲の前記第1の水溶性フィルムと前記第2の水溶性フィルムとを当接させ、その当接部分を圧着する工程とを有することを特徴とする[14]又は[15]記載の薬剤包装体の製造方法。
なお、本発明において「フィルム」とは「テープ」や「シート」をも含めた意味である。
また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)又は「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と表現した場合、「Xより大きいことが好ましい」又は「Y未満であることが好ましい」旨の意も包含する。
本発明において、フィルムの溶解は以下のように判断するものである。
すなわち、フィルムを3cm×5cmのサイズにカットし、水(1リットル)を入れた1リットルビーカーに入れ治具で固定し、水温を20℃に保ちつつ、スターラーにより撹拌(回転子長3cm、回転数750rpm)し、直径1mm以上の上記フィルムの不溶微粒子が見られない場合を溶解とする。
なお、本発明において、ポリビニルアルコールを「PVA」と略記することがある。
<プルラン>
プルランは、グルコースのみからなる多糖類の一種であり、グルコース3分子がα1-4結合したマルトトリオースがα1-6結合で繋がった構造を有している。通常、水あめを有する培地で微生物(糸状菌の一種)を培養することによって得られ、水に溶けやすく、潤滑性、接着性、固結性、付着性、粘着性、被膜性、成形性等の特性を有している。
また、官能基を導入してさらなる特性を付与した変性プルランもある。
本発明で用いる親水基で変性されている変性PVA系樹脂(以下、単に「親水基変性PVA系樹脂」とすることがある)は、例えば、カルボキシ基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基等のアニオン性基や、ピロリドン環、アミノ基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の親水基を有するものであることが好ましい。なかでも、アニオン性基を有することが好ましく、特にはカルボキシ基、スルホン酸基が好ましい。上記親水基には、上述した官能基のナトリウム、カリウム等の塩も含まれる。
上記アニオン性基変性PVA系樹脂は、アニオン性基を有するものであり、上記アニオン性基として、例えば、カルボキシ基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基等が挙げられる。なかでも、水への溶解性や耐薬剤性に優れる点で、上記アニオン性基が、カルボキシ基、スルホン酸基であることが好ましい。
これらのなかでもマレイン酸系の化合物が好ましく、更にマレイン酸モノメチルが好ましい。
特に、相溶性と水溶性とのバランスや取扱い易さの点において、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂、スルホン酸基変性PVA系樹脂が好ましく用いられ、特には、カルボキシ基変性PVAが好ましく用いられる。
プルランの含有割合が多すぎると、親水基変性PVA系樹脂との相溶性が悪くなる傾向があり、フィルムの水への溶解性が低下するおそれがある。また、フィルム強度等の機械物性が低下する傾向がある。
本発明は、フィルムに適度な柔軟性を付与する点から、プルラン及び親水基変性PVA系樹脂に加えて可塑剤を用いることが好ましい。可塑剤は1種のみを用いたり、2種以上を併用したりできるが、フィルムの機械物性や成型性の点から2種以上を併用することも好ましい。
本発明においては、必要に応じて、更に、フィラーを含有させてもよい。
なお、上記フィラーの平均粒子径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置で測定した値であり、得られた累計体積分布のD50値(累積50%の粒子径)より算出したものである。
かかる有機フィラーとしては、主に高分子化合物の中から選択され、例えば、メラミン系樹脂、ポリメチル(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂の他、澱粉、ポリ乳酸等の生分解性樹脂等が挙げられる。なかでも、ポリメチル(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、澱粉等の生分解性樹脂が好ましく、特には親水基変性PVA系樹脂に対する分散性の点から澱粉が好ましい。
無機フィラーとしては、例えば、シリカ(二酸化ケイ素)、珪藻土、酸化チタン、酸化カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化バリウム、酸化ゲルマニウム、酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛等の酸化物系無機化合物や、タルク、クレー、カオリン、雲母、アスベスト、石膏、グラファイト、ガラスバルーン、ガラスビーズ、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウム、硫酸アンモニウム、亜硫酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、ウィスカー状炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、ドーソナイト、ドロマイト、チタン酸カリウム、カーボンブラック、ガラス繊維、アルミナ繊維、ボロン繊維、加工鉱物繊維、炭素繊維、炭素中空球、ベントナイト、モンモリロナイト、銅粉、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸カリウム、硫酸亜鉛、硫酸銅、硫酸鉄、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウムカリウム、硝酸アンモニウム、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カリウム、硝酸アルミニウム、塩化アンモニウム、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、リン酸ナトリウム、クロム酸カリウム等が挙げられる。これらは、単独で、もしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
本発明においては、必要に応じて、更に界面活性剤等を含有させることができる。
本発明で用いられる界面活性剤は、フィルム製造時のキャスト面からの剥離性改善の目的で含有されるものであり、通常、ノニオン界面活性剤、カチオン界面活性剤、アニオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。
このような界面活性剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルノニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンドデシルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノステアレート、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタンモノオレエート、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルアミノエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンステアリルアミノエーテル等のポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミノエーテル、ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ソルビタンモノステアレート、ステアリン酸グリセリンエステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられ、これらは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。なかでも、製造安定性の点で、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステルモノエタノールアミン塩、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルアミノエーテルが好適である。これらの界面活性剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で、その他の成分として、親水基変性PVA系樹脂以外の他の水溶性高分子(例えば、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリビニルピロリドン、デキストリン、キトサン、キチン、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース等)や、香料、防錆剤、着色剤、増量剤、消泡剤、紫外線吸収剤、流動パラフィン類、蛍光増白剤、苦味成分(例えば、安息香酸デナトニウム等)等を含有させることも可能である。これらは単独でもしくは2種以上併せて用いることができる。
本発明においては、上記の通りプルランと親水基変性PVA系樹脂、好ましくは更に可塑剤、必要に応じて更に、フィラー及び界面活性剤等のその他の成分を配合し、水を用いて溶解又は分散して製膜原料を調製し、これを製膜してフィルムとするものである。
溶解工程では、上記配合した各成分を水に溶解又は分散して、製膜原料となる水溶液又は水分散液を調製する。
製膜原料の調製に際しては、プルランと親水基変性PVA系樹脂、その他の添加剤の混合方法は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、プルランと親水基変性PVA系樹脂とその他の添加剤を混合して混合物として、これを水と混合して溶解させる方法、プルランと、親水基変性PVA系樹脂及びその他の添加剤とをそれぞれ別に水に溶解させた後、これらを混合する方法、プルランと親水基変性PVA系樹脂をそれぞれ別に水に溶解させた後、これらとその他の添加剤とを混合して溶解する方法等が挙げられる。
溶解温度としては、高温溶解の場合には、通常80~100℃、好ましくは90~100℃であり、加圧溶解の場合には、通常80~130℃、好ましくは90~120℃である。
溶解時間としては、通常1~20時間、好ましくは2~15時間、更に好ましくは3~10時間である。溶解時間が短すぎると未溶解物が残る傾向にあり、長すぎると生産性が低下する傾向にある。
脱泡温度は通常50~100℃であり、好ましくは60~95℃、特に好ましくは65~80℃である。脱泡温度が高すぎるとプルランの分子鎖が切断され製膜原料の粘度が低下する傾向があり、低すぎると粘度が高くなり脱泡に時間を要し、生産性が低下する傾向がある。
脱泡時間は、通常2~30時間、好ましくは5~25時間である。
製膜原料のpHは、通常4~8であり、好ましくは4.8~7.5である。
製膜工程では、溶解工程で調製した製膜原料を膜状に賦形し、必要に応じて乾燥処理を施すことで、含水率15質量%未満にした水溶性フィルムに調製する。
製膜方法としては、例えば、溶融押出法や流延法等の方法を採用することができ、膜厚の精度の点で流延法が好ましい。
流延法を行うに際しては、例えば、上記製膜原料を、T型スリットダイ等のスリットから吐出させ、エンドレスベルトやドラムロールの金属表面等、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム等のプラスチック基材表面等のキャスト面に流延し、乾燥し、必要に応じて更に熱処理することにより水溶性フィルムを製造することができる。
なお、上記含水率は、JIS K 6726 3.4に準拠して測定され、得られた揮発分の値を含水率とする。
本発明の一実施形態である薬剤包装体は、得られた水溶性フィルムからなる包装体で薬剤を被覆してなるものである。この薬剤包装体は、水溶性フィルムからなる包装体で薬剤が包装されているため、薬剤を包装体ごと水に投入すると、表面の包装体(水溶性フィルム)が溶解して薬剤が露出し、水に溶解又は分散し、薬剤の効果を発現させることができる。よって、本発明の一実施形態である薬剤包装体は、1回分等の比較的少量の薬剤が内包する薬剤包装体として好適である。
なお、上記pH値は、JIS K 3362 8.3に準拠して測定される。また、水分量は、JIS K 3362 7.21.3に準じて測定される。
本発明の水溶性フィルムを用いて、液体洗剤等の薬剤を包装して薬剤包装体とするには、公知の方法を採用することができる。
例えば、対峙させた2枚の水溶性フィルム(第1の水溶性フィルム及び第2の水溶性フィルム)の間に薬剤を配置し、上記薬剤の周囲の水溶性フィルムの重なる部分(当接部分)を圧着して貼り合わせることにより製造することができる。
具体的には、成型装置の下金型として内部に薬剤を配置できる形状を有する凹部を設けたものを準備し、上記下金型に、第1の水溶性フィルム(ボトムフィルム)を固定し、上記ボトムフィルムを上記下金型に沿った形状に成型する。
一方、成型装置の上金型にも第2の水溶性フィルム(トップフィルム)を固定する。そして、上記成型されたボトムフィルム内に、別途準備した液体洗剤等の薬剤を配置(投入)した後、上金型と下金型を圧締し、上記薬剤の周囲のトップフィルムとボトムフィルムとを当接させ、この当接部分を真空下で圧着する。圧着した後は真空を解放することにより、薬剤が水溶性フィルムに内包された薬剤包装体を得ることができる。
なお、例中、「部」とあるのは、質量基準を意味する。
(PVA樹脂)
・親水基変性PVA系樹脂。
(1)カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂:20℃における4%水溶液粘度22mPa・s、平均ケン化度94モル%、マレイン酸モノメチルエステルによる変性量2.0モル%。
(2)スルホン酸基変性PVA系樹脂:20℃における4%水溶液粘度2.5mPa・s、平均ケン化度88モル%、アリルスルホン酸ナトリウムによる変性量2.5モル%。
(3)スルホン酸基変性PVA系樹脂:20℃における4%水溶液粘度2.8mPa・s、平均ケン化度99モル%以上、アリルスルホン酸ナトリウムによる変性量2.5モル%。
・未変性PVA。
(4)未変性PVA:20℃における4%水溶液粘度18mPa・s、平均ケン化度88モル%。
(プルラン)
・プルラン(林原社製)
(可塑剤)
・グリセリン
・ソルビトール
(フィラー)
・澱粉(コーンスターチ、平均粒子径20μm)
水溶性フィルムの作製
カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂(1)10%水溶液、プルラン10%水溶液を、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂80部、プルラン20部になるように混合し、更にグリセリン15部を混合し、固形分濃度10%の樹脂組成物の水分散液である製膜原料を得た。得られた製膜原料を室温にて静置することで脱泡した。
静置脱泡後の製膜原料を、ポリエステルフィルム上に作成した10cm×10cmの枠に流し込み、23℃×50%RHの環境下で静置することにより乾燥させ、厚み100μmの水溶性フィルムを得た。この水溶性フィルムの含水率は7.5質量%であった。
実施例1において、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂(1)とプルランの含有量を後記の表1に示す量に変更した以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例1において、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂(1)とプルランの含有量を後記の表1に示す量に変更し、可塑剤の種類とフィラーとを追加し、後記の表1に示す内容に変更した以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例1において、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂(1)とプルランの含有量を後記の表1に示す量に変更した以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例1において、PVA系樹脂として、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂(1)と未変性PVA系樹脂(4)を後記の表1に示す量で併用した以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例5において、カルボキシ基変性PVA系樹脂(1)と未変性PVA系樹脂(4)を後記の表1に示す量に変更した以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例4において、PVA系樹脂として、スルホン酸基変性PVA系樹脂(2)を用いた以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例4において、PVA系樹脂として、スルホン酸基変性PVA系樹脂(3)を用いた以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
実施例1において、PVA系樹脂として、未変性PVA系樹脂(4)を用いた以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
なお、調製した製膜原料は相溶性が悪くやや相分離していた。
比較例1において、未変性PVA系樹脂(4)とプルランの含有量を後記の表1に示す量に変更した以外は同様にして水溶性フィルムを作製し、同様に評価した。
なお、調製した製膜原料は相溶性が悪く相分離していた。
[評価方法]
水溶性フィルムの海島構造の有無を目視観察し、下記の基準に基づいて評価した。
[評価基準]
○(very good)・・・海島構造が少なく相分離がほぼ見られず、透明であった。
×(poor)・・・海島構造の島が大きく明らかに相分離していた。
[評価方法]
上記で得られた水溶性フィルムを3.5cm×3.5cmのサイズにカットし、水(1リットル)を入れた1リットルビーカーに入れ治具で固定し、スターラーにより撹拌(回転子長3cm、回転数750rpm)しながら水温を20℃に保ちつつ、上記フィルムが直径1mm以上の不溶微粒子の分散が見られない場合を溶解とし、溶解に要する時間を下記の基準に基づいて評価した。
[評価基準]
○(very good)・・・120秒未満で溶解した。
△(good)・・・120~300秒で溶解した。
×(poor)・・・300秒を超えた後でも溶解しなかった。
[評価方法]
上記で得られた水溶性フィルムを用い、JIS K 7127(1999)に準拠して「引張強度」と「引張伸度」を測定した。即ち、測定前に23℃、50%RH調湿条件下に24時間放置した後、この環境下で水溶性フィルムを、オートグラフAG-X Plus(島津製作所社製)を用いて、引張速度200mm/分で、引張強度と引張伸度を測定した(フィルム幅15mm、チャック間距離50mm)。これらの測定値を下記の基準に基づいて評価した。
[評価基準]
◎(excellent)・・・引張強度が10MPa以上で、かつ引張伸度が300%超であった。
〇(very good)・・・引張強度が10MPa以上で、かつ引張伸度が200~300%であった、又は引張強度が5MPa以上10MPa未満で、かつ引張伸度が300%超であった。
△(good)・・・引張強度が5MPa以上10MPa未満で、かつ引張伸度が200~300%であった。
×(poor)・・・引張強度が0~5MPa未満及び/又は引張伸度が200%未満であった。
更に、実施例1及び5の水溶性フィルムについては、複数の区画を有する包装体を作製し、成型性、圧縮強度を下記に示す方法及び基準に基づいて評価した。
これらの結果を後記の表2に示す。
上記で得られた水溶性フィルムについて、Engel社製包装体製造機を用いて、下記の手順にて包装体を作製した。
すなわち、水溶性フィルムを23℃、40%RH調湿条件下に24時間静置して調湿した後、この環境下で、装置の下部にある凹部を有する金型(A)(成型される包装体:縦45mm、横42mm、高さ30mm)の上に、第1の水溶性フィルム(ボトムフィルム)を固定し、装置の上部にも第2の水溶性フィルム(トップフィルム)をボトムフィルムと対峙させた状態で固定した。ボトムフィルムを4秒間、100℃の熱風を発生させるドライヤーで加熱し、ボトムフィルムを金型に沿った形状となるように真空成型した。
その後、市販の衣類用液体洗濯洗剤(組成概要:プロピレングリコール11%、グリセリン7.5%、界面活性剤67%、水14.2%、pH7.5)を成型されたボトムフィルムの凹部に34mL注入した。トップフィルム全面(縦80mm、横140mm)に水を0.25g塗布し、トップフィルムとボトムフィルムを圧着し、10秒間圧着した後に、真空を解放し、包装体(A)を作製した。
包装体の作製において、真空成型時のボトムフィルムの金型への追従性を目視で確認しし、下記の基準に基づいて評価した。このとき、包装体(A)を作製した際の評価を「成型性(A)」とし、包装体(B)を作製した際の評価を「成型性(B)」とした。
[評価基準]
○(very good)・・・フィルムが金型に沿って30秒未満で十分に追従した。
△(good)・・・フィルムと金型の間にやや隙間が見られた、又は金型に十分に追従するまでに30秒以上かかった。
×(poor)・・・フィルムが明らかに金型より浮いており追従していなかった。
上記包装体の製造において金型(A)を用いて得られた液体洗剤包装体を用いて、下記に示す方法に従い圧縮強度を測定し、下記の基準に基づいて評価した。
[評価方法]
上記の方法で作製した液体洗剤包装体を、23℃、40%RHの環境下で1時間静置した後に、この環境下でオートグラフAG-X Plus(島津製作所社製)を用いて、試験速度200mm/分で液体洗剤包装体が破袋する際の圧縮強度を測定した。なお、ロードセルは5kNを使用した。
[評価基準]
○(very good)・・・圧縮強度が1000N超であった。
△(good)・・・圧縮強度が300以上、1000N以下であった。
×(poor)・・・圧縮強度が300N未満で容易に破袋した、又はシール面が容易に剥離することで破袋した。
更に、本発明の水溶性フィルムは、複雑な形状においても優れた成型性を有し、また圧縮強度の評価において十分な強度を示し、かつシール面で容易に剥離して破袋したものはなく、水シール性にも優れることがわかる。
また食品や医薬品にも用いられているPVA系樹脂と天然由来原料とのブレンドフィルムである本発明のフィルムは可食用途(食品包装)にも有用である。
Claims (16)
- プルランと、親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂と、を含有することを特徴とする水溶性フィルム。
- 前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が、アニオン性基変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 前記プルランと親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂との含有比率(質量比)が1/99~99/1であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 更に可塑剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 前記プルランと前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂との含有比率(質量比)が5/95~80/20であり、前記可塑剤の含有量が前記プルランと前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂の合計100質量部に対して5~60質量部であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 更にフィラーを含有することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 前記フィラーが澱粉であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 前記プルラン100質量部に対し前記澱粉を2~60質量部含有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 前記親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂がアニオン性基変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であり、
前記プルランと前記アニオン性基変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂との含有比率(質量比)が5/95~80/20であることを特徴とする請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。 - 含水率が3~15質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 薬剤包装に用いることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- 食品包装に用いることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルム。
- プルランと、親水基で変性されている変性ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂とを含有してなる製膜原料を調製し、前記製膜原料をキャスト面に流延する流延工程と、前記キャスト面に流延された製膜原料を乾燥する乾燥工程とを有することを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の水溶性フィルムの製造方法。
- 請求項11記載の水溶性フィルムからなる包装体と、前記包装体に内包された薬剤と、からなる薬剤包装体。
- 前記薬剤が液体洗剤であることを特徴とする請求項14記載の薬剤包装体。
- 第1の水溶性フィルムと第2の水溶性フィルムと薬剤とを準備し、
前記第1の水溶性フィルムと第2の水溶性フィルムとを対峙させ、前記第1の水溶性フィルムと前記第2の水溶性フィルムとの間に前記薬剤を配置し、前記第1の水溶性フィルムと前記第2の水溶性フィルムを重ね合わせることにより前記薬剤の周囲の前記第1の水溶性フィルムと前記第2の水溶性フィルムとを当接させ、その当接部分を圧着する工程とを有することを特徴とする請求項14又は15記載の薬剤包装体の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23891686.0A EP4621005A4 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2023-11-17 | Water-soluble film, method for manufacturing it, drug packaging body and method for manufacturing it |
| JP2024558960A JPWO2024106541A1 (ja) | 2022-11-18 | 2023-11-17 | |
| CN202380063278.0A CN119816555A (zh) | 2022-11-18 | 2023-11-17 | 水溶性薄膜和其制造方法、药剂包装体和其制造方法 |
| US19/065,469 US20250243333A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2025-02-27 | Water-soluble film and method for producing the same, and chemical agent package and method for producing the same |
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| JP2022184960 | 2022-11-18 | ||
| JP2022-184960 | 2022-11-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US19/065,469 Continuation US20250243333A1 (en) | 2022-11-18 | 2025-02-27 | Water-soluble film and method for producing the same, and chemical agent package and method for producing the same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2024106541A1 true WO2024106541A1 (ja) | 2024-05-23 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250243333A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4621005A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2024106541A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN119816555A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024106541A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025205906A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-27 | 2025-10-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 水溶性フィルム及びその製造方法、包装体、薬剤包装体及びその製造方法 |
| WO2025255465A1 (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2025-12-11 | Monosol, Llc | Bio-based water-soluble film including polyvinyl alcohol and pullulan |
| WO2026085526A1 (en) * | 2024-10-18 | 2026-04-23 | Monosol, Llc | Water-soluble films with polyvinyl alcohol (pvoh) and natural polymer blends |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120737523B (zh) * | 2025-07-11 | 2026-03-13 | 莒南县海达塑料包装制品有限公司 | 一种耐高温的水溶性聚乙烯醇包装薄膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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| JPH051198A (ja) | 1991-06-26 | 1993-01-08 | Japan Happy:Kk | 水溶性フイルム |
| JP2005528328A (ja) | 2001-10-12 | 2005-09-22 | コスモス・ファーマ | グルカン主体フィルム送達系 |
| KR20130122180A (ko) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-11-07 | 김영진 | 고유전 고분자 복합 조성물 및 이를 이용한 에너지 저장 소자 |
| CN109825017A (zh) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-31 | 安徽民祯活性包装材料有限公司 | 用于散装熟食的抑菌保鲜膜及其制备方法 |
| WO2022202750A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 水溶性フィルム及びそれを用いた薬剤包装体並びにそれらの製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS61175182A (ja) | 1985-01-30 | 1986-08-06 | Hino Motors Ltd | 後二軸型車両に使用されるステア・ロツク装置 |
| CA3019343C (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2021-11-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Pouches having water-soluble films made from polyvinyl alcohol polymer blends |
-
2023
- 2023-11-17 CN CN202380063278.0A patent/CN119816555A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-17 EP EP23891686.0A patent/EP4621005A4/en active Pending
- 2023-11-17 JP JP2024558960A patent/JPWO2024106541A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-11-17 WO PCT/JP2023/041526 patent/WO2024106541A1/ja not_active Ceased
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2025
- 2025-02-27 US US19/065,469 patent/US20250243333A1/en active Pending
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| JPH051198A (ja) | 1991-06-26 | 1993-01-08 | Japan Happy:Kk | 水溶性フイルム |
| JP2005528328A (ja) | 2001-10-12 | 2005-09-22 | コスモス・ファーマ | グルカン主体フィルム送達系 |
| KR20130122180A (ko) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-11-07 | 김영진 | 고유전 고분자 복합 조성물 및 이를 이용한 에너지 저장 소자 |
| CN109825017A (zh) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-31 | 安徽民祯活性包装材料有限公司 | 用于散装熟食的抑菌保鲜膜及其制备方法 |
| WO2022202750A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 水溶性フィルム及びそれを用いた薬剤包装体並びにそれらの製造方法 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025205906A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-27 | 2025-10-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 水溶性フィルム及びその製造方法、包装体、薬剤包装体及びその製造方法 |
| WO2025255465A1 (en) * | 2024-06-07 | 2025-12-11 | Monosol, Llc | Bio-based water-soluble film including polyvinyl alcohol and pullulan |
| WO2026085526A1 (en) * | 2024-10-18 | 2026-04-23 | Monosol, Llc | Water-soluble films with polyvinyl alcohol (pvoh) and natural polymer blends |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4621005A4 (en) | 2026-03-04 |
| JPWO2024106541A1 (ja) | 2024-05-23 |
| EP4621005A1 (en) | 2025-09-24 |
| CN119816555A (zh) | 2025-04-11 |
| US20250243333A1 (en) | 2025-07-31 |
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