WO2024111437A1 - 熱成形用シート及び加飾シート - Google Patents
熱成形用シート及び加飾シート Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024111437A1 WO2024111437A1 PCT/JP2023/040572 JP2023040572W WO2024111437A1 WO 2024111437 A1 WO2024111437 A1 WO 2024111437A1 JP 2023040572 W JP2023040572 W JP 2023040572W WO 2024111437 A1 WO2024111437 A1 WO 2024111437A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/12—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2333/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
Definitions
- thermoforming sheets and decorative sheets This disclosure relates to thermoforming sheets and decorative sheets.
- plastic molded parts used in automobiles has increased due to the demand for diversifying automobile designs and reducing the weight of automobiles.
- These plastic molded parts are required to have designs such as wood grain or metallic tones, as well as functionality such as chemical resistance and scratch resistance.
- housings and front panels of electronic devices and other devices require design, three-dimensional shapes, and functionality such as chemical resistance and scratch resistance, making resin molded products ideal for these applications.
- a method for imparting design and functionality a method has been proposed in which a sheet with a specific design or function, such as a decorative sheet, is integrated with a resin molded product.
- the following two methods can be given as specific examples: (1) A method in which a sheet is thermoformed (vacuum forming, compressed air forming, etc.) into a specific shape in advance, which is then set in an injection molding die and molten resin is injected into it to form an injection molded article which is simultaneously integrated with the preformed sheet. (2) A method of covering a prefabricated resin molded product with a sheet by thermoforming (three-dimensional surface decoration molding).
- thermoforming sheets used generally have a hard coat layer to provide chemical resistance and scratch resistance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a hard coat film for insert molding, which has a base film and a hard coat layer formed on the surface of the base film, the hard coat layer being composed of a composition that is cured by ionizing radiation, and the indentation hardness of the hard coat layer, measured by a nanoindentation method, is 10 to 200 N/ mm2 at 30°C and 100 N/mm2 or less at 150°C.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a laminated hard-coated film for molding, which is made by providing a hard-coat layer containing a resin on a substrate film, and the laminated hard-coated film has an elongation rate of 10% or more in an atmosphere of 23°C and 50% RH.
- Patent Document 3 describes a decorative laminated member having a protective film, a coating layer, and a resin substrate in this order, in which the protective film has an adhesive layer in contact with the coating layer, and the surface roughness Rz(a) of the coating layer side of the adhesive layer in a state where it is not in contact with the coating layer, and the surface roughness Rz(b) of the coating layer on the opposite side to the resin substrate of an unheated sample having a coating layer and a resin substrate obtained by peeling the protective film from the coating layer at a speed of 5.0 mm/sec in the laminated member are: 85% ⁇ Rz(b)/Rz(a) ⁇ 100 ⁇ 110% (1)
- the coating layer has unreacted (meth)acryloyl groups, and when a heated sample is irradiated with 500 mJ/ cm2 of active energy rays, the unreacted (meth)acryloyl groups in the coating layer have disappeared by 10 to 100% compared to the unreacted (meth)acryloyl groups in the coating layer of an unheated sample.
- thermoforming sheet having a hard coat layer When a thermoforming sheet having a hard coat layer is thermoformed into a specified shape, the hard coat layer is generally formed in an uncured state to prevent cracking during thermoforming, i.e., to improve formability. Since the surface of a hard coat layer in an uncured state is soft and prone to defects such as scratches, a protective film that has peelability for the hard coat layer is generally applied to a thermoforming sheet having such a layer, taking into consideration handling and other factors.
- the adhesive strength of the protective film to the hard coat layer is too strong, i.e., if the peeling performance of the protective film is too weak, the protective film cannot be easily peeled off from the hard coat layer, which may reduce work efficiency.
- the adhesive strength of the protective film to the hard coat layer is too weak in order to increase work efficiency, i.e., if the peeling performance of the protective film is too high, for example, when laminating a functional layer, a design layer, etc., the protective film may partially peel off from the hard coat layer, causing the protective film to float off from the hard coat layer.
- Such floating of the protective film may deteriorate the appearance of a molded product produced by applying the thermoforming sheet at the time of shipment, or, in a state in which the protective film has floated, for example, when a functional layer, a design layer, etc. are laminated and heat treatment is performed, and then the protective film is peeled off, there may be cases in which a poor appearance such as wrinkles or scratches corresponding to the floating part of the protective film occurs on the surface of the hard coat layer.
- the object of this disclosure is therefore to provide a thermoforming sheet that can reduce or inhibit the occurrence of lifting of a peelable layer when laminating a functional layer, a design layer, etc., and that has excellent handleability and thermoformability, etc.
- a layer containing a thermoplastic resin (layer A), A layer (B layer) formed from an uncured product of a (meth)acrylate-based active energy ray-curable resin composition (composition B), and a layer (C layer) peelable from the B layer.
- a thermoforming sheet comprising at least three layers laminated in this order: When the elongation percentage in the MD direction of the C layer at 100°C is ⁇ 1 (%) and the elongation percentage in the MD direction of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet at 100°C is ⁇ 1 (%), ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 is -0.5% or more and 5.0% or less. Thermoforming sheet.
- thermoforming sheet according to aspect 1 wherein ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 is ⁇ 2.0% or more and 4.0% or less, when the elongation percentage in the TD direction of the C layer at 100 ° C. is ⁇ 2 (%).
- Aspect 3 The thermoforming sheet according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the C layer comprises an unstretched thermoplastic resin layer or a biaxially stretched thermoplastic resin layer.
- thermoforming sheet A thermoforming sheet according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the number of protruding defects having a height of 5 ⁇ m or more and an area of 0.1 mm2 or more present on the surface of the C layer facing the B layer is 10 or less per square meter.
- Aspect 7 A thermoforming sheet according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein a reaction rate of the (meth)acrylate contained in the layer B is 2% or more and 50% or less.
- Aspect 10 The thermoforming sheet according to aspect 9, wherein the A layer contains 1 to 20 parts by mass of a polyester thermoplastic elastomer relative to 100 parts by mass of a polycarbonate resin.
- thermoforming sheet according to any one of aspects 1 to 10 further comprising a layer (D layer) containing a (meth)acrylic resin between the A layer and the B layer.
- thermoforming sheet that is excellent in handleability and thermoformability, etc.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a thermoforming sheet according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure is constructed by laminating at least three layers in this order: a layer containing a thermoplastic resin (layer A), a layer (layer B) formed from an uncured product of a (meth)acrylate-based active energy ray-curable resin composition (composition B), and a layer (layer C, sometimes referred to as a "peelable layer") that can be peeled off from layer B; and when the MD elongation rate of layer C at 100°C is ⁇ 1 (%) and the MD elongation rate of the laminate obtained by peeling layer C from the thermoforming sheet at 100°C is ⁇ 1 (%), ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 is -0.5% or more and 5.0% or less.
- “MD elongation rate at 100°C” and "TD elongation rate at 100°C” respectively refer to the rate of change in length in the MD and TD directions when each layer is heated from room temperature (25°C) to 100°C.
- thermoforming sheet disclosed herein is capable of reducing or suppressing lifting of the peelable layer (layer C) and is excellent in handleability and thermoformability, and is believed to function according to the following principle.
- the surface (109) of the peelable layer C layer (105) on the B layer (103) side exhibits peeling performance.
- the peelable layer can be easily peeled off from the B layer, improving the handling.
- such a peelable layer may peel off from the B layer due to deformation stress applied during heat treatment, for example, and a gap may be formed between the peelable layer C layer (105) and the B layer (103), resulting in a floating part in which the peelable layer (C layer) is floating. It is believed that such a floating part of the peelable layer may further cause defects in appearance such as scratches or wrinkles on the surface of the hardened layer. In other words, it is believed that such a defect in appearance may occur as a result of the B layer hardening in a state in which the unhardened layer is deformed following the gap in the floating part of the peelable layer.
- the inventors predicted that the difference in stress between the peelable layer and the uncured layer during heat treatment, etc., was responsible for the occurrence of lifting in the peelable layer, and after extensive research, they discovered that, for example, when a functional layer, a design layer, etc. are laminated and heat treatment is performed, if there is a small difference between the elongation rate due to thermal expansion of the peelable layer and the elongation rate due to thermal expansion of the laminate other than the peelable layer in the thermoforming sheet at the temperature (a temperature of about 100°C) applied at that time, the occurrence of lifting in the peelable layer can be reduced or suppressed.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure employs a peelable layer with excellent peeling performance, for example, when the sheet is handled, or when a functional layer, a design layer, etc. are laminated and heat treated, the occurrence of lifted portions in the peelable layer can be reduced or suppressed, improving handleability in the uncured state and enabling both moldability and excellent appearance to be achieved.
- thermoforming sheet in this order, contains these components in this order, and other layers such as a layer containing a (meth)acrylic resin (Layer D) may be interposed between these components, for example, between Layer A and Layer B.
- Layer D a layer containing a (meth)acrylic resin
- (meth)acrylic means acrylic or methacrylic
- (meth)acrylate means acrylate or methacrylate
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 , at least three layers in this order: a layer containing a thermoplastic resin (101 (layer A)), a layer (103 (layer B)) formed from an uncured product of a (meth)acrylate-based active energy ray-curable resin composition (composition B), and a layer (105 (layer C)) peelable from layer B.
- thermoforming sheet of this disclosure First, the layers that make up the thermoforming sheet of this disclosure will be described below.
- the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure includes a layer (A layer) containing a thermoplastic resin.
- a layer may be a single layer or may be a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- each layer in the A layer can be called an A1 layer, an A2 layer, etc., in order to distinguish each layer in the A layer.
- thermoplastic resin examples thereof include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(4-methylpentene-1), cycloolefins such as ring-opening metathesis polymers of norbornenes, addition polymers, and addition copolymers with other olefins, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and polybutyl succinate, polyamide resins such as nylon 6, 11, 12, and 66 (including semi-aromatic polyamides), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacetal, polyglycolic acid, polystyrene, and styrene.
- polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(4-methylpentene-1)
- cycloolefins such as ring-opening metathesis polymers of norbornenes
- thermoplastic resin examples include methyl methacrylate copolymers, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins such as polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (IAPET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, modified polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyarylate, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.
- the thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the layer containing the thermoplastic resin (layer A) contains a polycarbonate-based resin.
- the polycarbonate resin used in layer A is a polymer in which dihydroxy compounds are linked by carbonate ester bonds, and is usually obtained by reacting a dihydroxy component with a carbonate precursor using interfacial polymerization or melt polymerization.
- dihydroxy components include 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (commonly known as bisphenol A), 2,2-bis ⁇ (4-hydroxy-3-methyl)phenyl ⁇ propane (bisphenol C), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbutane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylpentane, and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane.
- bisphenol A 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
- bisphenol C 2,2-bis ⁇ (4-hydroxy-3-methyl)phenyl ⁇ propane
- bisphenol C 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane
- 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylbutane 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutane
- bisphenols examples include cyclohexane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)octane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)decane, 9,9-bis ⁇ (4-hydroxy-3-methyl)phenyl ⁇ fluorene, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-m-diisopropylbenzene, isosorbide, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol.
- Bisphenol A is preferred from the viewpoints of physical properties and cost.
- polycarbonates in which 50 mol% or more of the bisphenol component is bisphenol A and/or bisphenol C are preferred, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and even more preferably 90 mol% or more.
- polycarbonates include homopolymers of bisphenol A, homopolymers of bisphenol C, binary copolymers of bisphenol A and bisphenol C, binary copolymers of bisphenol A and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, and binary copolymers of bisphenol A and 9,9-bis ⁇ (4-hydroxy-3-methyl)phenyl ⁇ fluorene.
- homopolymers of bisphenol A are the most preferred.
- the carbonate precursor may be, for example, a carbonyl halide, a carbonate ester, or a haloformate, and specific examples include phosgene, diphenyl carbonate, or a dihaloformate of a dihydric phenol.
- the polycarbonate resin may be a branched polycarbonate resin copolymerized with a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional aromatic compound, or a polyester carbonate resin copolymerized with an aromatic or aliphatic difunctional carboxylic acid, or a mixture of two or more of the obtained polycarbonate resins.
- the molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin is preferably in the range of 13,000 to 40,000, expressed as a viscosity average molecular weight. In this range, defects such as cracks or burrs during thermoforming can be suitably suppressed, and melt film formation can be suitably carried out.
- the molecular weight is more preferably 15,000 to 35,000, further preferably 20,000 to 32,000, and particularly preferably 22,000 to 28,000. In the case of a mixture of two or more polycarbonate resins, the molecular weight represents the molecular weight of the entire mixture.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the layer containing a polycarbonate resin (layer A) is preferably in the range of 100°C to 145°C in terms of thermoformability, etc.
- the glass transition temperature of such a layer is more preferably 110°C to 140°C, and particularly preferably 120°C to 130°C.
- the glass transition temperature refers to a value measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- the method for adjusting the glass transition temperature of the A layer is not particularly limited, but in order to ensure the transparency of the thermoforming sheet, a method of blending a polyester thermoplastic elastomer with a polycarbonate resin is preferred.
- the polyester thermoplastic elastomer is preferably a multiblock copolymer composed of a hard segment made of polybutylene terephthalate units and a soft segment made of polyester units having an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid as the dicarboxylic acid component and a diol having 5 to 15 carbon atoms as the diol component.
- the soft segment consisting of polyester units having aromatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid as dicarboxylic acid components and diol having 5 to 15 carbon atoms as diol components refers to a segment in which the melting point of the polymer formed from the segment is 100°C or less, or the polymer is liquid and amorphous at 100°C.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer that becomes the soft segment is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2.0, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5.
- the soft segment SS-1 preferably contains 60 to 99 mol% aromatic dicarboxylic acid and 1 to 40 mol% aliphatic dicarboxylic acid out of a total of 100 mol% of dicarboxylic acid components. It is more preferable that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid content is 70 to 95 mol% and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid content is 5 to 30 mol%. It is even more preferable that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid content is 85 to 93 mol% and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid content is 7 to 15 mol%. It is particularly preferable that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid content is 89 to 92 mol% and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid content is 8 to 11 mol%.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid of SS-1 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylcarboxylic acid, bis(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, and bis(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfone, with terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid being more preferred, and isophthalic acid being particularly preferred from the viewpoint of reduced crystallinity.
- linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as succinic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid, are suitable, with sebacic acid being particularly suitable.
- linear aliphatic diols having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as hexamethylene glycol, decamethylene glycol, 3-methylpentanediol, and 2-methyloctamethylenediol, are more preferred, with hexamethylene glycol being particularly preferred.
- the polyester thermoplastic elastomer is preferably contained in layer A in an amount of 1 part by mass or more, 3 parts by mass or more, or 5 parts by mass or more, 20 parts by mass or less, 18 parts by mass or less, or 15 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the polycarbonate resin in layer A, since the glass transition temperature of layer A can be set in a suitable range, thereby improving the thermoformability.
- the thickness of layer A is preferably in the range of 20 to 3,000 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 30 to 2,500 ⁇ m, even more preferably in the range of 40 to 2,000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 1,500 ⁇ m, and most preferably in the range of 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure must have ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 between -0.5% and 5.0%, where ⁇ 1 (%) is the MD elongation of the peelable layer (C layer) described below at 100°C, and ⁇ 1 (%) is the MD elongation of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet at 100°C.
- the MD and/or TD elongation of the A layer at 100°C can be, for example, 0% or more, more than 0%, 0.1% or more, 0.3% or more, 0.5% or more, 0.7% or more, or 1.0% or more, and can be 10% or less, 8.0% or less, 6.0% or less, 5.0% or less, 3.0% or less, or 1.0% or less.
- the elongation in the present disclosure can be determined by the method described in the examples described below.
- Layer A of the present disclosure may contain various components as appropriate, provided that the effects of the present disclosure are not affected.
- optional components include heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, dyes, pigments, and reinforcing fillers (e.g., glass fibers). Such components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the uncured (meth)acrylate-based active energy ray curable resin composition (composition B) constituting layer B of the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure contains a (meth)acrylate-based resin such as (meth)acrylate or urethane (meth)acrylate.
- the content is preferably in the range of 70 to 95 mass% of the total solid content of layer B. In such a range, productivity is excellent and the performance such as the cohesive strength, chemical resistance, scratch resistance, and optical properties of the coating film can be further improved.
- "uncured” refers to a state that is not completely cured, and includes the concept of semi-cured, which is a state that is somewhat cured, in addition to a state that is not cured.
- the reaction rate of the (meth)acrylate contained in the uncured B layer is preferably 1% or more, 2% or more, 3% or more, 4% or more, or 5% or more, and is preferably 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, or 10% or less.
- the reaction rate of the (meth)acrylate is within such a range, the B layer becomes in a semi-cured state and has reduced tackiness, improving workability and improving the flexibility of the B layer itself, allowing it to suitably conform to complex shapes during thermoforming.
- the reaction rate of the (meth)acrylate can be adjusted, for example, by the amount of ultraviolet light exposure.
- the (meth)acrylate resin contained in layer B in this disclosure may be either an oligomer or a prepolymer, and is not particularly limited.
- the glass transition temperature of the uncured (meth)acrylate resin composition (composition B) is preferably 30 to 150°C, more preferably 35 to 140°C, and particularly preferably 40 to 130°C. Within this range, problems such as blocking during roll winding and cracking during thermoforming can be further reduced or suppressed.
- the pencil hardness of the cured layer after curing by irradiating the uncured (meth)acrylate resin composition (composition B) with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays is preferably H or more or 2H or more. There is no particular upper limit to the pencil hardness, and it can be 5H or less, 4H or less, or 3H or less. When the pencil hardness of the cured layer is in this range, the abrasion resistance and scratch resistance can be further improved.
- the pencil hardness refers to a value obtained by coating and drying a sheet with an uncured (meth)acrylate resin composition (composition B), irradiating it with ultraviolet light at an integrated light quantity of 2,000 mJ/ cm2 to cure the coating film to prepare a test piece, and measuring the pencil hardness of the coating film on the test piece in accordance with JIS K5600-5-4-1999, as described later in the Examples.
- a photopolymerization initiator can be contained in layer B.
- a photopolymerization initiator By containing a photopolymerization initiator, the polymerization and curing reaction of the hard coat layer by irradiation with light (ultraviolet light) can be carried out in a short time.
- photopolymerization initiators include benzophenone, benzil, Michler's ketone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, benzil dimethyl ketal, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio) (o)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropanone-1, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one, bis(cyclopentadienyl)-bis(2,6-difluoro-3-(pyr-1-yl)titanium, and 2-benzyl
- the amount of photopolymerization initiator contained in the solid content of layer B is preferably 0.01 to 10 mass % of the total solid content of layer B, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 mass %. Within this range, good photocuring properties can be exhibited, and defects such as coloring of layer B and manufacturing costs can be reduced or suppressed. In addition, in order to improve photocuring properties, it is also possible to add, for example, various known dyes and sensitizers.
- the thickness of layer B is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 2 to 30 ⁇ m, even more preferably in the range of 2.5 to 20 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure when the elongation percentage in the MD direction at 100°C of the peelable layer (C layer) described below is ⁇ 1 (%) and the elongation percentage in the MD direction at 100°C of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet is ⁇ 1 (%), it is necessary that ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 is -0.5% or more and 5.0% or less.
- elongation percentage in the MD direction and/or TD direction at 100°C of the B layer can be, for example, 0% or more, more than 0%, 0.1% or more, 0.3% or more, 0.5% or more, 0.7% or more, or 1.0% or more, and can be 10% or less, 8.0% or less, 6.0% or less, 5.0% or less, 3.0% or less, or 1.0% or less.
- the elongation rate of layer B can be calculated, for example, by applying layer B to the above-mentioned layer A, measuring the elongation rate in that state, and subtracting the elongation rate of layer A alone.
- Various components can be appropriately blended into Layer B of the present disclosure, as long as they do not affect the effects of the present disclosure.
- optional components include leveling agents, defoamers, antifouling agents (e.g., surfactants), surface modifiers, and fillers (e.g., organic fillers and inorganic fillers).
- leveling agents e.g., leveling agents, defoamers, antifouling agents (e.g., surfactants), surface modifiers, and fillers (e.g., organic fillers and inorganic fillers).
- antifouling agents e.g., surfactants
- surface modifiers e.g., organic fillers and inorganic fillers.
- fillers e.g., organic fillers and inorganic fillers
- the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure includes a layer (C layer: peelable layer) that can be peeled off from the B layer.
- the C layer can also be called a protective layer or a protective film because it protects the B layer during handling of the sheet, heat treatment, etc.
- the B layer especially the B layer after drying, does not exhibit adhesion, so the C layer can have an adhesive layer that can be peeled off from the B layer and a support layer that supports the adhesive layer.
- the C layer can include these two layers, but in order to distinguish between these layers in the C layer, the support layer can also be called the C1 layer and the adhesive layer can also be called the C2 layer.
- the C layer may be applied indirectly to the B layer via another layer, but from the viewpoint of the effect of suppressing the floating part of the peelable layer, it is preferable that the C layer is applied directly to the B layer.
- the C layer for example the support layer (C1 layer) constituting the C layer, is preferably an unstretched thermoplastic resin layer or a biaxially stretched thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoints of thermoformability, handling, suppression effect of the lifting part of the peelable layer, etc.
- a thermoplastic resin layer may be in the form of a film or sheet.
- thermoplastic resin that constitutes the thermoplastic resin layer
- examples of such resins include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly(4-methylpentene-1), or modified polyolefin resins obtained by modifying such resins with unsaturated ethylenic carboxylic acids, ring-opening metathesis polymers of norbornenes, addition polymers, and cycloolefins such as addition copolymers with other olefins, biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid and polybutyl succinate, polyamide resins such as nylon 6, 11, 12, and 66 (including semi-aromatic polyamides), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyamides, polyamides, polyamides, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl
- thermoplastic resin examples include cetal, polyglycolic acid, polystyrene, styrene copolymerized polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins such as polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (IAPET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, modified polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherimide, polyimide, polyarylate, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.
- the thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the thermoplastic resin is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate-based resins, polypropylene, and modified polyolefin-based resins.
- the polycarbonate-based resin may be the same as that used in the above-mentioned layer A.
- layer C includes an adhesive layer (layer C2)
- adhesive layer there are no particular limitations on the adhesive used to form the adhesive layer that can be peeled off from layer B, and for example, (meth)acrylic polymers, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyolefin polymers, polyester polymers, polyether polymers, polyurethane polymers, silicone polymers, or other polymers can be used.
- the adhesives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the peeling force of the C layer from the B layer (B layer after drying) can be adjusted as appropriate, for example, by blending an adhesive strength adjuster with the adhesive layer (C2 layer) constituting the C layer.
- the peeling force is in the range of 10 mN/25 mm or more, 15 mN/25 mm or more, or 20 mN/25 mm or more, 1,000 mN/25 mm or less, 800 mN/25 mm or less, 500 mN/25 mm or less, 450 mN/25 mm or less, or 400 mN/25 mm or less.
- the peeling force can be determined by the method described in the examples below.
- the C layer used in the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure has no particular restrictions on the MD elongation ( ⁇ 1) of the C layer at 100°C, as long as ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 is -0.5% or more and 5.0% or less, where ⁇ 1 (%) is the MD elongation of the C layer at 100°C of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet, and ⁇ 1 (%) is the MD elongation of the laminate at 100°C of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet.
- Such elongation ( ⁇ 1) can be, for example, 0% or more, more than 0%, 0.1% or more, 0.3% or more, 0.5% or more, 0.7% or more, or 1.0% or more, and can be 10% or less, 8.0% or less, 6.0% or less, or 5.0% or less.
- the elongation rate ( ⁇ 2) in the TD direction of layer C at 100°C can be, for example, 0% or more, more than 0%, 0.1% or more, 0.3% or more, 0.5% or more, 0.7% or more, or 1.0% or more, and can be 10% or less, 8.0% or less, 6.0% or less, or 5.0% or less.
- the thickness of layer C is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 15 to 50 ⁇ m, and most preferably in the range of 15 to 30 ⁇ m.
- Layer C of the present disclosure may contain various components as appropriate, provided that the effects of the present disclosure are not affected.
- optional components include heat stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, antistatic agents, adhesion regulators, dyes, pigments, and reinforcing fillers (e.g., glass fibers). Such components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the C layer of the present disclosure preferably has 10/ m2 or less, 8/m2 or less, 5/ m2 or less, 3/ m2 or less, 2/m2 or less, or 1/ m2 or less protruding defects with a height of 5 ⁇ m or more and an area of 0.1 mm2 or more on the surface of the C layer on the B layer side.
- the lower limit of such defects can be, for example, 0/ m2 or more or more than 0/ m2 .
- the protruding defects can be determined by the method described in the examples below.
- the surface roughness (Sa) of the surface (109) of the C layer in contact with the B layer of the present disclosure is preferably 150 nm or less, 120 nm or less, 100 nm or less, 80 nm or less, or 50 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the surface roughness can be, for example, 1 nm or more, 5 nm or more, 10 nm or more, or 15 nm or more. If the surface roughness is in this range, the surface appearance of the B layer after curing can be further improved.
- the surface roughness (Sa) can be determined by the method described in the examples below.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure and the decorative sheet prepared using the sheet can generally be subjected to a temperature of about 20 ° C. to 100 ° C. when, for example, a functional layer, a design layer, etc. are laminated using the sheet. Therefore, since the thermal expansion of each layer in such a sheet can be maximized at about 100 ° C., the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure and the decorative sheet prepared using the sheet must be such that, when the elongation in the MD direction (machine direction) of the peelable layer (C layer) at 100 ° C. is ⁇ 1 (%) and the elongation in the MD direction of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet at 100 ° C.
- ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 is ⁇ 0.5% or more and 5.0% or less.
- the range of ⁇ 1- ⁇ 1 is more than -0.5%, -0.4% or more, -0.3% or more, -0.2% or more, or -0.1% or more, and less than 5.0%, 4.5% or less, 4.0% or less, 3.5% or less, 3.0% or less, or 2.5% or less.
- the temperature applied when, for example, a functional layer, a design layer, etc. are laminated does not exclude temperatures exceeding 100°C.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure can have ⁇ 2- ⁇ 2 of -1.0% or more and 5.0% or less, where ⁇ 2 (%) is the elongation in the TD direction (width direction) of the peelable layer (C layer) at 100 ° C., and ⁇ 2 (%) is the elongation in the TD direction of the laminate obtained by peeling the C layer from the thermoforming sheet at 100 ° C.
- ⁇ 2- ⁇ 2 is in such a range, the occurrence of lifting of the peelable layer during thermoforming can be further reduced or suppressed, and the handleability and thermoformability of the thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet can be further improved.
- the range of ⁇ 2- ⁇ 2 is more preferably more than -1.0%, -0.8% or more, -0.5% or more, -0.4% or more, -0.3% or more, -0.2% or more, or -0.1% or more, less than 5.0%, 4.5% or less, 4.0% or less, 3.5% or less, 3.0% or less, or 2.5% or less.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure may have ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 of -2.0% or more and 4.0% or less with respect to the above-mentioned ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.
- ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 is in such a range, lifting of the peelable layer (C layer) can be further reduced or suppressed.
- the range of ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 is more preferably -1.8% or more, -1.5% or more, -1.3% or more, -1.0% or more, -0.8% or more, -0.5% or more, -0.4% or more, -0.3% or more, -0.2% or more, or -0.1% or more, less than 4.0%, 3.5% or less, 3.0% or less, 2.5% or less, 2.0% or less, 1.5% or less, or 1.0% or less.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure may further include one or more optional layers depending on the intended use, etc., to the extent that the effects of the present disclosure are not affected.
- the optional layers are not limited to the following, but may include, for example, the layers shown below.
- the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure may include a layer (D layer) containing a (meth)acrylic resin.
- the D layer is preferably disposed between the A layer and the B layer described above. When the D layer is applied, the appearance defect caused by the thickness unevenness is less likely to occur, and the performance such as the hardness and scratch resistance of the thermoforming sheet can be further improved.
- the D layer may be a single layer or may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. When the D layer is a structure of two or more layers, each layer in the D layer can be called a D1 layer, a D2 layer, etc. in order to distinguish them from each other.
- the (meth)acrylic resin used in the D layer is preferably one that is mainly composed of a polymer of a methacrylic acid ester or an acrylic acid ester.
- the (meth)acrylic resin is preferably a copolymer that contains methyl methacrylate in an amount of preferably 50 mol % or more, more preferably 70 mol % or more, even more preferably 80 mol % or more, and particularly preferably 90 mol % or more.
- copolymerization components include, for example, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- copolymerization components include, for example, other ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- ethylenically unsaturated monomers include vinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and vinyltoluene, diene compounds such as 1,3-butadiene and isoprene, alkenyl cyanide compounds such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, and N-substituted maleimide.
- the copolymerization components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the copolymerization components is preferably 0 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0 to 30% by mass, and even more preferably 0 to 20% by mass.
- Layer D of the present disclosure may contain various components as appropriate, provided that the effects of the present disclosure are not adversely affected.
- optional components include heat stabilizers, colorants, release agents, lubricants, antistatic agents, and matting agents. Such components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- rubber particles can be blended into the D layer.
- the blending amount can be, for example, 1 mass % or less, 0.5 mass % or less, or 0.1 mass % or less of the total solid content of the D layer.
- the thickness of layer D is preferably in the range of 5 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 8 to 250 ⁇ m, even more preferably in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range of 20 to 150 ⁇ m, and most preferably in the range of 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure may include a design layer.
- the design layer may be applied to any part of the thermoforming sheet, but is preferably applied to the surface (107) of the A layer (101) of the thermoforming sheet (100) opposite the B layer (103) as shown in FIG. 1.
- the sheet obtained by thermoforming is typically cured with the C layer peeled off and used with the B layer as the upper surface. Therefore, when the design layer is applied to the surface of the A layer opposite the B layer, the design layer can be protected by at least the B layer and the A layer.
- the design layer may be formed on the entire surface of the surface to which it is applied, or may be formed partially.
- a thermoforming sheet having a design layer can also be called a decorative sheet.
- the design layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer that can exhibit design (decoration).
- design layers include colored layers that exhibit special colors or metallic colors, and design layers that can impart patterns (e.g., wood grain, stone grain), logos, pictures, etc.
- the design layer may be of one type, or a combination of multiple types of design layers.
- the thickness of the design layer may vary, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, or 5 ⁇ m or more, and may be 50 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or less, 8 ⁇ m or less, or 5 ⁇ m or less.
- a functional layer capable of imparting an optional function such as an antistatic layer, a conductive layer, a primer layer, an adhesive layer, etc., can also be used.
- the thickness of the thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet of the present disclosure is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set according to the intended use of each sheet, etc.
- the thickness is, for example, preferably 0.05 mm or more and 3 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, even more preferably 0.15 mm or more and 2 mm or less, and particularly preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
- thermoforming sheet>> There is no particular limitation on the method for producing the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure. An example of the production method is shown below. Note that, in the various production methods of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned materials can be used in the same manner.
- the single layer sheet of layer A constituting the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure can be manufactured, for example, by a known extrusion method using molding material A for layer A, and a laminated sheet having layer A and an optional layer D can be manufactured, for example, by a known co-extrusion method using molding material A for layer A and molding material D for layer D.
- the co-extrusion method is generally a method of obtaining a multilayer sheet by melt extruding molding material A and molding material D using separate extruders and laminating them using a feed block or a multi-manifold die, and it is possible to control the total thickness and thickness composition of the obtained laminated sheet by adjusting the extrusion amount and film-forming speed of each extruder, the die slip interval, etc.
- the sheet is formed by pressing the molten resin against a roll or belt. Furthermore, the molten resin before it cools and hardens can be compressed with a metal roll to transfer the metal mirror surface, improving the surface appearance of the sheet.
- metal elastic rolls include those that have an axis roll and a cylindrical metal thin film that is arranged to cover the outer surface of the axis roll and comes into contact with the molten resin, and have a temperature-controlled fluid such as water or oil sealed between the axis roll and the metal thin film, or those with a metal belt wrapped around the surface of a rubber roll.
- metal elastic rolls with a metal belt wrapped around two or more rolls can compress the molten resin over a wider surface on a circular arc, allowing it to be cooled in a state where as little stress remains in the resin as possible.
- the method for laminating the B layer constituting the thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure onto the above-mentioned single layer sheet or laminate sheet is generally a coating method.
- coating method There are no particular limitations on the coating method, and examples include gravure coating, microgravure coating, fountain bar coating, slide die coating, and slot die coating. These are coating methods that make it easy to adjust the coating thickness.
- composition B a coating material prepared by dissolving or dispersing a (meth)acrylate-based active energy ray-curable resin composition (composition B) and, if necessary, a hindered amine-based compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and other optional components in an appropriate solvent is applied to the single-layer sheet or laminated sheet and dried to form layer B.
- solvent there are no particular limitations on the solvent, and it can be appropriately selected depending on the solubility of composition B. Any solvent that can uniformly dissolve or disperse at least the solids (resin, photopolymerization initiator, and other optional components) is sufficient.
- solvents include ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.), ethers (dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons (hexane, etc.), alicyclic hydrocarbons (cyclohexane, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, etc.), halogenated carbons (dichloromethane, dichloroethane, etc.), esters (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol
- lamination As a means for laminating the peelable layer (layer C) of the present disclosure, for example, lamination is suitable. Lamination may be performed at room temperature, or may be performed while heating. When lamination is performed at room temperature, it is preferable that layer C has a peelable adhesive layer. In thermal lamination performed while heating, layer B is softened by raising the lamination temperature above the glass transition temperature of layer B, and by welding, it is possible to obtain the desired interfacial adhesive strength with layer C.
- thermoforming sheet of the present disclosure can be used as a decorative sheet by further applying a design layer to the sheet.
- the method of forming the design layer is not particularly limited, and examples include forming a pattern layer by printing, forming a thin film layer of metal or metal oxide, and the like, and these may be used in combination.
- the sheet can typically be subjected to a temperature of about 20°C to 100°C, or about 60 to 100°C, although the temperature is not limited to the following.
- the material for the design layer can be, for example, a paint in which pigments such as inorganic pigments, organic pigments, and lustrous materials are dispersed in a binder resin.
- the method for forming a thin film layer of a metal or metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vapor deposition, thermal spraying, plating, etc.
- Vapor deposition methods include vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, ion plating, thermal CVD, plasma CVD, photo CVD, etc.
- Thermal spraying methods include atmospheric plasma spraying, reduced pressure plasma spraying, etc.
- Plating methods include electroless plating, hot-dip plating, electroplating, etc.
- thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet of the present disclosure a molded article can be produced by various conventionally known molding methods.
- molded articles there are no particular limitations on the molded articles, and examples include interior and exterior materials for automobiles, indicator panels for automobiles, electrical appliances, cosmetic cases, interior and exterior parts for building materials, cases for various devices or products, cases for miscellaneous items, switches, keys, keypads, handles, levers, buttons, as well as housings or exterior parts for home appliances and AV devices (e.g., personal computers), mobile phones, and mobile devices.
- AV devices e.g., personal computers
- mobile phones and mobile devices.
- thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet that has been shaped in advance by vacuum forming, compressed air forming, or the like so as to conform to the shape of the injection molding mold cavity is set in the mold, and molten resin is injected into it, and the thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet is welded and integrated with the resin molded product at the same time as the injection molding to obtain a molded body.
- layer C which functions as a protective layer in the thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet, is peeled off from layer B after drying the sheet and before thermoforming.
- thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet to the cavity side of a mold using vacuum pressure, injecting molten resin into it, and applying heat and pressure to bond the thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet to the resin molded product to obtain a molded product.
- thermoforming methods include lamination by vacuum forming or compressed air forming.
- Various methods can be used to heat the thermoforming sheet or decorative sheet during thermoforming, such as infrared heaters, electric heaters, high-frequency induction, halogen lamps, microwaves, high-temperature induction (steam, etc.), lasers, etc.
- the above-mentioned molding method is not limited to the following temperature, but can generally be subjected to a temperature of about 140°C to 160°C depending on the process. Therefore, the produced molded body is cooled or allowed to cool as necessary.
- the B layer applied to the molded body is cured by irradiating it with active energy rays (ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, or electron beams).
- the active energy rays may be polarized or unpolarized.
- active energy rays ultraviolet rays are preferable from the viewpoints of equipment costs, safety, running costs, and the like.
- a photopolymerization initiator is used.
- the energy ray source of ultraviolet rays for example, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, a nitrogen laser, an electron beam accelerator, and a radioactive element can be used.
- the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is preferably in the range of 100 to 5,000 mJ/ cm2 , more preferably 300 to 3,000 mJ/ cm2 , as the cumulative exposure amount at an ultraviolet wavelength of 365 nm. When the irradiation amount is in such a range, a B layer having superior performance such as transparency and surface hardness can be obtained.
- the oxygen concentration during irradiation with active energy rays is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and particularly preferably 2% or less.
- Such an atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration or an atmosphere without oxygen can be obtained, for example, by replacing the atmosphere in at least the irradiation section in the irradiation device with an inert gas.
- inert gases include nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon.
- Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 ⁇ Methods for measuring various physical properties> (Glass-transition temperature) The measurement was performed using a 2920 model DSC manufactured by TA Instruments at a temperature rise rate of 20° C./min, and the glass transition temperature was determined from the point at which the temperature dropped.
- the thickness is the value at the center in the sheet width direction measured by an electronic micro thickness meter manufactured by Anritsu, Inc.
- the sheet width direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the sheet flow direction (MD direction) during film formation.
- a peelable layer (C layer) and a non-stretched laminate (a laminate consisting of A layer and B layer, or a laminate consisting of A layer, B layer, and D layer) not including the C layer before the application of the C layer were used.
- the elongation rate in the MD direction of the peelable layer (C layer) is shown as ⁇ 1
- the elongation rate in the MD direction of the laminate is shown as ⁇ 1.
- TD elongation at 100°C Five sample film pieces measuring 10 mm in the TD direction and 5 mm in the MD direction were cut out from the sample piece in the width direction of the sample piece, and a tension of 40 mN was applied to these pieces in the TD direction using a TM-3000 manufactured by Shinku Riko Co., Ltd., and the temperature was raised at 10°C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere to measure the stretch properties in the TD direction. The amount of elongation at a temperature of 100°C was divided by the sample length to obtain the elongation rate in the TD direction at 100°C (unit: %). The elongation rate in the table is the average value of the elongation rates of the five pieces.
- a peelable layer (C layer) and a non-stretched laminate (a laminate consisting of A layer and B layer, or a laminate consisting of A layer, B layer, and D layer) not including the C layer before the application of the C layer were used.
- the elongation rate in the TD direction of the peelable layer (C layer) is shown as ⁇ 2
- the elongation rate in the TD direction of the laminate is shown as ⁇ 2.
- thermoforming sheet was cut into a size of 25 mm x 200 mm, the A layer side of the cut thermoforming sheet was attached to a SUS plate of 50 mm width x 250 mm length, the SUS plate was fixed to a tensile tester (manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd., product name "Tensilon (trademark)"), the C layer was peeled at an angle of 180° at a peel speed of 300 mm/min, and the load was measured. This measurement was performed five times, and the average value was taken as the peel force (unit: mN/25 mm).
- the surface roughness (Surface roughness (Sa: arithmetic mean height) was measured using a Keyence VK-9710 laser microscope. This measurement was performed five times, and the average value was taken as the surface roughness (unit: nm).
- the uncured thermoforming sheet was heated at 100° C. for 60 minutes using a hot air dryer, and the sheet was visually inspected from the C layer side to see whether the C layer had peeled off from the B layer and lifted off.
- the evaluation was based on the following criteria: A: No lifting of layer C was observed. B: A slight lifting of the C layer was observed. C: The C layer was clearly peeled off.
- the sheet After peeling off the protective layer C from the thermoforming sheet, the sheet was preheated at 150° C. for 1 minute using a biaxial stretching tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho), and then stretched at the same temperature to a stretch ratio of 1.3 times. The appearance of the sheet was evaluated using the following criteria: A: No cracks or cloudiness were observed. B: Weak cracks or slight cloudiness are observed. C: Cracks or cloudiness are observed.
- the handleability of the sheet when the thermoforming sheet was used for molding was evaluated according to the following criteria: A: No stickiness is observed, layer C does not peel off spontaneously during handling, and layer C can be easily peeled off. B: There is some stickiness, or the edge surface of layer C peels off spontaneously during handling, or layer C cannot be easily peeled off. C: Stickiness is observed, or the C layer spontaneously peels off during handling, or peeling of the C layer is difficult.
- the haze value was measured using NDH-2000 (D65 light source) manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. This measurement was carried out five times, and the average value was taken as the haze value (unit: %).
- Preparation Example 1 (Production of polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer) 100 parts by mass of dimethyl isophthalate, 13 parts by mass of dimethyl sebacate, and 80 parts by mass of hexamethylene glycol were transesterified with dibutyltin diacetate catalyst, and then polycondensed under reduced pressure to obtain an amorphous polyester (soft segment) having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.06 and not showing an endothermic peak due to melting of crystals when measured by DSC method.
- Example 1 Polycarbonate resin pellets (Teijin Panlite L1250WP (bisphenol A homopolycarbonate resin (PC-A, viscosity average molecular weight 23,900)) and the thermoplastic elastomer obtained in Preparation Example 1 above were each pre-dried in advance and mixed in a V-type blender so that 10 parts by mass of thermoplastic elastomer was used per 100 parts by mass of polycarbonate resin pellets. The mixture was then extruded at a cylinder temperature of 260°C using a twin-screw extruder to form pellets, thereby obtaining molding material A for layer A. The glass transition temperature of molding material A was 120°C.
- molding material D As molding material D for layer D, an acrylic resin (Acrypet VH-001 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., an acrylic resin obtained by copolymerizing 95 mol % of methyl methacrylate and 5 mol % of methyl acrylate) was prepared.
- Molding materials A and D were each extruded from a 650 mm wide T-die using a single screw extruder with a screw diameter of 40 mm under conditions of cylinder temperatures of 260°C (molding material A), 250°C (molding material D), and screw rotation speeds of 109 rpm (molding material A), and 11 rpm (molding material D).
- the molten resin was compressed between a metal roll and a metal sleeve roll and cooled, after which the edges were trimmed and the sheet was taken up at a take-up speed of 10.3 m/min to produce a laminate sheet having a width of approximately 400 mm and a thickness of approximately 0.3 mm and having a two-layer structure of an A layer/D layer (A layer approximately 200 ⁇ m, D layer approximately 100 ⁇ m).
- the paint for forming layer B was prepared by diluting 100 parts by mass of a urethane acrylate ultraviolet curing resin "Folseed (trademark) No. 371C (trademark)” (solid content 40%, manufactured by Chugoku Paint Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by mass of Irgacure (trademark) 184 (photopolymerization initiator, manufactured by Chiba Specialty Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 3 parts by mass of a hindered amine compound "TINUVIN (trademark) 292 (trademark)” (manufactured by BASF Co., Ltd.) with methyl isobutyl ketone until the solid content concentration of the ultraviolet curing resin in the paint reached 30%, and thoroughly stirring the mixture.
- a urethane acrylate ultraviolet curing resin "Folseed (trademark) No. 371C (trademark)” (solid content 40%, manufactured by Chugoku Paint Co., Ltd.)
- Irgacure (trademark) 184 photo
- the paint forming the B layer was applied to the D layer side of the laminated sheet of the A layer and the D layer using a bar coater (#8), and then dried with hot air in a drying oven at 100°C for 5 minutes to form a B layer with a coating thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the reaction rate of the acrylate at this time was 5%.
- a protective film (C layer) was placed on the B layer and pressed with a nip roll to prepare a thermoforming sheet with a thickness of about 0.37 mm.
- Tables 1 to 3 Various evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- the protective film (C layer) was PCLR manufactured by Teijin, which is a film with a total thickness of about 70 ⁇ m in which an acrylic adhesive layer is applied to a polycarbonate support layer.
- PC, PP, PO, PE, and PET which are listed in the resin type and adhesive type of the protective film (C layer) in each table, mean polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate, respectively.
- Examples 2 to 11 Thermoforming sheets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the (coating) step, the protective film (C layer) was changed to the film shown in Table 1.
- the results of various evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- FSA-010C is a film manufactured by Futamura Chemical
- MX157N is a film manufactured by Nihon Matai
- A-1, SPV-TP-4030, SPV-V420, B-2 and SPV-C6010 are a film manufactured by Nitto Denko
- FM-325 is a film manufactured by Daio Paper Corporation
- R415A and 7H52 are a film manufactured by Toray
- UM1010 is a film manufactured by Tredegar
- JA13K and NSA22T are a film manufactured by San-A Chemical.
- Example 12 A thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thermoplastic elastomer obtained in Preparation Example 1 was not blended in (Molding Material A). The results of various evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- Example 13 A thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that molding material D was not used in the (co-extrusion) step, that is, a single-layer sheet having a width of 400 mm and a single-layer structure consisting of layer A (layer A 300 ⁇ m) was produced. The results of various evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- Example 14 A thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the (coating) step, the B layer was semi-cured by drying with hot air in a drying oven at 80° C. for 1 minute so that the reaction rate of the acrylate became 1%.
- the results of the various evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- Example 15 A thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the (coating) step, the B layer was semi-cured by irradiating it with ultraviolet light at an integrated light quantity of 50 mJ/ cm2 from the B layer side so that the reaction rate of the acrylate was 30%.
- the various evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the results of the various evaluations are shown in Table 3.
- thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the (coating) step, the B layer was cured by irradiating it with ultraviolet light from the B layer side with an integrated light quantity of 2,000 mJ/ cm2 so that the reaction rate of the acrylate was 70%, and in the (coating) step, the protective film (C layer) was changed to the film shown in Table 3.
- the various evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- thermoforming sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the (coating) step, the B layer was semi-cured by drying with hot air in a drying oven at 80° C. for 5 minutes so that the reaction rate of the acrylate was 3%, and in the (coating) step, the protective film (C layer) was changed to a film shown in Table 3. The results of the various evaluations are shown in Table 3.
- thermoforming sheet and decorative sheet of the present disclosure can reduce or suppress the occurrence of lifting of the peelable layer during thermoforming, and are excellent in handleability and thermoformability, etc., so that molded articles using the thermoforming sheet and decorative sheet are useful, for example, as interior and exterior materials for automobiles, indicator panels for automobiles, electrical appliances, cosmetic cases, interior and exterior parts for building materials, cases for various devices or products, cases for miscellaneous goods, switches, keys, keypads, handles, levers, buttons, and housings or exterior parts for home appliances and AV devices (e.g., personal computers), mobile phones, and mobile devices.
- AV devices e.g., personal computers
- Thermoforming sheet 101 Layer containing thermoplastic resin (layer A) 103 (Meth)acrylate-based active energy ray-curable resin composition (composition B) Layer (B layer) formed from the uncured product 105 Layer (C layer) that can be peeled off from layer B 107 A layer, the side opposite to B layer 109 C layer, the side facing B layer
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Abstract
Description
(1)シートを予め熱成形(真空成形、圧空成形等)にて特定形状とし、これを射出成形金型にセットし、溶融樹脂を射出して、射出成形体を形成すると同時に予備成形シートと一体化させる方法。
(2)予め作製した樹脂成形品にシートを熱成形により被覆する方法(三次元表面加飾成形)。
85%<Rz(b)/Rz(a)×100≦110% (1)
の関係を示し、
表面粗さRz(b)と、未加温試料を150~190℃雰囲気下で30~60秒間加温した加温試料の、コーティング層における樹脂基材とは反対側の表面粗さRz(bh)とが、下記(2)及び(3)の少なくとも1つを満たし、
0%≦Rz(bh)/Rz(b)×100<30% (2)、
0≦Rz(bh)≦Rz(b)<0.5μm (3);並びに
コーティング層は、未反応の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有し、加温試料に対して500mJ/cm2の活性エネルギー線を照射した状態において、コーティング層の未反応の(メタ)アクリロイル基は、未加温試料の前記コーティング層における未反応の(メタ)アクリロイル基と比べ、10~100%消失している、加飾用積層部材が開示されている。
熱可塑性樹脂を含む層(A層)、
(メタ)アクリレート系活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂組成物(組成物B)の未硬化物から形成された層(B層)、及び
前記B層から剥離可能な層(C層)
の少なくとも三層をこの順に積層してなる熱成形用シートであって、
前記C層の100℃でのMD方向の伸び率をβ1(%)、前記熱成形用シートから前記C層を剥離した積層体の100℃でのMD方向の伸び率をα1(%)としたときに、β1-α1が、-0.5%以上5.0%以下である、
熱成形用シート。
〈態様2〉
前記C層の100℃でのTD方向の伸び率をβ2(%)としたときに、β1-β2が、-2.0%以上4.0%以下である、態様1に記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様3〉
前記C層が、無延伸の熱可塑性樹脂層又は二軸延伸された熱可塑性樹脂層を含む、態様1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様4〉
前記C層における前記B層からの剥離力が、10mN/25mm以上1,000mN/25mm以下である、態様1~3のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様5〉
前記C層の前記B層側の面に存在する、高さが5μm以上かつ面積が0.1mm2以上の突起状の欠点が、10個/m2以下である、態様1~4のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様6〉
前記C層の前記B層側の面の表面粗さ(Sa)が、150nm以下である、態様1~5のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様7〉
前記B層に含まれる(メタ)アクリレートの反応率が、2%以上50%以下である、態様1~6のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様8〉
前記C層は、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリプロピレン、及び変性ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の樹脂を含む、態様1~7のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様9〉
前記A層が、ポリカーボネート系樹脂を含む、態様1~8のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様10〉
前記A層は、ポリカーボネート系樹脂100質量部に対し、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマーを1~20質量部含有する、態様9に記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様11〉
前記A層及び前記B層の間に(メタ)アクリル系樹脂を含む層(D層)を有する、態様1~10のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シート。
〈態様12〉
態様1~11のいずれかに記載の熱成形用シートの前記A層における前記B層とは反対側の面に意匠層を有する、加飾シート。
本開示の熱成形用シートは、例えば、図1に示されるように、熱可塑性樹脂を含む層(101(A層))、(メタ)アクリレート系活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂組成物(組成物B)の未硬化物から形成された層(103(B層))、及びB層から剥離可能な層(105(C層))の少なくとも三層をこの順に含む。
本開示の熱成形用シートは、熱可塑性樹脂を含む層(A層)を含んでいる。かかる層は、単層であってもよく、或いは二層以上の積層構成であってもよい。A層が二層以上の構成の場合には、A層における各層を区別するために、A1層、A2層などと称することができる。
ηsp/c=[η]+0.45×[η]2c …式1
[η]=1.23×10-4 M0.83 …式2
(但し、c=0.7g/dL、[η]は極限粘度である。)
本開示の熱成形用シートのB層を構成する(メタ)アクリレート系活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂組成物(組成物B)の未硬化物は、(メタ)アクリレート又はウレタン(メタ)アクリレートなどの(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂を含有する。その含有量は、B層の全固形分中、70~95質量%の範囲にあることが好ましい。このような範囲であると、生産性に優れるとともに、塗膜の凝集力、耐薬品性、耐擦傷性、及び光学特性等の性能をより向上させることができる。なお、本開示において「未硬化」とは、完全硬化してない状態を意図し、硬化させていない状態の他、いくらか硬化させた状態である半硬化の概念も包含する。
本開示の熱成形用シートは、B層から剥離可能な層(C層:剥離可能層)を含む。C層は、シートの取り扱い時、熱処理時等においてB層を保護する性能を奏するため、保護層又は保護フィルムと称することもできる。B層、特に乾燥後のB層は、粘着性を呈しないため、C層はB層から剥がすことが可能な粘着層と、該粘着層を支持する支持層を備えることができる。C層はこれらの二層を包含し得るが、C層におけるこれらの層を区別するために、支持層をC1層、粘着層をC2層と称することもできる。C層は、B層に対して他の層を介して間接的に適用されてもよいが、剥離可能層の浮き部の抑制効果等の観点から、C層はB層に対して直接的に適用されていることが好ましい。
本開示の熱成形用シート及び該シートを用いて調製される加飾シートは、かかるシートを用いて、例えば、機能層、意匠層等を積層するときに、一般的には、20℃~100℃程度の温度に供され得る。したがって、かかるシートにおける各層の熱膨張は、100℃程度のときに最大となり得るため、本開示の熱成形用シート及び該シートを用いて調製される加飾シートは、剥離可能層(C層)の100℃でのMD方向(機械方向)の伸び率をβ1(%)、熱成形用シートからC層を剥離した積層体の100℃でのMD方向の伸び率をα1(%)としたときに、β1-α1が、-0.5%以上5.0%以下であることが必要である。β1-α1がこのような範囲であることによって、例えば、機能層、意匠層等を積層し、熱処理を施した場合において、剥離可能層の浮きの発生を低減又は抑制することができ、熱成形用シート又は加飾シートの取り扱い性及び熱成形性等を向上させることができる。β1-α1の範囲としては、-0.5%超、-0.4%以上、-0.3%以上、-0.2%以上、又は-0.1%以上、5.0%未満、4.5%以下、4.0%以下、3.5%以下、3.0%以下、又は2.5%以下であることがより好ましい。なお、本開示において、例えば、機能層、意匠層等を積層するときなどにおいて適用される温度は100℃を越える温度を除外するものではない。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の熱成形用シートは、剥離可能層(C層)の100℃でのTD方向(幅方向)の伸び率をβ2(%)、熱成形用シートからC層を剥離した積層体の100℃でのTD方向の伸び率をα2(%)としたときに、β2-α2が、-1.0%以上5.0%以下とすることができる。β2-α2がこのような範囲であると、熱成形時における剥離可能層の浮きの発生をより低減又は抑制することができ、熱成形用シート又は加飾シートの取り扱い性及び熱成形性等をより向上させることができる。β2-α2の範囲としては、-1.0%超、-0.8%以上、-0.5%以上、-0.4%以上、-0.3%以上、-0.2%以上、又は-0.1%以上、5.0%未満、4.5%以下、4.0%以下、3.5%以下、3.0%以下、又は2.5%以下であることがより好ましい。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の熱成形用シートは、上述したβ1及びβ2に関し、β1-β2が、-2.0%以上4.0%以下とすることができる。β1-β2がこのような範囲であると、剥離可能層(C層)の浮きをより低減又は抑制することができる。β1-β2の範囲としては、-1.8%以上、-1.5%以上、-1.3%以上、-1.0%以上、-0.8%以上、-0.5%以上、-0.4%以上、-0.3%以上、-0.2%以上、又は-0.1%以上、4.0%未満、3.5%以下、3.0%以下、2.5%以下、2.0%以下、1.5%以下、又は1.0%以下であることがより好ましい。
本開示の熱成形用シートは、本開示の効果に影響を及ぼさない範囲で、使用用途等に応じて、任意の層を一層以上さらに備えてもよい。任意の層としては、次のものに限定されないが、例えば、以下に示すような層を採用することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の熱成形用シートは、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂を含む層(D層)を備えることができる。D層は、上述したA層とB層との間に配置することが好ましい。D層を適用すると、厚みムラに伴う外観不良が発生しにくくなり、熱成形用シートの硬度及び耐擦傷性などの性能をより向上させることができる。D層は、単層であってもよく、或いは二層以上の積層構成であってもよい。D層が二層以上の構成の場合には、D層における各層を区別するために、D1層、D2層などと称することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示の熱成形用シートは、意匠層を備えることができる。意匠層は、熱成形用シートのいずれの箇所に適用してもよいが、図1に示されるような、熱成形用シート(100)のA層(101)におけるB層(103)とは反対側の面(107)に適用することが好ましい。熱成形して得られたシートは、典型的には、C層を剥がした状態で硬化させてB層を上面として使用される。したがって、意匠層が、A層におけるB層とは反対側の面に適用されると、少なくともB層及びA層によって意匠層を保護することができる。意匠層は、適用する面に対して全面に形成されてもよく、或いは部分的に形成されてもよい。なお、意匠層を備える熱成形用シートは、加飾シートと称することもできる。
任意の層として、この他に、帯電防止層、導電層、プライマー層、接着層などの任意の機能を付与し得る機能層を採用することもできる。
本開示の熱成形用シート又は加飾シートの厚みとしては特に制限はなく、各シートの使用用途等に応じて適宜設定することができる。例えば、取り扱い性、熱成形性、加飾成形性等の観点から、これらの厚みは、例えば、0.05mm以上3mm以下が好ましく、0.1mm以上2.5mm以下がより好ましく、0.15mm以上2mm以下がさらに好ましく、0.2mm以上1mm以下が特に好ましい。
本開示の熱成形用シートの製造方法としては特に制限はない。製造方法の一例を以下に示す。なお、本開示における各種の製造方法では、上述した材料を同様に使用することができる。
本開示の熱成形用シートは、上述したように、該シートに意匠層をさらに適用して加飾シートとして使用することができる。意匠層の形成方法としては特に制限はなく、例えば、印刷による図柄層等の形成、金属又は金属酸化物の薄膜層の形成等が挙げられ、これらを組み合わせて用いてもよい。なお、意匠層、機能層等を熱成形用シートに適用するときには、次の温度に限定されるものではないが、該シートは典型的には、20℃~100℃程度、或いは60~100℃程度の温度に供され得る。
本開示の熱成形用シート又は加飾シートを用いて、従来より公知の各種の成形法により成形体を製造することができる。
限定されるものではない。実施例、比較例で行った物性測定は以下の方法で行った。
〈各種物性の測定方法〉
(ガラス転移温度)
TA Instruments製 2920型DSCを使用し、昇温速度20℃/分で測定し、立ち下り点からガラス転移温度を求めた。
厚みは、アンリツ製の電子マイクロ膜厚計で測定したシート幅方向における中央部の値である。ここで、シート幅方向とは製膜時のシート流れ方向(MD方向)に対して垂直な方向を表す。
試料片からMD方向(機械方向)10mm、TD方向(幅方向)5mmのサンプルフィルム片を試料片の幅方向に5枚切り出し、これらを真空理工製TM-3000でMD方向に40mNの張力を付与し、窒素雰囲気下で10℃/分で昇温してMD方向の伸縮特性を測定し、100℃の温度下での伸び量をサンプル長で割り、100℃でのMD方向の伸び率(単位:%)とした。表中の伸び率は、5枚の伸び率の平均値である。なお、試料片としては、剥離可能層(C層)と、C層を適用する前のC層を含まない無延伸の積層体(A層及びB層からなる積層体、又はA層、B層及びD層からなる積層体)とを用いた。表には、剥離可能層(C層)のMD方向の伸び率をβ1として示し、積層体のMD方向の伸び率α1をとして示している。
試料片からTD方向10mm、MD方向5mmのサンプルフィルム片を試料片の幅方向に5枚切り出し、これらを真空理工製TM-3000でTD方向に40mNの張力を付与し、窒素雰囲気下で10℃/分で昇温してTD方向の伸縮特性を測定し、100℃の温度下での伸び量をサンプル長で割り、100℃でのTD方向の伸び率(単位:%)とした。表中の伸び率は、5枚の伸び率の平均値である。なお、試料片としては、剥離可能層(C層)と、C層を適用する前のC層を含まない無延伸の積層体(A層及びB層からなる積層体、又はA層、B層及びD層からなる積層体)とを用いた。表には、剥離可能層(C層)のTD方向の伸び率をβ2として示し、積層体のTD方向の伸び率をα2として示している。
熱成形用シートを25mm×200mmのサイズに切り出し、切り出した熱成形用シートのA層側を50mm幅×250mmの長さのSUS板に貼りつけ、かかるSUS板を引っ張り試験機(東洋ボールドウィン社製、商品名「テンシロン(商標)」)に固定し、C層を180゜の角度で剥離速度300mm/分にて剥離し、その荷重を測定した。この測定を5回行い、その平均値をもって剥離力(単位:mN/25mm)とした。
キーエンス製VK-9710レーザー顕微鏡にて、表面粗さ(Sa:算術平均高さ)を測定した。この測定を5回行い、その平均値をもって表面粗さ(単位:nm)とした。
C層のB層適用面側にアルミニウムを真空蒸着した。これをキーエンス製VK-9710レーザー顕微鏡で観察し、高さが5μm以上かつ面積が0.1mm2以上の突起状の欠点の数を数えた。微小突起の発生頻度を1mあたりの数で表示した。この測定を5回行い、その平均値を表中に記載している。
熱風乾燥機を用いて、未硬化の熱成形用シートを100℃で60分間加熱し、C層側からシートを視認し、C層がB層から剥がれてC層の浮きが生じているかを目視で観察し、下記の指標で評価した:
A:C層の浮きが見られなかった。
B:C層の浮きが僅かに見られた。
C:C層の浮きが明らかに見られた。
熱成形用シートから保護層であるC層を剥離した後に、二軸延伸試験装置(東洋精機社製)を用いて、150℃の温度で1分間予熱した後、同温度にて、延伸倍率1.3倍に延伸したときのシート外観を下記の指標で評価した:
A:クラック及び白濁が認められない。
B:弱いクラック又は若干の白濁が認められる。
C:クラック又は白濁が認められる。
熱成形用シートを用いて成形加工を行うときのシートの取り扱い性について下記の指標で評価した:
A:べたつきが認められず、取り扱い時にC層が自然に剥離せず、C層が容易に剥離可能である。
B:べたつきが若干認められる、又は取り扱い時にC層の端面が自然に剥離する、あるいはC層が容易に剥離できない。
C:べたつきが認められる、又は取り扱い時にC層が自然に剥離する、あるいはC層の剥離が困難である。
熱成形用シートから保護層であるC層を剥離した後に、二軸延伸試験装置(東洋精機社製)を用いて、150℃の温度で1分間予熱した後、同温度にて、延伸倍率1.3倍に延伸し、B層側から積算光量2,000mJ/cm2にて紫外線照射してB層を硬化した。シート表面、すなわち硬化したB層表面の外観を下記の指標で評価した:
A:キズ、シワ、凹凸等の欠陥が見られなかった。
B:キズ、シワ、凹凸等の欠陥が僅かに見られた。
C:キズ、シワ、凹凸等の欠陥がいくらか見られた。
D:キズ、シワ、凹凸等の欠陥が明らかに見られた。
日本電色工業製のNDH-2000(D65光源)を用いてヘイズ値を測定した。この測定を5回行い、その平均値をもってヘイズ値(単位:%)とした。
上述した(成形品の表面外観)の評価で作製したシートにおける硬化したB層の鉛筆硬度を、JIS K5600-5-4-1999に準拠して測定した。
イソフタル酸ジメチル100質量部に対して、セバシン酸ジメチル13質量部、ヘキサメチレングリコール80質量部をジブチル錫ジアセテート触媒でエステル交換反応後、減圧下で重縮合して、固有粘度が1.06であり、DSC法による測定で結晶の融解に起因する吸熱ピークを示さない非晶性のポリエステル(ソフトセグメント)を得た。上記ポリエステル100質量部に対して、固有粘度0.98のポリブチレンテレフタレートのペレット(ハードセグメント)を32質量部添加し、更に240℃で45分反応させたのち、フェニルホスホン酸を0.03質量部添加して反応を停止させた。得られた重合体の融点は190℃、固有粘度は0.93であった。
(成形材料A)
ポリカーボネート樹脂ペレット(帝人製パンライトL1250WP(ビスフェノールAのホモポリカーボネート樹脂(PC-A、粘度平均分子量23,900)、及び上記の調製例1にて得た熱可塑性エラストマーを、それぞれ事前に予備乾燥し、ポリカーボネート樹脂ペレット100質量部に対して熱可塑性エラストマー10質量部となるようにV型ブレンダーで混合した後、2軸押出機を用いてシリンダー温度260℃で押出してペレット化し、A層用の成形材料Aを得た。成形材料Aのガラス転移温度は120℃であった。
D層用の成形材料Dとしてアクリル樹脂(三菱レイヨン製Acrypet VH-001、メタクリル酸メチル95モル%とアクリル酸メチル5モル%を共重合したアクリル樹脂)を用意した。
成形材料Aと成形材料Dを、それぞれスクリュー径40mmの単軸押出機を用いて、シリンダー温度260℃(成形材料A)、250℃(成形材料D)、スクリュー回転数109rpm(成形材料A)、11rpm(成形材料D)の条件で、フィードブロック方式にて650mm幅のTダイから押出し、溶融樹脂を金属ロールと金属スリーブロールで狭圧して冷却した後、エッジトリミングして巻取速度10.3m/minで巻き取り、A層/D層の2層構造(A層約200μm、D層約100μm)を有する幅約400mm、厚さ約0.3mmの積層シートを作製した。
B層を形成する塗料として、ウレタンアクリレート系紫外線硬化性樹脂「フォルシード(商標)No.371C(商品名)」(固形分40%、中国塗料製)100質量部、イルガキュア(商標)184(光重合開始剤、チバスペシャリティーケミカル製)5質量部、ヒンダードアミン系化合物TINUVIN(商標)292(商品名)」(BASF製)3質量部をメチルイソブチルケトンで紫外線硬化性樹脂の塗料中の固形分濃度が30%となるまで希釈し十分攪拌して塗料を調製した。
A層とD層の積層シートのD層側に、上記B層を形成する塗料を、バーコーター(#8)を用いて塗工し、100℃の乾燥炉で5分間熱風乾燥させ、塗膜厚み5μmのB層を形成した。この際のアクリレートの反応率は5%であった。さらに、B層上に保護フィルム(C層)を配置し、ニップロールで挟圧し、厚み約0.37mmの熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表1~3に示した。なお、保護フィルム(C層)は、ポリカーボネート製の支持層にアクリル系粘着剤層が適用された総厚約70μmのフィルムである帝人製のPCLRを使用した。また、各表の保護フィルム(C層)の樹脂種及び粘着種に記載した、PCはポリカーボネート、PPはポリプロピレン、POはポリオレフィン、PEはポリエチレン、及びPETはポリエチレンテレフタレートを意味する。
(塗工)工程において、保護フィルム(C層)を表1に示すフィルムに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表1に示した。なお、各表の保護フィルム(C層)として記載した、FSA-010Cはフタムラ化学製、MX157Nは日本マタイ製、A-1、SPV-TP-4030、SPV-V420、B-2及びSPV-C6010は日東電工製、FM-325は大王製紙製、R415A及び7H52は東レ製、UM1010はトレデガー製、並びにJA13K、NSA22Tはサンエー化研製のフィルムである。
(成形材料A)において、調製例1にて得た熱可塑性エラストマーを配合しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表2に示した。
(共押出)工程において、成形材料Dを使用しなかったこと、すなわち、A層からなる単層構造(A層300μm)を有する幅400mmの単層シートを作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表2に示した。
(塗工)工程において、80℃の乾燥炉で1分間熱風乾燥させ、アクリレートの反応率が1%になるようにB層を半硬化させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表2に示した。
(塗工)工程において、B層側から積算光量50mJ/cm2にて紫外線照射してアクリレートの反応率が30%になるようにB層を半硬化させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表2に示した。
(塗工)工程において、保護フィルム(C層)を使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表3に示した。
(塗工)工程において、B層側から積算光量2,000mJ/cm2にて紫外線照射してアクリレートの反応率が70%になるようにB層を硬化させたこと、及び(塗工)工程において、保護フィルム(C層)を表3に示すフィルムに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表3に示した。
(塗工)工程において、80℃の乾燥炉で5分間熱風乾燥させ、アクリレートの反応率が3%になるようにB層を半硬化させたこと、及び及び(塗工)工程において、保護フィルム(C層)を表3に示すフィルムに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱成形用シートを作製した。各種評価結果を表3に示した。
101 熱可塑性樹脂を含む層(A層)
103 (メタ)アクリレート系活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂組成物(組成物B)
の未硬化物から形成された層(B層)
105 B層から剥離可能な層(C層)
107 A層におけるB層とは反対側の面
109 C層のB層側の面
Claims (12)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含む層(A層)、
(メタ)アクリレート系活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂組成物(組成物B)の未硬化物から形成された層(B層)、及び
前記B層から剥離可能な層(C層)の少なくとも三層をこの順に積層してなる熱成形用シートであって、
前記C層の100℃でのMD方向の伸び率をβ1(%)、前記熱成形用シートから前記C層を剥離した積層体の100℃でのMD方向の伸び率をα1(%)としたときに、β1-α1が、-0.5%以上5.0%以下である、
熱成形用シート。 - 前記C層の100℃でのTD方向の伸び率をβ2(%)としたときに、β1-β2が、-2.0%以上4.0%以下である、請求項1に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記C層が、無延伸の熱可塑性樹脂層又は二軸延伸された熱可塑性樹脂層を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記C層における前記B層からの剥離力が、10mN/25mm以上1,000mN/25mm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記C層の前記B層側の面に存在する、高さが5μm以上かつ面積が0.1mm2以上の突起状の欠点が、10個/m2以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記C層の前記B層側の面の表面粗さ(Sa)が、150nm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記B層に含まれる(メタ)アクリレートの反応率が、2%以上50%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記C層は、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリプロピレン、及び変性ポリオレフィン系樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の樹脂を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記A層が、ポリカーボネート系樹脂を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記A層は、ポリカーボネート系樹脂100質量部に対し、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマーを1~20質量部含有する、請求項9に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 前記A層及び前記B層の間に(メタ)アクリル系樹脂を含む層(D層)を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シート。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の熱成形用シートの前記A層における前記B層とは反対側の面に意匠層を有する、加飾シート。
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