WO2024111849A1 - 위성 통신을 지원하는 통신 시스템에서 빔 선택을 수행하는 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
위성 통신을 지원하는 통신 시스템에서 빔 선택을 수행하는 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024111849A1 WO2024111849A1 PCT/KR2023/014557 KR2023014557W WO2024111849A1 WO 2024111849 A1 WO2024111849 A1 WO 2024111849A1 KR 2023014557 W KR2023014557 W KR 2023014557W WO 2024111849 A1 WO2024111849 A1 WO 2024111849A1
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- elevation angle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/204—Multiple access
- H04B7/2041—Spot beam multiple access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
- H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/20—Selecting an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to communication systems, and particularly to an apparatus and method for beam design and beam selection in a communication system supporting satellite communication.
- LTE long term evolution
- 5G 5th generation
- 6G 6th generation
- LEO Low earth orbit
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for selecting a beam in a communication system supporting satellite communication.
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for selecting a serving beam among beams provided by a satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication.
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for selecting a beam in consideration of the effective coverage size in a communication system supporting satellite communication.
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for determining the effective coverage size of a beam in a communication system supporting satellite communication.
- the present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for obtaining information necessary to determine the effective coverage size of a beam in a communication system supporting satellite communication.
- a method of performing beam selection of a terminal in a communication system supporting satellite communication includes first information about an elevation angle for supporting satellite communication and second information about the center of the beam. Receiving, determining coverage of the beam based on the first information and the second information, determining the distance between the terminal and the center of the beam based on the second information, coverage of the beam And based on the distance, it may include selecting a serving beam for the terminal.
- the first information and the second information are received through system information
- the system information includes a carrier frequency, subcarrier spacing, and minimum altitude to support satellite communication for the terminal. It may further include at least one of elevation angle, maximum elevation angle, preamble information, altitude of the satellite, and center position of the beam.
- the second information includes information about the center position of the beam transmitted by the satellite, and the first information has a different value depending on the movement of the satellite, and the serving The beam may be determined by considering the coverage of beams having different sizes depending on the elevation angle.
- each of the carrier frequency and the subcarrier spacing varies depending on the frequency range (FR) set in the terminal, and the subcarrier spacing supported in FR1 is 15, 30, and 60 kHz.
- the subcarrier spacing supported in FR2 is 60 kHz and 120 kHz, and the serving beam can be determined by considering the coverage of beams of different sizes depending on the frequency band set for the terminal.
- the coverage of the beam varies depending on the subcarrier spacing set for the terminal, the frequency band, and the elevation angle according to the movement of the satellite, and the coverage of the beam is determined by the subcarrier spacing being N changes by 1/2 as the frequency band increases from M to 2N, and the coverage of the beam changes by 1/5 as the frequency band increases from M to 2M, and the serving beam changes in altitude according to the movement of the satellite. It can be selected considering the angle.
- the coverage of the beam may be determined based on the change characteristics of the residual Doppler value remaining after compensation based on the beam center, depending on the distance from the center of the beam.
- determining the size of the coverage of the beam includes determining a maximum residual Doppler value based on the orbit or altitude of the satellite and the carrier frequency of the signal transmitted through the beam, It may include determining the size of the coverage based on the maximum residual Doppler value and the subcarrier spacing of the signal.
- the steps of confirming a parameter indicating the subcarrier spacing included in a master information block (MIB) transmitted from the satellite, and confirming the subcarrier spacing based on the parameter are further included. It can be included.
- MIB master information block
- the step of checking the subcarrier spacing may include interpreting the parameter indicating the subcarrier spacing based on the frequency range (FR) to which the frequency at which the parameter was received belongs. .
- the step of checking a parameter indicating the carrier frequency included in system information related to the satellite may be further included.
- the method may further include estimating the location of the center of the beam or the distance between the terminal and the center of the beam based on information obtained through system information.
- the method may further include confirming information about the location of the center of the beam included in a system information block (SIB) including auxiliary information for NTN connection.
- SIB system information block
- selecting the serving beam includes selecting a beam carrying the first information and the second information as the serving beam if the distance is less than or equal to the size of the coverage. can do.
- determining the coverage of the beam includes determining a first beam size considering differential delay based on a first information set obtained based on system information, determining a second beam size considering compensation for Doppler shift based on a second information set obtained based on the second information set, and determining a second beam size in the satellite based on a smaller beam size among the first beam size and the first beam size. It may include the step of determining the size of the coverage of the beam to be used.
- the first information set includes at least one of a minimum elevation angle, preamble information, subcarrier spacing, and altitude of the satellite
- the second information set is transmitted through the beam. It may include at least one of the carrier frequency of the signal, the subcarrier spacing, the maximum elevation angle, and the altitude of the satellite.
- the differential delay may be limited based on at least one of a maximum random access distance and a maximum timing advance distance.
- the first beam size may be determined based on the maximum random access distance calculated using random access preamble information.
- the first information set includes a minimum elevation angle
- the minimum elevation angle may include a predefined value
- the second information set includes a maximum elevation angle
- the maximum elevation angle may be included in a SIB including auxiliary information for NTN connection.
- a terminal in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and at least one processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the at least one processor provides a control signal for an altitude angle to support the satellite communication.
- 1 information and second information about the center of the beam determine coverage of the beam based on the first information and the second information, and determine the distance between the terminal and the center of the beam based on the second information. can be determined and controlled to select a serving beam for the terminal based on the coverage of the beam and the distance.
- Beams can be selected effectively in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system using satellites.
- NTN non-terrestrial network
- the serving cell and the serving beam are selected by considering the effective beam and beam size based on information about the reference position of the cell, which is a characteristic of the conventional non-terrestrial wireless access environment. It has the advantage of selecting the optimal serving cell and serving beam considering the long delay time, variable delay time, and large Doppler effect due to satellite movement.
- By selecting the optimal cell and beam it provides the advantage of providing continuous service support.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 2 shows another example of a system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 3 shows the configuration of a device in a system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 4A and 4B illustrate fixed beam cells and moving beam cells provided by a satellite in a system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 5 shows the results of a simulation experiment on Doppler shift that may occur for each carrier frequency in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the concept of pre-compensation for Doppler shift in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 7A to 7D show changes in residual Doppler shift depending on the distance from the beam center in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 8 shows the change in bit error rate (BER) according to the distance from the beam center in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 9 shows the difference in residual Doppler shift according to location within coverage in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 10 shows a comparison of patterns of Doppler shift at the beam center and beam boundary in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 11 shows the residual Doppler shift for each carrier frequency of the satellite occurring at the edge of the beam located in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 12 shows the maximum residual Doppler shift depending on the distance from the beam center in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 13 shows the semi-major axis of effective beam coverage according to carrier frequency and SCS in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 14 shows a change in altitude angle according to the movement of a satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 15 shows the change in Doppler shift for each distance from the beam center to the beam edge according to the movement of the satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 16 shows the change in residual Doppler shift according to the distance from the beam center to the edge of the beam as the satellite moves in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 17 shows an initial access procedure in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of a beam selection procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 19 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining information for beam selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 20 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining subcarrier spacing information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 21 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining beam center position information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 22a to 22c show simulation results for the semimajor axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 23A illustrates the concept of differential delay in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 23b shows the format of a random access preamble in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 24a and 24b show the maximum random access distance for each preamble format in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 25 shows the uplink and downlink timing relationship in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 26 shows the beam radius of a satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 27a and 27b show simulation results for beam size according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 28a and 28b show simulation results for beam size according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 29 is a conceptual diagram for determining the upper limit of the final beam size in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 30A to 30D show simulation results for the semimajor axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 31 shows an example of a beam selection procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 32 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining a minimum elevation angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 33 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining the maximum elevation angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- LEO low earth orbit
- NTN Non-Terrestrial Network
- this disclosure analyzes the characteristics of the Doppler shift in a low-orbit satellite network when applying a compensation scenario, and provides a cell management technology for the low-orbit satellite network to overcome the Doppler shift by considering the analyzed Doppler shift and NR characteristics. I suggest. Specifically, the present disclosure describes various embodiments for determining and controlling the size of a beam for providing a cell of a low-orbit satellite network and signaling related information.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a network supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the satellite network includes a terminal 110, satellites 120-1 and 120-2, and a gateway 130.
- the terminal 110 is a user device and may be mobile or a fixed device.
- the terminal 110 can support variable service bands and operation information depending on the capabilities of the terminal 110 and application operation. Additionally, the terminal 110 may be operated in a fixed form, a form specialized for mobility, or various forms depending on the characteristics of the terminal 110.
- the terminal 110 may be referred to as ‘user equipment (UE).’
- the satellites 120-1 and 120-2 fly/operate in a given orbit and form a beam toward the ground to provide a cell with a certain size of coverage.
- the gateway 130 provides the satellites 120-1 and 120-2 with a link to access the network.
- the link between the terminal 110 and the satellite 120-1 is called a service link
- the link between the satellites 120-1 and 120-2 and the gateway 130 is a feeder link.
- the link may be a link based on the NR standard.
- a newly defined link may be adaptively applied in an evolved next-generation wireless communication system, or a link based on various interfaces of a communication system introduced due to industrial needs rather than the NR standard may be applied.
- an inter-satellite link can be used primarily for regenerative satellites.
- the satellite radio interface of the feeder link and service link may be NR-Uu.
- the satellite performs radio frequency filtering and frequency conversion and amplification functions.
- functions are built on board the satellite, whereby the satellite can perform some or all of the base station functions, such as switching and routing, coding and modulation, and decoding and demodulation, as well as radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification. It can be done.
- FIG. 2 shows another example of a network system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an NTN that provides non-terrestrial connectivity to a terminal 210 using an NTN payload 220 and an NTN gateway 230.
- the link between the NTN payload 220 and the terminal 210 is a service link and may be based on the Uu interface.
- the link between NTN payload 220 and NTN gateway 230 is a feeder link.
- the link between NTN gateway 230 and AMF/UPF 240 may be based on an NG interface.
- the NTN payload 220 can transparently forward the wireless protocol received from the terminal 210 through the service link to the NTN gateway 230.
- the NTN payload 220 can transparently forward the wireless protocol received from the NTN gateway 230 to the terminal 210 through a feeder link.
- NTN payload 220 may be supported by the NTN payload 220.
- a base station can serve multiple NTN payloads.
- NTN payload may be serviced by multiple base stations.
- NTN payload 220 may change the carrier frequency before retransmitting data on the service link. That is, the NTN payload 220 may use different carrier frequencies in the service link and feed link.
- AMF name NCGI (NR cell global identifier), CgNB ID (identifier), global gNB ID, TAI (tracking area identity), S-NSSAI ( At least one of Single Network Slice Selection Assistance information), Network Slice AS Group (NSAG), Network Identifier (NID), Closed Access Group (CAG) ID, and Local NG-RAN node ID (Identifier) may be used
- NSAG Network Identifier
- CAG Network Identifier
- Identifier Local NG-RAN node ID
- Mapped Cell ID may be further used.
- the tracking area may correspond to a fixed geographical area.
- Non-Geosynchronous orbit includes low earth orbit at an altitude of about 300 km to 1500 km and medium earth orbit at an altitude of about 7000 km to 25000 km.
- Service links can be classified into the following three types: earth-fixed type, quasi-earth-fixed type, and earth-moving type.
- the earth-fixed type provides beam(s) that continuously cover the same geographic area at all times.
- a satellite with a geosynchronous orbit GSO
- the quasi-global-fixed type provides beam(s) that continuously cover the same geographical area for a limited period of time, and beams that cover different geographical areas for different periods of time. do.
- a satellite with a non-geosynchronous orbit could provide a quasi-geo-fixed type of service link using steerable beams.
- the Earth-Moving type provides beams whose coverage area slides over the Earth's surface.
- a satellite with a non-geosynchronous orbit could provide a geo-mobile type service link using fixed or steerable beams.
- a base station can provide quasi-Earth-stationary cell coverage or geo-mobile cell coverage.
- base stations can provide geo-fixed cell coverage.
- a switch in the service link may refer to a change in the serving satellite.
- Pre-compensation by the terminal can be performed as follows.
- the network may broadcast common TA parameters and ephemeris information.
- the common TA refers to the offset corresponding to the RTT between the NTN payload and the reference point (RP).
- the terminal will have information about the satellite orbit and common TA, and will also have a valid GNSS location.
- the terminal calculates the round trip time (RTT) of the service link based on the GNSS position and satellite orbit, and calculates the frame time difference between downlink and uplink ( Example: T TA ) can be pre-compensated.
- RTT round trip time
- the terminal can calculate the frequency Doppler shift considering the terminal's location and satellite orbit. If the terminal does not have a valid GNSS position and/or a valid satellite orbit, the terminal will not be able to communicate with the network until it obtains a valid GNSS position and a valid satellite orbit. In connected mode, the terminal can continuously update TA and frequency pre-compensation. The terminal can be configured to report TA during the random access procedure or in connected mode. In connected mode, event-triggered TA reporting may be supported.
- O&M operations and maintenance requirements are as follows.
- the following NTN-related parameters may be provided by O&M to the base station providing non-terrestrial connectivity.
- orbital information depicting coordinates or orbital trajectory information of an NTN satellite may be provided.
- Orbit information may be provided upon request from the base station or may be provided on a regular basis.
- formats of orbital information two different sets may be supported. The first set contains satellite position and velocity state vectors, i.e., position and velocity.
- the second set includes semi-major axis, eccentricity, argument of periapsis, longitude of ascending node, inclination, and mean anomaly at epoch time to ) may include at least one of Additionally, additional degrees may be provided to enable location information of NTN gateways and base station operation for feeder/service link switches.
- Information related to the orbit of the satellite and the location of the NTN gateway may be used for at least one of uplink timing and frequency synchronization. Additionally, information related to the orbit of the satellite and the location of the NTN gateway can also be used for mobility management purposes and random access.
- NTN-related parameters provided to the base station by O&M may depend on the type of service link supported (e.g., geo-fixed beam, quasi-geo-fixed beam, mobile beam, etc.).
- Figure 3 shows the configuration of a device in a system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the device of FIG. 3 may be understood as a partial structure of any one of the devices described with reference to FIG. 1, for example, the terminal 110, the satellites 120-1 and 120-2, and the gateway 130. there is.
- the device may include a processor 310, a communication unit 320, and a memory 330.
- the processor 310 can control the overall functions and operations of the device.
- Processor 310 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit, and/or data processing device.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the communication unit 320 is connected to the processor 310 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
- the communication unit 320 may include a baseband circuit for processing wireless signals.
- the communication unit 320 may include a short-range communication unit, a mobile communication unit, and a broadcast reception unit.
- the communication unit 320 may transmit and receive data with other devices, such as base stations, satellites, etc.
- the memory 330 is hardware that stores various data processed by the processor 310.
- the memory 330 contains the SIR value for the transmission target terminal of the transmitting terminal and information about the transmission target terminal group for each transmitting terminal. etc. can be stored. Additionally, the memory 330 may store applications, drivers, etc. to be run by the processor 310.
- the memory 330 includes random access memory (RAM) such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), CD- It may include ROM, Blu-ray or other optical disk storage, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), or flash memory.
- RAM random access memory
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- SRAM static random access memory
- ROM read-only memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
- CD- It may include ROM, Blu-ray or other optical disk storage, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid
- the structure of FIG. 3 can be understood as at least part of a terminal, base station, satellite, and gateway. If the structure of FIG. 3 is part of a satellite, the satellite may further include other hardware devices necessary for orbital flight in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3. If the structure of FIG. 3 is part of a gateway or base station, the gateway or base station may further include components supporting wired communication, etc.
- the processor 310 described with reference to FIG. 3 controls the communication unit 320 and the memory 330, thereby controlling the device to perform operations according to various embodiments described later.
- the processor 310 receives first information about the elevation angle and second information about the center of the beam to support satellite communication, and determines coverage of the beam based on the first information and the second information. , determine the distance between the terminal and the center of the beam based on the second information, and select a serving beam for the terminal based on the coverage and distance of the beam.
- the first information and the second information are received through system information, and the system information includes carrier frequency, subcarrier spacing, minimum elevation angle, and maximum elevation angle to support satellite communication for the terminal. , may further include at least one of preamble information, satellite altitude, and beam center position.
- the second information includes information about the center position of the beam transmitted by the satellite, the first information has different values depending on the movement of the satellite, and the serving beam provides coverage of beams with different sizes depending on the altitude angle. It can be decided by taking into account.
- the carrier frequency and subcarrier spacing each vary depending on the frequency range (FR) set in the terminal, and the subcarrier spacing supported in FR1 is 15, 30, and 60 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing supported in FR2 The spacing is 60 kHz and 120 kHz, and the serving beam can be determined by considering the coverage of beams of different sizes depending on the frequency band set in the terminal.
- the coverage of the beam varies depending on the subcarrier spacing set for the terminal, the frequency band, and the elevation angle according to the movement of the satellite, and the coverage of the beam is reduced by 1/2 as the subcarrier spacing increases from N to 2N. changes, and the beam coverage can vary by 1/5 the size as the frequency band increases from M to 2M. Additionally, the serving beam may be selected taking into account the altitude angle according to the movement of the satellite.
- FIG. 4A and 4B illustrate fixed beam cells and moving beam cells provided by a satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 4a illustrates a fixed beam cell
- Figure 4b illustrates a moving beam cell.
- FIG. 4A when a fixed beam cell is provided, even if the satellite 420 moves, the position and size of the beam coverage formed on the ground may not substantially change.
- FIG. 4B when a moving beam cell is provided, as the satellite 420 moves, the position of the beam coverage formed on the ground may move together.
- Figure 5 shows the results of a simulation experiment on Doppler shift that may occur for each carrier frequency in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 5 shows the Doppler shift between a terminal located on the ground and a satellite providing coverage on the ground for each carrier frequency.
- the satellite is set to fly at an altitude of 600 km, and the frequency is selected within the range of FR1 (frequency range 1).
- the satellite is closest to the center of the beam at approximately 780 seconds. Being located closest to the center of the beam can be understood as the state in which the elevation angle of the beam direction with respect to the ground is closest to a right angle.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the concept of pre-compensation for Doppler shift in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a satellite 620 forms beam coverage on the ground, and a terminal 610 is located within the beam coverage.
- the low-orbit satellite 620 receives reference time information from multiple GNSS satellites and calculates the position of the low-orbit satellite itself and the beam center. The low-orbit satellite can then calculate and compensate the Doppler shift for the beam center 602 and then transmit the compensated signal. If the terminal 610 is not located at the center of the beam, a difference may occur between the actual Doppler shift and the compensated Doppler shift.
- the difference between the actual Doppler shift and the compensated Doppler shift is referred to as residual Doppler shift (RDS), residual Doppler shift. value, differential Doppler, etc.
- RDS residual Doppler shift
- the terminal 610 can calculate and compensate for the RDS.
- the satellite 620 has the advantage of not having to compensate for the Doppler shift for all terminals located at different points within the beam coverage. Additionally, because the RDS is very small compared to the Doppler shift, measuring and compensating for it is not a significant burden on the terminal 610.
- the beam center 602 refers to a point where the central axis of a beam radiating toward the ground contacts the ground. Therefore, the beam center 602 can be understood as the center of coverage.
- the beam center may be referred to as 'coverage center', 'cell center', or other terms having equivalent technical meaning.
- the beam center according to the present invention may be referred to as a reference location that defines the cell center.
- various embodiments related to beam center information will be described in more detail below.
- the characteristics of the Doppler shift and residual Doppler shift may vary depending on frequency and location within coverage.
- the presence of Doppler shift and residual Doppler shift affects communication performance.
- communication performance can be measured by bit error rate (BER), and the relationship between BER and Doppler frequency can be explained as follows.
- BER bit error rate
- FIG. 7A to 7D illustrate changes in residual Doppler shift (RDS) with respect to distance from the beam center in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- RDS residual Doppler shift
- FIGS. 7A and 7B when the satellite moves at an altitude of 550 km, FIGS. 7C and 7D show the RDS change when the satellite moves at an altitude of 450 km.
- Figures 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d all show experimental results when the center frequencies are 2 and 20 GHz. Referring to FIGS. 7A to 7D, it can be seen that the absolute value of RDS gradually increases as the distance from the center of the beam increases.
- Figure 8 shows the change in BER according to the distance from the beam center in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 8 shows the change in BER according to the distance from the beam center for various subcarrier spacing (SCS).
- SCS subcarrier spacing
- the beam size can be variably controlled depending on the satellite network environment. That is, according to various embodiments, the beam size can be adjusted according to the carrier frequency and SCS. Alternatively, in a situation where the carrier frequency and SCS are determined, the beam size may be determined based on the given carrier frequency and SCS.
- Figure 9 shows the difference in residual Doppler shift (RDS) according to location within coverage in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- satellite 920 moves to the right, forming beam coverage on the ground.
- beam coverage comparing three points: beam center 902, vertical beam edge 904, and horizontal beam edge 906, at beam center 902
- the RDS at is the smallest, and the RDS at the horizontal beam boundary 906 is the largest.
- the RDS at the vertical beam boundary 904 is greater than the beam center 902 and less than the horizontal beam boundary 906. Therefore, the characteristics of RDS experienced by the terminal may vary depending on the location of the terminal within the coverage.
- Figure 10 shows a comparison of patterns of Doppler shift at the beam center and beam boundary in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 10 shows Doppler shift patterns according to satellite movement at each of the beam center, horizontal beam boundary, and vertical beam boundary.
- the difference between the three Doppler shift patterns can be understood as a difference in RDS.
- the Doppler shift pattern at the beam center Based on the Doppler shift pattern at the beam center, the Doppler shift pattern at the horizontal beam boundary has a larger difference than that at the vertical beam boundary. This occurs because the timing at which the altitude angle for the satellite at each point is maximized is different.
- FIG. 11 shows the residual Doppler shift for each carrier frequency of a satellite occurring at the edge of a beam located in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the satellite in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 11 shows RDS patterns according to satellite movement at the horizontal beam boundary and vertical beam boundary. Referring to FIG. 11, it is confirmed that the size of RDS at the horizontal beam boundary is larger than the size of RDS at the vertical beam boundary.
- Figure 12 shows the maximum residual Doppler shift (RDS) according to the distance from the beam center in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 12 shows the maximum residual Doppler shift as a function of distance from the beam center plotted by linear regression. Referring to FIG. 12, the maximum RDS has a linear distribution over distance regardless of the carrier frequency. This shows the possibility of estimating RDS based on the distance from the beam center, based on a linear relationship.
- RDS Doppler shift
- Figure 13 shows the semi-major axis of effective beam coverage according to carrier frequency and SCS in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the beam size can be variably controlled depending on the satellite network environment. That is, according to various embodiments, the beam size can be adjusted according to the carrier frequency and SCS. Alternatively, in a situation where the carrier frequency and SCS are determined, the beam size may be determined based on the given carrier frequency and SCS.
- carrier frequency and SCS affect the beam size or amount of coverage at which BER is maintained below a certain level.
- the satellite may signal information related to the carrier frequency and/or SCS and beam size or coverage size to a terminal trying to access the satellite or a terminal being connected.
- specific formats and values of information related to carrier frequency and/or SCS and beam size or coverage size may be defined in various ways.
- the timing at which information related to the carrier frequency and/or SCS and beam size or coverage size is transmitted may also be defined in various ways.
- the amount of beam coverage provided by a beam transmitted from a satellite may vary depending on the elevation angle of the beam center within coverage relative to the satellite. In general, when the elevation angle is maximum, the size of the beam coverage is smallest, and as the elevation angle increases, the size of the beam coverage also increases.
- Figure 14 shows a change in altitude angle according to the movement of a satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the elevation angle of the satellite at the center of the beam within coverage changes.
- the Doppler shift and RDS are shown in Figures 15 and 16 below.
- Figure 15 shows the change in Doppler shift for each distance from the beam center to the beam edge according to the movement of the satellite in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 15 shows the change in Doppler shift observed in the same situation when the change in altitude angle due to movement of the satellite is the same as in Figure 14. Referring to Figure 15, it can be seen that the slope change varies depending on the distance from the beam center. In addition, it is confirmed that the absolute value of the Doppler shift at the point where the altitude angle at each point is the largest is minimum, and that the absolute value of the Doppler shift increases as the altitude angle decreases as the satellite moves.
- Figure 16 shows the change in residual Doppler shift according to the distance from the beam center to the edge of the beam as the satellite moves in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 16 shows the change in RDS observed in the same situation when the change in altitude angle due to the movement of the satellite is the same as in Figure 14. Referring to FIG. 16, it is confirmed that the maximum value varies depending on the distance from the beam center. In addition, it is confirmed that the RDS is maximum at the point where the altitude angle at each point is the largest, and that the RDS decreases as the altitude angle decreases as the satellite moves.
- Carrier frequency SCS elevation angle changes from 60 to 120Hz Reliable beam size 20 GHz 43 100 ⁇ 60km 25 GHz 39 100 ⁇ 50km 30 GHz 36 100 ⁇ 40km 35 GHz 34 100 ⁇ 30km 40 GHz 31 100 ⁇ 30km 45 GHz 29.9 100 ⁇ 30km 50 GHz 28.5 100 ⁇ 20km 55 GHz 27.2 100 ⁇ 20km
- the satellite may signal information related to the altitude angle and/or SCS and beam size or coverage size to a terminal trying to access the satellite or a terminal being connected.
- specific formats and values of information related to elevation angle and/or SCS and beam size or coverage size may be defined in various ways.
- the timing at which information related to the elevation angle and/or SCS and beam size or coverage size is transmitted may also be defined in various ways. That is, according to one embodiment, coverage may be determined or calculated based on the elevation angle. there is.
- the elevation angle may be determined based on the reference location of the cell (eg, the center of the cell). In other words, the coverage provided by the satellite is elevation-dependent coverage, and the elevation-angle-dependent coverage can be calculated based on at least one of the elevation angle and the center position (can be formulated) ).
- the size of coverage (hereinafter referred to as ‘effective Coverage size' or 'beam size') may vary.
- Information about the effective coverage size can be used in various ways.
- the effective coverage size can be used for cell selection of the terminal. Below, various embodiments of selecting cells based on effective coverage size are described.
- Figure 17 shows an initial access procedure in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 17 illustrates the signaling procedure between the terminal 1710 and the base station 1720.
- the base station 1720 transmits SSBs through beam sweeping.
- Each of the SSBs may include PSS/SSS and PBCH.
- PSS/SSS is a signal that has one of pre-arranged sequences for synchronization
- PBCH includes a master information block (MIB).
- MIB master information block
- step S1703 the base station 1720 transmits remaining minimum system information (RMI) and other system information (OSI).
- RMI and OSI are system information other than MIB.
- RMI is system information transmitted without a request from the terminal 1710
- OSI is system information transmitted upon request according to an on-demand method of the terminal 1710. Contains information. That is, although not shown in FIG. 17, a request from the terminal 1710 may be transmitted to the base station 1720 prior to transmitting the OSI.
- Steps S1701 and S1703 may be performed repeatedly through beam sweeping, and at this time, the terminal 1710 may perform beam selection.
- step S1705 the terminal 1710 transmits a random access preamble based on the system information received in step S1703.
- the base station 1720 transmits a random access response (RAR) message in response to the random access preamble.
- step S1709 the terminal 1710 performs scheduled transmission through resources indicated by the RAR.
- step S1711 the base station 1720 transmits a contention resolution message.
- step S1713 the terminal 1710 transmits a message for radio resource control (RRC) setup. Accordingly, a connection establishment procedure may be performed.
- RRC radio resource control
- the terminal can select an appropriate beam through a beam management operation during the initial access procedure.
- the terminal performing initial access can use at least some of the information shown in [Table 2] below.
- Location information of the terminal Can be obtained using GNSS technology. However, it is not limited to this, and location information obtained or determined in other ways can also be used. Satellite identification information ID or index. Can be provided to the terminal through system information or dedicated RRC signaling. altitude of low earth orbit satellite Can be confirmed based on satellite identification information
- carrier frequency used by the satellite Subcarrier spacing Subcarrier spacing applied to signals transmitted by the satellite
- carrier frequency information or subcarrier spacing information illustrated in [Table 3] may be delivered to the terminal through any one of the various signaling methods described with reference to FIG. 17.
- carrier frequency information may be transmitted through a system information block (SIB).
- SIB system information block
- the carrier frequency information may be included in any one of the downlinkConfigCommon information element (IE) included in SIB1 and the IEs included in SIB3.
- subcarrier spacing information may be transmitted through MIB or SIB.
- subcarrier spacing information may be included in subCarrierSpacingCommon IE included in MIB and ServingCellConfigCommon IE included in SIB1.
- Carrier frequency information and subcarrier spacing information can be obtained through IEs other than those listed.
- subcarrier spacing information included in the MIB can be used to perform initial access.
- carrier frequency information included in the SIB may be used to set signal processing operations for communication or for cell reselection.
- subcarrier spacing information and carrier frequency information may be used to select a beam. That is, based on at least some of the information such as [Table 2] and [Table 3], the terminal can determine a reliable beam size and the distance between the terminal and the beam center. Additionally, the terminal can determine whether the terminal is located within the effective coverage area and whether to use the corresponding beam as a serving beam. That is, the terminal can perform beam selection.
- a specific embodiment for beam selection is as follows.
- the terminal confirms elevation-dependent coverage as coverage of a cell or beam based on the SCS, the elevation angle of the satellite, and the reference location of the cell.
- the terminal can receive information about the beam center through at least one of RRC, MIB, and SIB.
- Information about the beam center is information related to the satellite, for example, epoch time information, parameters for accessing the satellite, information about the reference position of the serving cell, or information for predicting the reference position of the serving cell. It can be included.
- information about the reference location includes distance information between the terminal and the satellite, information that can be defined based on the carrier frequency, information determined by considering the cell identifier, beam center, coverage center, information defining the cell center, etc. It can be decided taking into account.
- cell coverage, cell size, or beam size may vary in consideration of the altitude angle of the satellite, orbit information, and characteristics of signals transmitted from the satellite.
- Figure 18 shows an example of a beam selection procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 18 illustrates a terminal operation method.
- the terminal receives system information of the satellite.
- the satellite operates as a base station, and the system information includes a MIB included in the SSB and at least one SIB received through a physical downlink share channel (PDSCH).
- the terminal detects a synchronization signal through a cell search operation, receives and decodes the MIB included in the SSB including the synchronization signal, and receives and decodes at least one SIB using information obtained through the MIB. You can.
- the synchronization signal, MIB, and SIB may be transmitted through any one of a plurality of beams used by the satellite, and the beam carrying the synchronization signal, MIB, and SIB received by the terminal is treated as a candidate beam for subsequent operations.
- the terminal can obtain information necessary for subsequent operations. For example, the terminal can obtain subcarrier spacing information and carrier frequency information.
- the terminal determines the beam size.
- the terminal determines the size of the beam carrying system information among at least one beam that can currently be received. That is, the terminal can determine the size of the effective coverage of the beam currently being monitored.
- the terminal may utilize the relationship between the radius of effective beam coverage of at least one of carrier frequency, subcarrier spacing, RDS, and satellite altitude.
- the terminal may determine the maximum RDS based on the satellite's orbit or altitude and carrier frequency, and determine the maximum reliable beam size, that is, the size of effective coverage, based on the maximum RDS and subcarrier spacing. Additionally, the terminal may further consider the altitude angle of the satellite.
- the terminal may determine the size of effective coverage based on at least one of the carrier frequency, subcarrier spacing, RDS, satellite altitude, and altitude angle.
- the terminal determines the distance from the beam center. In other words, the terminal checks how far it is from the center of the beam. For this purpose, the terminal can use the terminal's location information. That is, the terminal can acquire the location information of the terminal, confirm the center position of the candidate beam, and then determine the distance between the location of the terminal and the center position of the beam.
- the center position of the beam can be confirmed in various ways. According to one embodiment, the center position of the beam may be confirmed based on a previously known satellite orbit and satellite identification information. According to other embodiments, the center position of the beam may be signaled explicitly or implicitly through system information.
- step S1807 the terminal determines whether the terminal is located within the effective coverage of the beam. For this purpose, the terminal compares the size of the beam determined in step S1803 and the distance from the beam center determined in step S1805. That is, if the distance from the beam center is less than or equal to the radius of coverage according to the size of the beam, the terminal may determine that the terminal is located within the effective coverage of the beam.
- the terminal selects the corresponding beam.
- the terminal selects to use the beam carrying system information as the serving beam. That is, the terminal can decide to perform a random access operation later using the corresponding beam.
- the terminal can search for another beam of the corresponding satellite or another satellite, and repeat the above-described operations for the other searched beam.
- the terminal can select a serving beam.
- the terminal uses the center position of the currently observed candidate beam.
- the location of the center of the beam can be ascertained in a variety of ways. For example, the center position of the beam can be confirmed based on which region the terminal is currently located in.
- the center positions of beams transmitted by the corresponding satellite base stations can be fixedly determined. In other words, if satellite base stations are placed on the ground, the center positions of beams transmitted from the satellite can be fixedly determined using the satellite base stations. Since the beam coverage of a satellite base station is larger than that of a terrestrial base station, a correspondence between the area and the center position of the beam can be derived. In this case, a correspondence relationship with the center position of the beam for each region may be defined in advance, and the terminal can use information about the correspondence relationship to confirm the center position of the beam from the region in which it is currently located.
- Figure 19 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining information for beam selection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 19 illustrates a terminal operation method.
- the terminal receives the MIB.
- the terminal can obtain system information.
- the terminal provides information on at least one of the system frame number, subcarrier spacing, subcarrier offset, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) type, physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) setting for SIB1, and whether the cell is bared. It can be obtained.
- DMRS demodulation reference signal
- PDCCH physical downlink control channel
- the terminal transmits a request for SIB.
- the terminal may request the satellite to transmit the SIB in order to receive the SIB transmitted in an on-demand manner.
- the terminal may receive SIB1 based on information included in the MIB (e.g., PDCCH configuration for SIB1) and obtain information about the random access channel from SIB1.
- the terminal can transmit a signal for a SIB request through a random access channel.
- the terminal may receive at least one SIB. That is, the terminal can receive at least one SIB transmitted by the satellite in response to the request transmitted in step S1903.
- the terminal can obtain various information necessary to perform communication.
- the terminal may obtain information for beam selection, for example, information about the carrier frequency.
- the terminal can further obtain other information necessary to determine the distance from the center position of the beam.
- Figure 20 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining subcarrier spacing information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 20 illustrates a method of operating a terminal.
- the terminal detects a synchronization signal.
- the position of the frequency axis where the synchronization signal can be transmitted is predefined. Accordingly, the terminal can detect a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) consisting of one of the predefined sequences at positions on the predefined frequency axis. By detecting the synchronization signal, the terminal can determine the structure of the SSB.
- PSS primary synchronization signal
- SSS secondary synchronization signal
- the terminal receives the MIB and decodes the MIB.
- the terminal can receive the MIB received along with the DMRS through the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) included in the SSB.
- PBCH physical broadcast channel
- the terminal can decode the MIB using channel information estimated based on DMRS.
- the terminal can obtain parameters indicating information about the cell.
- the parameters may include a parameter indicating the subcarrier spacing.
- step S2005 the terminal checks subcarrier spacing information based on FR (frequency range).
- FR is a unit that distinguishes frequencies used in the system to which the terminal and satellite belong, and can be divided into, for example, FR1 (e.g., 417 to 7,125 MHz) and FR2 (e.g., 24,250 to 52,600 MHz).
- Supportable subcarrier spacings may vary depending on the FR, and therefore, the interpretation of the value of the parameter indicating the subcarrier spacing may vary depending on the FR to which the frequency at which the MIB is received belongs.
- the terminal may interpret the subcarrier spacing as 15 kHz or 30 kHz depending on the value of the parameter. For example, if the frequency at which the synchronization signal is detected and the MIB is received belongs to FR2, the terminal may interpret the subcarrier spacing as 60kHz or 120kHZ depending on the value of the parameter.
- the terminal can obtain necessary information and select an appropriate beam based on the obtained information and predefined information.
- it may be required to determine the coverage of the corresponding beam.
- coverage may be determined or calculated based on elevation angle.
- the elevation angle may be determined based on the reference location of the cell (eg, the center of the cell).
- the coverage provided by the satellite is elevation-dependent coverage, and the elevation-angle-dependent coverage can be calculated based on at least one of the elevation angle and the center position (can be formulated) ).
- carrier frequency information, subcarrier spacing information, and beam center position information may also be signaled through system information.
- the information signaled through system information is shown in [Table 4] below.
- Figure 21 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining beam center position information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 21 illustrates a method of operating a terminal.
- the terminal transmits a request for a SIB related to a satellite. That is, the SIB related to the satellite is transmitted in an on-demand manner, and accordingly, the terminal can request the satellite to transmit the corresponding SIB.
- the terminal can request a SIB related to the satellite by transmitting a random access preamble.
- the SIB related to the satellite may be a SIB containing satellite auxiliary information for NTN access.
- the terminal receives the SIB related to the satellite.
- the terminal may receive a SIB related to a satellite through a resource indicated by an RAR transmitted in response to a random access preamble for a system information request.
- the terminal may transmit a message requesting a SIB through a resource indicated by an RAR transmitted in response to a random access preamble, and then receive a SIB related to the satellite.
- the SIB related to the satellite contains at least one of the following: information about measurements about the satellite, information about NTN connection, information about orbit, information about TA, information about synchronization, information about NTN neighboring cells, and information about reference position. It can be included.
- the SIB related to the satellite may include information about the location of the center of the beam.
- step S2105 the terminal checks the center position of the beam. That is, the terminal can confirm the center position of the beam by interpreting the information about the center position of the beam included in the received SIB.
- Information about the center position of the beam may indicate absolute position coordinates, or may indicate a position relative to other position information included in the SIB. Accordingly, the terminal can select the beam using the center position of the beam.
- the terminal can confirm the center position of the beam through SIB. That is, the SIB may include information about the center position of the beam.
- the SIB related to the satellite is the parameters (e.g., ntn-Config) required for the terminal to access NR through NTN connection, including ephemeris data, common TA parameters, and HARQ-related offset (e.g., k_offset). ), validity duration for uplink synchronization information, and epoch information.
- the SIB associated with the satellite may include temporal information (e.g., t-Service) about when cells provided through the NTN quasi-Earth fixed system cease service for the area currently covered by the satellite.
- the satellite-related SIB is information about the reference location of the serving cell (e.g., referenceLocation) provided through the NTN quasi-Earth fixed system, and may include information that can be used for the initiation of location-based measurements. You can. Additionally, the SIB related to the satellite is distance information (eg, distanceThresh) from the serving cell reference location and may include information used to initiate location-based measurement. Here, distance information can be used to determine candidate cells and rank candidate cells.
- the SIB related to the satellite may include information providing a list of NTN neighboring cells (e.g., ntn-NeighCellConfigList, lateNonCriticalExtension), and information for each satellite included in the list may include ntn-Config, carrier frequency, and cell identifier. (e.g. PhysCellId). Additionally, the SIB related to the satellite may include center position information (eg, centerOfCoverage) of the cell provided by the satellite.
- NTN neighboring cells e.g., ntn-NeighCellConfigList, lateNonCriticalExtension
- information for each satellite included in the list may include ntn-Config, carrier frequency, and cell identifier. (e.g. PhysCellId).
- the SIB related to the satellite may include center position information (eg, centerOfCoverage) of the cell provided by the satellite.
- the terminal determines the beam size and serving beam by considering at least one of Tables 1 to 3, the parameters for NTN connection described above, elevation angle, and reference information.
- a serving beam for communication with a satellite may be selected based on the beam size.
- the information necessary to determine the above-described beam size and the information necessary to determine the center position of the beam may be provided by a satellite base station or at least one ground base station.
- parameters for the terminal can be set by a serving base station among satellite or ground base stations that are connected to the terminal, and different serving base stations can be connected depending on the service for the terminal.
- a terminal may be connected to a terrestrial base station to receive basic parameters for control, and may selectively receive necessary information through a satellite base station depending on the terminal's needs.
- specific embodiments of which parameters are provided by a terrestrial base station or a satellite base station may vary depending on various embodiments or scenarios.
- the terminal determines the beam size given the subcarrier spacing and carrier frequency and selects the beam based on the beam size. Furthermore, according to another embodiment, it is possible to change the beam size by changing at least one of the subcarrier spacing and the carrier frequency depending on the situation. For example, it is possible to dynamically control the beam size depending on the load of the current cell, the occurrence of coverage holes, etc. Depending on the change in beam size, the amount of available resources can be adjusted. Accordingly, services that can be provided (e.g., ultra-reliable low latency (URL), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), etc.) may also change.
- URL ultra-reliable low latency
- eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
- the various embodiments described above considered the case where the base station to which the terminal can connect is a satellite base station. However, according to other embodiments, the above-described embodiments may be applied to a situation in which a terminal can access not only a satellite base station but also a terrestrial base station, that is, a satellite-terrestrial integrated environment. In this case, more diverse operating scenarios can be applied.
- Figures 22a to 22c show simulation results for the major semi-axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage may mean the upper limit of the beam size.
- the altitude was set to [300:50:1500]km, and the SCS was set to 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, and 120kHz.
- Figure 22a shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 15 kHz or 30 kHz. Specifically, Figure 22a shows the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) for each maximum elevation angle when the SCS is 15 kHz or 30 kHz and the carrier frequency is 7 GHz. Referring to Figure 22a, it can be seen that the semi-major axis of the beam coverage when the SCS is 30 kHz is larger than the semi-major axis of the beam coverage when the SCS is 15 kHz. Additionally, in the case of the same SCS, it can be seen that the smaller the maximum elevation angle is, the larger the semi-major axis of the beam coverage is.
- Figure 22b shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 60kHz. Specifically, Figure 22b shows the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) for each maximum elevation angle when the SCS is 60 kHz and the carrier frequency is 24 GHz or 52 GHz. Referring to FIG. 22b, it can be seen that the beam coverage semimajor axis when the carrier frequency is 24GHz is larger than the beam coverage semimajor axis when the carrier frequency is 52GHz. Additionally, for the same carrier frequency, it can be seen that the smaller the maximum elevation angle is, the larger the semi-major axis of the beam coverage is.
- Figure 22c shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 120 kHz. Specifically, Figure 22c shows the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) for each maximum elevation angle when the SCS is 120 kHz and the carrier frequency is 24 GHz or 52 GHz. Referring to FIG. 22C, it can be seen that the beam coverage semimajor axis when the carrier frequency is 24GHz is larger than the beam coverage semimajor axis when the carrier frequency is 52GHz. Additionally, for the same carrier frequency, it can be seen that the smaller the maximum elevation angle is, the larger the semi-major axis of the beam coverage is.
- the beam size considering the Doppler shift according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is proportional to the SCS and altitude, and has an inverse relationship with the carrier frequency and maximum elevation angle.
- the terminal may determine the beam size in a situation where the SCS, carrier frequency, altitude, and maximum elevation angle are given, and select the beam based on the beam size.
- differential delay in consideration of the high mobility of low-orbit satellites, differential delay will be additionally considered.
- the differential delay may be limited by at least one of the maximum random access distance (D RA ) and the maximum timing advance distance (D TA ).
- FIG. 23A illustrates the concept of differential delay in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a satellite 2220 forms beam coverage on the ground, and terminals 2210-1, 2210-2, and 2210-3 are located within the beam coverage.
- the satellite 2220 may be a low-orbit satellite, and depending on the location of the satellite 2220, the distance between the terminals 2210-1, 2210-2, and 2210-3 within the beam coverage and the satellite and/ Or the elevation angle may change.
- the altitude angle with respect to the satellite at the point where the terminal is located is the maximum altitude angle ( ⁇ max )
- the distance between the satellite and the terminal becomes the minimum distance (d min )
- the altitude angle with respect to the satellite at the point where the terminal is located is the minimum.
- the distance between the satellite and the terminal is the maximum distance (d max ).
- the maximum elevation angle ( ⁇ max ), minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min ), maximum distance (d max ), and minimum distance (d min ) may vary depending on the location of the satellite.
- each terminal within beam coverage may experience differential delay depending on the location of the satellite.
- the signal received by the first terminal 2210-1 at the beam coverage boundary at the first point in time (t ⁇ min ) when the satellite is located at the first location experiences a first differential delay (Differential delay 1 , 2231),
- the signal received by the first terminal 2210-1 at the beam coverage boundary at the second time t Nadir when the satellite is located at the second location may experience a second differential delay 2 (2232).
- Differential delay ( ⁇ D) can be expressed as the difference between the maximum and minimum distances depending on the position of the satellite.
- the differential delay ( ⁇ D) is limited to have a value less than or equal to the maximum random access distance (D RA ) and the maximum timing advance distance (D TA ).
- the differential delay should be set to a value less than or equal to the smaller of D RA and D TA .
- the maximum random access distance (D RA ) needs to be calculated to set the differential delay. Random access is a procedure performed to prevent collisions with other terminals when a terminal initially connects to a network.
- the maximum random access distance (D RA ) can be calculated based on cyclic prefix (CP), random sequence, and guard time. This is because the preamble format for random access is configured as shown in FIG. 23B.
- FIG. 23A illustrates the concept of differential delay in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 23b shows the format of a random access preamble in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the random access preamble may include a Cyclic Prefix (CP) 2301, a random sequence 2303, and a guard time 2305.
- the guard time 2305 is set to allow for timing uncertainty due to the distance between the terminal and the base station (satellite).
- the maximum random access distance (D RA ) can be calculated as shown in Equation 1 below.
- D RA ( ⁇ ) means the maximum random access distance
- c is the speed of light
- T GT means the guard time
- N slot means the number of time slots in the preamble
- T slot means the length of the time slot.
- T CP means the length of CP
- T SEQ means the length of the random sequence.
- T SEQ may be N rep ⁇ 2048 ⁇ k ⁇ 2 - ⁇ .
- N rep means the number of sequence repetitions.
- the T slot is 1ms, 0.5ms, 0.25ms, or 0.125ms, and at this time, the SCS can be 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, or 120kHz.
- N slot is It can be calculated as Additionally, T GT is It can be expressed as The reason the denominator is 2 in [Equation 1] is to take round-trip delay into consideration.
- the preamble format is divided into a long preamble and a short preamble.
- [Table 5] and [Table 6] show the PRACH short preamble format for FR1 and FR2.
- [Table 5] shows the number of sequence repetitions (N rep ), CP length, and preamble length for each PRACH short preamble format.
- FIGS. 24A and 24B show the maximum random access distance for each preamble format in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. .
- the maximum random access distance (D RA ) always has a minimum value when the preamble format is B4, regardless of OFDM numerology, and has a maximum value when the preamble format is C0. This can be seen from Table 6 that when the preamble format is B4, the number of sequence repetitions is 12, and when the preamble format is C0, the number of sequence repetitions is 1.
- the maximum timing advance distance (D TA ) needs to be calculated for setting the differential delay.
- Timing advance is a procedure performed to prevent interference between uplink and downlink.
- the maximum timing advance distance (D TA ) can be calculated based on the uplink and downlink timing relationship.
- Figure 25 shows the uplink and downlink timing relationship in a wireless communication system. Referring to Figure 25, the time interval (T TA ) between the uplink frame 2510 and the downlink frame 2520 is determined according to the measurement value (N TA ), FR, and SCS transmitted to the terminal through the timing advance command. It can be determined by a varying fixed value (N TA,offset ) and the basic time unit (Tc) of the 5G NR system. Therefore, the maximum timing advance distance (D TA ) can be calculated as shown in Equation 2 below.
- N TA,offset is a fixed value that varies depending on FR and SCS, and the value defined in NR standard document TS 38.133 v15.6 can be used.
- the differential delay ( ⁇ D) may be limited by the smaller of the maximum random access distance (D RA ) and the maximum timing advance distance (D TA ).
- D RA maximum random access distance
- D TA maximum timing advance distance
- [Table 8] shows the maximum timing advance distance when T A is 3846 and N TA,offset is 25,600 (FR1) or 13,795 (FR2).
- D RA the maximum random access distance
- D TA the maximum random access distance
- Equation 3 the differential delay according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be expressed as Equation 3 below.
- d min,t means the minimum value of d min ( ⁇ max ).
- the beam radius according to the beam size of the satellite according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is a (2610) as shown in FIG. 26, the beam radius is obtained by using Equations 5 to 7 below can be calculated.
- Figure 26 shows the beam radius of a satellite in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- R E means the radius of the Earth
- h sat means the altitude of the satellite.
- the diameter 2a which represents the beam size of the satellite, can be calculated as in Equation 6 below.
- d ssp means the distance between the sub-satellite point and the terminal closest to the satellite.
- the sub-satellite point refers to a position on the ground where the altitude angle with the satellite is perpendicular.
- the radius of the beam can be calculated as in [Equation 7] below.
- the beam size is the maximum distance between the terminal and the base station (d max ( ⁇ min )), which corresponds to the minimum elevation angle between the satellite and the terminal, and the minimum of d min ( ⁇ max ). It can be determined based on the value (d min,t ) and the altitude of the satellite (hs at ).
- Figures 27a and 27b show simulation results for beam size according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 27a and 27b are the results of a simulation experiment in which the beam size for each altitude of the satellite was determined using the maximum random access distance (D RA ) in FR1.
- Figure 27a shows the results of a simulation when the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min ) is 10°
- Figure 27b shows the results of a simulation when the minimum elevation angle is 25°.
- the beam size when the preamble format is C0 may mean the maximum upper limit for the beam size
- the beam size when the preamble format is B4 may mean the minimum upper limit for the beam size.
- Figures 28a and 28b show simulation results for beam size according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figures 28a and 28b are the results of a simulation experiment in which the beam size for each altitude of the satellite was determined using the maximum random access distance (D RA ) in FR2.
- Figure 28a shows the simulation results when the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min ) is 10°
- Figure 28b shows the simulation results when the minimum elevation angle is 25°.
- the beam size may mean the maximum upper limit for the beam size
- the preamble format is B4
- the beam size may mean the minimum upper limit for the beam size.
- the maximum upper limit of the beam size when the minimum elevation angle is 25° is lower than when the minimum elevation angle is 10°. It can be seen that the minimum upper limit of the beam size when the minimum elevation angle is 25° is lower than when the minimum elevation angle is 10°.
- the upper limit of the beam size may vary depending on the minimum elevation angle of the satellite. In other words, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam size may be determined based on the minimum elevation angle of the satellite. That is, the satellite's beam coverage may be determined based on the elevation angle (e.g., minimum elevation angle).
- the satellite may signal information that affects the beam size (e.g., preamble, SCS, minimum elevation angle, and satellite altitude) to a terminal that is trying to access the satellite or is currently connected. This is so that the terminal trying to access the satellite can know the beam size of the satellite.
- Specific formats and values of information that affect the beam size can be defined in various ways, and their transmission points can also be defined in various ways.
- the beam size in a satellite network environment can be adaptively controlled. That is, in the following, a method for controlling the beam size upper bound, that is, the maximum beam size, is presented by combining the two approaches described above. Specifically, a method for controlling the upper limit of the beam size is presented based on the beam size in consideration of compensation for Doppler shift and the beam size in consideration of differential delay. For example, after determining a first beam size based on the carrier frequency, SCS, maximum elevation angle, and satellite altitude, and determining a second beam size based on the preamble, SCS, minimum elevation angle, and satellite altitude, The smaller beam size of the 1 beam size and the 2nd beam size may be determined as the upper limit of the final beam size.
- Figure 29 is a conceptual diagram for determining the upper limit of the final beam size in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the terminal can obtain information 2910 affecting the beam size through signaling with at least one serving cell including a satellite or base station.
- Information that affects the beam size is the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min , 2911), preamble (2912), SCS (2913), satellite altitude (altitude, 2914), carrier frequency (f c , 2915), and May include the maximum elevation angle ( ⁇ max , 2916).
- the terminal sets the upper limit of the beam size considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) based on the first information set among the information 2910 affecting the beam size )(2920) is determined.
- the first information set may include at least one of the minimum altitude angle 2911, the preamble 2912, the SCS 2913, and the satellite altitude 2914.
- the terminal sets an upper limit ( )(2930) is determined.
- the second information set may include at least one of the SCS (2913), the satellite's altitude (2914), the carrier frequency (2915), and the maximum altitude angle (2916).
- the terminal has an upper limit of beam size considering differential delay ( ⁇ D) ( )(2920) and the upper limit of the beam size considering compensation for the Doppler shift (f D ) ( )(2930), the minimum value (2940) is determined as the upper limit of the final beam size.
- the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min, 2911) may be determined in advance.
- the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min, 2911) may be predetermined to be 10°, or may be predetermined to be 25°. This is only an example to aid understanding, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
- the minimum elevation angle may be predetermined to another value.
- the maximum elevation angle ( ⁇ max) can be obtained from SIB.
- the maximum elevation angle ( ⁇ max) can be obtained through SIB as shown in FIG. 32.
- Figures 30A to 30D show simulation results for the major semi-axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a communication system supporting satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage may mean the upper limit of the beam size.
- Figure 30a shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 15 kHz. Specifically, Figure 30a shows the major radius of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) according to the minimum elevation angle when the preamble format is B4, and the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f) for each maximum elevation angle when the carrier frequency (f c ) is 7 GHz. D ) represents the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering ).
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering differential delay ( ⁇ D) is designed as the final beam size in the section where the altitude is from about 300km to about 875km, and the final beam size is designed for the altitude from about 876km to about 875km. It can be seen that in the section of about 1500 km, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size.
- Figure 30b shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 30 kHz. Specifically, Figure 30b shows the major radius of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) according to the minimum elevation angle when the preamble format is B4, and the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f) for each maximum elevation angle when the carrier frequency (f c ) is 7 GHz. D ) represents the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering ).
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) is designed as the final beam size in some altitude sections, but the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed in some other altitude sections. It can be seen that the semi-major axis of the considered beam coverage is designed as the final beam size.
- the maximum altitude angle is 50 ⁇
- the altitude is approximately 1400 ⁇ 1500km
- the maximum altitude angle is 70 ⁇
- the altitude is approximately 1050 ⁇ 1500km
- the maximum altitude angle is 90 ⁇ the altitude is approximately 1400 ⁇ 1500km.
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size, and in sections at lower altitudes, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) is designed as the final beam size. It can be designed as
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size in sections with an altitude of about 1400 to 1500 km, and in sections with lower altitudes, the differential delay ( ⁇ D ), the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering ) can be designed as the final beam size.
- Figure 30c shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 60kHz. Specifically, Figure 30c shows the major radius of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) according to the minimum elevation angle when the preamble format is B4, and the Doppler shift for each maximum elevation angle when the carrier frequency (f c ) is 24 GHz or 52 GHz. It represents the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering ( ⁇ f D ).
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) is designed as the final beam size in some altitude sections, but in others, In the altitude section, it can be seen that the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size.
- the maximum elevation angle when the maximum elevation angle is 30°, it is a section with an altitude of about 1000km or more; when the maximum elevation angle is 50°, it is a section with an altitude of about 650km or more; when the maximum elevation angle is 70°, it is a section with an altitude of about 400km or more,
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) in sections with an altitude of about 350 km is designed as the final beam size, and in sections with lower altitudes than the corresponding sections, the differential delay ( ⁇ D)
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering can be designed as the final beam size.
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) is designed as the final beam size in some altitude sections, but in some other altitude sections, the Doppler It can be seen that the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the transition ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size.
- the maximum elevation angle when the maximum elevation angle is 30°, it is a section with an altitude of about 1,400km or more; when the maximum elevation angle is 50°, it is a section with an altitude of about 950km or more; when the maximum elevation angle is 70°, it is a section with an altitude of about 750km or more,
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) in sections with an altitude of approximately 700 km is designed as the final beam size, and in sections with lower altitudes, the differential delay ( ⁇ D)
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering can be designed as the final beam size.
- the beam when the minimum elevation angle is 25 ⁇ and the carrier frequency (f c ) is 52 GHz, in situations where the maximum altitude angle is 50 ⁇ , 70 ⁇ , and 90 ⁇ , the beam always takes Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) into consideration regardless of altitude. It can be seen that the semi-major axis of the coverage is designed as the final beam size, and in a situation where the maximum elevation angle is 30°, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size in sections with an altitude of about 500 km or more.
- Figure 30d shows the semi-major axis of beam coverage according to satellite altitude in a situation where SCS is 120 kHz. Specifically, Figure 30d shows the major radius of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) according to the minimum elevation angle when the preamble format is B4, and the Doppler shift for each maximum elevation angle when the carrier frequency (f c ) is 24 GHz or 52 GHz. It represents the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering ( ⁇ f D ).
- the minimum elevation angle is 10° and the maximum elevation angle is 90° in a situation where the carrier frequency (f c ) is 52 GHz, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) regardless of altitude is It can be seen that it is designed to the final beam size.
- the maximum elevation angle is 30°, 50°, or 70°
- beam coverage considering differential delay ( ⁇ D) in some altitude sections The semi-major axis of is designed as the final beam size, but in some other altitude sections, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size.
- the maximum altitude angle when the maximum altitude angle is 30 ⁇ , a section with an altitude of approximately 950km or more, when the maximum altitude angle is 50 ⁇ , a section with an altitude of approximately 550km or more, and when the maximum altitude angle is 70 ⁇ , a section with an altitude of approximately 400km or more.
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size, and in altitude sections lower than the corresponding sections, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) can be designed as the final beam size. .
- the semimajor axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) in some altitude sections is the final It is designed based on the beam size, but in other altitude sections, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size.
- the maximum elevation angle is 70°
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) in the section with an altitude of about 1,500 km or more when the maximum elevation angle is 90° is the section with an altitude of about 1,500 km or more. It is designed by size, and in altitude sections lower than the corresponding sections, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering differential delay ( ⁇ D) can be designed as the final beam size.
- the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the differential delay ( ⁇ D) is It can be seen that it is designed to the final beam size.
- the semimajor axis of the beam coverage considering differential delay ( ⁇ D) is designed as the final beam size in some altitude sections depending on the maximum elevation angle, but at other altitudes In this section, it can be seen that the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) is designed as the final beam size.
- the maximum altitude angle is 30 ⁇ , a section with an altitude of approximately 1300km or more, if the maximum altitude angle is 50 ⁇ , a section with an altitude of approximately 900km or more, and if the maximum altitude angle is 70 ⁇ , a section with an altitude of approximately 700km or more , when the maximum elevation angle is 90°, the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering the Doppler shift ( ⁇ f D ) in sections with an altitude of about 650 km or more is designed as the final beam size, and in sections with altitudes lower than those sections, the differential delay ( ⁇ D ), the semi-major axis of the beam coverage considering ) can be designed as the final beam size.
- the final beam size (or coverage size) of the satellite is determined based on at least one of the minimum elevation angle, preamble format, SCS, altitude, carrier frequency, and maximum elevation angle, It may be limited by a beam size considering differential delay or an upper beam size limit considering compensation for Doppler shift. Therefore, based on the beam size upper limit, the terminal can determine whether the terminal is located within the effective coverage area and whether to use the corresponding beam as a serving beam. That is, the terminal can perform beam selection.
- a specific embodiment for beam selection is as follows.
- Figure 31 shows an example of a beam selection procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 31 illustrates a terminal operation method.
- the terminal receives system information of the satellite.
- the satellite operates as a base station, and the system information includes a MIB included in the SSB and at least one SIB received through a physical downlink share channel (PDSCH).
- the terminal detects a synchronization signal through a cell search operation, receives and decodes the MIB included in the SSB including the synchronization signal, and receives and decodes at least one SIB using information obtained through the MIB. You can.
- the synchronization signal, MIB, and SIB may be transmitted through any one of a plurality of beams used by the satellite, and the beam carrying the synchronization signal, MIB, and SIB received by the terminal is treated as a candidate beam for subsequent operations. .
- the SIB received by the terminal may be a SIB related to a satellite.
- the SIB related to the satellite includes information about measurements on the satellite, information about the NTN connection, information about the orbit of the satellite, information about the TA, information about synchronization, information about NTN neighboring cells, information about the reference position, beam It may include at least one of information about the center position and information about the maximum elevation angle.
- the terminal may obtain at least one of information affecting the beam size of the satellite through system information, that is, minimum elevation angle, preamble information, SCS, satellite altitude, carrier frequency, and maximum elevation angle.
- the preamble information may include random access preamble-related information necessary for calculating the maximum random access distance, as shown in Equation 1.
- the preamble information may include at least one of the number of time slots, time slot length, CP length, sequence repetition count, and random sequence length of the random access preamble.
- the terminal determines the first beam size based on the first information set.
- the first information set may include some of the information affecting the beam size shown in FIG. 29.
- the first information set may include at least one of the minimum altitude angle ( ⁇ min ), preamble information, SCS, and satellite altitude.
- the terminal may obtain the first information set through system information and determine the first beam size considering the differential delay based on the first information set.
- the first beam size considering differential delay can be determined as described in Equations 1 to 7.
- the terminal determines the second beam size based on the second information set.
- the second information set may include some of the information affecting the beam size shown in FIG. 29.
- the second information set may include at least one of SCS, satellite altitude, carrier frequency (f c ), and maximum altitude angle ( ⁇ max ).
- the terminal may obtain a second information set through system information and determine a second beam size considering compensation for Doppler shift based on the second information set.
- the terminal may determine the second beam size considering compensation for the Doppler shift in the same manner as described in S1803 of FIG. 18.
- the terminal determines the final beam size based on the first beam size and the second beam size. Specifically, the terminal may determine the smaller beam size of the first beam size and the second beam size as the final beam size.
- the final beam size may mean the effective coverage size of the beam that delivers system information to the terminal.
- the terminal determines the distance from the beam center.
- the terminal checks how far it is from the center of the beam.
- the terminal can use the terminal's location information. That is, the terminal can acquire the location information of the terminal, confirm the center position of the candidate beam, and then determine the distance between the location of the terminal and the center position of the beam.
- the center position of the beam can be confirmed in various ways. According to one embodiment, the center position of the beam may be confirmed based on a previously known satellite orbit and satellite identification information. According to other embodiments, the center position of the beam may be signaled explicitly or implicitly through system information. For example, the center position of the beam can be ascertained from the SIB as shown in Table 5 or Table 10.
- step S3111 the terminal determines whether the terminal is located within the effective coverage of the beam. For this purpose, the terminal compares the final beam size determined in step S3107 and the distance from the beam center determined in step S3109. That is, if the distance from the beam center is less than or equal to the radius of coverage according to the final beam size, the terminal may determine that the terminal is located within the effective coverage of the beam.
- step S3113 the terminal selects the corresponding beam.
- the terminal selects to use the beam carrying system information as the serving beam. That is, the terminal can decide to perform a random access operation later using the corresponding beam.
- the terminal returns to step S3101. Accordingly, the terminal can search for another beam of the corresponding satellite or another satellite, and repeat the above-described operations for the other searched beam.
- the terminal can select a serving beam.
- the terminal uses the center position of the currently observed candidate beam.
- the location of the center of the beam can be ascertained in a variety of ways.
- the center position of the beam can be confirmed based on the region in which the terminal is currently located.
- the center positions of beams transmitted by the corresponding satellite base stations can be fixedly determined. In other words, if satellite base stations are placed on the ground, the center positions of beams transmitted from the satellite can be fixedly determined using the satellite base stations. Since the beam coverage of a satellite base station is larger than that of a terrestrial base station, a correspondence between the area and the center position of the beam can be derived.
- a correspondence relationship with the center position of the beam for each region may be defined in advance, and the terminal can use information about the correspondence relationship to confirm the center position of the beam from the region in which it is currently located.
- the terminal may obtain center position information of the beam through system information.
- Figure 31 explains that the terminal acquires at least one of information affecting the beam size through system information, for example, minimum elevation angle, preamble information, SCS, satellite altitude, carrier frequency, and maximum elevation angle. did.
- at least one piece of information affecting the beam size may be obtained in the manner described in FIGS. 19 to 21.
- the terminal may obtain system information through the MIB, transmit a request for the SIB, and then receive the SIB. Additionally, the terminal may acquire SCS as described in FIG. 20 and beam center position information as described in FIG. 21.
- At least one piece of information affecting the beam size may be determined in advance.
- the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min ) may be determined in advance.
- the minimum elevation angle ( ⁇ min ) may be predetermined for each satellite type.
- the minimum elevation angle may be predetermined to be about 10 degrees or about 25 degrees. This is just an example to aid understanding, and the minimum elevation angle may be set to a different value.
- the terminal can obtain the maximum elevation angle ( ⁇ max ) through SIB.
- Figure 32 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining a minimum elevation angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 32 illustrates a terminal operation method.
- the terminal can check the type of satellite.
- the type of satellite can be obtained, for example, from the satellite's system information.
- the terminal may receive system information including SIB from a satellite operating as a base station, and the system information may include satellite type information. This is only an example, and the method of checking satellite type information is not limited to this.
- the terminal can check the minimum elevation angle. That is, the terminal can determine the minimum altitude angle based on the type of satellite. For example, the terminal can confirm the minimum altitude angle corresponding to the confirmed satellite type based on pre-stored information about the minimum altitude angle for each type of satellite. For example, if the satellite type is the first type, the terminal can confirm that the minimum altitude angle is 10 degrees. Additionally, when the satellite type is the second type, the terminal can confirm that the minimum altitude angle is 25°.
- the procedure for obtaining the minimum elevation angle described above is only an example, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily limited thereto. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be equally applied even when the minimum elevation angle is determined through another method. Alternatively, according to another embodiment, the minimum elevation angle may be defined independent of the type of satellite.
- Figure 33 shows an example of a procedure for obtaining the maximum elevation angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 33 illustrates a terminal operation method.
- the terminal transmits a request for a SIB related to the satellite.
- the terminal can request a SIB related to the satellite by transmitting a random access preamble.
- a SIB related to a satellite may be a SIB containing satellite auxiliary information for NTN access.
- the SIB related to the satellite is transmitted in an on-demand method, and the on-demand method may refer to a method of requesting and receiving transmission of the corresponding SIB from the satellite.
- the terminal receives a SIB related to the satellite.
- the terminal may receive a SIB related to a satellite through a resource indicated by an RAR transmitted in response to a random access preamble for a system information request.
- the terminal may transmit a message requesting a SIB through a resource indicated by an RAR transmitted in response to a random access preamble, and then receive a SIB related to the satellite.
- the SIB related to the satellite includes information about measurements on the satellite, information about the NTN connection, information about the orbit of the satellite, information about the TA, information about synchronization, information about NTN neighboring cells, information about the reference position, beam It may include at least one piece of information about the center position of .
- the SIB associated with the satellite may include information about the maximum elevation angle.
- the maximum elevation angle may mean the maximum elevation angle of the earth-fixed beam with respect to the reference position included in the SIB.
- step S3305 the terminal checks information about the maximum elevation angle. That is, the terminal can confirm the maximum altitude angle with respect to the reference position by interpreting the information about the maximum altitude angle included in the received SIB.
- the terminal can check the maximum elevation angle through SIB. That is, SIB includes information about the maximum elevation angle.
- SIB related to the satellite is the parameters (e.g., ntn-Config) required for the terminal to access NR through NTN connection, including ephemeris data, common TA parameters, and HARQ-related offset (e.g., k_offset). ), validity duration for uplink synchronization information, and epoch information.
- the SIB associated with the satellite may include temporal information (e.g., t-Service) about when cells provided through the NTN quasi-Earth fixed system cease service for the area currently covered by the satellite.
- the SIB related to the satellite is information about the reference location of the serving cell (e.g., referenceLocation) provided through the NTN quasi-Earth fixed system, and may include information that can be used for the initiation of location-based measurements. You can. Additionally, the SIB related to the satellite is distance information (eg, distanceThresh) from the serving cell reference location and may include information used to initiate location-based measurement. Additionally, the SIB related to the satellite may include information providing a list of NTN neighboring cells (e.g., ntn-NeighCellConfigList, lateNonCriticalExtension), and information for each satellite included in the list may include ntn-Config, carrier frequency, and cell identifier. (e.g.
- the SIB related to the satellite may include center position information (eg, centerOfCoverage) of the cell provided by the satellite. Additionally, the SIB related to the satellite may include information about the satellite's maximum elevation angle (e.g., maximumElevationAngle).3333.
- the SIB related to the satellite is described as being transmitted in an on-demand manner, but according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the SIB related to the satellite may be defined to be transmitted without request. there is. In this case, in the procedure illustrated in FIG. 33, step S3301 is omitted, and the terminal can receive the SIB related to the satellite without a separate request. At this time, the terminal can check the scheduling information for the SIB related to the satellite and then receive the SIB related to the satellite based on the confirmed scheduling information.
- a serving beam for communication with a satellite may be selected based on the beam size.
- the information needed to determine the beam size and the information needed to determine the center position of the beam are all received from the satellite base station.
- at least some of the information may be provided by a terrestrial base station. In this case, specific details of which parameters are provided by the terrestrial base station may vary depending on various embodiments or scenarios.
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Abstract
Description
| Carrier frequency | SCS: 60→120Hz로 변경되는 elevation angle | Reliable beam size |
| 20 GHz | 43 | 100 → 60km |
| 25 GHz | 39 | 100 → 50km |
| 30 GHz | 36 | 100 → 40km |
| 35 GHz | 34 | 100 → 30km |
| 40 GHz | 31 | 100 → 30km |
| 45 GHz | 29.9 | 100 → 30km |
| 50 GHz | 28.5 | 100 → 20km |
| 55 GHz | 27.2 | 100 → 20km |
| 항목 | 설명 |
| 트랙킹 영역(tracking area) | 지구 상에 고정됨 |
| 단말의 위치 정보 | GNSS 기술을 이용하여 회득 가능. 단, 이에 제한되지 아니하며, 다른 방식으로 획득 또는 결정되는 위치 정보도 사용 가능. |
| 위성 식별 정보 | ID 또는 인덱스(index). 시스템 정보 또는 전용 RRC 시그널링을 통해 단말에게 제공될 수 있음. |
| 저궤도 위성의 고도 | 위성 식별 정보에 기반하여 확인 가능 |
| 항목 | 설명 |
| 반송파 주파수 | 해당 위성이 사용하는 반송파 주파수 |
| 부반송파 간격 | 해당 위성이 송신하는 신호에 적용된 부반송파 간격 |
| 항목 | 설명 |
| 빔의 중심(center) 위치 | 해당 위성이 송신하는 빔의 중심 위치 |
| 반송파 주파수 | 해당 위성이 사용하는 반송파 주파수 |
| 부반송파 간격 | 해당 위성이 송신하는 신호에 적용된 부반송파 간격 |
| Format | Number of Repetitions | CP Length(μs) | Preamble Length(μs) Excluding CP |
| A1 | 2 | 9.4 | 133 |
| A2 | 4 | 18.7 | 267 |
| A3 | 6 | 28.1 | 400 |
| B1 | 2 | 7.0 | 133 |
| B2 | 4 | 11.7 | 267 |
| B3 | 6 | 16.4 | 400 |
| B4 | 12 | 30.5 | 800 |
| C0 | 1 | 40.4 | 66.7 |
| C2 | 4 | 66.7 | 267 |
| 포맷 | LRA | ΔfRA | Nμ | Support for restricted sets | |
| A1 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 2·2048k·2-μ | 288k·2-μ | - |
| A2 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 4·2048k·2-μ | 576k·2-μ | - |
| A3 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 6·2048k·2-μ | 864k·2-μ | - |
| B1 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 2·2048k·2-μ | 216k·2-μ | - |
| B2 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 4·2048k·2-μ | 360k·2-μ | - |
| B3 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 6·2048k·2-μ | 504k·2-μ | - |
| B4 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 12·2048k·2-μ | 936k·2-μ | - |
| C0 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 2048k·2-μ | 1024k·2-μ | - |
| C2 | 139 | 15·2μ kHz | 4·2048k·2-μ | 2048k·2-μ | - |
| μ=0 (15kHz) | μ=1 (30kHz) | μ=2 (60kHz) | μ=3(120kHz) | |
| DRA(km) | 133.84 | 66.92 | 33.46 | 16.73 |
| μ=0 (15kHz) | μ=1 (30kHz) | μ=2 (60kHz) | μ=3(120kHz) | |
| DTA(km) | 603.48 | 302.79 | 152.45 | 77.27 |
Claims (20)
- 위성 통신을 지원하는 통신 시스템에서 단말의 빔 선택을 수행하는 방법에 있어서,상기 위성 통신을 지원하기 위한 고도각에 대한 제1 정보 및 빔의 중심에 대한 제2 정보를 수신하는 단계;상기 제1 정보 및 상기 제2 정보에 기반하여 빔의 커버리지를 결정하는 단계;상기 제2 정보에 기반하여 상기 단말 및 상기 빔의 중심 간 거리를 결정하는 단계; 및상기 빔의 커버리지 및 상기 거리에 기반하여, 상기 단말을 위한 서빙 빔을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 정보 및 상기 제2 정보는, 시스템 정보를 통해 수신되고,상기 시스템 정보는, 상기 단말을 위한 위성 통신을 지원하기 위한 반송파 주파수, 부반송파 간격, 최소 고도각(elevation angle), 최대 고도각, 프리앰블 정보, 상기 위성의 고도, 및 상기 빔의 중심 위치 중 적어도 하나를 더 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 제2 정보는, 상기 위성이 송신하는 빔의 중심 위치에 대한 정보를 포함하며,상기 제1 정보는, 상기 위성의 이동에 따라 상이한 값을 가지며,상기 서빙 빔은, 상기 고도각에 따라 상이한 크기를 가지는 빔의 커버리지를 고려하여 결정되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 반송파 주파수 및 상기 부반송파 간격 각각은, 상기 단말에 설정된 주파수 대역(frequency range, FR)에 따라 달라지며,FR1에서 지원되는 부반송파 간격은, 15, 30, 60 kHz이고,FR2에서 지원되는 부반송파 간격은 60 kHz, 120 kHz이고,상기 서빙 빔은, 상기 단말에 설정된 주파수 대역에 따라 상이한 크기를 가지는 빔의 커버리지를 고려하여 결정되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 빔의 커버리지는, 상기 단말을 위해 설정된 부반송파 간격, 주파수 대역, 상기 위성의 이동에 따른 고도각에 따라 달라지며,상기 빔의 커버리지는, 상기 부반송파 간격이 N에서 2N으로 증가함에 따라 1/2로 변화하고,상기 빔의 커버리지는, 상기 주파수 대역이 M에서 2M으로 증가함에 따라 1/5 크기로 변화하고,상기 서빙 빔은, 상기 위성의 이동에 따른 고도각을 고려하여 선택되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 빔의 커버리지는, 빔의 중심으로부터의 거리에 따른, 빔 중심에 기준한 보상 이후에 잔류하는 잔여 도플러 값의 변화 특성에 기반하여 결정되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 빔의 커버리지의 크기를 결정하는 단계는,상기 위성의 궤도 또는 고도, 상기 빔을 통해 송신되는 신호의 반송파 주파수에 기반하여 최대 잔여 도플러 값을 결정하는 단계;상기 최대 잔여 도플러 값 및 상기 신호의 부반송파 간격에 기반하여 상기 커버리지의 크기를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 위성에서 송신되는 MIB(master information block)에 포함되는 상기 부반송파 간격을 지시하는 파라미터를 확인하는 단계; 및상기 파라미터에 기반하여 상기 부반송파 간격을 확인하는 단계를 더 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 부반송파 간격을 확인하는 단계는,상기 부반송파 간격을 지시하는 파라미터를 수신한 주파수가 속한 FR(frequency range)에 기반하여 상기 파라미터를 해석하는 단계를 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 위성에 관련된 시스템 정보에 포함되는 상기 반송파 주파수를 지시하는 파라미터를 확인하는 단계를 더 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,시스템 정보를 통해 획득되는 정보에 기반하여 상기 빔의 중심의 위치 또는 상기 단말 및 상기 빔의 중심 간 거리를 추정하는 단계를 더 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,NTN 접속을 위한 보조 정보를 포함하는 SIB(system information block)에 포함되는 상기 빔의 중심의 위치에 대한 정보를 확인하는 단계를 더 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 서빙 빔을 선택하는 단계는,상기 거리가 상기 커버리지의 크기 이하이면, 상기 제1 정보 및 상기 제2 정보를 전달한 빔을 상기 서빙 빔으로서 선택하는 단계를 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 빔의 커버리지를 결정하는 단계는,시스템 정보에 기반하여 획득되는 제1 정보 셋에 기초하여 차등 지연을 고려한 제1 빔 크기를 결정하는 단계;상기 시스템 정보에 기반하여 획득되는 제2 정보 셋에 기초하여 도플러 천이에 대한 보상을 고려한 제2 빔 크기를 결정하는 단계; 및상기 제1 빔 크기와 상기 제1 빔 크기 중 더 작은 빔 크기를 기반으로 상기 위성에서 사용하는 빔의 커버리지의 크기를 결정하는 단계를 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 제1 정보 셋은, 최소 고도각, 프리앰블 정보, 부반송파 간격, 및 상기 위성의 고도 중 적어도 하나를 포함하며,상기 제2 정보 셋은, 상기 빔을 통해 송신되는 신호의 반송파 주파수, 상기 부반송파 간격, 최대 고도각, 및 상기 위성의 고도 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 차등 지연은, 최대 랜덤 억세스 거리, 및 최대 타이밍 어드밴스 거리 중 적어도 하나에 기반하여 제한되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 제1 빔 크기는, 랜덤 억세스 프리앰블 정보를 이용하여 계산되는 최대 랜덤 억세스 거리를 기반으로 결정되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 제1 정보 셋은, 최소 고도각을 포함하며,상기 최소 고도각은, 미리 정의되는 값을 포함하는 빔 선택 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 제2 정보 셋은, 최대 고도각을 포함하며,상기 최대 고도각은, NTN 접속을 위한 보조 정보를 포함하는 SIB에 포함되는 빔 선택 방법.
- 무선 통신 시스템에서 단말에 있어서,송수신기; 및상기 송수신기에 연결된 적어도 하나의 프로세서를 포함하며,상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는,상기 위성 통신을 지원하기 위한 고도각에 대한 제1 정보 및 빔의 중심에 대한 제2 정보를 수신하고,상기 제1 정보 및 상기 제2 정보에 기반하여 빔의 커버리지를 결정하고,상기 제2 정보에 기반하여 상기 단말 및 상기 빔의 중심 간 거리를 결정하고,상기 빔의 커버리지 및 상기 거리에 기반하여, 상기 단말을 위한 서빙 빔을 선택하도록 제어하는 단말.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23894780.8A EP4626055A4 (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2023-11-14 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING BEAM SELECTION IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SUPPORTING SATELLITE COMMUNICATION |
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| KR10-2022-0160442 | 2022-11-25 | ||
| KR1020220160442A KR102731966B1 (ko) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 빔 선택을 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| KR10-2023-0068270 | 2023-05-26 | ||
| KR1020230068270A KR102731967B1 (ko) | 2023-05-26 | 2023-05-26 | 위성 통신을 지원하는 통신 시스템에서 빔 선택을 수행하는 장치 및 방법 |
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09116479A (ja) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-05-02 | Motorola Inc | 軌道周回衛星に対する送信補償に用いる伝播遅延を概算するための方法および装置 |
| KR20180096242A (ko) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 최적 빔 표시 및 가이드 방법 및 장치 |
| CN114885287A (zh) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-09 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | 网络覆盖范围确定方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
-
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- 2023-11-14 EP EP23894780.8A patent/EP4626055A4/en active Pending
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| JPH09116479A (ja) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-05-02 | Motorola Inc | 軌道周回衛星に対する送信補償に用いる伝播遅延を概算するための方法および装置 |
| KR20180096242A (ko) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 최적 빔 표시 및 가이드 방법 및 장치 |
| CN114885287A (zh) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-08-09 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | 网络覆盖范围确定方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
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| See also references of EP4626055A4 * |
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| EP4626055A4 (en) | 2026-03-18 |
| EP4626055A1 (en) | 2025-10-01 |
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