WO2024113208A1 - 电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024113208A1
WO2024113208A1 PCT/CN2022/135300 CN2022135300W WO2024113208A1 WO 2024113208 A1 WO2024113208 A1 WO 2024113208A1 CN 2022135300 W CN2022135300 W CN 2022135300W WO 2024113208 A1 WO2024113208 A1 WO 2024113208A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
avoidance
pressure relief
bottom wall
battery cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/135300
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柯剑煌
陈小波
李耀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020247008873A priority Critical patent/KR20240088718A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2022/135300 priority patent/WO2024113208A1/zh
Priority to CN202280092803.7A priority patent/CN118743088A/zh
Priority to EP22958956.9A priority patent/EP4404348A4/en
Priority to JP2024515633A priority patent/JP7802918B2/ja
Priority to CN202320564146.3U priority patent/CN220306449U/zh
Priority to US18/604,490 priority patent/US20240222783A1/en
Publication of WO2024113208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024113208A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the safety of the battery.
  • a battery comprising: a casing including an electrical cavity; a battery cell group accommodated in the electrical cavity, the battery cell group comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, at least two battery cells in the battery cell group being provided with a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism being provided on a first wall of the battery cell; a support member attached to the first wall to support the battery cell, the support member comprising an avoidance cavity corresponding to at least two of the pressure relief mechanisms in the battery cell group, the avoidance cavity being used to provide a deformation space for actuating at least two pressure relief mechanisms.
  • the battery cell can be supported so that the first wall has good compressive strength.
  • the support member can withstand most or even all of the external pressure, thereby reducing or eliminating the impact of the external pressure on the battery cell and improving the pressure resistance and safety performance of the battery.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is also provided on the first wall of the battery cell, and the support member is provided with an avoidance cavity corresponding to at least two pressure relief mechanisms in the battery cell group.
  • the avoidance cavity of the support member can be used to provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism to avoid the support member blocking the pressure relief mechanism, thereby allowing the discharge of the battery cell to be discharged smoothly from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the surface of the support member close to the battery cell group is provided with an escape opening, at least two of the pressure relief mechanisms face the escape opening, and the escape cavity is connected to the escape opening.
  • the emissions from the battery cell enter the avoidance cavity through the avoidance opening and are discharged from the avoidance cavity.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism are likely to accumulate in the avoidance cavity, causing thermal impact on the pressure relief mechanism, thereby causing heat diffusion between the battery cells.
  • the emissions quickly enter the avoidance cavity through the avoidance opening and are discharged to the outside of the avoidance cavity, which is conducive to avoiding the heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance cavity, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the avoidance cavity and/or avoidance opening are continuously arranged along the first direction.
  • avoidance cavities can be continuously arranged along the first direction, and the avoidance cavities can correspond to a plurality of pressure relief mechanisms, and/or avoidance openings can be continuously arranged along the first direction, and the avoidance openings can correspond to a plurality of pressure relief mechanisms.
  • the structure is simple and easy to process and assemble the battery.
  • the avoidance cavity is provided with a weak area, and the weak area is used to allow the emission to pass through the weak area and be discharged from the avoidance cavity when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the emission discharged through the pressure relief mechanism enters the avoidance cavity and can be discharged through the weak area on the avoidance cavity, which can effectively avoid the heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emission in the avoidance cavity and realize directional emission.
  • the position of the weak area can be reasonably set to discharge emission from a specific area to avoid the influence of emission on other components, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the weak area is used to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the emissions are discharged from the avoidance chamber.
  • the avoidance chamber is in a relatively sealed state, which can effectively protect the avoidance chamber from being destroyed by external forces.
  • the weak area is easily destroyed, so that the emissions from the battery cell pass through the weak area and are discharged outside the avoidance chamber.
  • the avoidance cavity includes a bottom wall and a side wall, the bottom wall is arranged opposite to the first wall, the side wall is connected to the bottom wall and extends toward the first wall, and the weak area is arranged on the bottom wall and/or the side wall.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can be directly discharged through the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity to the outside of the avoidance cavity quickly, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism enter the avoidance cavity, they will be discharged toward the side wall of the avoidance cavity, and due to the blocking effect of the side wall of the avoidance cavity, they will accumulate in the area close to the side wall. Therefore, by setting a weak area on the side wall of the avoidance cavity, it is beneficial to discharge the emissions in time, and effectively avoid the accumulation of emissions on the side wall of the avoidance cavity.
  • the weak area is disposed at ends of the bottom wall and/or the side wall along the first direction.
  • the multiple pressure relief mechanisms corresponding to the avoidance chamber are arranged along the first direction, since the side wall at the end of the avoidance chamber is smaller than the other walls, the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism are most seriously accumulated at the bottom wall and/or the end of the side wall along the first direction of the avoidance chamber, which can easily cause thermal diffusion of the battery cell. Therefore, by setting the weak area at the end of the bottom wall and/or the side wall along the first direction, the thermal diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance chamber is effectively avoided, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the weak area satisfies:
  • d is the minimum thickness of the weak zone
  • E is the volume energy density of the battery cell.
  • the emissions generated by the battery cell can be discharged in a timely and smooth manner to improve the safety of the battery.
  • the d/E value is set too large, there may be a situation where the minimum thickness d of the weak zone of the avoidance cavity is set relatively large, while the volume energy density E of the battery cell is set relatively small. In this way, the temperature or pressure of the emissions discharged when the battery cell has thermal runaway is low.
  • the minimum thickness d of the weak zone of the avoidance cavity When the minimum thickness d of the weak zone of the avoidance cavity is set too large, it will make it difficult for the emissions to destroy the avoidance cavity and discharge the emissions in time, or it will take too long to destroy the avoidance cavity, which will eventually lead to the emissions being confined in the avoidance cavity under the pressure relief mechanism, and the space of the avoidance cavity is limited, which is easy to cause heat diffusion between battery cells. Therefore, the value of d/E should not be set too large.
  • the value of d/E should not be set too small. Due to the structural limitations of the battery cell itself, the volume energy density E of the battery cell has an upper limit. Therefore, if the value of d/E is set too small, that is, when the volume energy density E of the battery is constant, the minimum thickness d of the weak area of the avoidance cavity will be small, making the strength of the avoidance cavity structure insufficient, and it is easy to be damaged when the battery is used normally, thereby reducing the sealing of the avoidance cavity, and thus reducing the safety of the battery.
  • the weak area satisfies:
  • T1 is the melting point of the material in the weak zone
  • E is the volume energy density of the battery cell.
  • the value of T 1 /E in the embodiment of the present application should not be set too small. Due to the structural limitations of the battery cell itself, there is an upper limit value for the volume energy density E of the battery cell. Therefore, if the value of T 1 /E is too small, that is, when the volume energy density E of the battery cell is constant, the melting point T 1 of the material in the weak zone of the avoidance cavity will be small, which will increase the difficulty of material selection on the one hand, and on the other hand, the structural strength of the avoidance cavity will be insufficient. Since the battery temperature may rise during normal use, such as during charging and discharging, the weak zone of the avoidance cavity is easily softened or melted under normal use of the battery, which reduces the sealing of the avoidance cavity and reduces the safety of the battery.
  • T 1 /E in the embodiment of the present application should not be set too large. If the value of T 1 /E is too large, that is, the melting point T 1 of the material in the weak zone of the avoidance cavity is set relatively large, and the volume energy density E of the battery cell is set relatively small, accordingly, when the battery cell has thermal runaway, the temperature of the emission discharged through the pressure relief mechanism is low.
  • the thickness of the weak area is smaller than the thickness of the area on the avoidance cavity other than the weak area, so as to facilitate the processing and assembly of the battery.
  • the melting point of the material of the weak area is lower than the melting point of the material of the area other than the weak area on the avoidance cavity. Therefore, compared with the area other than the weak area on the avoidance cavity, the weak area is more sensitive to temperature.
  • the weak area can be melted promptly and quickly by the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge is quickly discharged from the avoidance cavity, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the weak area includes a through hole, and when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, the emissions pass through the through hole and are discharged from the avoidance chamber.
  • the through hole provided on the avoidance chamber is used as a weak area.
  • the weak area is convenient for battery processing and assembly.
  • the weak area is impacted by the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, the emissions can be discharged to the outside of the avoidance chamber in a timely and rapid manner through the through hole, which is conducive to improving the emission efficiency of the emissions and thus improving the safety of the battery.
  • the weak area further comprises a sealing structure for sealing the through hole, wherein the sealing structure is configured to be broken when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to allow the discharge of the battery cell to pass through the through hole.
  • the sealing structure provided in the embodiment of the present application can, on the one hand, maintain the sealing of the avoidance cavity during normal use of the battery cell, and prevent the external environment from affecting the pressure relief mechanism through the through hole of the avoidance cavity.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can promptly and smoothly destroy the sealing structure to expose the through hole, so that the emissions can be discharged from the avoidance cavity through the through hole, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the sealing structure is filled in the through hole to save the internal space of the battery, improve the space utilization of the battery, and facilitate the processing and assembly of the battery.
  • the sealing structure is disposed on an inner surface of the avoidance cavity corresponding to the through hole; and/or, the sealing structure is disposed on an outer surface of the avoidance cavity corresponding to the through hole.
  • the sealing structure when the sealing structure is arranged on the inner surface of the avoidance cavity corresponding to the through hole, the sealing structure is close to the pressure relief mechanism and can be quickly destroyed by the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the sealing structure can quickly respond to the temperature of the battery cell and melt the sealing structure quickly, which can avoid affecting the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism and discharge the emissions in a timely and smooth manner.
  • the sealing structure When the sealing structure is arranged on the outer surface of the avoidance cavity corresponding to the through hole, the distance between the sealing structure and the pressure relief mechanism can provide deformation space for the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism and avoid affecting the normal function of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the sealing performance of the avoidance cavity can be improved.
  • the avoidance cavity includes a bottom wall disposed opposite to the first wall, and along a second direction, distances between at least two regions of the bottom wall and a first plane where the first wall is located are unequal, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first wall.
  • the distances along the second direction between different areas of the bottom wall and the first plane can be reasonably set according to the amount of emissions accumulated in different areas of the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity.
  • the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity includes the first area and the second area, and when a battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, due to the effect of gravity, if the emissions from the battery cell collected in the first area are more than the emissions from the battery cell collected in the second area, the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity can be set such that the distance between the first area and the first plane is greater than the distance between the second area and the first plane, so as to avoid the influence of more emissions in the first area on the pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the first area, thereby avoiding the heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions discharged by the pressure relief mechanism in the avoidance cavity, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the distance between at least a portion of the bottom wall and the first plane along the second direction gradually increases, and/or, in the first direction, the distance between at least a portion of the bottom wall and the first plane along the second direction gradually decreases.
  • at least a portion of the bottom wall is inclined along the first direction, and due to gravity, the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can be accumulated in a specific area of the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity, and the specific area is also far away from the first plane, that is, by controlling the specific accumulation area of the emissions on the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity, the thermal impact on the battery cell can be reduced to improve the safety of the battery.
  • the distance between the bottom wall and the first plane along the second direction gradually increases or gradually decreases.
  • the size of the end side wall of the avoidance cavity along the first direction is small, the accumulation of the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism at the end position is more serious. Therefore, when the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity is set to be along the first direction, from the center of the bottom wall to the end of the bottom wall, the distance between the bottom wall and the first plane along the second direction gradually increases, because the distance between the end area of the bottom wall and the first plane along the second direction is large, when the battery has thermal runaway, there is a large space at the end position of the avoidance cavity along the first direction to accommodate the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism, thereby reducing the impact on the pressure relief mechanism and improving the safety of the battery.
  • the distance between the bottom wall and the first plane along the second direction gradually decreases, because the distance between the central area of the bottom wall and the first plane is large, under the influence of gravity, the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism will move to the central area of the bottom wall, thereby reducing the impact on the pressure relief mechanism, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the bottom wall includes a curved surface and/or a flat surface, so that the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can move smoothly on the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity, and it is also convenient for the processing and assembly of the battery.
  • the bottom wall is provided with a sedimentation groove opening toward the first wall, and along the second direction, the distance between the bottom wall of the sedimentation groove and the first plane is greater than the distance between the area on the bottom wall other than the sedimentation groove and the first plane.
  • the sedimentation groove has a certain depth to accommodate the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism, thereby avoiding the accumulation of the emissions in other areas of the bottom wall, reducing the impact on the pressure relief mechanism, and thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the sedimentation trough is located at the end of the bottom wall along the first direction.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism accumulate more seriously at the end side wall of the avoidance cavity.
  • the emissions can be accumulated in the sedimentation trough, thereby reducing the thermal impact on the pressure relief mechanism, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the bottom wall is provided with a plurality of the sedimentation grooves arranged at intervals along the first direction.
  • a plurality of sedimentation grooves can be provided at different areas of the bottom wall according to the amount of emissions accumulated in different areas of the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity, and the sedimentation grooves have a certain depth to accommodate emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism, so that when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, by providing sedimentation grooves for a plurality of areas of the bottom wall of the avoidance cavity with a large number of emissions, the emissions in the plurality of areas can be effectively prevented from affecting the corresponding pressure relief mechanisms, thereby avoiding heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance cavity, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery.
  • the battery further includes: a collection chamber for collecting emissions from the battery cells when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated; wherein the support member is also used to isolate the collection chamber from the electrical chamber.
  • the collection chamber can centrally collect and/or process the emissions when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and then discharge the emissions to the outside of the battery.
  • the support member can serve as an isolation component to separate the electrical chamber that accommodates the battery cells from the collection chamber that collects the emissions, thereby avoiding mutual influence between the two, preventing at least part of the emissions from entering the electrical chamber from the collection chamber, and avoiding heat diffusion.
  • the battery further comprises: a protective member, the protective member being used to enclose the support member to form the collection chamber.
  • a protective member By forming the collection chamber with the protective member and the support member, the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism can be effectively collected and buffered to reduce its danger.
  • the protective member can protect the support member to prevent the support member from being damaged by foreign matter.
  • the support is at least part of the wall of the box, and the support is used to allow the discharge from the battery cell to pass through the support and be discharged from the box when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the support is used to allow the discharge from the battery cell to pass through the support and be discharged from the box when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the support member is a thermal management component, which is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell.
  • the thermal management component can be used to cool or heat the battery cell to make the temperature of the battery relatively stable, so as to improve the working efficiency of the battery.
  • an electrical device comprising: the battery described in the first aspect, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, a ship, or a spacecraft.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is an exploded view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is another enlarged view of the portion A of the battery shown in FIG6 of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an avoidance cavity disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of another avoidance cavity disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another avoidance cavity disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of another avoidance cavity disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of an avoidance chamber provided with a sedimentation tank disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of an avoidance chamber provided with a sedimentation tank disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a avoidance chamber provided with a sedimentation trough disclosed in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
  • the electrode assembly can be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the protection measures include at least switching elements, selecting appropriate isolation membrane materials, and pressure relief mechanisms.
  • Switching elements refer to elements that can stop the battery from charging or discharging when the temperature or resistance inside the battery cell reaches a certain threshold.
  • the isolation membrane is used to isolate the positive and negative electrodes. When the temperature rises to a certain value, it can automatically dissolve the micron-level (even nano-level) micropores attached to it, so that metal ions cannot pass through the isolation membrane, terminating the internal reaction of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to different design requirements. The threshold may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, electrolyte and isolation membrane in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism can take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or a weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released.
  • the "actuation" mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism is in action or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell can be released.
  • the action produced by the pressure relief mechanism may include but is not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism is ruptured, broken, torn or opened, etc.
  • the emissions from the battery cells mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the isolation membrane, high-temperature and high-pressure gas produced by the reaction, flames, etc.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the safety of the battery. For example, when a short circuit or overcharge occurs, thermal runaway may occur inside the battery cell, causing a sudden increase in pressure or temperature. In this case, the internal pressure and temperature can be released to the outside by actuating the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the battery can be installed on the chassis of an electric vehicle and provide power for the electric vehicle.
  • the battery may be subject to adverse effects such as bumps and flying stones, which may impact the battery and cause bottom ball hits.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery and an electrical device, the battery comprising a box, a battery cell group and a support member, the battery cell group is accommodated in the electrical cavity of the box, the battery cell group comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, at least two battery cells in the battery cell group are provided with a pressure relief mechanism, the pressure relief mechanism is located on the first wall of the battery cell, the support member is attached to the first wall, the support member comprises an avoidance cavity corresponding to at least two pressure relief mechanisms in the battery cell group, the avoidance cavity is used to provide a deformation space for the actuation of at least two pressure relief mechanisms.
  • a support function can be provided to the battery cell, so that the first wall has a good compressive strength.
  • the support member can withstand most or even all of the external pressure, thereby reducing or eliminating the influence of the external pressure on the battery cell, and improving the pressure resistance and safety performance of the battery.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is also provided on the first wall of the battery cell, and the support member is provided with an avoidance cavity corresponding to at least two pressure relief mechanisms in the battery cell group.
  • the avoidance cavity of the support member can be used to provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism to avoid the support member blocking the pressure relief mechanism, thereby allowing the emissions of the battery cell to be smoothly discharged from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • Electrical equipment can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles.
  • New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • This application does not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a motor 40, a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be provided inside the vehicle 1.
  • the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40.
  • a battery 10 may be provided at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may be used to supply power to the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, for the circuit system of the vehicle 1, for example, for the working power requirements during the start-up, navigation and operation of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application can be a battery cell group or a battery pack.
  • the battery 10 may include at least one battery cell group, and the battery cell group includes multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells can be electrically connected in series, parallel or mixed to form the battery 10, wherein mixed refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • the battery 10 may also be referred to as a battery pack.
  • multiple battery cells can first be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules can then be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery 10.
  • multiple battery cells can directly form a battery 10, or they can be first formed into a battery module, and then the battery modules can be formed into a battery 10.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery 10 of an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the battery 10 of an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 shows another schematic diagram of the cross-section of the embodiment of the present application 10.
  • the battery 10 shown in Figures 3 and 4 may be a schematic diagram of the battery 10 shown in Figure 2.
  • the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application may include: a box body 11, including an electrical cavity; a battery cell group 200, accommodated in the electrical cavity 11a, the battery cell group 200 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged along a first direction X, at least two battery cells 20 in the battery cell group 200 are provided with a pressure relief mechanism 213, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is arranged on the first wall 25 of the battery cell 20; a support member 13, attached to the first wall 25 to support the battery cell 20, the support member 13 includes an avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to at least two of the pressure relief mechanisms 213 in the battery cell group 200, and the avoidance cavity 131 is used to provide a deformation space for actuating at least two of the pressure relief mechanisms 213.
  • the shape of the battery cell 20 of the embodiment of the present application can be set according to the actual application.
  • the battery cell 20 can be a polyhedron structure, which is formed by a plurality of walls. Therefore, the battery cell 20 can include a plurality of walls.
  • the first wall 25 of the battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the first wall 25 can be any wall of the battery cell 20.
  • the first wall 25 can be the wall with the smallest area of the battery cell 20; or, the first wall 25 can also be the wall with the largest area of the battery cell 20.
  • the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the electrical cavity 11a of the box body 11 of the embodiment of the present application is used to accommodate at least one battery cell 20, that is, the electrical cavity 11a provides an installation space for the battery cell 20.
  • the electrical cavity 11a may be sealed or unsealed.
  • the shape of the electrical cavity 11a can be determined according to the battery cell 20 accommodated.
  • the electrical cavity 11a can be a hollow cuboid, which is formed by at least six walls to facilitate processing.
  • the electrical cavity 11a of the embodiment of the present application can be formed in a variety of ways.
  • the box body 11 may include a plurality of parts of the same or different shapes, and the plurality of parts are interconnected and buckled to form a hollow cuboid, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the electrical cavity 11a of the embodiment of the present application has no limitation on the number of battery cells 20 that can be accommodated.
  • other components may be disposed in the electrical cavity 11a.
  • the electrical cavity 11a may also include a structure for fixing the battery cells 20.
  • the electrical cavity 11a of the embodiment of the present application can also be used to accommodate the busbar component 12, that is, the electrical cavity 11a provides installation space for the battery cell 20 and the busbar component 12.
  • the busbar component 12 is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20, such as parallel connection, series connection, or mixed connection.
  • the busbar component 12 can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals 214 of the battery cells 20.
  • the busbar component 12 can be fixed to the electrode terminals 214 of the battery cells 20 by welding.
  • the material of the support member 13 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be a material with good ductility and high strength, which can buffer and withstand external pressure and has high compressive strength.
  • the material of the support member 13 can be a metal material, such as copper, aluminum, etc.
  • the material of the support member 13 can also be a non-metallic material with a certain strength, such as mica, ceramics, etc.
  • the support member 13 of the embodiment of the present application includes an avoidance cavity 131, which is used to provide deformation space for the actuation of at least two of the pressure relief mechanisms 213.
  • the "deformation space” involved in the embodiment of the present application refers to the space required inside or outside the pressure relief mechanism 213 in the actuation direction (i.e., the direction of destruction) during the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 213 (for example, at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 213 is destroyed).
  • the battery cell 20 can be supported, so that the first wall 25 has good compressive strength.
  • the support member 13 can resist most or even all of the external pressure, thereby reducing or eliminating the influence of the external pressure on the battery cell 20, and improving the pressure resistance and safety performance of the battery 10.
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 is also provided on the first wall 25 of the battery cell 20, and the support member 13 is provided with an avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to at least two pressure relief mechanisms 213 in the battery cell group 20.
  • the avoidance cavity 131 of the support member 13 can be used to provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 213, so as to avoid the support member 13 blocking the pressure relief mechanism 213, thereby allowing the discharge of the battery cell 20 to be discharged smoothly from the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the box body 11 of the embodiment of the present application can be implemented in a variety of ways, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the box body 11 may include a first cover body 110 with an opening, and the support member 13 covers the opening of the first cover body 110 to form the electrical cavity 11a.
  • the wall used to form the electrical cavity 11a includes the first cover body 110 and the support member 13.
  • the first cover body 110 can also be implemented in a variety of ways.
  • the first cover body 110 can be a hollow integrated structure with an opening at one end; or, the first cover body 110 can also include a first part 111 and a second part 112 with openings on two opposite sides, the first part 111 covers one side opening of the second part 112 to form the first cover body 110 with an opening at one end, and the support member 13 covers the other side opening of the second part 112 to form the electrical cavity 11a.
  • the box body 11 may also include a closed second cover body, and the second cover body may be used to form the electrical cavity 11a, or, by arranging the support member 13 inside the second cover body, the electrical cavity 11a is isolated inside the second cover body, and further, the collecting cavity 11b may also be isolated.
  • the second cover body may also be implemented in a variety of ways, for example, the second cover body may include a third part and a fourth part, one side of the fourth part has an opening to form a semi-enclosed structure, the support member 13 is arranged inside the fourth part, and the third part covers the opening of the fourth part, thereby forming a closed second cover body.
  • the battery 10 further includes: a collection chamber 11b, which is used to collect emissions from the battery cell 20 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated; wherein the support member 13 in the implementation of the present application is also used to isolate the collection chamber 11b from the electrical chamber 11a.
  • the collection chamber 11b can centrally collect and/or process emissions from the battery cell 20 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, and then discharge the emissions to the outside of the battery 10.
  • the support member 13 in the embodiment of the present application can be used as an isolation component to separate the electrical chamber 11a that accommodates the battery cell 20 from the collection chamber 11b that collects emissions, to avoid mutual influence between the two, and to prevent at least part of the emissions from the collection chamber 11b from entering the electrical chamber 11a, thereby avoiding heat diffusion.
  • the collection chamber 11b in the embodiment of the present application can be sealed or unsealed.
  • the collection chamber 11b can contain air. Or other gases.
  • the collection chamber 11b can also contain liquid, such as a cooling medium, or a component of the liquid is provided to further cool the exhaust entering the collection chamber 11b.
  • the gas or liquid in the collection chamber 11b can be arranged to circulate.
  • the above-mentioned support member 13 may include a wall shared by the electrical cavity 11a and the collecting cavity 11b, and the support member 13 or part of it can directly serve as the wall shared by the electrical cavity 11a and the collecting cavity 11b, thereby reducing the distance between the electrical cavity 11a and the collecting cavity 11b, saving space for the battery 10, and improving the space utilization of the box body 11.
  • the battery 10 further includes: a protective member 113, which is used to enclose the support member 13 to form the above-mentioned collection chamber 11b.
  • the protective member 113 and the support member 13 form the collection chamber 11b, which can effectively collect and buffer the emissions discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213 to reduce its danger.
  • the protective member 113 can protect the support member 13 to prevent the support member 13 from being damaged by foreign objects.
  • the support member 13 in the embodiment of the present application may be a thermal management component 139, which is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20.
  • the thermal management component 139 can be used to cool or heat the battery cell 20 to make the temperature of the battery 10 relatively stable, so as to improve the working efficiency of the battery 10.
  • the thermal management component 139 in the embodiment of the present application can contain fluid or solid-liquid phase change material to adjust the temperature of multiple batteries 20, or the thermal management component 139 can include a flow channel, which can be used to contain fluid or solid-liquid phase change material.
  • the fluid can be a liquid or a gas
  • the original state of the solid-liquid phase change material is solid, and it can become a liquid after absorbing heat. Adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling multiple battery cells 20.
  • the thermal management component 139 is used to contain cooling fluid or solid-liquid phase change material to reduce the temperature of multiple battery cells 20.
  • the thermal management component 139 can also be called a cooling component, a cooling system or a cooling plate, etc., and the fluid contained therein can also be called a cooling medium or a cooling fluid, more specifically, a coolant or a cooling gas.
  • the thermal management component 139 in the embodiment of the present application can also be used for heating to heat up multiple battery cells 20, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the fluid can be circulated to achieve a better temperature regulation effect.
  • the above-mentioned fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the connection method between the thermal management component 139 and the battery cell 20.
  • the thermal management component 139 and the battery cell 20 can be fixed by an adhesive.
  • the support member 13 in the battery 10 may be at least part of the wall of the box 11, and the support member 13 is used to allow the emissions from the battery cell 20 to pass through the support member 13 and be discharged from the box 11 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the support member 13 as at least part of the wall of the box 11, the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be directly discharged to the outside of the box 11 through the support member 13, which can save the space of the battery 10, improve the space utilization of the box 11, facilitate the installation of the battery 10, and improve the processing efficiency of the battery 10.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be discharged to the outside of the box 11 by destroying at least part of the support member 13.
  • a balancing valve may be provided on the support member 13, and when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the balancing valve may be destroyed so that the emissions generated by the battery cell 20 are discharged to the outside of the box body 11 through the balancing valve. It should be understood that the above-mentioned method of discharging the emissions to the outside of the box body 11 is only an example, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery cell 20 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 5 may be any one of the battery cells 20 in the battery 10 shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a shell 21, and the shell 21 may include a plurality of walls, that is, a hollow shell 21 is formed by enclosing a plurality of walls.
  • the shell 21 may include a shell 211 and a cover plate 212.
  • the wall of the shell 211 and the cover plate 212 are both referred to as the wall of the battery cell 20.
  • the shape of the shell 211 may be determined according to the shape of the one or more electrode assemblies 22 inside.
  • the shell 211 may be a hollow cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, and at least one face of the shell 211 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 22 can be placed in the shell 211.
  • at least one plane of the shell 211 is an open surface, that is, the open surface has no wall so that the inside and outside of the shell 211 are connected.
  • each of the two end faces of the shell 211 can be an open surface, that is, the end face has no wall so that the inside and outside of the shell 211 are connected.
  • at least one cover plate 212 at least one opening of the shell 211 can be covered respectively, and each cover plate 212 is connected to the shell 211 to form a closed cavity for placing the electrode assembly 22.
  • the shell 211 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided on the first wall 25 of the battery cell 20 of the embodiment of the present application, and the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to actuate to release the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold value.
  • the first wall 25 can be any wall of the battery cell 20.
  • the first wall 25 can be the wall with the largest area of the battery cell 20.
  • the first wall 25 can be the wall with the smallest area of the battery cell 20, for example, the first wall 25 can be the bottom wall of the shell 211, so as to facilitate installation.
  • the embodiment of the present application is mainly described by taking the first wall 25 as the bottom wall of the shell 211 of the battery cell 20 as an example; and for the sake of convenience, the first wall 25 is separated from the shell 211 in FIG5, but this does not limit the bottom side of the shell 211 to have or not have an opening, that is, the bottom wall and the side wall of the shell 211 can be an integral structure or two independent parts connected together.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a part of the first wall 25, or may be a separate structure from the first wall 25, and may be fixed to the first wall 25 by, for example, welding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a part of the first wall 25, that is, the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be integrally formed with the first wall 25, the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be formed by providing a notch or a groove on the first wall 25, and the notch makes the thickness of the area where the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the first wall 25 is located smaller than the thickness of other areas of the first wall 25 except the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the battery cell 20 When too much gas is generated by the battery cell 20, so that the internal pressure of the housing 211 increases and reaches a threshold value, or the internal reaction of the battery cell 20 generates heat, causing the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 to increase and reach a threshold value, the battery cell 20 may rupture at the notch, causing the inside and outside of the housing 21 to communicate, and the gas pressure and temperature are released outward through the rupture of the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 of the embodiment of the present application may be various possible pressure relief structures, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value; and/or, the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value.
  • the housing 21 of the battery cell 20 may also be provided with an electrode terminal 214, and the wall where the electrode terminal 214 is located may be the same as or different from the first wall 25.
  • the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the example that the wall where the electrode terminal 214 is located is different from the first wall 25.
  • the wall where the electrode terminal 214 is located is arranged opposite to the first wall 25.
  • the wall where the electrode terminal 214 is located may be the cover plate 212 of the battery cell 20, so that the discharge discharged from the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 213 will not affect the electrode terminal 214, thereby avoiding short circuit and improving the safety of the battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 may include at least two electrode terminals 214, and the at least two electrode terminals 214 may be arranged on the same wall, or may also be arranged on different walls.
  • FIG5 takes the example that the battery cell 20 includes two electrode terminals 214, and the two electrode terminals 214 are arranged on a flat plate-shaped cover plate 212.
  • the at least two electrode terminals 214 may include at least one positive electrode terminal 214a and at least one negative electrode terminal 214b.
  • each electrode terminal 214 of the embodiment of the present application is used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 22 to output electric energy.
  • each electrode terminal 214 may be provided with a corresponding connection member 23, or may also be called a current collecting member 23, which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214.
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first pole tab 221 and a second pole tab 222.
  • the polarities of the first pole tab 221 and the second pole tab 222 are opposite.
  • the first pole tab 221 is a positive pole tab
  • the second pole tab 222 is a negative pole tab.
  • the first pole tab 221 of one or more electrode assemblies 22 is connected to one electrode terminal through a connecting member 23, and the second pole tab 222 of one or more electrode assemblies 22 is connected to another electrode terminal through another connecting member 23.
  • the positive electrode terminal 214 is connected to the positive pole tab through a connecting member 23, and the negative electrode terminal 214 is connected to the negative pole tab through another connecting member 23.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be provided as a single one or multiple ones according to actual use requirements. As shown in FIG. 5 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are provided in the battery cell 20 , but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include a pad 24, which is located between the electrode assembly 22 and the bottom wall of the shell 211, and can support the electrode assembly 22, and can also effectively prevent the electrode assembly 22 from interfering with the fillets around the bottom wall of the shell 211.
  • the pad 24 may be provided with one or more through holes, for example, multiple evenly arranged through holes may be provided, or, when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is provided on the bottom wall of the shell 211, through holes may be provided corresponding to the position of the pressure relief mechanism 213 to facilitate liquid and gas conduction. Specifically, this allows the spaces on the upper and lower surfaces of the pad 24 to be connected, and the gas and electrolyte generated inside the battery cell 20 can freely pass through the pad 24.
  • FIG6 shows another cross-sectional schematic diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 shown in FIG6 may be the battery 10 shown in FIG2.
  • the cross section shown in FIG6 is perpendicular to the cross sections shown in FIG3 and FIG4.
  • the cross section shown in FIG6 may be a cross section of the battery 10 perpendicular to the third direction Y
  • the cross sections shown in FIG3 and FIG4 may be a cross section of the battery 10 perpendicular to the first direction X, wherein the first direction X is perpendicular to the third direction Y.
  • first direction X or the third direction Y may be the arrangement direction of the plurality of battery cells 20 in FIG2 or FIG6.
  • the first direction X and the third direction Y may also be parallel to the first wall 25, that is, parallel to the first plane where the first wall 25 is located.
  • the surface of the support member 13 of the embodiment of the present application close to the battery cell group 200 is provided with an escape opening 132, at least two of the pressure relief mechanisms 213 face the escape opening 132, and the escape cavity 131 is connected to the escape opening 132.
  • the escape opening 132 on the surface of the support member 13 close to the battery cell group 20
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 213 can quickly enter the escape cavity 131 through the escape opening 132, avoiding the exhaust from accumulating in the electrical cavity 11a, thereby minimizing the exhaust from conducting the electrical connection components in the electrical cavity 11a and causing a short circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
  • the emissions from the battery cell 20 enter the avoidance chamber 131 through the avoidance opening 132 and are discharged from the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 are easily accumulated in the avoidance chamber 131, causing a thermal impact on the pressure relief mechanism 213, thereby causing heat diffusion between the battery cells 20.
  • the emissions quickly enter the avoidance chamber 131 through the avoidance opening 132 and are discharged to the outside of the avoidance chamber 131, which is conducive to avoiding the heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance chamber 131, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the avoidance cavity 131 and/or the avoidance opening 132 may be continuously arranged along the first direction X.
  • the avoidance chamber 131 can correspond to a plurality of pressure relief mechanisms 213, and/or, continuously arranging the avoidance opening 132 along the first direction X, the avoidance opening 132 can correspond to a plurality of pressure relief mechanisms 213.
  • the structure is simple and easy to process and assemble the battery 10.
  • the discharge from the battery cell 20 enters the avoidance cavity 131 through the avoidance opening 132, and can be discharged from the avoidance cavity 131 in a variety of ways.
  • the avoidance cavity 131 can be reasonably arranged to avoid the discharge from the avoidance cavity 131 from damaging the battery 10, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery 10.
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial enlarged view of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the area A shown in FIG. 6.
  • the avoidance cavity 131 in the embodiment of the present application may be provided with a weak area 133, and the weak area 133 is used to allow the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 to pass through the weak area 133 and be discharged from the avoidance cavity 131 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 212 enter the avoidance cavity 131 and can be discharged through the weak area 133 on the avoidance cavity 131, which can effectively avoid the heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance cavity 131 and realize directional discharge.
  • the position of the weak area 133 can be reasonably set to discharge the emissions from a specific area to avoid the influence of the emissions on other components, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the weak area 133 can be implemented in a variety of ways.
  • the weak area 133 can be used to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated so that the emissions are discharged from the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the avoidance chamber 131 is in a relatively sealed state, which can effectively protect the avoidance chamber 131 from being destroyed by external forces.
  • the weak area 133 on the avoidance chamber 131 is less than the strength of the area on the avoidance chamber 131 other than the weak area 133, the weak area 133 is easily destroyed so that the emissions from the battery cell 20 pass through the weak area 133 and are discharged from the outside of the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the avoidance cavity 131 may include a bottom wall 134 and a side wall 135, the bottom wall 134 is arranged opposite to the first wall 25, the side wall 135 is connected to the bottom wall 134 and extends toward the first wall 25, and the weak area 133 is arranged on the bottom wall 134 and/or the side wall 135.
  • the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 is accumulated on the bottom wall 134 under the action of gravity, and can be directly discharged to the outside of the avoidance cavity 131 through the weak area 133 of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 will enter the avoidance chamber 213 and will be discharged toward the side wall 135 of the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the emissions will accumulate in the area close to the side wall 135. Therefore, by providing a weak area 133 on the side wall 135 of the avoidance chamber 131, it is beneficial to discharge the emissions in a timely manner, thereby effectively avoiding the accumulation of emissions on the side wall 135 of the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the weak area 133 may be disposed at the end of the bottom wall 134 and/or the side wall 135 along the first direction X.
  • the emissions are usually seriously accumulated at the intersection of the bottom wall 134 and the side wall 135 of the avoidance cavity 131.
  • an airflow channel will be formed at the sealing failure position of the intersection.
  • the airflow generated during the thermal runaway of the battery 10 will carry the emissions to the intersection of the bottom wall 134 and the side wall 135 of the avoidance cavity 131, thereby aggravating the emissions at the bottom wall 134 and the side wall 135 of the avoidance cavity 131.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 are most seriously accumulated at the end of the bottom wall 134 and/or the side wall 135 of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction, which has a greater impact on the pressure relief mechanism 213 and is likely to cause thermal diffusion of the battery cell 20. Therefore, by setting the weak area 133 at the end of the bottom wall 134 and/or the side wall 135 along the first direction X, the thermal diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance cavity 131 is effectively avoided, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the weak area 133 satisfies:
  • d is the minimum thickness of the weak area 133
  • E is the volume energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the minimum thickness d of the weak zone 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 may be set relatively large, while the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 may be set relatively small. In this way, the temperature or pressure of the exhaust discharged when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway is low.
  • the minimum thickness d of the weak zone 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 is set too large, it will make it difficult for the exhaust to destroy the avoidance cavity 131 and discharge the exhaust in time, or it will take too long to destroy the avoidance cavity 131, which will eventually lead to the exhaust being confined in the avoidance cavity 131 under the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the space of the avoidance cavity 131 is limited, and the accumulated exhaust will have an adverse effect on the corresponding battery cell 20, which will easily cause the thermal diffusion phenomenon between the battery cells 20. Therefore, the value of d/E should not be set too large.
  • the value of d/E should not be set too small. Due to the structural limitations of the battery cell 20 itself, the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 has an upper limit. Therefore, if the value of d/E is set too small, that is, when the volume energy density E of the battery 10 is constant, the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 will be small, making the structural strength of the avoidance cavity 131 insufficient, and it is easy to be damaged when the battery 10 is used normally, thereby reducing the sealing of the avoidance cavity 131, and thus reducing the safety of the battery 10.
  • the value of d/E in the embodiments of the present application should not be set too large or too small.
  • the value of d/E can be set to: 1 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.1 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.2 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.3 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.5 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.7 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.9 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 2.0 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 3.0 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L) / Wh, 4.0 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 5.0 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 5.5 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 6.0 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 6.5 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 6.7 ⁇ 10
  • the weak area 133 in the embodiment of the present application also satisfies:
  • the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 should not be set too large or too small.
  • the value range of the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 is [0.1mm, 1.5mm]; for another example, the value range of the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 can also be set to [0.13mm, 1.0mm], so that when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the time consumed by the emissions generated by it to destroy the weak area 133 is shorter.
  • the value of the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 is set too small, it may cause the strength of the weak area 131 to be insufficient, and it is easy to cause the weak area 133 to be damaged and cracked under normal use of the battery 10, affecting the sealing of the avoidance cavity 131; if the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 is set too large, when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the emissions generated are difficult to destroy the weak area 133 or the time consumed by the emissions to destroy the weak area 133 is too long, exacerbating the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery 10.
  • the minimum thickness d of the weak zone 133 can be set to 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm or 1.5mm, or its value is within the range obtained by combining any two of the above values.
  • the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 should not be set too large or too small.
  • the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 can be set according to the actual application. For example, the value range of the volume energy density of the battery cell 20 is [500Wh/L, 1000Wh/L]. If the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 is set too small, it cannot meet the energy demand of the battery 10; if the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 is set too large, it will increase the processing difficulty of the battery cell 20 and make it difficult to achieve.
  • the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 can be set to 500Wh/L, 550Wh/L, 600Wh/L, 650Wh/L, 700Wh/L, 750Wh/L, 800Wh/L, 850Wh/L, 900Wh/L, 950Wh/L or 1000Wh/L, or its value is within the range obtained by combining any two of the above values.
  • the performance test results of the weak area 133 under the same experimental conditions are shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Performance test results of different embodiments and comparative examples.
  • the first column of data represents the value of the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples
  • the second column of data represents the value of the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 of different embodiments and comparative examples
  • the third column of data represents the ratio of the minimum thickness d of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples to the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20
  • the fourth column represents the performance test results of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples under the experimental conditions of simulating vibration impact, wherein the vibration impact simulates the external force that the battery 10 may be subjected to during normal use, and the test results include the weak area 133 is not damaged and the weak area 133 is damaged
  • the fifth column represents the performance test results of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples under the experimental conditions of simulating thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, and the test results include the weak area 133 is damaged by the emissions discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213 and the weak area 133 is not damaged by
  • the value range of d/E in Examples 1 to 9 is [1 ⁇ 10 -4 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 3 ⁇ 10 -3 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh].
  • the weak area 133 in the battery 10 corresponding to Examples 1 to 9 is not damaged, that is, the weak area 133 can ensure good performance during normal use of the battery 10; at the same time, under the experimental conditions simulating thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can promptly and smoothly destroy the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131, and promptly discharge the emissions to the outside of the avoidance cavity 131, thereby avoiding the occurrence of thermal diffusion of the battery 10.
  • the values of d/E in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are 8.0 ⁇ 10 -5 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 6.0 ⁇ 10 -5 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh and 4.0 ⁇ 10 -5 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, respectively. Due to the small value of d/E, under the experimental conditions of simulating vibration impact, the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 in the battery 10 corresponding to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are all destroyed. At this time, the strength of the weak area 133 on the avoidance cavity 131 is low, and it is easy to be damaged under normal vehicle driving conditions, affecting the airtightness of the avoidance cavity 131, thereby reducing the safety of the battery 10.
  • the values of d/E in Comparative Examples 4 to 6 are 3.4 ⁇ 10 -3 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, 3.8 ⁇ 10 -3 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh and 4.2 ⁇ 10 -3 (mm ⁇ L)/Wh, respectively.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 are difficult to damage the weak area 133, so that the emissions are discharged outside the avoidance cavity 131, so that a large amount of emissions are accumulated inside the avoidance cavity 131, which may cause the occurrence of thermal diffusion of the battery 10, thereby affecting the safety of the battery 10. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the battery 10, the value of d/E in the embodiment of the present application should not be too large or too small.
  • the weak area 133 satisfies:
  • T1 is the melting point of the material of the weak area 133
  • E is the volume energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the volume energy density E of the battery cell has an upper limit due to the structural limitation of the battery cell 20 itself. That is, when the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 is constant, the melting point T 1 of the material of the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 will be small, which will increase the difficulty of material selection on the one hand, and make the structural strength of the avoidance cavity 131 insufficient on the other hand. Since the temperature of the battery 10 may rise during normal use of the battery 10, such as during the charging and discharging process, the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 is easily softened or melted under normal use of the battery 10, which reduces the sealing of the avoidance cavity 131 and reduces the safety of the battery 10.
  • T 1 /E the melting point T 1 of the material of the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 is set relatively large, and the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 is set relatively small, accordingly, when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the temperature of the emission discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 is low.
  • the melting point T 1 of the material of the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 is set too large, it will make it difficult for the emission to melt the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 and discharge the emission in time, or it will take too long to melt the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131, thereby causing the emission to be confined in the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the space of the avoidance cavity 131 is limited, so that the pressure relief mechanism 213 is thermally affected, which is easy to cause heat diffusion between the battery cells 20.
  • the value of T 1 /E in the embodiment of the present application should not be set too large or too small.
  • the value of T 1 /E can be set to: 0.10 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.11 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.12 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.13 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.14 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.15 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.16 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.17 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.18 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.19 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.20 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.24 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.26 (°C ⁇ L )/Wh, 0.28(°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.30(°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.40(°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.50(°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.60(°C ⁇ L)/
  • the melting point T1 of the material of the weak zone 133 should not be set too large or too small.
  • the melting point T1 of the material of the weak zone 133 has a value range of [100°C, 600°C]; for another example, the melting point T1 of the material of the weak zone 133 can also be set to [100°C, 400°C], so that when the battery cell 20 has thermal runaway, the time consumed by the generated emissions to destroy the weak zone 133 is shorter.
  • the melting point T1 of the material of the weak zone 133 can be set to 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C or 600°C, or a value within the range obtained by combining any two of the above values.
  • the performance test results of the weak region 133 under the same experimental conditions are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Performance test results of different embodiments and comparative examples.
  • the first column of data represents the values of the melting point T1 of the material of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples;
  • the second column of data represents the values of the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20 of different embodiments and comparative examples;
  • the third column of data represents the ratio of the melting point T1 of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples to the volume energy density E of the battery cell 20;
  • the fourth column represents the performance test results of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples under the experimental conditions of simulating vibration impact, wherein the vibration impact simulates the external force that the battery 10 may be subjected to during normal use, and the test results include the weak area 133 is not damaged and the weak area 133 is damaged (melting or softening occurs);
  • the fifth column represents the performance test results of the weak area 133 of different embodiments and comparative examples under the experimental conditions of simulating thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, and the test results include the weak area 133 is damaged by the discharge discharged by the pressure relief
  • T 1 /E in Examples 1 to 9 is [0.10 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.20 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh].
  • the weak area 133 in the battery 10 corresponding to Examples 1 to 9 is not damaged; at the same time, under the experimental conditions of simulating thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can timely and smoothly destroy the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131, and timely discharge the exhaust outside the avoidance cavity 131, thereby avoiding the occurrence of thermal diffusion of the battery 10.
  • the values of T 1 /E in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are 0.08 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 0.06 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh and 0.04 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, respectively. Since the values of T 1 /E are relatively small, under the experimental conditions of simulating vibration impact, the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is destroyed (softened or melted), affecting the airtightness of the avoidance cavity 131, thereby reducing the safety of the battery 10.
  • the values of T 1 /E in Comparative Examples 4 to 6 are 1.40 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, 1.60 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh and 2.00 (°C ⁇ L)/Wh, respectively. Since the value of T 1 /E is relatively large, under the experimental condition of simulating thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 do not destroy (are difficult to melt or difficult to melt in time) the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131, so that a large amount of emissions accumulate inside the avoidance cavity 131, which may cause the occurrence of thermal diffusion of the battery 10. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the battery 10, the value of T 1 /E in the embodiment of the present application should not be too large or too small.
  • the implementation of the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 can be flexibly set according to the actual application.
  • the thickness of the above-mentioned weak area 133 can be set to be less than the thickness of the area other than the weak area 133 on the avoidance cavity 131, so as to facilitate the processing and assembly of the battery 10.
  • the thickness of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 can be set to be greater than the thickness of the weak area 133 on the side wall 135.
  • the minimum thickness D of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 can be set to meet: d ⁇ (D-0.2mm).
  • the melting point of the material of the weak area 133 can be set to be lower than the melting point of the material of the area other than the weak area 133 on the avoidance cavity 131. Therefore, compared with the area other than the weak area 133 on the avoidance cavity 131, since the weak area 133 is more sensitive to temperature, when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the weak area 133 can be melted promptly and quickly by the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213, so that the discharge is quickly discharged from the avoidance cavity 131, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery 10.
  • the melting point of the material of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 should be set to be greater than the melting point of the material of the weak area 133 on the side wall 135.
  • the above-mentioned setting methods of the weak area 133 involved in the embodiment of the present application can be used independently, or can also be used in combination.
  • the weak area 133 of the embodiment of the present application can also be improved by combining the scheme of setting the melting point of the material of the weak area 133 to be lower and reducing the thickness of the weak area 133, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • FIG8 and FIG9 respectively show partial enlarged views of the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 and FIG9 may be enlarged views of the area A in the battery 10 shown in FIG6.
  • the weak area of the avoidance chamber 131 includes a through hole 136.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 When the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can pass through the through hole 136 and be discharged from the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the through hole 136 provided on the avoidance chamber 131 as the weak area 133, on the one hand, it is convenient for processing and assembling the battery 10.
  • the exhaust can be discharged to the outside of the avoidance chamber 131 in a timely and rapid manner through the through hole 136, which is conducive to improving the exhaust efficiency of the exhaust and thus improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the weak area 133 of the avoidance cavity 131 in the embodiment of the present application further includes a sealing structure 137 for sealing the through hole 136, and the sealing structure 137 is used to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, so that the discharge of the battery cell 20 passes through the through hole 136.
  • the sealing structure 137 provided in the embodiment of the present application, on the one hand, the sealing of the avoidance cavity 131 can be maintained during the normal use of the battery cell 20, and the influence of the external environment on the pressure relief mechanism 213 through the through hole 136 of the avoidance cavity 131 can be avoided.
  • the discharge discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can promptly and smoothly destroy the sealing structure 137 to expose the through hole 136, so that the discharge is discharged from the avoidance cavity 131 through the through hole 136, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the sealing structure 137 in the embodiment of the present application may be filled in the above-mentioned through hole 136 so as to save the internal space of the battery 10 , improve the space utilization of the battery 10 , and facilitate the processing and assembly of the battery 10 .
  • the sealing structure 137 in the embodiment of the present application may be disposed on the inner surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136; and/or, the sealing structure 137 may be disposed on the outer surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136.
  • the sealing structure 137 when the sealing structure 137 is disposed on the inner surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136, since the sealing structure 137 is close to the pressure relief mechanism 213, it can be quickly destroyed by the discharge discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the sealing structure 137 can quickly respond to the temperature of the battery cell 20, so that the sealing structure 137 is quickly melted, which can avoid affecting the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 213, and discharge the discharge in a timely and smooth manner.
  • the sealing structure 137 is disposed on the outer surface of the avoidance chamber 131 corresponding to the through hole 136, the distance between the sealing structure 137 and the pressure relief mechanism 213 can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 213 to be actuated, thereby avoiding affecting the normal function of the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the sealing structure 137 by disposing the sealing structure 137 on both the inner surface and the outer surface of the avoidance chamber 131 corresponding to the through hole 136, the sealing performance of the avoidance chamber 131 can be improved.
  • the sealing structure 137 in the embodiment of the present application may be provided simultaneously on the inner surface and the outer surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136 , and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this as an example.
  • the inner surface corresponding to the through hole 136 of the embodiment of the present application is: the surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136 facing the inside of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X
  • the outer surface corresponding to the through hole 136 is: the surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136 away from the inside of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X.
  • the material of the sealing structure 137 involved in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to the actual application.
  • the sealing structure 137 in the embodiment of the present application may include: polypropylene (PP), whose melting point is about 190°C; soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (polyfluroroalkoxy, PFA), whose melting point is about 300°C; polyimide (PI), whose melting point is about 350°C; silicone rubber (whose melting point is about 350°C); fluororubber (whose melting point is about 400°C); or tin (whose melting point is about 232°C), etc.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PFA soluble polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PI polyimide
  • silicone rubber whose melting point is about 350°C
  • fluororubber whose melting point is about 400°C
  • tin whose melting point is about 232°C
  • the material of the area other than the weak area 133 or the sealing structure 137 on the avoidance cavity 131 in the embodiment of the present application may be aluminum alloy (whose melting point is 660°C), as an example, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the sealing structure 137 in the embodiment of the present application can be filled in the through hole 136 in an embedded form by an adhesive, or the sealing structure 137 can be fixed to the inner surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136 by an adhesive, and/or fixed to the outer surface of the avoidance cavity 131 corresponding to the through hole 136.
  • the material of the adhesive involved in the embodiment of the present application may include: epoxy structural adhesive, acrylate structural adhesive, polyimide structural adhesive, maleimide structural adhesive, polyurethane structural adhesive or acrylic glue, etc., as examples, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • Figures 10 to 13 respectively show cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application, and the battery 10 shown in Figures 10 to 13 may be the battery 10 shown in Figure 2, and the cross sections shown in Figures 10 to 13 are all cross-sectional diagrams of the battery 10 along a direction perpendicular to the third direction Y, for example, the cross sections shown in Figures 10 to 13 are perpendicular to the cross sections shown in Figure 3 or Figure 4; and the cross sections shown in Figures 10 to 13 are parallel to the cross sections shown in Figure 6.
  • the avoidance cavity 131 of the embodiment of the present application includes a bottom wall 134 arranged opposite to the first wall 25, and along the second direction Z, the distances between at least two regions of the bottom wall 134 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located are not equal, and the second direction Z is perpendicular to the first wall 25.
  • the distances between different regions of the bottom wall 134 and the first plane along the second direction Z can be reasonably set according to the amount of emissions accumulated in different regions of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131.
  • the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 includes a first area and a second area, and in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, due to the effect of gravity, if the emissions from the battery cell 20 collected in the first area are greater than the emissions from the battery cell 20 collected in the second area, then the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 can be set so that the distance between the first area and the first plane is greater than the distance between the second area and the first plane, so as to avoid the influence of more emissions in the first area on the pressure relief mechanism 213 corresponding to the first area, thereby avoiding heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 in the avoidance cavity 131, which is beneficial to improving the safety performance of the battery 10.
  • the second direction Z of the embodiment of the present application is perpendicular to the first wall 25 , that is, perpendicular to the first plane where the first wall 25 is located.
  • the second direction Z may also be perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the second direction Z may also be the height direction of the battery cell 20 .
  • At least two areas of the bottom wall 134 of the embodiment of the present application may refer to any area of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131.
  • the first area and the second area included in the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 may be any two non-overlapping areas of the bottom wall 134. It should be understood that the areas of the first area and the second area on the bottom wall 134 may be the same or different.
  • the distance between the first area and the first plane along the second direction Z in the embodiment of the present application may refer to the average value, maximum value or minimum value of the distance between all points on the first area and the first plane; correspondingly, the distance between the second area and the first plane along the second direction Z in the embodiment of the present application may also refer to the average value, maximum value or minimum value of the distance between all points on the second area and the first plane.
  • the distance between the first area and the first plane along the second direction Z can be the minimum value of the distances between all points on the first area and the first plane.
  • the distance between the second area and the first plane along the second direction Z can also be the minimum value of the distances between all points on the second area and the first plane.
  • the minimum value corresponding to the first area is not equal to the minimum value corresponding to the second area. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • the distance between at least a portion of the bottom wall 134 and the first plane along the second direction Z gradually increases, and/or, in the first direction X, the distance between at least a portion of the bottom wall 134 and the first plane along the second direction Z gradually decreases.
  • at least a portion of the bottom wall 134 satisfies: in the first direction X, the portion is inclined relative to the first plane. In this way, since at least a portion of the bottom wall 134 is inclined along the first direction X, due to the effect of gravity, the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 can be accumulated in a specific area of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance chamber 13.
  • the emissions will be more concentratedly accumulated in an area of the bottom wall 134 that is farther from the first plane along the second direction Z.
  • the specific area is also far from the first plane, the thermal impact on the battery cell 20 can be reduced by controlling the specific accumulation area of the emissions on the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance chamber 131, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the distance between the bottom wall 134 and the first plane along the second direction Z gradually increases or decreases.
  • the distance between the area closer to the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 and the first plane is represented as L1
  • the distance between the area farther from the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 and the first plane is represented as L2, and L1 is less than L2.
  • the discharge on the bottom wall 134 will accumulate at a place farther from the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131.
  • the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213 accumulates more seriously at the end position of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X.
  • the distance between the bottom wall 134 and the first plane along the second direction Z gradually increases, because the distance between the end area of the bottom wall 134 along the first direction X and the first plane along the second direction Z is relatively large, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery 10, although the emissions are seriously accumulated at the end position of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X, there is a large space to accommodate the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213, thereby reducing the impact on the pressure relief mechanism 213 and improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the distance between the area closer to the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance chamber 131 and the first plane is represented as L3
  • the distance between the area farther from the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance chamber 131 and the first plane is represented as L4, and L3 is smaller than L4. Therefore, under the action of gravity, the discharge on the bottom wall 134 will accumulate at a location away from the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance chamber 131.
  • the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213 accumulates more seriously at the end position of the avoidance chamber 131 along the first direction X. Therefore, when the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 is set to be along the first direction X, from the center of the bottom wall to the end of the bottom wall 134, the distance between the bottom wall 134 and the first plane along the second direction Z gradually decreases, because the distance between the central area of the bottom wall 134 along the first direction X and the first plane along the second direction Z is relatively large, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery 10, the discharge at the end position of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X can move toward the center of the bottom wall 134 through the slope on the bottom wall 134, thereby reducing the impact on the pressure relief mechanism 213 and improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the above-mentioned bottom wall 134 can be set to a curved surface and/or a flat surface to facilitate the exhaust discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 to move smoothly on the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131, and also facilitate the processing and assembly of the battery 10.
  • the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 in the embodiment of the present application which is arranged opposite to the first wall 25, may be provided with a sedimentation groove 138 whose opening faces the first wall 25, and along the second direction Z, the distance between the bottom wall of the sedimentation groove 138 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located is greater than the distance between the area on the bottom wall 134 other than the sedimentation groove 138 and the first plane, wherein the second direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the sedimentation groove 138 by providing the sedimentation groove 138 whose opening faces the first wall 25 on the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131, when the pressure relief mechanism 213 is actuated, since there is a sedimentation groove of a certain depth on the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131, the sedimentation groove 138 has a certain depth to accommodate the discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213, thereby avoiding the accumulation of the discharge in other areas on the bottom wall 134, reducing the impact on the pressure relief mechanism 213, and thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • Figures 14 to 16 respectively show cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 shown in Figures 14 to 16 may be the battery 10 shown in Figure 2.
  • the cross sections shown in Figures 14 to 16 are all cross-sectional diagrams of the battery 10 along a direction perpendicular to the third direction Y.
  • cross sections shown in Figures 14 to 16 are perpendicular to the cross sections shown in Figures 3 or 4; and the cross sections shown in Figures 14 to 16 are parallel to the cross sections shown in Figure 6 and are also parallel to the cross sections shown in Figures 10 to 13.
  • the bottom wall 134 of the embodiment of the present application may be provided with one or more deposition grooves 138.
  • the depth H1 of the deposition groove 138 is greater than the depth H2 of the area of the bottom wall 134 other than the deposition groove 138.
  • the depth H1 of the deposition groove 138 is the distance between the bottom wall of the deposition groove 138 and the first wall 25 along the second direction Z; the depth H2 of the area of the bottom wall 134 other than the deposition groove 138 is the distance between the area and the first wall 25 along the second direction Z.
  • the depth H1 of the sedimentation groove 138 in the embodiment of the present application may refer to: the average value, maximum value or minimum value of the distance between all points on the bottom wall of the sedimentation groove 138 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located; correspondingly, the depth H2 of the bottom wall 134 other than the sedimentation groove 138 may refer to: the average value, maximum value or minimum value of the distance between all points on the bottom wall 134 other than the sedimentation groove 138 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located.
  • the distance along the second direction Z between the bottom wall of the deposition trough 138 and the first plane can be the minimum value of the distance between all points on the bottom wall of the deposition trough 138 and the first plane.
  • the distance along the second direction Z between the area of the bottom wall 134 other than the deposition trough 138 and the first plane can also be the minimum value of the distance between all points on the area of the bottom wall 134 other than the deposition trough 138 and the first plane, and the minimum value corresponding to the bottom wall of the deposition trough 138 is greater than the minimum value corresponding to the area of the bottom wall 134 other than the deposition trough 138, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the sedimentation groove 138 on the bottom wall 134 in the avoidance cavity 131 is located at the end position of the bottom wall 134 along the first direction X.
  • the size of the end side wall of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X is small, the high-temperature and high-pressure emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 are more seriously accumulated at the end side wall of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X.
  • the sedimentation groove 138 is arranged at the end position of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X.
  • the sedimentation groove 138 can accommodate emissions so that most of the emissions are accumulated in the sedimentation groove 138.
  • the thermal impact of the emissions on the battery cell 20 can be reduced, and heat diffusion can be avoided, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 in the embodiment of the present application may be provided with a plurality of deposition grooves 138 arranged at intervals along the first direction X.
  • a plurality of sedimentation grooves 138 can be provided at different areas of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 according to the amount of emissions accumulated in different areas.
  • the sedimentation grooves 138 have a certain depth to accommodate emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213.
  • the sedimentation grooves 138 are deep, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 20, by providing sedimentation grooves 138 for a plurality of specific areas with more emissions on the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131, the emissions in the plurality of specific areas can be effectively prevented from affecting the corresponding pressure relief mechanisms 213, thereby preventing heat diffusion caused by the accumulation of emissions in the avoidance cavity 131. That is, the thermal impact on the battery cell 20 can be reduced by controlling the specific sedimentation grooves 138 on the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131, which is beneficial to improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131 of the embodiment of the present application may also be provided with a plurality of sedimentation grooves 138 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and the plurality of sedimentation grooves 138 correspond one-to-one to the pressure relief mechanisms 213 of the plurality of battery cells 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 of each battery cell 20 when the pressure relief mechanism 213 of each battery cell 20 is actuated, the exhaust material discharged from the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be accumulated in the sedimentation groove 138 corresponding thereto, thereby avoiding thermal influence on other battery cells 20 and avoiding heat diffusion, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the depths of the multiple deposition grooves 138 arranged at intervals along the first direction X of the bottom wall 134 of the embodiment of the present application may be the same or different.
  • the depths of the multiple deposition grooves 138 when the depths of the multiple deposition grooves 138 are set to be the same, it is convenient for processing and assembly of the battery 10.
  • the depths of the multiple deposition grooves 138 can also be designed according to the amount of discharge accumulation in different areas on the bottom wall 134, that is, the depths of the multiple deposition grooves 138 may be unequal.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure discharge discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 213 accumulates more seriously at the end side wall of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X, so a deeper deposition groove 138 can be set near the end of the avoidance cavity 131 along the first direction X, and a shallower deposition groove 138 can be set near the center of the bottom wall 134 of the avoidance cavity 131.
  • the distance H1 between the bottom wall of the above-mentioned sedimentation trough 138 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located should not be set too large or too small, and the value of the distance H1 can be specifically set according to the actual application.
  • the value range of the distance H1 between the bottom wall of the sedimentation trough 138 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located is [0.1mm, 25mm]; for another example, the value range of the distance H1 between the bottom wall of the sedimentation trough 138 and the first plane where the first wall 25 is located is [3mm, 20mm]. If the above-mentioned distance H1 is set too small, it will be difficult to meet the actual needs of the battery 10.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 213 will be excessively accumulated in the sedimentation groove 138.
  • the distance between the emissions and the first wall 25 of the battery cell 20 is too small, which will affect the corresponding battery cell 20, and easily cause heat diffusion between the multiple battery cells 20 opposite to the sedimentation groove 138, and at the same time have a thermal impact on other adjacent battery cells 20, thereby reducing the safety of the battery 10. If the distance H is set too large, the space utilization rate inside the battery 10 will be low, thereby increasing the processing cost of the battery 10.
  • the value of the above distance H can be set to 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, 20mm, 21mm, 22mm, 23mm, 24mm or 25mm, or its value is within the range obtained by combining any two of the above values.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池和用电设备。该电池包括：箱体，包括电气腔；电池单体组，容纳于该电气腔，该电池单体组包括沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体，该电池单体组中的至少两个电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构设置于该电池单体的第一壁；支撑件，附接于该第一壁以支撑该电池单体，该支撑件包括对应于该电池单体组中至少两个该泄压机构的避让腔，该避让腔用于为至少两个泄压机构致动提供变形空间。本申请实施例的电池和用电设备，能够增强电池的安全性能。

Description

电池和用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池和用电设备。
背景技术
随着电池技术的不断进步，各种以电池作为储能设备的新能源产业得到了迅猛的发展。目前，在电池技术的发展过程中，除了提高电池性能外，电池的安全问题也是一个难以忽视的重要问题。如果电池安全问题难以得到保证，那该电池就无法投入使用。因此，如何提升电池的安全性能是电池技术领域中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池和用电设备，能够提高电池的安全性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：箱体，包括电气腔；电池单体组，容纳于该电气腔，该电池单体组包括沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体，该电池单体组中的至少两个电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构设置于该电池单体的第一壁；支撑件，附接于该第一壁以支撑该电池单体，该支撑件包括对应于该电池单体组中至少两个该泄压机构的避让腔，该避让腔用于为至少两个泄压机构致动提供变形空间。
因此，在本申请实施例中，通过在该电池中设置支撑件，且该支撑件附接于电池单体的第一壁，可对电池单体提供支撑作用，以使得第一壁具有较好的抗压强度。当外部压力作用于电池时，设置的支撑件可抵挡大部分乃至全部的外部压力，从而减小或者消除外部压力对电池单体的影响，提升电池的抗压性能和安全性能。此外，电池单体的第一壁上还设置有泄压机构，该支撑件设置有对应于该电池单体组中至少两个泄压机构的避让腔，这样，在泄压机构致动时，支撑件的避让腔可以用于为泄压机构提供变形空间，避免支撑件阻挡泄压机构，进而使得电池单体的排放物能够顺利从泄压机构排出。
在一些实施例中，该支撑件的靠近该电池单体组的表面设置有避让开口，至少两个该泄压机构面向该避让开口，该避让腔与该避让开口连通。从而，通过在支撑件的靠近电池单体组的表面设置避让开口，在泄压机构致动时，从该泄压机构排出的排放物可经该避让开口快速进入避让腔，避免排放物在电气腔内堆积，从而尽量避免排放物导通电气腔中的电连接部件而发生短路，进而提高电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，在泄压机构致动时，来自电池单体的排放物经由避让开口进入该避让腔并从该避让腔排出。在电池单体发生热失控时，由于避让腔内部空间有限，经过泄压机构排出的排放物易在避让腔中堆积对该泄压机构产生热影响，进而引起电池单体之间的热扩散，本申请实施例，排放物经由该避让开口快速进入避让腔，并将该排放物排出至该避让腔的外部，有利于避免排放物在避让腔中堆积所引起的热扩散，从而提升了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该避让腔和/或避让开口沿该第一方向连续设置。这样，在本申请实施例中，沿第一方向可以连续设置避让腔，该避让腔可对应于多个泄压机构，和/或，沿第一方向连续设置避让开口，该避让开口可对应于多个泄压机构，那么，对于沿第一方向排列的多个泄压机构，可以避免其中存在一个或者多个泄压机构未对应避让腔或者未对应避让开口，即避免存在相邻两个避让腔之间的泄压机构未对应避让腔的情况，也避免存在相邻两个避让开口之间的泄压机构未对应避让开口的情况，使得沿第一方向排列的多个泄压机构中的每个泄压机构排出的排放物均可以经由该避让开口进入该避让腔，同时，该结构简单，易于电池的加工和组装。
在一些实施例中，该避让腔设置有薄弱区，该薄弱区用于在该泄压机构致动时，使该排放物穿过该薄弱区以从该避让腔排出。这样，在电池单体发生热失控时，经过泄压机构排出的排放物进入避让腔后，可以通过避让腔上的薄弱区排出，既可以有效避免了排放物在避让腔中堆积所引起的热扩散，又可以实现定向排放，例如，可以通过合理设置薄弱区的位置，以从特定的区域排出排放物，避免排放物对其他部件的影响，从而提升了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区用于在该泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使该排放物从该避让腔排出。这样，在泄压机构未致动时，例如，电池正常使用过程中，该避让腔处于相对密封状态，可有效保护该避让腔不被外力所破坏。当泄压机构致动时，由于避让腔上的薄弱区的强度小于该避让腔上除该薄弱区以外的区域的强度，所以该 薄弱区易于被破坏，以使来自电池单体的排放物穿过该薄弱区排出避让腔的外部。
在一些实施例中，该避让腔包括底壁和侧壁，该底壁与该第一壁相对设置，该侧壁连接于该底壁并朝向该第一壁延伸，该薄弱区设置于该底壁和/或该侧壁。
在本申请实施例中，当薄弱区设置于避让腔的底壁时，在电池单体发生热失控的情况下，经泄压机构排出的排放物可直接通过避让腔的底壁快速排出至避让腔的外部，进而提升了电池的安全性。另外，在电池单体发生热失控的情况下，由于经泄压机构排出的高温高压排放物进入避让腔时，会向避让腔的侧壁方向排放，而由于避让腔的侧壁的阻挡作用，会在靠近侧壁的区域堆积，因此，通过在避让腔的侧壁设置薄弱区，有利于将排放物及时地排出，有效避免了排放物在避让腔的侧壁处的堆积。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区设置于该底壁和/或该侧壁沿该第一方向的端部。
在本申请实施例中，在电池单体发生热失控时，由于避让腔的侧壁对排放物的阻挡，排放物通常在避让腔的底壁和侧壁的相交处堆积较为严重，同时，在一些情况下，由于避让腔的底壁和侧壁的相交处的密封性较差，会在该相交处的密封失效位置处形成气流通道，在内外压强差的作用下，电池热失控过程中产生的气流会携带排放物向避让腔的底壁和侧壁的相交处移动，进而加剧排放物在避让腔的底壁和侧壁的相交处堆积；另外，避让腔对应的多个泄压机构沿第一方向排列的情况下，由于避让腔端部侧壁相较于其他壁的尺寸较小，因而经泄压机构排出的排放物在避让腔的底壁和/或侧壁沿第一方向的端部处的堆积最为严重，易于造成电池单体的热扩散，从而通过将薄弱区设置于该底壁和/或该侧壁沿该第一方向的端部，有效避免了排放物在避让腔中堆积所引起的热扩散，从而提升了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区满足：
Figure PCTCN2022135300-appb-000001
其中，d为薄弱区的最小厚度，E为电池单体的体积能量密度。
因此，在本申请实施例中，通过合理设置d/E的值，可使得电池单体产生的排放物能够及时并顺利地排出，以提升电池的安全性。具体地，若d/E值设置的过大，则可能存在该避让腔的薄弱区的最小厚度d设置的相对较大，而电池单体的体积能量密度E设置的相对较小的情况。这样，该电池单体发生热失控时所排出的排放物的温度或者压力偏低，当避让腔的薄弱区的最小厚度d设置得过大时，会使得排放物难以破坏避让腔以及时将排放物排出，或者破坏该避让腔所耗费的时间过长，最终导 致排放物被限制在泄压机构下的避让腔中，而避让腔的空间有限，这样易引起电池单体之间的热扩散现象。因此，d/E的值不宜设置的过大。
相反地，d/E的值也不宜设置的过小。由于电池单体自身的结构限制，电池单体的体积能量密度E存在上限值。因而，若d/E的值设置的过小，即在电池的体积能量密度E一定的情况下，会导致避让腔的薄弱区的最小厚度d较小，使得避让腔结构的强度不足，易在电池正常使用的情况下发生破损，进而降低了避让腔的密封性，也就降低了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区满足：
Figure PCTCN2022135300-appb-000002
其中，T 1为薄弱区的材料的熔点，E为电池单体的体积能量密度。
因此，在本申请实施例中，通过合理设置T 1/E的值，可使得电池单体产生的排放物能够及时并顺利地排出，以提升电池的安全性。从而，本申请实施例中的T 1/E的取值不宜设置的过小。由于电池单体自身的结构限制，电池单体的体积能量密度E存在上限值。因而，若T 1/E的取值过小，即在电池单体的体积能量密度E一定的情况下，会导致避让腔的薄弱区的材料的熔点T 1的取值较小，一方面会增加材料选择的难度，另一方面也会使得避让腔的结构强度不足，由于电池在正常使用状态下，例如充放电过程中，也可能存在电池温度升高的情况，那么该避让腔的薄弱区易在电池正常使用情况下被软化或者熔化，降低了避让腔的密封性，也就降低了电池的安全性。
本申请实施例中的T 1/E的取值不宜设置的过大。若T 1/E的值过大，即该避让腔的薄弱区的材料的熔点T 1设置的相对较大，且电池单体的体积能量密度E设置的相对较小，相应的，该电池单体发生热失控时经泄压机构所排出的排放物的温度偏低，当避让腔的薄弱区的材料的熔点T 1设置得过大时，会使得排放物难以熔化避让腔的薄弱区以及时将排放物排出，或者熔化该避让腔的薄弱区所耗费的时间过长，进而导致排放物被限制在泄压机构所对应的避让腔中，而避让腔的空间有限，这样易引起电池单体之间的热扩散现象。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区的厚度小于避让腔上除该薄弱区以外的区域的厚度，以便于电池的加工和组装。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区的材料的熔点小于该避让腔上除该薄弱区以外的区域的材料的熔点。从而，相较于避让腔上除薄弱区以外的区域，该薄弱区对于温 度较为灵敏，当泄压机构致动时，该薄弱区能够被泄压机构排出的排放物及时并快速地熔化，以使该排放物迅速排出避让腔的外部，有利于提升电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区包括通孔，在该泄压机构致动时，该排放物穿过该通孔从该避让腔排出。这样，将避让腔上设置的通孔作为薄弱区，一方面，便于电池加工与组装，另一方面，在薄弱区受到来自泄压机构排放的排放物的冲击时，可通过通孔及时并快速地将排放物排出至避让腔的外部，有利于提高排放物的排放效率，进而提升电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该薄弱区还包括用于密封该通孔的密封结构，该密封结构用于在该泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使该电池单体的排放物穿过该通孔。
通过本申请实施例设置的密封结构，一方面可以在电池单体正常使用过程中保持避让腔的密封性，避免外部环境通过避让腔的通孔对泄压机构的影响。另一方面，当电池单体发生热失控时，经过泄压机构排出的排放物可及时并顺利地破坏该密封结构，以露出通孔，以将该排放物穿过通孔排出避让腔外部，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该密封结构填充于该通孔，以便于节省电池的内部空间，提高电池的空间利用率，同时便于电池的加工与组装。
在一些实施例中，该密封结构设置于该避让腔的与该通孔对应的内表面；和/或，该密封结构设置于该避让腔的与该通孔对应的外表面。
这样，当密封结构设置于避让腔的与通孔对应的内表面时，密封结构距离泄压机构较近，能够被经泄压机构排出的排放物快速破坏，例如，该密封结构能够快速响应于电池单体的温度，而使密封结构被快速熔化，可避免影响泄压机构致动，并及时并顺利的排出排放物。而当密封结构设置于避让腔的与通孔对应的外表面时，该密封结构与泄压机构之间的距离能够为泄压机构致动提供变形空间，避免影响泄压机构的正常功能。其次，通过将该密封结构同时设置于避让腔的与通孔对应的内表面与外表面时，可提高避让腔的密封性。
在一些实施例中，该避让腔包括与该第一壁相对设置的底壁，沿第二方向，该底壁的至少两个区域与该第一壁所在的第一平面之间的距离不相等，该第二方向与该第一壁垂直。
在本申请实施例中，可以根据该避让腔的底壁的不同区域中堆积的排放物的多少，合理设置底壁的不同区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向的距离。例如，若避让 腔的底壁包括第一区域与第二区域，且电池单体发生热失控时，由于受重力的作用，若第一区域中收集的来自电池单体的排放物多于第二区域中收集的来自电池单体的排放物，则可将该避让腔的底壁设置为第一区域与第一平面之间的距离大于第二区域与第一平面之间的距离，以避免第一区域内较多的排放物对该第一区域对应的泄压机构的影响，也就避免经泄压机构排出的排放物在避让腔中的堆积所引起的热扩散，有利于提升电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，在该第一方向上，该底壁的至少部分区域与该第一平面之间沿该第二方向的距离逐渐增加，和/或，在该第一方向上，该底壁的至少部分区域与该第一平面之间沿该第二方向的距离逐渐减小。这样，该底壁存在至少部分区域沿第一方向倾斜，由于重力作用，可实现经泄压机构排出的排放物在避让腔的底壁的特定区域的堆积，并且，该特定区域距离第一平面的距离也较远，即可通过控制排放物在避让腔的底壁上的特定堆积区域来降低对电池单体的热影响，以提升电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，在第一方向上，自底壁的中心向底壁的端部，该底壁与第一平面之间沿第二方向的距离逐渐增加或者逐渐减小。
在本申请实施例中，由于避让腔的沿第一方向的端部侧壁的尺寸较小，导致经泄压机构排出的排放物在该端部位置的堆积更为严重。因此，当避让腔的底壁设置为沿第一方向，自底壁的中心向底壁的端部，该底壁与第一平面之间沿第二方向的距离逐渐增加时，由于底壁的端部区域与第一平面沿第二方向之间的距离较大，在电池发生热失控时，该避让腔的沿第一方向的端部位置处有较大的空间以容纳经泄压机构排出的排放物，从而减小对泄压机构的影响，提升了电池的安全性。相应的，当避让腔的底壁设置为自该底壁的中心向底壁的两端，该底壁与第一平面之间沿第二方向的距离逐渐减小时，由于该底壁的中心区域与第一平面之间的距离较大，在重力的影响下，经泄压机构排出的排放物会向该底壁的中心区域移动，从而减小对泄压机构的影响，进而提升了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该底壁包括弧面和/或平面，以便于经泄压机构排出的排放物在避让腔的底壁上平滑移动，同时也便于电池的加工与组装。
在一些实施例中，该底壁设置有开口朝向该第一壁的沉积槽，沿该第二方向，该沉积槽的槽底壁与该第一平面之间的距离大于该底壁上除该沉积槽以外的区域与该第一平面之间的距离。
这样，通过在避让腔的底壁上设置开口朝向第一壁的沉积槽，在泄压机构致动时，由于避让腔的底壁上存在一定深度的沉积槽，该沉积槽具有一定的深度以容纳经泄压机构排出的排放物，避免该排放物在底壁上其它区域的堆积，减少对泄压机构的影响，进而提升电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该沉积槽位于该底壁沿该第一方向的端部。在本申请实施例中，由于避让腔端部侧壁的尺寸较小，经泄压机构排出的高温高压排放物在避让腔的端部侧壁处的堆积更为严重，通过将该沉积槽设置于底壁沿第一方向的端部位置，可实现排放物在该沉积槽中的堆积，从而减少对泄压机构的热影响，进而提升电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该底壁设置有沿该第一方向间隔排列的多个该沉积槽。在本申请实施例中，可以根据避让腔的底壁的不同区域中堆积的排放物的多少，在底壁的不同区域处设置多个沉积槽，该沉积槽具有一定的深度以容纳经泄压机构排出的排放物，从而，在电池单体发生热失控时，通过为避让腔的底壁的排放物较多的多个区域设置沉积槽，可有效避免该多个区域内的排放物对其所对应的泄压机构的影响，进而避免了排放物在避让腔中堆积所引起的热扩撒，有利于提升电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该电池还包括：收集腔，用于在该泄压机构致动时收集来自电池单体的排放物；其中，该支撑件还用于隔离该收集腔与该电气腔。该收集腔在泄压机构致动时可以集中收集和/或处理该排放物，再将排放物排除至电池的外部。同时，支撑件可作为隔离部件将容纳电池单体的电气腔与收集排放物的收集腔进行分离，避免二者之间的相互影响，可防止至少部分排放物从收集腔进入电气腔，避免热扩散。
在一些实施例中，该电池还包括：防护构件，该防护构件用于与该支撑件围合形成该收集腔。通过防护构件与支撑件形成收集腔，可以有效地收集和缓冲经泄压机构排出的排放物，降低其危险性。同时，该防护构件可以对支撑件起到防护作用，以防止支撑件被异物所破坏。
在一些实施例中，该支撑件为该箱体的壁的至少部分，该支撑件用于在该泄压机构致动时使来自该电池单体的排放物穿过该支撑件并排出该箱体。这样，通过将该支撑件作为箱体的壁的至少部分，从而经泄压机构排出的排放物可以通过该支撑件直接排出箱体的外部，可以节省电池的空间，提高箱体的空间利用率，便于电池的 安装，提高电池的加工效率。
在一些实施例中，该支撑件为热管理部件，该热管理部件用于调节该电池单体的温度。例如，该热管理部件可以用于给电池单体降温或者升温，以使得该电池的温度相对稳定，以提高电池的工作效率。
第二方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括：第一方面所述的电池，该电池用于为该用电设备提供电能。
在一些实施例中，该用电设备可为车辆、船舶或者航天器。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的截面示意图；
图4是本申请另一实施例公开的一种电池的截面示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的截面示意图；
图7是本申请图6所示的电池的A部分的一例放大图；
图8是本申请图6所示的电池的A部分的另一例放大图；
图9是本申请图6所示的电池的A部分的又一例放大图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的一例避让腔的结构示意图；
图11是本申请一实施例公开的另一例避让腔的结构示意图；
图12是本申请一实施例公开的又一例避让腔的结构示意图；
图13是本申请一实施例公开的还一例避让腔的结构示意图；
图14是本申请一实施例公开的一种设置有沉积槽的避让腔的结构示意图；
图15是本申请另一实施例公开的一种设置有沉积槽的避让腔的结构示意图；
图16是本申请又一实施例公开的一种设置有沉积槽的避让腔的结构示意图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成设备的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电 池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)或聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
对于电池单体来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，同时还有适宜的环境温度设计，为了有效地避免不必要的损失，对电池单体一般会有至少三重保护措施。具体而言，保护措施至少包括开关元件、选择适当的隔离膜材料以及泄压机构。开关元件是指电池单体内的温度或者电阻达到一定阈值时而能够使电池停止充电或者放电的元件。隔离膜用于隔离正极片和负极片，可以在温度上升到一定数值时自动溶解掉附着在其上的微米级(甚至纳米级)微孔，从而使金属离子不能在隔离膜上通过，终止电池单体的内部反应。
泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行 动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构在致动时，电池单体的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池的安全性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力或温度骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力及温度向外释放。
在电池的正常使用过程中，可能会不可避免地受到外力的冲击，从而会在一定程度上对电池单体造成损坏，进而影响电池的安全性能。例如，在一些应用场景中，电池可安装于电动汽车的底盘，并为该电动汽车提供电力，汽车行驶过程中可能会受到颠簸、飞石等不良影响，进而对电池产生冲击和底部球击。
鉴于此，本申请的实施例提供了一种电池和用电设备，该电池包括箱体、电池单体组和支撑件，该电池单体组容纳于该箱体的电气腔，该电池单体组包括沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体，该电池单体组中的至少两个电池单体设置有泄压机构，该泄压机构位于该电池单体的第一壁，该支撑件附接于第一壁，该支撑件包括对应于电池单体组中至少两个泄压机构的避让腔，该避让腔用于为至少两个泄压机构致动提供变形空间。这样，在本申请实施例中，通过在该电池中设置支撑件，且该支撑件附接于电池单体的第一壁，可对电池单体提供支撑作用，以使得第一壁具有较好的抗压强度。当外部压力作用于电池时，设置的支撑件可抵挡大部分乃至全部的外部压力，从而减小或者消除外部压力对电池单体的影响，提升电池的抗压性能和安全性能。此外，电池单体的第一壁上还设置有泄压机构，该支撑件设置有对应于该电池单体组中至少两个泄压机构的避让腔，这样，在泄压机构致动时，支撑件的避让腔可以用于为 泄压机构提供变形空间，避免支撑件阻挡泄压机构，进而使得电池单体的排放物能够顺利从泄压机构排出。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，下述实施例为了简洁，以用电设备为车辆为例进行详细说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，本申请实施例中的电池10可以是电池单体组也可以是电池包。电池10可以包括至少一个电池单体组，电池单体组包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联进行电连接形成电池10，其中混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池10也可以称为电池包。例如，多个电池单体可以先通过串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池10。也即是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池10，也可以通过先组成电池模块，再将电池模块组成电池10。
图2示出了本申请实施例的电池10的分解结构示意图；图3示出了本申请实施例的电池10的截面示意图，图4示出了本申请实施例10的另一例截面示意图，例如，图3和图4所示的电池10可以为图2所示的电池10的示意图。
如图2至图4所示，本申请实施例的电池10可以包括：箱体11，包括电气腔；电池单体组200，容纳于该电气腔11a，该电池单体组200包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体20，该电池单体组200中的至少两个电池单体20设置有泄压机构213，该泄压机构213设置于该电池单体20的第一壁25；支撑件13，附接于该第一壁25以支撑该电池单体20，支撑件13包括对应于该电池单体组200中至少两个该泄压机构213的避让腔131，该避让腔131用于为至少两个该泄压机构213致动提供变形空间。
应理解，本申请实施例的电池单体20的形状可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，该电池单体20可以为多面体结构，该多面体结构由多个壁围合形成，因此，该电池单体20可以包括多个壁。其中，该电池单体20的第一壁25设置有泄压机构213。该第一壁25可以为该电池单体20的任意一个壁，例如，第一壁25可以为电池单体20的面积最小的壁；或者，该第一壁25也可以为电池单体20的面积最大的壁，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例的箱体11的电气腔11a用于容纳至少一个电池单体20，即电气腔11a提供了电池单体20的安装空间。其中，该电气腔11a可以是密封或者非密封的。
可选地，电气腔11a的形状可以根据所容纳的电池单体20而定。例如，如图2或图3所示，电气腔11a可以为中空的长方体，通过至少六个壁围合形成，以便于加工。并且，本申请实施例的电气腔11a可以通过多种方式形成。例如，如图2和图3所示，该箱体11可以包括多个形状相同或者不同的部分，通过该多个部分之间相互连接和扣合，以形成中空的长方体，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例的电气腔11a对容纳的电池单体20的数量没有限制。另外，电气腔11a中还可以设置有其他部件，例如，该电气腔11a还可以包括用于固定电池单体20的结构。
再例如，本申请实施例的电气腔11a还可以用于容纳汇流部件12，即电气腔11a提供电池单体20和汇流部件12的安装空间。该汇流部件12用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。汇流部件12可通过连接电池单体20 的电极端子214实现电池单体20之间的电连接。在一些实施例中，汇流部件12可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子214。
应理解，本申请实施例提供的支撑件13的材料可以为具有良好延展性和高强度的材料，其可以缓冲并抵挡外界压力，且具有较高的抗压强度。作为示例，该支撑件13的材料可以是金属材料，例如：铜、铝等等。又或者，该支撑件13的材料也可以是具有一定强度的非金属材料，例如：云母、陶瓷等等。
本申请实施例的支撑件13包括避让腔131，该避让腔131用于为至少两个该泄压机构213致动提供变形空间。其中，本申请实施例中所涉及的“变形空间”是指泄压机构213在致动过程中(例如，泄压机构213的至少一部分被破坏)，泄压机构213内部或者外部在致动方向(即被破坏的方向)上所需的空间。
在本申请实施例中，通过在该电池10中设置支撑件13，且该支撑件13附接于电池单体20的第一壁25，可对电池单体20提供支撑作用，以使得第一壁25具有较好的抗压强度。当外部压力作用于电池10时，设置的支撑件13可抵挡大部分乃至全部的外部压力，从而减小或者消除外部压力对电池单体20的影响，提升电池10的抗压性能和安全性能。此外，电池单体20的第一壁25上还设置有泄压机构213，该支撑件13设置有对应于该电池单体组20中至少两个泄压机构213的避让腔131，这样，在泄压机构213致动时，支撑件13的避让腔131可以用于为泄压机构213提供变形空间，避免支撑件13阻挡泄压机构213，进而使得电池单体20的排放物能够顺利从泄压机构213排出。
应理解，本申请实施例的箱体11可以通过多种方式实现，本申请实施例对此不做限定。例如，以图2和图3为例，对于电气腔11a，箱体11可以包括具有开口的第一罩体110，支撑件13盖合该第一罩体110的开口，以形成电气腔11a。这样，用于形成电气腔11a的壁包括该第一罩体110和该支撑件13。其中，该第一罩体110也可以通过多种方式实现。例如，该第一罩体110可以为一端开口的中空一体式结构；或者，该第一罩体110也可以包括第一部分111和相对的两侧分别具有开口的第二部分112，第一部分111盖合第二部分112的一侧开口，以形成一端开口的第一罩体110，而支撑件13盖合第二部分112的另一侧开口，以形成电气腔11a。
再例如，不同于上述如图2和图3所示方式，箱体11也可以包括封闭的第二罩体，该第二罩体可以用于形成电气腔11a，或者，通过将支撑件13设置于该第二 罩体内部，将第二罩体内部隔离出电气腔11a，进一步地，也可以隔离出收集腔11b。其中，该第二罩体也可以通过多种方式实现，例如，该第二罩体可以包括第三部分和第四部分，第四部分的一侧具有开口以形成半封闭结构，支撑件13设置于第四部分的内部，第三部分盖合第四部分的开口，进而形成封闭的第二罩体。
具体地，在一些实施例中，如图2和图3所示，该电池10还包括：收集腔11b，用于在该泄压机构213致动时收集来自电池单体20的排放物；其中，本申请实施中的支撑件13还用于隔离该收集腔11b与该电气腔11a。该收集腔11b在泄压机构213致动时可以集中收集和/或处理来自电池单体20的排放物，再将排放物排除至电池10的外部。同时，本申请实施例中的支撑件13可作为隔离部件将容纳电池单体20的电气腔11a与收集排放物的收集腔11b进行分离，避免二者之间的相互影响，可防止至少部分排放物从收集腔11b进入电气腔11a，避免热扩散。
应理解，在本申请实施例中的收集腔11b可以是密封或者非密封的。在一些实施例中，该收集腔11b内部可以包含空气。或者其他气体。可选地，该收集腔11b的内部也可以包含液体，例如冷却介质，或者，设置该液体的部件，以对进入该收集腔11b的排放物进一步地降温。进一步可选地，该收集腔11b内的气体或者液体可以设置为循环流动的。
还用理解，在本申请实施例中，上述支撑件13可包括电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁，该支撑件13或者其中的部分可以直接作为电气腔11a和收集腔11b所共用的壁，从而，可以减少电气腔11a和收集腔11b之间的距离，节省电池10的空间，提高箱体11的空间利用率。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该电池10还包括：防护构件113，该防护构件113用于与支撑件13围合形成上述收集腔11b。在本申请实施中，通过防护构件113与支撑件13形成收集腔11b，可以有效地收集和缓冲经泄压机构213排出的排放物，降低其危险性。同时，该防护构件113可以对支撑件13起到防护作用，以防止支撑件13被异物所破坏。
可选地，在一些实施例中，本申请实施例中的支撑件13可为热管理部件139，该热管理部件139用于为电池单体20调节温度。例如，该热管理部件139可以用于给电池单体20降温或者升温，以使得该电池10的温度相对稳定，以提高电池10的工作效率。
具体地，本申请实施例中的热管理部件139可以容纳流体或者固液相变材料以给多个电池20调节温度，或者，该热管理部件139可以包括流道，该流道可用于容纳流体或者固液相变材料。其中，该流体可以是液体或者气体，固液相变材料的原始状态为固体，吸热后可以变成液体，调节温度是指给多个电池单体20加热或者冷却。在给电池单体20冷却或者降温的情况下，该热管理部件139用于容纳冷却流体或者固液相变材料以给多个电池单体20降低温度，此时，该热管理部件139也可与称为冷却部件、冷却系统或者冷却板等，其容纳的流体也可以称为冷却介质或者冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或者冷却气体。另外，本申请实施例中的热管理部件139也可以用于加热以给多个电池单体20升温，本申请实施例对此不做限定。可选的，该流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，上述流体可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
应理解，本申请实施例对热管理部件139于电池单体20的连接方式不作限定。例如，可以通过粘结剂将该热管理部件139与电池单体20固定。
可选地，在一些实施例中，不同于上述的设置方式，如图4所示，电池10中的支撑件13可为该箱体11的壁的至少部分，该支撑件13用于在该泄压机构213致动时使来自该电池单体20的排放物穿过该支撑件13并排出该箱体11。在本申请实施中，通过将该支撑件13作为箱体11的壁的至少部分，从而经泄压机构213排出的排放物可以通过该支撑件13直接排出箱体11的外部，可以节省电池10的空间，提高箱体11的空间利用率，便于电池10的安装，提高电池10的加工效率。例如，在电池单体20发生热失控时，经过泄压机构213排出的排放物可通过将该支撑件13的至少部分进行破坏，以将该排放物排出箱体11的外部。还例如，该支撑件13上可设置平衡阀，在泄压机构213致动时，可将平衡阀进行破坏，以使得电池单体20产生的排放物经由该平衡阀排出箱体11的外部。应理解，上述示出的排放物排出箱体11外部的方式仅为示例，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体20的第一壁25设置有泄压机构213。图5示出了本申请实施例的电池单体20的分解结构示意图，例如，该图5所示的电池单体20可以为图2至图4所示的电池10中任意一个电池单体20。如图5所示，该电池单体20包括外壳21，该外壳21可以包括多个壁，即通过多个壁围合形成中空的外壳21。外壳21可以包括壳体211和盖板212。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20 的壁。壳体211的形状可以根据内部的一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的至少一个面具有开口，以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的至少一个平面为开口面，即该开口面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的两个端面中每个端面都可以为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。通过设置至少一个盖板212，可以分别覆盖该壳体211的至少一个开口，并且每个盖板212与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
本申请实施例的电池单体20的第一壁25上设置泄压机构213，该泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。可选地，该第一壁25可以为电池单体20的任意一个壁。例如，该第一壁25可以为电池单体20的面积最大的壁。再例如，如图5所示，该第一壁25可以为电池单体20的面积最小的壁，例如，该第一壁25可以为壳体211的底壁，以便于安装。为了便于说明，本申请实施例主要以该第一壁25为电池单体20的壳体211的底壁为例进行说明；并且，为了便于展示，图5中将第一壁25与壳体211分离，但这并不限定壳体211的底侧具有或者不具有开口，即该底壁与壳体211的侧壁可以为一体结构或者也可以是相互独立的两个部分连接在一起。
具体地，如图5所示，该泄压机构213可以为第一壁25的一部分，也可以与第一壁25为分体式结构，以通过例如焊接的方式固定在第一壁25上。当泄压机构213为第一壁25的一部分时，即该泄压机构213可以与第一壁25一体成型，该泄压机构213可以通过在第一壁25上设置刻痕或者凹槽的方式形成，该刻痕使得该第一壁25的泄压机构213所在区域的厚度小于该第一壁25的除泄压机构213以外的其他区域的厚度。当电池单体20产生的气体太多使得壳体211的内部压力升高并达到阈值，或电池单体20内部反应产生热量造成电池单体20内部温度升高并达到阈值时，电池单体20可以在刻痕处发生破裂而导致外壳21内外相通，气体压力及温度通过泄压机构213的裂开向外释放。
可选地，本申请实施例的泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被 配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，在泄压机构213设置于电池单体20的第一壁25的情况下，电池单体20的外壳21还可以设置有电极端子214，该电极端子214所在的壁与第一壁25可以相同或者不同。例如，如图5所示，本申请实施例以该电极端子214所在的壁与第一壁25不同为例进行说明。例如，该电极端子214所在的壁与第一壁25相对设置，若第一壁25可以为电池单体20的底壁，则该电极端子214所在的壁可以为电池单体20的盖板212，以使得电池单体20通过泄压机构213排出的排放物不会影响电极端子214，避免短路，提高电池单体20的安全性。
具体地，如图5所示，该电池单体20可以包括至少两个电极端子214，该至少两个电极端子214可以设置在同一个壁上，或者也可以设置在不同的壁上。图5以电池单体20包括两个电极端子214为例，并且该两个电极端子214设置在平板形状的盖板212上。该至少两个电极端子214可以包括至少一个正电极端子214a和至少一个负电极端子214b。
本申请实施例的电极端子214用于与电极组件22电连接，以输出电能。例如，每个电极端子214可以各对应设置一个连接构件23，或者也可以称为集流构件23，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图5所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221和第二极耳222。第一极耳221和第二极耳222的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221为正极极耳时，第二极耳222为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子连接。例如，正电极端子214通过一个连接构件23与正极极耳连接，负电极端子214通过另一个连接构件23与负极极耳连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或者多个，如图5所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
可选地，如图5所示，该电池单体20还可以包括垫板24，该垫板24位于电极组件22与壳体211的底壁之间，可以对电极组件22起到承托作用，还可以有效 防止电极组件22与壳体211的底壁四周的圆角发生干涉。另外，该垫板24上可以设置有一个或者多个通孔，例如，可以设置多个均匀排列的通孔，或者，也可以在泄压机构213设置在壳体211的底壁时，对应该泄压机构213的位置设置通孔，以便于导液和导气，具体的，这样可以使得垫板24上下表面的空间连通，电池单体20内部产生的气体以及电解液都能够自由地穿过垫板24。
图6示出了本申请实施例的电池10的另一例截面示意图，例如，该图6所示的电池10可以为如图2所示的电池10，例如，该图6所示的截面垂直于图3和图4所示的截面。应理解，在本申请实施例中，该图6所示的截面可以为电池10的垂直于第三方向Y的截面，图3和图4所示的截面可以为电池10的垂直于第一方向X的截面，其中，第一方向X垂直于第三方向Y。例如，该第一方向X或者第三方向Y可以是图2或者图6中多个电池单体20的排列方向。该第一方向X和第三方向Y还可以平行于第一壁25，即平行于该第一壁25所在的第一平面。
如图2至图6所示，本申请实施例的支撑件13的靠近电池单体组200的表面设置有避让开口132，至少两个该泄压机构213面向该避让开口132，该避让腔131与该避让开口132连通。这样，通过在支撑件13的靠近电池单体组20的表面设置避让开口132，在泄压机构213致动时，从该泄压机构213排出的排放物可经该避让开口132快速进入避让腔131，避免排放物在电气腔11a内堆积，从而尽量避免排放物导通电气腔11a中的电连接部件而发生短路，进而提高电池的安全性。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在泄压机构213致动时，来自该电池单体20的排放物经由避让开口132进入所述避让腔131并从该避让腔131排出。在电池单体20发生热失控时，由于避让腔131内部空间有限，经过泄压机构213排出的排放物易在避让腔131中堆积对该泄压机构213产生热影响，进而引起电池单体20之间的热扩散，本申请实施例中，排放物经由该避让开口132快速进入避让腔131，并将该排放物排出至该避让腔131的外部，有利于避免排放物在避让腔131中堆积所引起的热扩散，从而提升了电池10的安全性。
可选地，在本申请的一个实施例中，上述避让腔131和/或避让开口132可沿第一方向X连续设置。这样，通过沿第一方向X连续设置避让腔131，该避让腔131可对应于多个泄压机构213，和/或，沿第一方向X连续设置避让开口132，该避让开口132可对应于多个泄压机构213，那么，对于沿第一方向X排列的多个泄压机构213， 可以避免其中存在一个或者多个泄压机构213未对应避让腔131或者未对应避让开口132，即避免存在相邻两个避让腔131之间的泄压机构213未对应避让腔131的情况，也避免存在相邻两个避让开口132之间的泄压机构213未对应避让开口的情况，使得沿第一方向X排列的多个泄压机构213中的每个泄压机构213排出的排放物均可以经由该避让开口132进入该避让腔131，同时，该结构简单，易于电池10的加工和组装。
应理解，在泄压机构213致动时，来自该电池单体20的排放物经由避让开口132进入所述避让腔131，并且，可以通过多种方式从该避让腔131排出。例如，可以通过合理设置避让腔131，以避免避让腔131排出的排放物对电池10造成破坏，保证该电池10的安全性。
图7示出了本申请实施例的电池10的局部放大图，例如，图7为图6所示的区域A的放大图。可选地，如图6和图7所示，作为一个实施例，本申请实施例中的避让腔131可设置有薄弱区133，该薄弱区133用于在泄压机构213致动时，使得经该泄压机构213排出的排放物穿过该薄弱区133以从该避让腔131排出。这样，在电池单体20发生热失控时，经过泄压机构212排出的排放物进入避让腔131后，可以通过避让腔131上的薄弱区133排出，既可以有效避免了排放物在避让腔131中堆积所引起的热扩散，又可以实现定向排放，例如，可以通过合理设置薄弱区133的位置，以从特定的区域排出该排放物，避免排放物对其他部件的影响，从而提升了电池10的安全性。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，该薄弱区133可以通过多种方式实现。例如，如图6和图7所示，该薄弱区133可用于在该泄压机构213致动时被破坏，以使该排放物从避让腔131排出。在泄压机构213未致动时，例如，电池正常使用过程中，该避让腔131处于相对密封状态，可有效保护该避让腔131不被外力所破坏。当泄压机构213致动时，由于避让腔131上的薄弱区133的强度小于该避让腔131上除该薄弱区133以外的区域的强度，所以该薄弱区133易于被破坏，以使来自电池单体20的排放物穿过该薄弱区133排出避让腔131的外部。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，上述避让腔131可包括底壁134和侧壁135，该底壁134与第一壁25相对设置，该侧壁135连接于该底壁134并朝向该第一壁25延伸，该薄弱区133设置于该底壁134和/或该侧壁135。当薄弱区133设置于避让腔131的底壁134时，在电池单体20发生热失控的情况下，经泄压机构213排出的排放 物受重力作用在底壁134堆积，可直接通过避让腔131的底壁134的薄弱区133快速排出至避让腔131的外部，进而提升了电池10的安全性。另外，在电池单体20发生热失控的情况下，由于经泄压机构213排出的高温高压排放物进入避让腔213时，会朝避让腔131的侧壁135方向排放，而由于避让腔131的侧壁135的阻挡作用，会在靠近侧壁135的区域堆积，因此，通过在避让腔131的侧壁135设置薄弱区133，有利于将排放物及时地排出，有效避免了排放物在避让腔131的侧壁135处的堆积。
在一些实施方式中，该该薄弱区133可设置于底壁134和/或该侧壁135沿该第一方向X的端部。在本申请实施例中，如图6和图7所示，在电池单体20发生热失控时，由于避让腔131的侧壁135对排放物的阻挡作用，排放物通常在避让腔131的底壁134和侧壁135的相交处堆积较为严重，同时，在一些实现方式中，由于避让腔131的底壁134和侧壁135的相交处的密封性较差，会在该相交处的密封失效位置处形成气流通道，在内外压强差的作用下，电池10热失控过程中产生的气流会携带排放物向避让腔131的底壁134和侧壁135的相交处移动，进而加剧排放物在避让腔131的底壁134和侧壁135的相交处堆积；另外，避让腔131对应的多个泄压机构213沿第一方向X排列的情况下，由于避让腔131沿第一方向X相对设置的两个侧壁相较于其他壁的尺寸较小，因而经泄压机构213排出的排放物在避让腔131的底壁134和/或侧壁135沿第一方向的端部处的堆积最为严重，对泄压机构213产生较大的影响，易于造成电池单体20的热扩散，从而通过将薄弱区133设置于该底壁134和/或该侧壁135沿该第一方向X的端部，有效避免了排放物在避让腔131中堆积所引起的热扩散，从而提升了电池10的安全性。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，上述薄弱区133满足：
1×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh≤d/E≤3×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh
其中，d为薄弱区133的最小厚度，E为电池单体20的体积能量密度。通过合理设置d/E的值，可使得电池单体20产生的排放物能够及时并顺利地排出，以提升电池10的安全性。
具体地，若d/E的取值设置的过大，则可能存在该避让腔131的薄弱区133的最小厚度d设置的相对较大，而电池单体20的体积能量密度E设置的相对较小的情况。这样，该电池单体20发生热失控时所排出的排放物的温度或者压力偏低，当避让腔131的薄弱区133的最小厚度d设置得过大时，会使得排放物难以破坏避让腔131 以及时将排放物排出，或者破坏该避让腔131所耗费的时间过长，最终导致排放物被限制在泄压机构213下的避让腔131中，而避让腔131的空间有限，堆积的排放物会对与之对应的电池单体20产生不利的影响，这样易引起电池单体20之间的热扩散现象。因此，d/E的取值不宜设置的过大。
相反地，d/E的取值也不宜设置的过小。由于电池单体20自身的结构限制，该电池单体20的体积能量密度E存在上限值。因而，若d/E的取值设置的过小，即在电池10的体积能量密度E一定的情况下，会导致避让腔131的薄弱区133的最小厚度d较小，使得避让腔131的结构强度不足，易在电池10正常使用的情况下发生破损，进而降低了避让腔131的密封性，也就降低了电池10的安全性。
因此，本申请实施例中的d/E的取值不宜设置的过大或者过小，例如，可以设置d/E的值为：1×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1.1×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1.2×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1.3×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1.5×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1.7×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1.9×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、2.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、3.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、4.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、5.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、5.5×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、6.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、6.5×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、6.7×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、7.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、8.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、9.0×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh、1×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、1.3×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、1.5×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、1.7×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、1.9×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、2×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、2.5×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh或3×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh，或者，其数值在上述任意两个数值组合所获得的范围之内。
还例如，本申请实施例中的薄弱区133还满足：
1.3×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh≤d/E≤2×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh。
在本申请实施例中，薄弱区133的最小厚度d不宜设置的过大或者过小，例如，该薄弱区133的最小厚度d的取值范围为[0.1mm，1.5mm]；再例如，该薄弱区133的最小厚度d的取值范围也可以设置为[0.13mm，1.0mm]，以使得在电池单体20发生热失控时，其产生的排放物破坏该薄弱区133所耗费的时间较短。若该薄弱区133的最小厚度d的取值设置的过小，则可能导致该薄弱区131的强度不足，在电池10的正常使用情况下易导致该薄弱区133发生破损开裂，影响避让腔131的密封性；若该薄弱区133的最小厚度d设置的过大，则在电池单体20发生热失控时，所产生的排放 物难以破坏该薄弱区133或者该排放物破坏该薄弱区133所耗费的时间过长，加剧电池10热失控的发生。因此，该薄弱区133的最小厚度d可设置为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1.0mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm或1.5mm，或者，其数值在上述任意两个数值组合所获得的范围之内。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体20的体积能量密度E也不宜设置的过大或者过小，该电池单体20的体积能量密度E可根据实际应用进行设置。例如，该电池单体20的体积能量密度的取值范围为[500Wh/L,1000Wh/L]。若该电池单体20的体积能量密度E设置的过小，则无法满足电池10的能量需求；若该电池单体20的体积能量密度E设置的过大，则会增加电池单体20的加工难度，难以实现。因此，该电池单体20的体积能量密度E可设置为500Wh/L、550Wh/L、600Wh/L、650Wh/L、700Wh/L、750Wh/L、800Wh/L、850Wh/L、900Wh/L、950Wh/L或1000Wh/L，或者，其数值在上述任意两个数值组合所获得的范围之内。
具体地，在一种实现方式中，电池10中的薄弱区133在不同最小厚度d与不同的体积能量密度E的情况下，该薄弱区133在相同实验条件下的性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1：不同实施例及对比例的性能测试结果。
Figure PCTCN2022135300-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022135300-appb-000004
如上表1所示，第一列数据表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133的最小厚度d的取值；第二列数据表示不同实施例及对比例的电池单体20的体积能量密度E的取值；第三列数据表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133的最小厚度d与电池单体20的体积能量密度E的比值；第四列表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133在模拟振动冲击的实验条件下的性能测试结果，其中，该振动冲击模拟了电池10在正常使用过程中可能受到的外力作用，该测试结果包括薄弱区133未被破坏与该薄弱区133被破坏；第五列表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133在模拟电池单体20发生热失控的实验条件下的性能测试结果，该测试结果包括薄弱区133被经泄压机构213排出的排放物所破坏与薄弱区133未被泄压机构213排出的排放物所破坏。
实施例1至实施例9中的d/E的取值范围为[1×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh，3×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh]，在模拟振动冲击的实验条件下，实施例1至实施例9所对应的电池10中的薄弱区133未被破坏，即薄弱区133在电池10正常使用过程中，可以保证良好的性能；同时，在模拟电池单体20发生热失控的实验条件下，经泄压机构213排出的排放物可以及时并顺利地破坏避让腔131的薄弱区133，以及时将排放物排出该避让腔131的外部，避免了电池10的热扩散现象的发生。
如上表1所示，对比例1至对比例3中的d/E的取值分别为8.0×10 -5(mm·L)/Wh、6.0×10 -5(mm·L)/Wh和4.0×10 -5(mm·L)/Wh。由于该d/E的取值较小，在模拟振动冲击的实验条件下，该对比例1至对比例3所对应的电池10中避让腔131的薄弱区133均被破坏，此时，该避让腔131上的薄弱区133的强度较低，易在车辆正常行驶工况下发生破损，影响避让腔131的气密性，进而降低了电池10的安全性。其次，对比例4至对比例6中的d/E的取值分别为3.4×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh、3.8×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh和4.2×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh。此时，由于该d/E的取值较大，在模拟电池单体20发生热失控的实验条件下，经泄压机构213排出的排放物难以破坏该薄弱区133，以将排放物排出避让腔131的外部，使得大量排放物堆积在避让腔131的内部， 可能导致电池10的热扩散现象的发生，进而影响电池10的安全性。因而，为了保证电池10的安全性，本申请实施例中的d/E的取值不宜过大或者过小。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，上述薄弱区133满足：
0.1(℃·L)/Wh≤T 1/E≤1.2(℃·L)/Wh
其中，其中，T 1为上述薄弱区133的材料的熔点，E为电池单体20的体积能量密度。通过合理设置T 1/E的值，可使得电池单体20产生的排放物能够及时并顺利地排出，以提升电池10的安全性。
具体地，若T 1/E的取值过小，由于电池单体20自身的结构限制，电池单体的体积能量密度E存在上限值。即在电池单体20的体积能量密度E一定的情况下，会导致避让腔131的薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1的取值较小，一方面会增加材料选择的难度，另一方面也会使得避让腔131的结构强度不足，由于电池10在正常使用状态下，例如充放电过程中，也可能存在电池10温度升高的情况，那么该避让腔131的薄弱区133易在电池10正常使用情况下被软化或者熔化，降低了避让腔131的密封性，也就降低了电池10的安全性。
相反地，若T 1/E的取值过大，即该避让腔131的薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1设置的相对较大，且电池单体20的体积能量密度E设置的相对较小，相应的，该电池单体20发生热失控时经泄压机构213所排出的排放物的温度偏低，当避让腔131的薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1设置得过大时，会使得排放物难以熔化避让腔131的薄弱区133以及时将排放物排出，或者熔化该避让腔131的薄弱区133所耗费的时间过长，进而导致排放物被限制在泄压机构213所对应的避让腔131中，而避让腔131的空间有限，使得对泄压机构213产生热影响，这样易引起电池单体20之间的热扩散现象。
因此，本申请实施例中的T 1/E的取值不宜设置的过大或者过小，例如，可以设置T 1/E的值为：0.10(℃·L)/Wh、0.11(℃·L)/Wh、0.12(℃·L)/Wh、0.13(℃·L)/Wh、0.14(℃·L)/Wh、0.15(℃·L)/Wh、0.16(℃·L)/Wh、0.17(℃·L)/Wh、0.18(℃·L)/Wh、0.19(℃·L)/Wh、0.20(℃·L)/Wh、0.24(℃·L)/Wh、0.26(℃·L)/Wh、0.28(℃·L)/Wh、0.30(℃·L)/Wh、0.40(℃·L)/Wh、0.50(℃·L)/Wh、0.60(℃·L)/Wh、0.70(℃·L)/Wh、0.80(℃·L)/Wh、0.90(℃·L)/Wh、1.0(℃·L)/Wh、1.1(℃·L)/Wh 或1.2(℃·L)/Wh，或者，其数值在上述任意两个数值组合所获得的范围之内。
在本申请实施例中，薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1不宜设置的过大或者过小，例如，该薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1的取值范围为[100℃，600℃]；再例如，该薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1的取值范围也可以设置为[100℃，400℃]，以使得在电池单体20发生热失控时，其产生的排放物破坏该薄弱区133所耗费的时间较短。若该薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1设置的过小，则在电池正常使用情况下会导致该薄弱区133发生软化或者熔化现象，影响避让腔131的密封性；若该薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1设置的过大，则在电池单体20发生热失控时，所产生的排放物无法熔化该薄弱区133或者排放物熔化该薄弱区133所耗费的时间过长，可能导致电池10热扩散的发生。因此，该薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1可设置为100℃、200℃、300℃、400℃、500℃或600℃，或者，其数值在上述任意两个数值组合所获得的范围之内。
应理解，本申请实施例中所涉及的电池单体20的体积能量密度E的取值范围已在上文中进行了详细描述，此处为了避免重复不再赘述。
具体地，在一种实现方式中，电池10在薄弱区133的不同材料的熔点T 1与不同的体积能量密度E的情况下，该薄弱区133在相同实验条件下的性能测试结果如表2所示。
表2：不同实施例及对比例的性能测试结果。
Figure PCTCN2022135300-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022135300-appb-000006
如上表2所示，第一列数据表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133的材料的熔点T 1的取值；第二列数据表示不同实施例及对比例的电池单体20的体积能量密度E的取值；第三列数据表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133的熔点T 1与电池单体20的体积能量密度E的比值；第四列表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133在模拟振动冲击的实验条件下的性能测试结果，其中，该振动冲击模拟了电池10在正常使用过程中可能受到的外力作用，该测试结果包括薄弱区133未被破坏与该薄弱区133被破坏(发生熔化或者软化现象)；第五列表示不同实施例及对比例的薄弱区133在模拟电池单体20发生热失控的实验条件下的性能测试结果，该测试结果包括薄弱区133被经泄压机构213排出的排放物所破坏与薄弱区133未被泄压机构213排出的排放物所破坏。
实施例1至实施例9中的T 1/E的取值范围为[0.10(℃·L)/Wh，1.20(℃·L)/Wh]，在模拟振动冲击的实验条件下，实施例1至实施例9所对应的电池10中的薄弱区133未被破坏；同时，在模拟电池单体20发生热失控的实验条件下，经泄压机构213排出的排放物可以及时并顺利地破坏避让腔131的薄弱区133，以及时将排放物排出避让腔131的外部，避免了电池10热扩散现象的发生。
如上表2所示，对比例1至对比例3中的T 1/E的取值分别为0.08(℃·L)/Wh、0.06(℃·L)/Wh和0.04(℃·L)/Wh。由于该T 1/E的取值较小，在模拟振动冲击的实验条件下，该对比例1至对比例3所对应的避让腔131的薄弱区133被破坏(发生了软化或熔化现象)，影响避让腔131的气密性，进而降低了电池10的安全性。其次，对比例4至对比例6中的T 1/E的取值分别为1.40(℃·L)/Wh、1.60(℃·L)/Wh和2.00(℃·L)/Wh。由于该T 1/E的取值较大，在模拟电池单体20发生热失控的实验条件下，经泄压机构213排出的排放物未破坏(难以熔化或者难以及时熔化)该避让腔131的薄弱区133，使得大量排放物堆积在避让腔131内部，可能导致电池10的热扩散现象的发生。因而，为了保证电池10的安全性，本申请实施例中的T 1/E的取值不宜过大或者过小。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，避让腔131的薄弱区133的方式实现可以根据实际应用灵活设置。例如，可将上述薄弱区133的厚度设置为小于避让腔131上除该薄弱区133以外的区域的厚度，以便于电池10的加工和组装。示例性地，当薄弱区133设置在避让腔131沿第一方向上的侧壁135时，由于电池10使用过程中，避让腔131的底壁134所受到的外部环境的冲击力通常大于避让腔131的侧壁135，为了保证避让腔131的结构强度，可将该避让腔131的底壁134的厚度设置为大于侧壁135上薄弱区133的厚度。对应的，为了保证在电池单体20发生热失控的情况下，排放物可以及时并顺利地冲破该薄弱区133，该避让腔131的底壁134的最小厚度D可以设置为满足：d≤(D-0.2mm)。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，可将薄弱区133的材料的熔点设置为小于该避让腔131上除该薄弱区133以外的区域的材料的熔点。从而，相较于避让腔131上除薄弱区133以外的区域，由于该薄弱区133对于温度较为灵敏，当泄压机构213致动时，该薄弱区133能够被泄压机构213排出的排放物及时并快速地熔化，以使该排放物迅速排出避让腔131的外部，有利于提升电池10的安全性能。示例性地，当薄弱区133设置在避让腔131沿第一方向X上的侧壁135时，在电池单体20发生热失控的情况下，由于避让腔131的底壁134所受到的热冲击剧烈程度要大于避让腔131的侧壁135，为了保证经过泄压机构213排出的排放物可以快速熔化避让腔131侧壁135上的薄弱区133的材料，该避让腔131的底壁134的材料的熔点应设置为大于侧壁135上薄弱区133的材料的熔点。
应理解，本申请实施例中所涉及的薄弱区133的上述设置方式可以独立使用，或者，也可以结合使用。例如，本申请实施例的薄弱区133还可以同时采用设置该薄弱区133材料的熔点较小与减小薄弱区133的厚度相结合的方案进行改进，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
图8和图9分别示出了本申请实施例的电池10的局部放大图，例如，图8和图9可为图6所示的电池10中的区域A的放大图。如图8和图9所示，该避让腔131的薄弱区包括通孔136，在泄压机构213致动时，经该泄压机构213排出的排放物可穿过该通孔136从该避让腔131排出。在本申请实施例中，通过将避让腔131上设置的通孔136作为薄弱区133，一方面，便于电池10的加工与组装，另一方面，在薄弱区133受到来自泄压机构213排放的排放物的冲击时，可通过通孔136及时并快速 地将排放物排出至避让腔131的外部，有利于提高排放物的排放效率，进而提升电池10的安全性。
可选地，作为一种实施例，如图8和图9所示，本申请实施例中的避让腔131的薄弱区133还包括用于密封该通孔136的密封结构137，该密封结构137用于在该泄压机构213致动时被破坏，以使该电池单体20的排放物穿过该通孔136。通过本申请实施例所设置的密封结构137，一方面可以在电池单体20正常使用过程中保持避让腔131的密封性，避免外部环境通过避让腔131的通孔136对泄压机构213的影响。另一方面，当电池单体20发生热失控时，经过泄压机构213排出的排放物可及时并顺利地破坏该密封结构137，以露出通孔136，从而将该排放物穿过通孔136排出避让腔131的外部，提高了电池10的安全性。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图8所示，本申请实施例中的密封结构137可填充于上述通孔136，以便于节省电池10的内部空间，提高电池10的空间利用率，同时便于电池10的加工与组装。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图9所示，本申请实施例中的密封结构137可设置于该避让腔131的与该通孔136对应的内表面；和/或，该密封结构137可设置于该避让腔131的与该通孔136对应的外表面。在本申请实施例中，当密封结构137设置于避让腔131的与通孔136对应的内表面时，由于密封结构137距离泄压机构213较近，能够被经泄压机构213排出的排放物快速破坏，例如，该密封结构137能够快速响应于电池单体20的温度，而使密封结构137被快速熔化，可避免影响泄压机构213的致动，并及时并顺利的排出排放物。而当密封结构137设置于避让腔131的与通孔136对应的外表面时，该密封结构137与泄压机构213之间的距离能够为泄压机构213致动提供变形空间，避免影响泄压机构213的正常功能。其次，通过将该密封结构137同时设置于避让腔131的与通孔136对应的内表面与外表面时，可提高避让腔131的密封性。
示例性地，如图9所示，本申请实施例中的密封结构137可同时设置于该避让腔131的与通孔136对应的内表面与外表面，作为示例本申请实施例对此不做限定。
应理解，如图9所示，本申请实施例的与该通孔136对应的内表面为：与该通孔136对应的避让腔131沿第一方向X上朝向避让腔131的内部的表面，与该通 孔136对应的外表面为：与该通孔136对应的避让腔131沿第一方向X上远离该避让腔131的内部的表面。
应理解，本申请实施例中所涉及的密封结构137的材料可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，本申请实施例中的密封结构137可包括：聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)，其熔点为190℃左右；可溶性聚四氟乙烯(polyfluroroalkoxy，PFA)，其熔点为300℃左右；聚酰亚胺(polyimide，PI)，其熔点为350℃左右；硅橡胶(其熔点为350℃左右)；氟橡胶(其熔点为400℃左右)；或者锡(其熔点在232℃左右)等。其次，在本申请实施例中的避让腔131上除薄弱区133或者密封结构137以外的区域的材料可为铝合金(其熔点为660℃)，作为示例，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
还应理解，本申请实施例中的密封结构137可通过粘结剂以嵌入的形式填充于通孔136处，或者，该密封结构137可通过粘结剂固定于避让腔131的与通孔136对应内表面，和/或，固定于避让腔131的与通孔136对应的外表面。示例性地，本申请实施例中所涉及的粘结剂的材料可包括：环氧型结构胶、丙烯酸酯结构胶、聚酰亚胺结构胶、马来酰亚胺结构胶、聚氨酯结构胶或亚格力胶水等，作为示例，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例的避让腔131的底壁134的设置方式进行详细描述。图10至图13分别示出了本申请实施例的电池10的截面示意图，该图10至图13所示的电池10可以为图2所示的电池10，该图10至图13所示的截面均为该电池10沿垂直于第三方向Y上的截面图，例如，该图10至13所示的截面垂直于图3或图4所示的截面；并且，该图10至图13所示的截面与图6所示的截面平行。
可选地，作为一个实施例，本申请实施例的避让腔131包括与该第一壁25相对设置的底壁134，沿第二方向Z，该底壁134的至少两个区域与该第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离不相等，该第二方向Z与该第一壁25垂直。在本申请实施例中，可以根据该避让腔131的底壁134的不同区域中堆积的排放物的多少，合理设置该底壁134的不同区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离。例如，若避让腔131的底壁134包括第一区域与第二区域，且在电池单体20发生热失控的情况下，由于受重力的作用，若第一区域中收集的来自电池单体20的排放物多于第二区域中收集的来自电池单体20的排放物，则可将该避让腔131的底壁134设置为第一区域与第一平面之间的距离大于第二区域与第一平面之间的距离，以避免第一区域内较多的排放物对该第一 区域所对应的泄压机构213的影响，也就避免经泄压机构213排出的排放物在避让腔131中的堆积所引起的热扩散，有利于提升电池10的安全性能。
本申请实施例的第二方向Z垂直于第一壁25，即垂直于该第一壁25所在的第一平面。例如，该第二方向Z还可以垂直于第一方向X。再例如，该第二方向Z还可以为电池单体20的高度方向。
本申请实施例的底壁134的至少两个区域可以指该避让腔131的底壁134的任意区域。例如，以该避让腔131的底壁134包括的第一区域与第二区域为例，该第一区域和第二区域可以为底壁134的任意两个不重合的区域。应理解，上述第一区域与第二区域的在底壁134上的面积可以相同也可以不同。本申请实施例中的第一区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离可以是指该第一区域上所有点与该第一平面之间的距离的平均值、最大值或者最小值；与之对应的，本申请实施例中的第二区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离也可以指该第二区域上所有点与该第一平面之间的距离的平均值、最大值或者最小值。例如，该第一区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离可以取该第一区域上所有点与该第一平面之间的距离的最小值，同时，该第二区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离也取该第二区域上所有点与该第一平面之间的距离的最小值，且第一区域对应的该最小值与第二区域对应的最小值不相等，此处为了简洁，不再赘述。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在该第一方向X上，该底壁134的至少部分区域与该第一平面之间沿该第二方向Z的距离逐渐增加，和/或，在该第一方向X上，该底壁134的至少部分区域与该第一平面之间沿该第二方向Z的距离逐渐减小。如图10至图13所示，该底壁134中存在至少部分区域满足：在该第一方向X上，该部分区域相对于第一平面是倾斜的。这样，由于该底壁134存在至少部分区域沿第一方向X倾斜，由于重力作用，可实现经泄压机构213排出的排放物在避让腔13的底壁134的特定区域的堆积，例如，根据底壁134的倾斜区域的倾斜方向，排放物会较为集中地在底壁134的沿第二方向Z上距离第一平面较远的区域堆积，并且，由于该特定区域距离第一平面的距离也较远，即可通过控制排放物在避让腔131的底壁134上的特定堆积区域来降低对电池单体20的热影响，以提升电池10的安全性。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在第一方向X上，自底壁134的中心向底壁134的端部，该底壁134与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离逐渐增加或者逐渐减小。在 本申请实施例中，如图10和图11所示，在第一方向X上，自底壁134的中心向底壁134的端部，距离该避让腔131的底壁134的中心较近的区域与第一平面之间的距离表示为L1，距离该避让腔131的底壁134的中心较远的区域与第一平面之间的距离表示为L2，L1小于L2。因此，在重力作用下，底壁134上的排放物会在距离该避让腔131的底壁134的中心较远的地方堆积。另外，由于避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部侧壁的尺寸较小，导致经泄压机构213排出的排放物在该避让腔131沿第一方向X的端部位置的堆积更为严重。因此，当避让腔131的底壁134设置为沿第一方向，自底壁的中心向底壁134的端部，该底壁134与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离逐渐增加时，由于底壁134的沿第一方向X的端部区域与第一平面沿第二方向Z之间的距离较大，在电池10发生热失控的情况下，该避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部位置处虽然排放物堆积严重，但有较大的空间以容纳经泄压机构213排出的排放物，从而减小对泄压机构213的影响，提升了电池10的安全性。
相应的，如图12和图13所示，在第一方向X上，自底壁134的中心向底壁134的端部，距离该避让腔131的底壁134的中心较近的区域与第一平面之间的距离表示为L3，距离该避让腔131的底壁134的中心较远的区域与第一平面之间的距离表示为L4，L3小于L4。因此，在重力作用下，底壁134上的排放物会在距离该避让腔131的底壁134的中心的地方堆积。另外，由于避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部侧壁的尺寸较小，导致经泄压机构213排出的排放物在该避让腔131沿第一方向X的端部位置的堆积更为严重。因此，当避让腔131的底壁134设置为沿第一方向X，自底壁的中心向底壁134的端部，该底壁134与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离逐渐减小时，由于底壁134的沿第一方向X的中心区域与第一平面沿第二方向Z之间的距离较大，在电池10发生热失控的情况下，该避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部位置处的排放物可经过该底壁134上的斜坡向底壁134的中心移动，从而减小对泄压机构213的影响，提升了电池10的安全性。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，上述底壁134可设置为弧面和/或平面，以便于经泄压机构213排出的排放物在避让腔131的底壁134上平滑移动，同时也便于电池10的加工与组装。
可选地，作为一个实施例，本申请实施例中的避让腔131中与第一壁25相对设置的底壁134可设置有开口朝向第一壁25的沉积槽138，沿第二方向Z上，该沉 积槽138的槽底壁与第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离大于该底壁134上除该沉积槽138以外的区域与该第一平面之间的距离，其中，第二方向Z垂直于第一方向X。在本申请实施例中，通过在避让腔131的底壁134上设置开口朝向第一壁25的沉积槽138，在泄压机构213致动时，由于避让腔131的底壁134上存在一定深度的沉积槽，该沉积槽138具有一定的深度以容纳经泄压机构213排出的排放物，避免该排放物在该底壁134上其它区域的堆积，减少对泄压机构213的影响，进而提升电池10的安全性。
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例的避让腔131的底壁134上的沉积槽138的设置方式进行详细描述。图14至图16分别示出了本申请实施例的电池10的截面示意图，该图14至图16所示的电池10可以为图2所示的电池10，该图14至图16所示的截面均为该电池10沿垂直于第三方向Y上的截面图，例如，该图14至16所示的截面垂直于图3或图4所示的截面；并且，该图14至图16所示的截面与图6所示的截面平行，也与图10至图13所示的截面平行。
如图14至图16所示，本申请实施例的底壁134可以设置有一个或者多个沉积槽138，对于任意一个沉积槽138，该沉积槽138的深度H1大于底壁134的除该沉积槽138以外的区域的深度H2。其中，该沉积槽138的深度H1为该沉积槽138的底壁与第一壁25之间的沿第二方向Z的距离；底壁134的除该沉积槽138以外的区域的深度H2为该区域与第一壁25之间的沿第二方向Z的距离。
应理解，本申请实施例中的沉积槽138的深度H1可以指：该沉积槽138的底壁上所有点与第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离的平均值、最大值或者最小值；与之对应的，底壁134的除该沉积槽138以外的区域的深度H2可以指：该底壁134除沉积槽138以外的区域上的所有点与第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离的平均值、最大值或者最小值。例如，该沉积槽138的底壁与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离可以取该沉积槽138的底壁上所有点与该第一平面之间的距离的最小值，同时，该底壁134的除该沉积槽138以外的区域与第一平面之间沿第二方向Z的距离也取该底壁134的除该沉积槽138以外的区域上所有点与该第一平面之间的距离的最小值，且该沉积槽138的底壁对应的该最小值大于该底壁134的除该沉积槽138以外的区域对应的最小值，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图14和图15所示，该避让腔131中的底壁 134上的沉积槽138位于该底壁134沿该第一方向X的端部位置。在本申请实施例中，由于避让腔131沿第一方向X的端部侧壁的尺寸较小，经泄压机构213排出的高温高压排放物在避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部侧壁处的堆积更为严重。将该沉积槽138设置于避让腔131的底壁134沿第一方向X的端部位置，一方面该沉积槽138可以容纳排放物，以使大部分排放物在该沉积槽138中的堆积，另一方面，由于该沉积槽138深度较大，可以减少排放物对电池单体20的热影响，避免发生热扩散，进而提升电池10的安全性。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图15和图16所示，本申请实施例中的避让腔131的底壁134可设置有沿该第一方向X间隔排列的多个沉积槽138。在本申请实施例中，可以根据避让腔131的底壁134上的不同区域中堆积的排放物的多少，在底壁134的不同区域处设置多个沉积槽138，该沉积槽138具有一定的深度以容纳经泄压机构213排出的排放物，并且，由于该沉积槽138深度较大，在电池单体20发生热失控时，通过为避让腔131的底壁134上排放物较多的多个特定区域设置沉积槽138，可有效避免该多个特定区域内的排放物对其所对应的泄压机构213的影响，进而避免了排放物在避让腔131中堆积所引起的热扩散，即可通过控制排放物在避让腔131的底壁134上的特定沉积槽138来降低对电池单体20的热影响，有利于提升电池10的安全性。
例如，如图16所示，本申请实施例的避让腔131的底壁134还可设置有沿该第一方向X间隔排列的多个沉积槽138，该多个沉积槽138与多个电池单体20的泄压机构213一一对应，这样，在每个电池单体20的泄压机构213致动时，电池单体20经泄压机构213排出的排放物可在与其对应的沉积槽138中进行堆积，能够避免对其他电池单体20的热影响，避免发生热扩散，进而提升了电池10的安全性。
可选地，本申请实施例的底壁134的沿该第一方向X间隔排列的多个沉积槽138的深度可以相同或者不同。例如，如图14至图16所示，当该多个沉积槽138的深度设置为相同时，以便于电池10的加工及装配。再例如，不同于图14至图16所示，也可以根据底壁134上不同区域排放物堆积的多少来设计该多个沉积槽138的深度，即该多个沉积槽138的深度可以是不相等的。示例性地，由于避让腔131沿第一方向X的端部侧壁的尺寸较小，经泄压机构213排出的高温高压排放物在避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部侧壁处的堆积更为严重，因而可在靠近避让腔131的沿第一方向X的端部处设置较深的沉积槽138，在靠近避让腔131的底壁134的中心位置设置较 浅的沉积槽138。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，上述沉积槽138的槽底壁与第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离H1不宜设置的过大或者过小，该距离H1的取值可根据实际应用进行具体设置。例如，该沉积槽138的槽底壁与第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离H1的取值范围为[0.1mm，25mm]；再例如，该沉积槽138的槽底壁与第一壁25所在的第一平面之间的距离H的取值范围为[3mm，20mm]。若上述距离H1设置的过小，则难以满足电池10的实际需求，在电池单体20发生热失控时，经泄压机构213排出的排放物会在该沉积槽138中过度堆积，该排放物距离电池单体20的第一壁25的距离过小，会影响与其对应的电池单体20，易导致与该沉积槽138相对的多个电池单体20之间发生热扩散现象，同时对相邻的其他电池单体20产生热影响，降低电池10的安全性；若该距离H设置的过大，则会使得电池10内部的空间利用率较低，增加电池10的加工成本。因此，上述距离H的取值可设置为0.1mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、10mm、11mm、12mm、13mm、14mm、15mm、16mm、17mm、18mm、19mm、20mm、21mm、22mm、23mm、24mm或25mm，或者，其数值在上述任意两个数值组合所获得的范围之内。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    箱体(11)，包括电气腔；
    电池单体组(200)，容纳于所述电气腔(11a)，所述电池单体组(200)包括沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体(20)，所述电池单体组(200)中的至少两个电池单体(20)设置有泄压机构(213)，所述泄压机构(213)设置于所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(25)；
    支撑件(13)，附接于所述第一壁(25)以支撑所述电池单体(20)，所述支撑件(13)包括对应于所述电池单体组(200)中至少两个所述泄压机构(213)的避让腔(131)，所述避让腔(131)用于为至少两个所述泄压机构(213)致动提供变形空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述支撑件(13)的靠近所述电池单体组(200)的表面设置有避让开口(132)，至少两个所述泄压机构(213)面向所述避让开口(132)，所述避让腔(131)与所述避让开口(132)连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，在所述泄压机构(213)致动时，来自所述电池单体(20)的排放物经由所述避让开口(132)进入所述避让腔(131)并从所述避让腔(131)排出。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让腔(131)和/或所述避让开口(132)沿所述第一方向连续设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让腔(131)设置有薄弱区(133)，所述薄弱区(133)用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时，使所述排放物穿过所述薄弱区(133)以从所述避让腔(131)排出。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时被破坏，以使所述排放物从所述避让腔(131)排出。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让腔(131)包括底壁(134)和侧壁(135)，所述底壁(134)与所述第一壁(25)相对设置，所述侧壁(135)连接于所述底壁(134)并朝向所述第一壁(25)延伸，所述薄弱区(133)设置于所述底壁(134)和/或所述侧壁(135)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)设置于所述底壁(134)和/或所述侧壁(135)沿所述第一方向的端部。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)满足：
    1×10 -4(mm·L)/Wh≤d/E≤3×10 -3(mm·L)/Wh
    其中，d为所述薄弱区(133)的最小厚度，E为所述电池单体(20)的体积能量密度。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)满足：
    0.1(℃·L)/Wh≤T 1/E≤1.2(℃·L)/Wh
    其中，T 1为所述薄弱区(133)的材料的熔点，E为所述电池单体(20)的体积能量密度。
  11. 根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)的厚度小于所述避让腔(131)上除所述薄弱区(133)以外的区域的厚度。
  12. 根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)的材料的熔点小于所述避让腔(131)上除所述薄弱区(133)以外的区域的材料的熔点。
  13. 根据权利要求5至12中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)包括通孔(136)，在所述泄压机构(213)致动时，所述排放物穿过所述通孔(136)从所述避让腔(131)排出。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述薄弱区(133)还包括用于密封所述通孔(136)的密封结构(137)，所述密封结构(137)用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时被破坏，以使所述电池单体(20)的排放物穿过所述通孔(136)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池，其特征在于，所述密封结构(137)填充于所述通孔(136)。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的电池，其特征在于，所述密封结构(137)设置于所述避让腔(131)的与所述通孔(136)对应的内表面；和/或，
    所述密封结构(137)设置于所述避让腔(131)的与所述通孔(136)对应的外表面。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让腔(131) 包括与所述第一壁(25)相对设置的底壁(134)，沿第二方向，所述底壁(134)的至少两个区域与所述第一壁(25)所在的第一平面之间的距离不相等，所述第二方向与所述第一壁(25)垂直。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池，其特征在于，在所述第一方向上，所述底壁(134)的至少部分区域与所述第一平面之间沿所述第二方向的距离逐渐增加，和/或，
    在所述第一方向上，所述底壁(134)的至少部分区域与所述第一平面之间沿所述第二方向的距离逐渐减小。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池，其特征在于，在所述第一方向上，自所述底壁(134)的中心向所述底壁(134)的端部，所述底壁(134)与所述第一平面之间沿所述第二方向的距离逐渐增加或者逐渐减小。
  20. 根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述底壁(134)包括弧面和/或平面。
  21. 根据权利要求17至20中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述底壁(134)设置有开口朝向所述第一壁(25)的沉积槽(138)，沿所述第二方向，所述沉积槽(138)的槽底壁与所述第一平面之间的距离大于所述底壁(134)上除所述沉积槽(138)以外的区域与所述第一平面之间的距离。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池，其特征在于，所述沉积槽(138)位于所述底壁(134)沿所述第一方向的端部。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的电池，其特征在于，所述底壁(134)设置有沿所述第一方向间隔排列的多个所述沉积槽(138)。
  24. 根据权利要求1至23中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    收集腔(11b)，用于在所述泄压机构(213)致动时收集来自所述电池单体(20)的排放物；
    其中，所述支撑件(13)还用于隔离所述收集腔(11b)与所述电气腔(11a)。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    防护构件(113)，所述防护构件(113)用于与所述支撑件(13)围合形成所述收集腔(11b)。
  26. 根据权利要求1至25中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述支撑件(13)为所述箱体(11)的壁的至少部分，所述支撑件(13)用于在所述泄压机构(213)致 动时使来自所述电池单体(20)的排放物穿过所述支撑件(13)并排出所述箱体(11)。
  27. 根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述支撑件(13)为热管理部件(139)，所述热管理部件(139)用于调节所述电池单体(20)的温度。
  28. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电设备提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/135300 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 电池和用电设备 Ceased WO2024113208A1 (zh)

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