WO2024117754A1 - 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024117754A1 WO2024117754A1 PCT/KR2023/019400 KR2023019400W WO2024117754A1 WO 2024117754 A1 WO2024117754 A1 WO 2024117754A1 KR 2023019400 W KR2023019400 W KR 2023019400W WO 2024117754 A1 WO2024117754 A1 WO 2024117754A1
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- lithium secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion polymer batteries.
- these secondary batteries have an electrode assembly made up of an anode, a cathode, and a separator disposed between them built into the battery case, and the anode and cathode tabs are welded to two electrode tabs and sealed so that they are exposed to the outside of the battery case. It is made up of a structure. These electrode tabs are electrically connected to an external device through contact, and the secondary battery supplies power to the external device or receives power from the external device through the electrode tab.
- Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LNCMO), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) are used as positive electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries.
- Lithium iron phosphate is inexpensive because it contains iron, which is a resource-abundant and low-cost material. Additionally, because the toxicity of lithium iron phosphate is low, environmental pollution can be reduced when using lithium iron phosphate. In addition, because lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure can be maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. Accordingly, the battery has the advantage of excellent high-temperature stability and high-temperature lifespan characteristics.
- lithium iron phosphate has the problem of poor lithium mobility and low electrical conductivity compared to lithium transition metal oxides such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Accordingly, in the past, lithium iron phosphate with a small average particle size was used to shorten the lithium movement path, the surface of the lithium iron phosphate was coated with carbon to improve electrical conductivity, and an excessive amount of conductive material was used.
- the positive electrode active material layer detaches during electrode manufacturing or charging and discharging, which increases battery resistance and reduces the capacity of the secondary battery.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems.
- the content ratio of the conductive material in the first and second active material layers is varied to provide a positive electrode with excellent positive electrode adhesion and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same.
- the purpose is to provide
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector; A first active material layer formed on one or both sides of the positive electrode current collector; and a second active material layer formed on the first active material layer; Includes, the first and second active material layers each include a positive electrode active material, a linear conductive material, a rubber-based binder, a fluorine-based binder, and a rubber-based dispersant, and the rubber-based binder contained in each of the first and second active material layers has a weight average molecular weight ( Mw) is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol, and the rubber-based dispersant included in each of the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10 to 50 kg/mol. It is nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), and the content of the linear
- the linear conductive material included in each of the first and second active material layers according to the present invention satisfies Condition 1 below.
- E1 represents the linear conductive material content (% by weight) contained in the first active material layer
- E2 represents the linear conductive material content (% by weight) contained in the second active material layer.
- the linear conductive material of the present invention is included in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5% by weight in the first active material layer, and is included in an amount of 0.4 to 0.95% by weight in the second active material layer.
- the fluorine-based binder included in each of the first and second active material layers of the present invention satisfies Condition 2 below.
- P1 represents the fluorine-based binder content (% by weight) contained in the first active material layer
- P2 represents the fluorine-based binder content (% by weight) contained in the second active material layer.
- the fluorine-based binder of the present invention is included in an amount of 2.0 to 2.5% by weight in the first active material layer, and is included in an amount of 1.2 to 1.8% by weight in the second active material layer.
- the rubber-based binder included in the first and second active material layers satisfies Condition 3 below.
- R1 represents the rubber-based binder content (% by weight) contained in the first active material layer
- R2 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder contained in the second active material layer.
- the rubber-based binder is included in an amount of 0.3 to 0.7% by weight in the first active material layer, and is included in an amount of 0.4 to 0.8% by weight in the second active material layer.
- the total content (% by weight) of the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder included in the first and second active material layers is in the range of 1.5 or more.
- the adhesive force measured when peeling the positive electrode active material layer including the first and second active material layers from the positive electrode current collector at 90° is 45 gf. /20mm or more.
- the positive electrode active material includes lithium iron phosphate
- lithium iron phosphate is a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- M includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y.
- X includes any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, S, and N, and a, b, ⁇ 0.5.
- the linear conductive material is a carbon nanotube.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode described above.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention improves energy density by reducing the content of the binder and increasing the content of the positive electrode active material as the positive electrode adhesion is improved by varying the content of the linear conductive material included in the first active material layer and the second active material layer. You can.
- D50 means the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation amount in the particle size distribution curve.
- the D50 can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method is generally capable of measuring particle diameters ranging from the submicron region to several millimeters, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the amount of nitrogen gas adsorption under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II from BEL Japan.
- weight average molecular weight refers to the converted value for standard polystyrene measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Specifically, the weight average molecular weight is a value converted from the value measured under the following conditions using GPC, and standard polystyrene from the Agilent system was used to prepare the calibration curve.
- anode adhesion can be measured by the following method. Prepare a positive electrode cut to 150 mm in length and 20 mm in width, place the positive electrode active material layer against a slide glass with a length of 75 mm and 25 mm in width, and attach the positive electrode to the slide glass in the longitudinal direction using double-sided tape. . That is, the slide glass is attached to an area corresponding to half of the longitudinal direction of the anode. Afterwards, an evaluation sample is prepared by rubbing the roller 10 times to ensure that the double-sided tape is evenly attached.
- the slide glass part of the evaluation sample is fixed to the sample stage of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (LS5, AMETEK), and the anode half without the slide glass attached is connected to the load cell of the UTM equipment.
- UTM Universal Testing Machine
- the average value of the load measured in the 20 mm to 40 mm section of the driving section is obtained. This is repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value is evaluated as the anode adhesive strength (gf/20mm) of each sample.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same.
- Lithium iron phosphate which is generally used as a positive electrode active material, has lower lithium mobility and lower electrical conductivity compared to lithium transition metal oxides such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Therefore, lithium iron phosphate with a small average particle size is mainly used as a positive electrode active material.
- the specific surface area increases, which causes severe particle agglomeration and prevents the lithium iron phosphate and binder from mixing effectively, thereby reducing the anode adhesion. Accordingly, there is a problem in that detachment of the positive electrode active material layer occurs during electrode manufacturing or charging and discharging, which increases battery resistance and reduces the capacity of the secondary battery.
- the present invention is a positive electrode in which a first active material layer is formed on a positive electrode current collector and a second active material layer is formed on the first active material layer, and the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second active material layers has a weight average molecular weight ( Mw) is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol, and the rubber-based dispersant is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10 to 50 kg/mol, and the first active material is The content of the linear conductive material included in the layer is greater than the content of the conductive material included in the second active material layer. In this case, the dispersibility of the lithium iron phosphate particles is improved to suppress their aggregation, and the migration of the binder is suppressed, thereby significantly improving the adhesion of the positive electrode.
- Mw weight
- a positive electrode according to one example of the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector; A first active material layer formed on one or both sides of the positive electrode current collector; and a second active material layer formed on the first active material layer; Includes, the first and second active material layers each include a positive electrode active material, a linear conductive material, a rubber-based binder, a fluorine-based binder, and a rubber-based dispersant, and the rubber-based binder contained in each of the first and second active material layers has a weight average molecular weight ( Mw) is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol, and the rubber-based dispersant included in each of the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10 to 50 kg/mol. It is nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), and the content of the linear conductive material included in the first active material
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention has excellent interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer (including both the first active material layer and the second active material layer), so that the positive electrode active material layer is directly connected to the positive electrode current collector. It is a contact structure, and may not include a separate layer to improve adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector. That is, the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention does not include a separate layer such as a binder layer or an adhesive layer or a bonding layer or a primer coating layer that can be interposed between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer to improve adhesion. Even without it, excellent interfacial adhesion can be achieved.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer composed of a first active material layer and a second active material layer.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector, a first active material layer formed on one or both sides of the positive electrode current collector, and a second active material layer formed on the first active material layer.
- the binder in the area adjacent to the current collector may move toward the electrode surface along with evaporation of the solvent.
- the binder content in the area where the positive electrode active material layer is in contact with the positive electrode current collector after drying decreases compared to before drying, and the adhesive strength of the finally obtained positive electrode (adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector) may also decrease.
- the present invention was designed to solve the problems that appear in the positive electrode of a single-layer structure, and while forming the structure of the positive electrode active material layer into a double-layer structure, the lower layer (second active material layer) is used more than the active material slurry for forming the upper layer (second active material layer). 1 Active material layer) The binder content of the active material slurry for forming is further increased.
- the first active material layer and the second active material layer each independently include a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a dispersant, and the content of the binder contained in the first active material layer is that of the binder contained in the second active material layer. It is designed to be larger than the content.
- the positive electrode current collector can be any conductive material without causing chemical changes in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the positive electrode current collector may be stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- the positive electrode current collector may have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector to increase adhesion to the positive electrode active material layer.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the first and second active material layers may each include a positive electrode active material, a linear conductive material, a rubber-based binder, a fluorine-based binder, and a rubber-based dispersant.
- the present invention includes lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material. Because lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure is maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. As a result, when lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode active material, the high temperature stability and high temperature lifespan characteristics of the positive electrode are significantly improved, thereby reducing the risk of ignition of a lithium secondary battery containing the positive electrode.
- the lithium iron phosphate may be a compound of formula 1 below.
- M includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y.
- X includes any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, S, and N, and a, b, ⁇ 0.5.
- the lithium iron phosphate may be LiFePO 4 .
- 'monolith structure' refers to a structure in which particles exist as an independent phase without mutual agglomeration in terms of morphology.
- a particle structure that contrasts with this monolithic structure is a structure in which small-sized particles ('primary particles') are physically and/or chemically aggregated to form relatively large-sized particles ('secondary particles'). You can.
- lithium iron phosphate has a monolithic structure composed of primary particles
- the possibility of cracking of lithium iron phosphate particles during the rolling process is low compared to the case of secondary particles, so the capacity reduction due to detachment of broken particles is small, which is preferable.
- lithium iron phosphate is a primary particle with a monolithic structure
- migration of the binder can be alleviated during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry, which can be desirable in terms of interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer. there is.
- Lithium iron phosphate may include a carbon coating layer on its surface. When a carbon coating layer is formed on the surface of lithium iron phosphate, electrical conductivity is improved and the resistance characteristics of the positive electrode can be improved.
- the carbon coating layer is made of glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, oligosaccharide, polyoligosaccharide, fructose, cellulose, polymer of furfuryl alcohol, block copolymer of ethylene and ethylene oxide, vinyl resin, cellulose resin, phenolic resin, and pitch. It may be formed using at least one raw material selected from the group consisting of resins and tar-based resins. Specifically, the carbon coating layer may be formed through a process of mixing the raw materials with the lithium iron phosphate and then heat treating them.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of lithium iron phosphate may be 0.8 to 20.0 ⁇ m, specifically 0.9 to 10.0 ⁇ m, and more specifically 0.9 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the positive electrode active material satisfies the above range, the mobility of lithium in lithium iron phosphate is improved, and the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the BET specific surface area of lithium iron phosphate may be 5 to 20 m 2 /g, specifically 7 to 18 m 2 /g, and more specifically 9 to 16 m 2 /g.
- the above range corresponds to a lower value compared to conventional lithium iron phosphate. When the above range is satisfied, aggregation of the lithium iron phosphate can be effectively suppressed even in a positive electrode slurry composition with a relatively small dispersant content.
- the lithium iron phosphate of the present invention is characterized in that it is included in different amounts in the first and second active material layers.
- lithium iron phosphate may be included in the range of 95.0 to 96.3% by weight based on the total solid content of the positive electrode slurry composition constituting the first active material layer. Additionally, it may be included in the range of 96.5 to 97.5% by weight based on the total solid content of the positive electrode slurry composition constituting the second active material layer.
- the battery capacity of the positive electrode can be improved by securing sufficient positive electrode energy density.
- linear means a particle shape like a needle, for example, having an aspect ratio (length/diameter value) in the range of 50 to 650, specifically 60 to 300 or 100 to 300.
- the linear conductive material has higher electrical conductivity than the point-shaped conductive material, and is advantageous in forming a conductive network as it is distributed between the active materials in the active material layer in a form surrounding the active material surface, thereby reducing the content of the conductive material.
- it since it does not block pores, which are empty spaces between active materials, it is advantageous for pore development and has the effect of reducing diffusion resistance by facilitating the diffusion of lithium ions.
- the linear conductive material may be carbon nanotubes (CNT), vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF), carbon nanofiber (CNF), or a mixture of two or more of these. , preferably carbon nanotubes.
- the conductive network of carbon nanotubes is preferable as a conductive material included in the positive electrode of the present invention because it can alleviate the lifting phenomenon of the binder during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry.
- the present invention is characterized in that the content of the linear conductive material included in the first active material layer is greater than the content of the conductive material included in the second active material layer.
- the binder in the area adjacent to the positive electrode current collector may move toward the electrode surface along with evaporation of the solvent.
- the binder content of the area in contact with the current collector after drying decreases compared to before drying after applying the active material slurry, and the adhesive strength of the finally obtained positive electrode may also decrease.
- the positive electrode of the present invention forms a double-layer structure of the positive electrode active material layer, and forms a first active material layer as a lower layer than the positive electrode slurry forming the second active material layer as an upper layer.
- the content of the linear conductive material in the positive electrode slurry formed is higher.
- the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer have a higher content of the linear conductive material in the positive electrode slurry that forms the second active material layer as the upper layer than in the positive electrode slurry that forms the first active material layer in the lower layer.
- the adhesion between (including the first active material layer and the second active material layer) increased. This is because the migration of the binder due to the conductive network structure of linear conductive materials, especially carbon nanofibers, was alleviated during the electrode drying process.
- the positive electrode slurry forming the first active material layer as the lower layer has a higher content of linear conductive material than the positive electrode slurry forming the second active material layer as the upper layer, and the positive electrode slurry forming the first active material layer as the lower layer.
- the thickness change is small in the former case.
- the swelling phenomenon can be suppressed by preventing detachment of the electrode due to the relatively higher adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer (including the first active material layer and the second active material layer) than the latter. there is.
- the linear conductive material of the present invention is characterized in that it is included in different amounts in the first and second active material layers.
- the linear conductive material included in each of the first and second active material layers may be configured to satisfy Condition 1 below.
- E1 represents the linear conductive material content (% by weight) contained in the first active material layer
- E2 represents the linear conductive material content (% by weight) contained in the second active material layer.
- the linear conductive material may be contained in the range of 1.0 to 1.5% by weight in the first active material layer and in the range of 0.4 to 0.95% by weight in the second active material layer.
- the linear conductive material is contained in the first active material layer. It may be contained in the range of 1.1 to 1.4 wt%, and may be contained in the second active material layer in the range of 0.6 to 0.90 wt%.
- the content of the conductive material in the first and second active material layers satisfies the above range, the migration of the binder due to the conductive network structure is alleviated and the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer (first active material layer and second active material
- the adhesion between layers (including layers) can be increased, and the electrical conductivity of the anode can be improved by securing the anode conductive network.
- the binder of the present invention includes both a fluorine-based binder and a rubber-based binder.
- the fluorine-based binder includes a PVDF-based polymer containing vinylidene fluoride (VDF) as a monomer.
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- Specific examples of the PVDF-based polymer include PVDF single polymer, PVDF-HFP (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)), PVDF-CTFE (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)), PVDF-TFE (Poly(vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene) )), PVDF-TrFE (Poly(vinylidene trifluoroethylene)), etc.
- PVDF-HFP Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
- PVDF-CTFE Poly(vinylidene fluoride-
- the fluorine-based binder together with the rubber-based binder, provides adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the fluorine-based binder according to the present invention is 800 kg/mol to 1,500 kg/mol, preferably 900 kg/mol to 1,400 kg/mol, more preferably 950 kg/mol to 1,200 kg/ It is mol. If the weight average molecular weight of the fluorine-based binder is less than the above numerical range, the effect of improving adhesion may not be sufficient, and conversely, if it exceeds the above numerical range, the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry may increase at the same solid content and coating stability may be reduced. Not desirable.
- the fluorine-based binder may be included in an amount of 2.0 to 2.5% by weight in the first active material layer, and 1.2 to 1.8% by weight in the second active material layer, and preferably, 2.1 to 2.4% by weight in one active material layer. It may be included in a range of 1.3 to 1.6% by weight in the second active material layer.
- the rubber-based binder improves the flexibility of the anode, increases the loading amount of the anode, and improves rolling performance.
- the improved flexibility maintains the adhesion of the anode during physical impact outside the anode, thereby contributing to improved adhesion.
- the rubber-based binder of the present invention may be Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR).
- HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
- NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
- the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol.
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the adhesion and flexibility of the first and second active material layers can be improved, and the rolling density of the positive electrode can be increased, and as the rolling density increases, It has the effect of lowering the positive electrode resistance and can have the effect of increasing the adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the rubber-based binder included in the first and second active material layers may be configured to satisfy condition 3 below.
- R1 represents the rubber-based binder content (% by weight) contained in the first active material layer
- R2 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder contained in the second active material layer.
- the rubber-based binder may be included in an amount of 0.3 to 0.7% by weight in the first active material layer, and may be included in an amount of 0.4 to 0.8% by weight in the second active material layer.
- it may be included in the first active material layer in an amount of 0.4 to 0.6% by weight, and in the second active material layer, it may be included in an amount of 0.5 to 0.7% by weight.
- the total content of the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder may be greater in the first active material layer than in the second active material layer.
- the positive electrode has a double-layer structure consisting of a first active material layer and a second active material layer, and the binder content of the slurry forming the first active material layer as the lower layer is increased compared to the second active material layer as the upper layer. It is characterized by
- the total content (% by weight) of the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder included in the first and second active material layers may be in the range of 1.5 or more. If the total content of the binder (including the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder) is less than 1.5% by weight, there is a problem in that the adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer (including the first and second active material layers) and the positive electrode current collector is reduced.
- the binder in the area adjacent to the current collector may migrate toward the electrode surface along with evaporation of the solvent during the drying process.
- the binder content in the area in contact with the current collector after drying decreases, and the adhesive strength of the finally obtained positive electrode (adhesion between the active material layer and the current collector) may also decrease.
- the present invention has a double-layer structure of the positive electrode active material layer, and the first active material is a lower layer than the second active material layer, which is the upper layer of the positive active material layer. It is characterized by an increased binder content of the layer.
- the total content of the binder (including a fluorine-based binder and a rubber-based binder) contained in the first active material layer may range from 1.0 to 1.7 times the total content of the binder contained in the second active material layer, preferably It may range from 1.2 to 1.5 times.
- the total content ratio of the binder is within the above range, even if some of the binder in the first active material layer, which is the lower layer, moves toward the electrode surface during the drying process, the first active material layer of the positive electrode finally obtained after drying contains an excess amount compared to the positive electrode with a single layer structure. Since the binder is left behind, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the adhesion of the positive electrode that occurs during the drying process.
- secondary batteries using a positive electrode with improved adhesion are subject to detachment of the positive electrode current collector and positive active material layer during the charging and discharging process, swelling of the positive electrode and the battery containing it, and further electrochemical damage during the charging and discharging process of the battery. Phenomenon such as deterioration of characteristics can be suppressed.
- the first and second active material layers of the present invention include a dispersant.
- a dispersant is used to increase the dispersibility of the components of the active material layer. In particular, it increases the dispersibility of the conductive material in the active material. Meanwhile, the dispersant can also serve as a thickener.
- the dispersant of the present invention may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR).
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the dispersant may be included in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5% by weight in the first active material layer, and may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4% by weight in the second active material layer. It may be contained in the range of 0.3 to 0.4% by weight in the first active material layer, and may be contained in the range of 0.2 to 0.3% by weight in the second active material layer. Since the binder contained in the first active material layer (including a fluorine-based binder and a rubber-based binder) has a larger amount than the binder contained in the second active material layer (including a fluorine-based binder and a rubber-based binder), taking this into consideration, the amount of the binder contained in the second active material layer is greater than that of the second active material layer. A high content of binder is added to the first active material layer.
- hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber which constitutes the dispersant, has the same chemical structure as hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), which constitutes the binder, but has a different weight average molecular weight (Mw).
- the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol, and is added to the first and second active material layers.
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- Each included rubber-based dispersant may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10 to 50 kg/mol. The smaller the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), the smaller the particle size may be.
- the dispersibility of fluorine-based and rubber-based binders is improved. can be improved.
- the dispersibility problem can be solved by preventing agglomeration between positive electrode active material particles.
- the positive electrode can have excellent positive electrode adhesion and flexibility.
- the positive electrode active material layer may have improved adhesion to the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode may have a porosity in the range of 26 to 34% (v/v). Since a positive active material such as lithium iron phosphate having a porosity in the above range can move freely between electrodes, the cell resistance of the secondary battery can be reduced, and the capacity and output characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the adhesive force measured when peeling the first and second active material layers from the positive electrode current collector at 90° is 45 gf/20mm. or more, specifically 50 gf/20mm or more, or in the range of 45 to 60 gf/20mm.
- a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is as described above.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector; A first active material layer formed on one or both sides of the positive electrode current collector; and a second active material layer formed on the first active material layer; Includes, the first and second active material layers each include a positive electrode active material, a linear conductive material, a rubber-based binder, a fluorine-based binder, and a rubber-based dispersant, and the rubber-based binder contained in each of the first and second active material layers has a weight average molecular weight ( Mw) is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol, and the rubber-based dispersant included in each of the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10 to 50 kg/mol.
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- Mw weight
- the negative electrode can be manufactured, for example, by preparing a composition for forming a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode conductive material on a negative electrode current collector and then applying it on the negative electrode current collector.
- the anode active material is not particularly limited, and usually a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium can be used.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, and highly crystalline carbon; Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy; Alternatively, a composite containing a metallic compound and a carbonaceous material may be mentioned.
- low-crystalline carbon includes soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and liquid crystalline carbon.
- Examples include high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes. .
- high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used, and a thin film of metallic lithium may also be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the anode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions in the battery being constructed as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the anode conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the anode active material layer.
- the negative electrode binder serves to improve the adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and the adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the negative electrode binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, the surface of copper or stainless steel. Surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the separator can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in lithium secondary batteries, and in particular, it is desirable to have low resistance to ion movement in the electrolyte and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these.
- a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- the separator may be a porous thin film having a pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 5 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt commonly used in electrolytes, but is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent can be used without particular restrictions as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (propylene carbonate) Carbonate-based solvents such as PC) may be used.
- ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolact
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charging and discharging performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- Lithium salts can be used without particular restrictions as long as they are compounds that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the lithium salt is preferably included in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.6 mol% to 2 mol%.
- the electrolyte includes, for example, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n- for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- Glyme hexanoic acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imidazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-
- One or more additives such as methoxyethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode assembly, and placing the electrode assembly in a cylindrical battery case or a square battery case and then injecting electrolyte. Alternatively, it may be manufactured by stacking the electrode assembly, impregnating it with an electrolyte, and sealing the resulting product in a battery case.
- the electrode assembly is dried and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, ethanol, propylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- acetone ethanol
- propylene carbonate ethylmethyl carbonate
- ethylene carbonate ethylene carbonate
- dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- One or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of can be removed. If an electrolyte having the same composition as the organic solvent used in manufacturing the positive electrode is used as the electrolyte, the process of drying the electrode assembly can be omitted.
- the lithium secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention may be an all-solid-state battery.
- the battery case may be one commonly used in the field, and there is no limitation on the appearance depending on the purpose of the battery, for example, a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape, etc. This can be.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and capacity retention rate, it is widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, energy storage systems (ESS), and hybrid electricity. It is useful in the field of electric vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
- HEV hybrid electric vehicles
- the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate (S20), carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a conductive material, a fluorine-based binder (Kynar ® , HSV900), and a rubber-based binder, hydrogenated nitrile-based butadiene rubber with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 200 kg/mol. (HNBR) and as a dispersant, hydrogenated nitrile-based butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20 kg/mol was mixed, and then mixed for 90 minutes at 2500 rpm using Homo-disperse to obtain the first and second dispersants. 2 A positive electrode slurry was prepared.
- lithium iron phosphate In the first positive electrode slurry, lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, dispersant, fluorine-based binder, and rubber-based binder were present in a weight ratio of 95.74:1.2:0.36:2.2:0.5.
- lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, dispersant, fluorine-based binder, and rubber-based binder were present in a weight ratio of 96.96:0.8:0.24:1.4:0.6.
- the second positive electrode slurry was coated on the first active material layer, dried with hot air at 130°C for 5 minutes, and then rolled by roll pressing to form a first active material layer, thereby manufacturing a positive electrode with a double layer.
- the total loading of the anode was 584 mg/25cm2, and the porosity was 29% (v/v).
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, dispersant, fluorine-based binder, and rubber-based binder in the first and second positive electrode slurries was changed as shown in Table 1.
- positive electrodes were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight average molecular weights of the rubber binder and dispersant were changed as shown in Table 1.
- the positive electrode slurries prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were cooled for 1 hour at room temperature and 1% relative humidity, and then measured at 25°C using a viscometer (Brookfield). The viscosity of the positive electrode slurry composition was measured at a shear rate of 2.5 /s. Viscosity measurement was conducted within 2 hours, including cooling time, after preparing the positive electrode slurry composition.
- the positive electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were vacuum dried at a temperature of 130°C for 2 hours, and then the adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. .
- the positive electrodes manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were cut to 150 mm and 20 mm wide, and the positive electrode surface was placed on a slide glass with a length of 75 mm and a width of 25 mm in the longitudinal direction with double-sided tape. It was attached using . That is, the slide glass was attached to an area corresponding to half of the longitudinal direction of the anode. Then, an evaluation sample was prepared by rubbing the roller 10 times so that the double-sided tape was uniformly attached.
- the slide glass part of the evaluation sample was fixed to the sample stage of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (product name: LS5, manufacturer: LLOYD), and the anode half without the slide glass attached was placed in the load cell of the UTM equipment. Connected.
- the load cell was moved up to 50 mm by applying force at 90° at a speed of 100 mm/min and the load applied to the load cell was measured.
- the average value of the load measured in the 20 mm to 40 mm section of the driving section was calculated, and this was repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value was measured as the anode adhesive force (gf/20mm) of each sample.
- Example 1 66/62 11,600/14,400 56.2
- Example 2 66/62 11,900/19,900 53.6
- Example 3 66/62 11,100/14,800 55
- Example 4 66/62 12,600/15,600 52.8
- Example 5 66/62 14,500/17,600 49.9
- Example 6 66/62 16,900/19,100 51
- Comparative Example 1 65/63 14,700/11,900 39.2
- Comparative Example 2 65/63 13,900/12,100 38.8 Comparative Example 3 65/63 13,100/12,700 33.8
- Comparative Example 4 66/62 7,500/8,200 40.5 Comparative Example 5 66/62 14,400/16,100 36.4
- Comparative Example 6 66/62 17,500/19,200 33.2
- Comparative Example 7 66/62 8,900/9,700 35.7
- the positive electrode of Example 1 contains more conductive material in the first active material layer than in the second active material layer.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 contain less conductive material in the first active material layer than in the second active material layer. It can be confirmed that the anode adhesion of Example 1 is superior to the anode adhesion of each of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the positive electrodes of Examples 2 and 3 have a different ratio of the conductive material contained in the first active material layer and the second active material layer from that of Example 1, but the conductive material contained in the first active material layer is still contained in the second active material layer.
- the positive electrode forming the first active material layer as the lower layer when the content of the linear conductive material in the positive electrode slurry forming the first active material layer as the lower layer is higher than that in the positive electrode slurry for forming the second active material layer as the first active material layer, the positive electrode forming the first active material layer as the lower layer.
- the adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer is lower than that of the slurry. increased.
- the rubber binder included in the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 100 to 500 kg/mol.
- the rubber-based dispersant included in each of the first and second active material layers is hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10 to 50 kg/mol.
- Comparative Examples 4 to 7 do not fall within the above range.
- the adhesion of the positive electrodes of Examples 1 and 4 to 6 was found to be significantly superior to that of the positive electrodes of Comparative Examples 4 to 7. This prevents agglomeration between the constituent particles of the positive electrode when the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) of the rubber-based binder and rubber-based dispersant included in the first and second active material layers respectively has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the above range. It is analyzed that adhesion was improved by solving dispersibility and preventing migration of binders (including fluorine-based binders and rubber-based binders) to the electrode surface during the drying process.
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) of the rubber-based binder and the rubber-based dispersant included in each of the first and second active material layers has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in a certain range, and is used as the first active material.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- a positive electrode in which the content of the linear conductive material contained in the layer is greater than the content of the conductive material included in the second active material layer may have excellent adhesion while containing a large amount of the positive electrode active material.
- Example 1 For the lithium secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, a current of 1/3C was applied until the SOC reached 30% and 100%, respectively, in CC/CV mode at 25°C. Each battery was charged. After disassembling the lithium secondary batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode was measured and the rate of change was measured. Table 3 below shows the values.
- the negative electrode constituting the lithium secondary battery contains a mixture (85:10:5, weight %) of artificial graphite (GT), natural graphite (AGP8), and SiO (KSC6027D) as an active material, and carbon black (Super- A negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding a mixture of C65) and CNT (NCL-H5), SBR (BM-L302) as a binder, and CMC (Daicel 2200) as a thickener to distilled water as a solvent in a ratio of 95.1:1.5:2.3:1.1.
- a negative electrode was manufactured by coating the negative electrode slurry on one side of a copper foil with a thickness of 6 ⁇ m, and drying and rolling were performed under the same conditions as the positive electrode.
- the electrolyte solution is an organic solvent mixed with ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) in a composition of 30:70 (volume ratio), 0.1% by weight of tetravinylsilane (VS2), and 1% by weight of ethylene sulfate (ESa) as additives.
- %, 0.5% by weight of 1,3-propenesultone (PS), 1% by weight of lithium difluorophosphate (DFP), 0.2% by weight of LiBF4, and 0.7M LiPF6 and 0.5M LiFSI are dissolved in a non-aqueous solution.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by interposing a separator (DB0905/BA1, 8 ⁇ m) between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and then injecting the electrolyte solution.
- Example 1 has a smaller change in thickness that occurs during charging and discharging compared to the positive electrode of Comparative Example 1. It is analyzed that Example 1 has a higher adhesive force than Comparative Example 1, so it can prevent detachment of the electrode and thus prevents the swelling phenomenon. Therefore, in the positive electrode, the content of the linear conductive material contained in the first active material layer is greater than the content of the conductive material contained in the second active material layer, thereby improving the adhesion of the positive electrode and suppressing the swelling phenomenon due to charging and discharging. can do.
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Abstract
Description
| 제2 활물질층/제1 활물질층 | 양극 활물질층 (제1 및 제2 활물질층 포함)의 접착력(gf/20mm) |
||
| 고형분(중량%) | 슬러리 점도(cps@2.5/s) | ||
| 실시예 1 | 66/62 | 11,600/14,400 | 56.2 |
| 실시예 2 | 66/62 | 11,900/19,900 | 53.6 |
| 실시예 3 | 66/62 | 11,100/14,800 | 55 |
| 실시예 4 | 66/62 | 12,600/15,600 | 52.8 |
| 실시예 5 | 66/62 | 14,500/17,600 | 49.9 |
| 실시예 6 | 66/62 | 16,900/19,100 | 51 |
| 비교예 1 | 65/63 | 14,700/11,900 | 39.2 |
| 비교예 2 | 65/63 | 13,900/12,100 | 38.8 |
| 비교예 3 | 65/63 | 13,100/12,700 | 33.8 |
| 비교예 4 | 66/62 | 7,500/8,200 | 40.5 |
| 비교예 5 | 66/62 | 14,400/16,100 | 36.4 |
| 비교예 6 | 66/62 | 17,500/19,200 | 33.2 |
| 비교예 7 | 66/62 | 8,900/9,700 | 35.7 |
| 양극의 초기 두께(mm) | 양극 두께 변화율(%) | ||
| SOC 30% | SOC 100% | ||
| 실시예 1 | 79.85 | 3.99 | 1.35 |
| 비교예 1 | 79.9 | 6.55 | 4.28 |
Claims (13)
- 양극 집전체;양극 집전체의 일면 또는 양면에 형성된 제1 활물질층; 및제1 활물질층 상에 형성된 제2 활물질층; 을 포함하고,제1 및 제2 활물질층은 각각 양극 활물질, 선형 도전재, 고무계 바인더, 불소계 바인더 및 고무계 분산제를 포함하되,제1 및 제2 활물질층에 각각 포함된 고무계 바인더는 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 100 내지 500 kg/mol 범위인 수소화 니트릴 부타디엔 고무(HNBR)이고,제1 및 제2 활물질층에 각각 포함된 고무계 분산제는 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 10 내지 50 kg/mol 범위인 수소화 니트릴 부타디엔 고무(HNBR)이며,제1 활물질층에 포함된 선형 도전재의 함량은 제2 활물질층에 포함된 도전재의 함량보다 많은 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제1 및 제2 활물질층에 각각 포함된 선형 도전재는, 하기 조건 1을 만족하는 양극:[조건 1]0.5 ≤ E2/E1 ≤ 0.9E1은 제1 활물질층에 함유된 선형 도전재 함량(중량%)을 나타내고,E2는 제2 활물질층에 함유된 선형 도전재 함량(중량%)을 나타낸다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,선형 도전재는, 제1 활물질층 내에 1.0 내지 1.5 중량% 범위 포함되고,제2 활물질층 내에 0.4 내지 0.95 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제1 및 제2 활물질층에 각각 포함된 불소계 바인더는, 하기 조건 2를 만족하는 양극:[조건 2]0.5 ≤ P2/P1 ≤ 0.8P1은 제1 활물질층에 함유된 불소계 바인더 함량(중량%)을 나타내고,P2는 제2 활물질층에 함유된 불소계 바인더 함량(중량%)을 나타낸다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,불소계 바인더는, 제1 활물질층 내에 2.0 내지 2.5 중량% 범위로 포함되고,제2 활물질층 내에 1.2 내지 1.8 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제1 및 제2 활물질층에 포함된 고무계 바인더는, 하기 조건 3을 만족하는 양극:[조건 3]1.0 ≤ R2/R1 ≤ 1.4R1은 제1 활물질층에 함유된 고무계 바인더 함량(중량%)을 나타내고,R2는 제2 활물질층에 함유된 고무계 바인더 함량(중량%)을 나타낸다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,고무계 바인더는, 제1 활물질층 내에 0.3 내지 0.7 중량% 범위로 포함되고,제2 활물질층 내에 0.4 내지 0.8 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,제1 및 제2 활물질층에 포함된 불소계 바인더 및 고무계 바인더의 총 함량(중량%)은 1.5 이상 범위인 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,기공도(porosity)는 26 내지 34%(v/v) 범위인 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,진공 건조(vacuum drying)된 양극에서, 양극 집전체로부터 제1 및 제2 활물질층을 포함하는 양극 활물질층을 90° 로 박리하는 접착력 평가시 측정되는 접착력은, 45 gf/20mm 이상인 양극.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,양극 활물질은 리튬 인산철을 포함하며,리튬 인산철은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물인 양극:[화학식 1]Li1+aFe1-xMx(PO4-b)Xb상기 화학식 1에서, M은 Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn 및 Y 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하고, X는 F, S 및 N 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하며, 그리고, a, b, x는 각각 -0.5≤a≤0.5, 0≤b≤0.1, 0≤x≤0.5이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,선형 도전재는, 탄소나노튜브인 양극.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 12 항 중 어느 하나의 항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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| US18/842,529 US20250174661A1 (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2023-11-29 | Cathode and Lithium Secondary Battery Comprising Same |
| JP2024550612A JP7831915B2 (ja) | 2022-12-02 | 2023-11-29 | 正極およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
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| KR20160146580A (ko) * | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 합제 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR20190000849A (ko) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-01-03 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지 |
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| EP4465387A1 (en) | 2024-11-20 |
| JP2025507715A (ja) | 2025-03-21 |
| KR20240082878A (ko) | 2024-06-11 |
| US20250174661A1 (en) | 2025-05-29 |
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