WO2024119833A1 - 一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统 - Google Patents

一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024119833A1
WO2024119833A1 PCT/CN2023/108157 CN2023108157W WO2024119833A1 WO 2024119833 A1 WO2024119833 A1 WO 2024119833A1 CN 2023108157 W CN2023108157 W CN 2023108157W WO 2024119833 A1 WO2024119833 A1 WO 2024119833A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axial
bearing
radial
magnetic
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/108157
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭伟林
龚高
王建辉
李欣
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Original Assignee
Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai filed Critical Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Priority to EP23899418.0A priority Critical patent/EP4607046A4/en
Publication of WO2024119833A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024119833A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0468—Details of the magnetic circuit of moving parts of the magnetic circuit, e.g. of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0461—Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0485—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of three degrees of freedom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/005—Cooling of bearings of magnetic bearings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of magnetic bearings, and in particular to a magnetic bearing and a magnetic bearing system.
  • Magnetic bearings are a new type of bearing that uses electromagnetic force to suspend the shaft.
  • the radial-axial integrated bearing provides a new design idea for small-volume bearing design.
  • how to arrange the radial and axial bearings so that the rotor has better dynamic characteristics, while making the bearing structure simple and easy to assemble, and taking into account the electrical, bearing cooling, rotor characteristics, etc., is a design difficulty.
  • the patent number CN109707735A in the prior art discloses a magnetic suspension bearing, see Figure 1 - prior art diagram. It includes an axial magnetic bearing stator, a rotor lamination 53 and a thrust plate 52, a stator lamination 14, a permanent magnetic bias magnet 12, a magnetic guide ring 11, an axial control coil 221 and a radial control coil 15.
  • the permanent magnetic bias magnet 12 is sleeved on the outside of the stator lamination 14; the magnetic guide ring 11 is sleeved on the outside of the permanent magnetic bias magnet 12; the axial control coil 221 is arranged between the upper magnetic pole 21 and the lower magnetic pole 3, and is arranged to generate an axial control magnetic flux to control the axial movement of the magnetic bearing; the radial control coil 15 is arranged on the stator lamination 14, and is arranged to generate a radial control magnetic flux to control the radial movement of the magnetic bearing, and the rotor eddy current loss of the magnetic bearing is reduced by the permanent magnetic bias.
  • this type of bearing structure has a small axial dimension, its radial bearing rotor has a large outer diameter.
  • the strength of the bearing rotor often cannot meet the requirements, or when the strength requirements are met, they often cannot meet the assembly requirements. Therefore, this type of structure is not suitable for high-power and ultra-high-speed magnetic suspension systems.
  • the present invention studies and designs a magnetic bearing and a magnetic bearing system.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to overcome the defect of the magnetic bearing in the related art that the radial dimension is too large, thereby providing a magnetic bearing and a magnetic bearing system.
  • a magnetic suspension bearing which includes:
  • a bearing housing, an axial bearing and a radial bearing wherein the axial bearing and the radial bearing are arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the axial bearing includes an axial bearing rotor, and the radial bearing includes a radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearing rotor is arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft
  • the radial bearing rotor is arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft
  • the axial bearing rotor and the radial bearing rotor are connected in the axial direction of the rotating shaft
  • the axial bearing acts on the rotating shaft through the axial bearing rotor
  • the radial bearing acts on the rotating shaft through the radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearing includes an axial bearing stator
  • the radial bearing includes a radial bearing stator
  • at least part of the structure of the axial bearing stator is located on the outer periphery of the axial bearing rotor
  • at least part of the structure of the radial bearing stator is located on the outer periphery of the radial bearing rotor
  • the magnetic bearing also includes a magnetic steel, the magnetic steel is located between the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator, and the magnetic steel can provide bias magnetic circuits for the axial bearing and the radial bearing, respectively.
  • one end of the magnetic steel is connected to the axial bearing stator along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the other end of the magnetic steel is connected to the radial bearing stator.
  • the magnetic circuit generated by the magnetic steel passes through the axial bearing stator, the axial bearing rotor, the radial bearing rotor, the radial bearing stator and the magnetic steel to form a bias magnetic flux loop.
  • the axial bearing stator includes a front axial iron core, an axial winding frame, an axial winding and a rear axial iron core, the radial outer end of the front axial iron core is connected to the radial outer end of the rear axial iron core, the radial inner end of the front axial iron core and the radial inner end of the rear axial iron core form a first accommodating space, the axial winding frame is arranged in the first accommodating space, and the axial winding is wound on the axial winding frame, and the axial control magnetic circuit generated by the axial winding passes through the rear axial iron core, the axial bearing rotor and the front axial iron core to form an axial control magnetic circuit.
  • the rear axial core is a circular disk structure
  • the front axial core is also a ring-shaped structure
  • the front axial core includes a first ring-shaped portion, a first cylindrical portion, and a second ring-shaped portion
  • the first cylindrical portion is a cylinder
  • one axial end of the first cylindrical portion is connected to the radial inner end of the first ring-shaped portion
  • the other axial end of the first cylindrical portion is connected to the radial outer end of the second ring-shaped portion
  • the outer diameter of the first annular portion is greater than the outer diameter of the second annular portion
  • the inner diameter of the first annular portion is greater than the inner diameter of the second annular portion.
  • the first accommodating space is surrounded by the first cylindrical portion, the second annular portion and the rear axial core.
  • the radial bearing stator includes a radial ring, a radial stator core and a radial winding
  • the radial stator core is located on the inner circumference of the radial ring
  • the radial winding is wound on the radial stator core
  • the radial control magnetic circuit generated by the radial winding passes through the radial stator core and the radial bearing rotor to form a radial control magnetic circuit.
  • the radial stator core is an annular disc structure
  • the radial ring is also an annular structure
  • the radial ring includes a third annular portion and a second cylindrical portion
  • the second cylindrical portion is a cylinder
  • one axial end of the second cylindrical portion is connected to the radial outer end of the third annular portion
  • the second cylindrical portion and the third annular portion form a second accommodating space for accommodating the radial stator core.
  • the magnetic circuit generated by the magnetic steel passes through the rear axial iron core, the axial bearing rotor, the radial bearing rotor, the radial stator iron core, the radial ring and the magnetic steel to form a first bias magnetic flux loop; the magnetic circuit generated by the magnetic steel passes through the rear axial iron core, the front axial iron core, the axial bearing rotor, the radial bearing rotor, the radial stator iron core, the radial ring and the magnetic steel to form a second bias magnetic flux loop.
  • the bearing housing is a cylindrical structure, which includes a first space for accommodating the axial bearing and a second space for accommodating the radial bearing.
  • the inner diameter of the inner wall of the first space is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the second space.
  • a step structure is formed at the junction of the first space and the second space. The step structure includes a first end face of the housing, the axial bearing abuts against the first end face of the housing, and the inner wall of the second space is formed as a first cylindrical surface of the housing.
  • a baffle is further included, an annular groove is provided at one axial end of the bearing housing located at the second space, the bottom of the annular groove forms the second end face of the housing, and the baffle is provided on the second end face of the housing.
  • the axial bearing when the axial bearing includes a rear axial core, the rear axial core abuts against the first end face of the shell, and when the radial bearing includes a radial ring, the radial ring is connected to the first cylindrical surface of the shell; a radial bearing positioning hole is also provided on the bearing shell at a position opposite to the second space, and the radial bearing positioning hole passes through the outer wall to the inner wall of the bearing shell.
  • the bearing housing is further provided with a housing through hole, the housing through hole axially penetrates from the first end surface of the housing to the second end surface of the housing, and the housing through hole can position the axial bearing;
  • the bearing housing is also provided with a housing outlet hole, and the housing outlet hole is connected to the bearing housing.
  • the inner wall penetrates to the outer wall;
  • the axial bearing also includes an axial bearing lead-out wire
  • the radial bearing also includes a radial bearing lead-out wire, one end of the axial bearing lead-out wire is connected to the axial winding, and the other end is led out from the housing lead-out hole, and one end of the radial bearing lead-out wire is connected to the radial winding, and the other end passes through the housing through hole and the housing lead-out hole in sequence and is led out.
  • the present disclosure further provides a magnetic bearing system, which comprises the magnetic bearing as described in any of the preceding items, and further comprises a cooling channel, wherein the cooling channel can cool the axial bearing and the radial bearing.
  • a housing cooling hole is provided on the bearing housing in a manner that passes through the outer wall to the inner wall thereof;
  • the axial bearing comprises an axial bearing stator
  • the radial bearing comprises a radial bearing stator
  • the cooling channel includes a first cooling channel and a second cooling channel, the housing cooling hole is opposite to and communicates with the first space, the first cooling channel includes a first axial cooling hole and a second axial cooling hole, the first axial cooling hole axially penetrates the axial bearing stator, and the second axial cooling hole axially penetrates the radial bearing stator;
  • the second cooling channel includes a radial cooling hole, a third axial cooling hole and a fourth axial cooling hole.
  • the radial cooling hole radially penetrates the axial bearing stator, the third axial cooling hole axially penetrates the axial bearing rotor, and the fourth axial cooling hole axially penetrates the radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearing stator when the axial bearing stator includes a front axial core, an axial winding frame, an axial winding and a rear axial core, the axial core, the rear axial core and the axial winding frame are all axially oppositely provided with the first axial cooling holes, and when the radial bearing includes a radial stator core and a radial ring, the radial stator core and the radial ring are all axially oppositely provided with the second axial cooling holes.
  • the axial bearing stator when the axial bearing stator includes a front axial iron core, an axial winding frame, an axial winding and a rear axial iron core, the radial cooling hole is radially opened at a position of the rear axial iron core opposite to the shell cooling hole, and the radial cooling hole extends from the radial outer end of the rear axial iron core to the radial inner end thereof; the third axial cooling hole and the fourth axial cooling hole are axially arranged opposite to each other.
  • the present invention provides an axial bearing including an axial bearing rotor and a radial bearing including a radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearing rotor and the radial bearing rotor are located at the outer periphery of the rotating shaft and connected in the axial direction, so that the axial bearing acts on the rotating shaft through the axial bearing rotor and the radial bearing acts on the rotating shaft through the radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearing Compared with the related art in which the axial bearing and the radial bearing share a rotor, the axial bearing The bearings and radial bearings are arranged in the axial direction and are respectively configured as bearings through their respective rotors, so that the superposition of the structures of the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator in the radial direction caused by the shared rotor can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing the radial size of the magnetic suspension bearing and improving the fixed frequency of the rotor, so that the strength of the bearing rotor can effectively meet the requirements at high power and high speed, and can be suitable for high-power and ultra-high-speed magnetic suspension systems, and is more suitable for high-speed fields;
  • the present invention also sets a magnetic steel between the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator, and can provide bias magnetic circuits for the axial bearing and the radial bearing simultaneously and separately through the magnetic steel, so that the axial bearing and the radial bearing share the magnetic steel structure to form a hybrid three-degree-of-freedom bearing structure with low heat generation and low loss.
  • the axial dimension can be effectively shortened, and the requirements of bearing assembly can be met through the reasonable arrangement of the bearings.
  • the rotor has a higher modal frequency and can be further applied to the field of ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation.
  • the present invention has a simple structure and a low manufacturing cost, and is suitable for promotion and wide application in various types of rotating machinery supported by magnetic bearings. It has strong feasibility and simple assembly, and can be widely used in the field of ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation, and also has positive reference value for the industrial application of ultra-high-speed magnetic bearings.
  • FIG1 is a general cross-sectional view of a magnetic bearing in the related art
  • FIG2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the magnetic bearing system disclosed in the present invention.
  • Fig. 2a is a left side view of Fig. 2;
  • FIG3 is an exploded structural diagram of the magnetic bearing disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG3a is a structural diagram of the complete assembly of the magnetic bearing of FIG3 ;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit principle structure of the magnetic bearing disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG4a is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG4;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic bearing disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a longitudinal section view and a schematic diagram of the cooling structure of the magnetic bearing disclosed in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6a is a longitudinal sectional view of the bearing housing in Fig. 6;
  • FIG6b is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing housing of FIG6a;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of the cooling channel at the rear axial core of the magnetic bearing system disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7a is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 7 .
  • Figure 1 1. Permanent magnet; 2. Rotor core; 3. Axial control winding; 5. Axial core.
  • Fig. 2-Fig. 7a 1. bearing housing; 101. housing outlet hole; 102. housing first end face; 103. housing first cylindrical surface; 104. housing cooling hole; 105. housing second end face; 106. radial bearing positioning hole; 107. housing through hole; 108. first space; 109. second space; 2. axial bearing; 201. front axial core; 2011. first annular portion; 2012. first cylindrical portion; 2013. second annular portion; 201-1. axial bearing cooling hole; 202. axial winding skeleton; 203. axial winding; 204. rear axial core; 204-1. axial bearing first end face; 204-2. radial cooling hole; 2 06. Axial bearing lead wire; 501. Axial bearing rotor; 3.
  • a magnetic suspension bearing (preferably a three-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension bearing structure assembly, mainly used in magnetic suspension motor products), which includes:
  • the axial bearing rotor 501 is arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 5 and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 5
  • the radial bearing rotor 502 is arranged on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 5 and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 5
  • the axial bearing rotor 501 and the radial bearing rotor 502 are connected in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 5
  • the axial bearing 2 acts on the rotating shaft 5 through the axial bearing rotor 501
  • the radial bearing 3 acts on the rotating shaft 5 through the radial bearing rotor 502.
  • the axial bearing is configured to include an axial bearing rotor
  • the radial bearing is configured to include a radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearing rotor and the radial bearing rotor are located on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft and are connected in the axial direction, so that the axial bearing acts on the rotating shaft through the axial bearing rotor, and the radial bearing acts on the rotating shaft through the radial bearing rotor.
  • the axial bearings and the radial bearings are arranged in the axial direction, and act on the bearings respectively through their respective rotors.
  • the superposition of the structures of the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator in the radial direction caused by the shared rotor can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing the radial size of the magnetic suspension bearing, improving the fixed frequency of the rotor, so that the strength of the bearing rotor can effectively meet the requirements at high power and high speed, and can be suitable for high power and high speed.
  • the ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation system is more suitable for high-speed fields.
  • the present invention discloses a three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing assembly structure, which shortens the radial and axial dimensions of the bearing through the combination of radial and axial bearing structures, meets the needs of bearing assembly through the reasonable arrangement of bearings, and improves the cooling efficiency of the magnetic bearing through the design of cooling channels, providing a practical design idea for the industrial application of magnetic bearings.
  • the magnetic bearing disclosed in the present invention adopts a three-degree-of-freedom bearing structure, which can shorten the radial and axial lengths of the rotor.
  • the radial dimension is smaller, and compared with the common radial and axially separated magnetic bearings, the axial dimension is shorter, which effectively improves the fixed frequency of the rotor and solves the problem of insufficient fixed frequency of the rotor at high speed.
  • the rotor has a higher modal frequency and is more suitable for the high-speed field;
  • the present invention adopts a hybrid three-degree-of-freedom bearing structure, which has low heat generation and low loss;
  • the present invention has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is suitable for promotion and wide application in various types of rotating machinery supported by magnetic bearings;
  • the present invention is highly feasible and easy to assemble, and can be widely used in the field of ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation. It also has positive reference value for the industrial application of ultra-high-speed magnetic bearings.
  • the axial bearing 2 includes an axial bearing stator
  • the radial bearing 3 includes a radial bearing stator
  • at least part of the structure of the axial bearing stator is located on the periphery of the axial bearing rotor 501
  • at least part of the structure of the radial bearing stator is located on the periphery of the radial bearing rotor 502.
  • the magnetic bearing also includes a magnetic steel 301, and the magnetic steel 301 is located between the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator.
  • the magnetic steel 301 can provide bias magnetic circuits for the axial bearing and the radial bearing, respectively.
  • the present invention also sets a magnetic steel between the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator, and can provide bias magnetic circuits for the axial bearing and the radial bearing simultaneously and separately through the magnetic steel, so that the axial bearing and the radial bearing share the magnetic steel structure, forming a hybrid three-degree-of-freedom bearing structure with low heat generation and low loss.
  • the axial dimension can be effectively shortened, and the requirements of bearing assembly can be met through the reasonable arrangement of the bearings.
  • the rotor has a higher modal frequency and can be further applied to the field of ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation.
  • the present invention has a simple structure and a low manufacturing cost, and is suitable for promotion and wide application in various types of rotating machinery supported by magnetic bearings. It has strong feasibility and simple assembly, and can be widely used in the field of ultra-high-speed magnetic levitation, and also has positive reference value for the industrial application of ultra-high-speed magnetic bearings.
  • one end of the magnetic steel 301 is connected to the axial bearing stator, and the other end of the magnetic steel 301 is connected to the radial bearing stator.
  • the magnetic circuit generated by 301 passes through the axial bearing stator, the axial bearing rotor 501, the radial bearing rotor 502, the radial bearing stator and the magnetic steel 301 to form a bias magnetic flux loop.
  • the bias magnetic circuit 23 provided by the magnet 301 is a closed loop formed by the magnet-front/rear axial iron core-axial air gap-rotor-radial stator-magnet, which provides bias in both radial and axial directions;
  • the axial control magnetic circuit 205 is a closed loop formed by the front axial iron core-air gap-rotor-rear axial iron core, and the plane where the loop is located is parallel to the rotor axis;
  • the radial control magnetic circuit 305 is a radial control loop magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator-radial air gap-rotor-radial air gap-radial stator; the plane where the loop is located is perpendicular to the axis.
  • the axial bearing stator includes a front axial core 201, an axial winding skeleton 202, an axial winding 203 and a rear axial core 204, the radial outer end of the front axial core 201 is connected to the radial outer end of the rear axial core 204, the radial inner end of the front axial core 201 and the radial inner end of the rear axial core 204 form a first accommodating space, the axial winding skeleton 202 is arranged in the first accommodating space, and the axial winding 203 is wound on the axial winding skeleton 202, the axial winding 203 is radially opposite to the axial bearing rotor 501 (it can be directly opposite, slightly inclined or not directly opposite, as long as it can provide an axial control magnetic circuit to pass through the axial bearing rotor), the axial control magnetic circuit generated by the axial winding 203 passes through the rear axial core 204, the axial bearing rotor 501 and the front
  • the front axial core and the rear axial core can form a first accommodating space for setting the axial winding frame, and the axial winding is wound on the axial winding frame, so that an axial control magnetic circuit is formed on the rear axial core, the axial bearing rotor and the front axial core through the axial winding, forming an axial control magnetic circuit, thereby forming control of the offset or movement of the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
  • the rear axial core 204 is a circular disk structure
  • the front axial core 201 is also a ring-shaped structure
  • the front axial core 201 includes a first annular portion 2011, a first cylindrical portion 2012 and a second annular portion 2013, the first cylindrical portion 2012 is a cylinder, one axial end of the first cylindrical portion 2012 is connected to the radial inner end of the first annular portion 2011, and the other axial end of the first cylindrical portion 2012 is connected to the radial outer end of the second annular portion 2013, the outer diameter of the first annular portion 2011 is larger than the outer diameter of the second annular portion 2013, and the inner diameter of the first annular portion 2011 is larger than the outer diameter of the second annular portion 2013.
  • the first accommodating space is formed at the inner diameter of the second annular portion 2013 by the first cylindrical portion 2012 , the second annular portion 2013 and the rear axial core 204 .
  • the rear axial core is a circular disk structure
  • the front axial core includes first and second annular parts and a first cylindrical part, so that the first cylindrical part, the second annular part and the rear axial core form a first accommodating space for accommodating the axial winding frame setting.
  • the front axial core 201 of the present invention is provided with an axial skeleton installation groove inside, and the axial winding skeleton 202 is fixed on the front axial core 201 through the installation groove.
  • An axial winding 203 is wound inside the axial winding skeleton 202, and the axial winding 203 provides a control magnetic flux for the axial direction;
  • a magnetic steel fixing frame is provided on the first end face 204-1 of the axial bearing of the rear axial core 204, and the magnetic steel fixing frame is installed on the first end face 204-1 of the axial bearing by screws, and the magnetic steel 301 is installed on the rear axial core
  • the radial stator core 303 is a 4-pole structure, each pole is wound with a radial winding 304, and two opposite control windings are connected in series to provide radial control flux; the radial stator core 303 is sleeved inside the radial ring 302, and the radial ring 302 is slee
  • the magnetic steel 301 is located between the radial ring 302 and the rear axial core 204, one side is in contact with the first end face of the rear axial core 204, and the other side is in contact with the first end face of the radial ring 302.
  • the radial bearing stator includes a radial ring 302, a radial stator core 303 and a radial winding 304, the radial stator core 303 is located on the inner circumference of the radial ring 302, and the radial winding 304 is wound on the radial stator core 303, the radial winding 304 is radially opposite to the radial bearing rotor 502 (it can be directly opposite, slightly inclined, or not directly opposite, as long as it can provide a radial control magnetic circuit to pass through the radial bearing rotor), and the radial control magnetic circuit generated by the radial winding 304 passes through the radial stator core 303 and the radial bearing rotor 502 to form a radial control magnetic circuit.
  • the radial ring can be used to form a second accommodating space for setting the radial stator core.
  • the radial winding is wound on the radial stator core, so that an axial radial control magnetic circuit is formed on the radial stator core, the radial ring and the radial bearing rotor through the radial winding, forming a radial control magnetic circuit, thereby forming control of the radial displacement or movement of the rotating shaft.
  • the radial stator core 303 is a circular disc structure
  • the radial ring 302 is also a ring structure
  • the radial ring 302 includes a third annular portion 3021 and a second cylindrical portion 3022
  • the second cylindrical portion 3022 is a cylinder
  • one axial end of the second cylindrical portion 3022 is connected to the radial outer end of the third annular portion 3021
  • the second cylindrical portion 3022 and the third annular portion 3021 form a second accommodating space for accommodating the radial stator core 303.
  • This is the radial stator core of the present disclosure.
  • the radial stator core is a circular disc structure
  • the radial ring includes a third annular portion and a second cylindrical portion, so that a second accommodating space for accommodating the radial stator core is formed by the second cylindrical portion and the third annular portion.
  • the magnetic circuit generated by the magnetic steel 301 passes through the rear axial core 204, the axial bearing rotor 501, the radial bearing rotor 502, the radial stator core 303, the radial ring 302 and the magnetic steel 301 to form a first bias magnetic flux loop; the magnetic circuit generated by the magnetic steel 301 passes through the rear axial core 204, the front axial core 201, the axial bearing rotor 501, the radial bearing rotor 502, the radial stator core 303, the radial ring 302 and the magnetic steel 301 to form a second bias magnetic flux loop.
  • the present invention discloses that, through the setting of the front and rear axial iron cores, a part of the bias magnetic circuit can form a circulating magnetic circuit by passing through the rear axial iron core only, and a part of the bias magnetic circuit can also form a circulating magnetic circuit by passing through the front axial iron core and the rear axial iron core, thereby enhancing the driving magnetic flux to the axial bearing rotor and improving the axial driving capability.
  • the bias magnetic circuit 23 provided by the magnetic steel 301 is an axial magnetization method for the magnetic steel, with the N pole facing the rear axial core.
  • the magnetic circuit is a closed loop formed by the magnetic steel-front/rear axial core-axial air gap-rotor-radial stator-magnetic steel, which provides bias for both radial and axial directions;
  • the axial control magnetic circuit 205 is a closed loop formed by the front axial core-air gap-rotor-rear axial core, and the plane where the loop is located is parallel to the rotor axis;
  • the radial control magnetic circuit 305 is a radial control loop magnetic circuit formed by the radial stator-radial air gap-rotor-radial air gap-radial stator; the plane where the loop is located is perpendicular to the axis.
  • the bearing housing 1 is a cylindrical structure, which includes a first space 108 for accommodating the axial bearing 2 and a second space 109 for accommodating the radial bearing 3.
  • the inner diameter of the inner wall of the first space 108 is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the second space 109.
  • a step structure is formed at the junction of the first space 108 and the second space 109.
  • the step structure includes a first end face 102 of the housing, the axial bearing 2 abuts against the first end face 102 of the housing, and the inner wall of the second space is formed as a first cylindrical surface 103 of the housing.
  • the axial bearing 2 is installed in the housing through the first end face 102 of the housing on the housing, and the radial bearing 3 is installed in the housing through the first cylindrical surface 103 of the housing on the housing.
  • the radial bearing is arranged close to the motor, and the heat insulation baffle 4 is installed on the housing, located on the side of the radial bearing close to the motor, and is configured to prevent the heat of the motor rotor from being transferred to the bearing.
  • the bearing housing 1 disclosed in the present invention is made of non-magnetic material; the axial bearing 2 is installed in the housing through the first end face 102 of the housing on the housing, and is positioned in the circumferential direction through the housing through hole 107; the radial bearing 3 is installed in the housing through the first cylindrical surface 103 of the housing on the housing, and is positioned in the circumferential direction through the radial bearing positioning hole 106; the radial bearing is arranged close to the motor, and the heat-insulating baffle 4 is installed on the second end face of the housing, located on the side of the radial bearing close to the motor, and is configured to prevent the heat of the motor rotor from being transferred to the bearing.
  • a baffle 4 is further included, an annular groove is provided at one axial end of the bearing housing 1 located at the second space 109, the bottom of the annular groove forms the second end face 105 of the housing, and the baffle 4 is provided on the second end face 105 of the housing.
  • the present disclosure can also play a role of heat insulation through the provision of the baffle, and since the motor is provided on the side of the baffle away from the radial bearing, the baffle can effectively prevent the heat generated by the motor from affecting the normal operation of the magnetic bearing.
  • the axial bearing 2 when the axial bearing 2 includes a rear axial core 204, the rear axial core 204 abuts against the first end face 102 of the shell; when the radial bearing 3 includes a radial ring 302, the radial ring 302 is connected to the first cylindrical surface 103 of the shell; a radial bearing positioning hole 106 is also provided on the bearing shell 1 at a position opposite to the second space, and the radial bearing positioning hole 106 passes through the outer wall of the bearing shell 1 to the inner wall.
  • the present invention can locate the installation position of the radial bearing through the radial bearing positioning hole, and can abut against the first end face of the shell through the rear axial iron core to form axial thrust and support.
  • the radial ring is configured to support the radial stator iron core in the radial direction.
  • the bearing housing 1 is further provided with a housing through hole 107, the housing through hole 107 axially penetrates from the housing first end surface 102 to the housing second end surface 105, and the housing through hole 107 can position the axial bearing;
  • the bearing housing 1 is also provided with a housing outlet hole 101, and the housing outlet hole 101 penetrates from the inner wall to the outer wall of the bearing housing 1;
  • the axial bearing also includes an axial bearing lead-out wire 206, and the radial bearing also includes a radial bearing lead-out wire 306.
  • One end of the axial bearing lead-out wire 206 is connected to the axial winding 203, and the other end is led out from the shell wire outlet hole 101.
  • One end of the radial bearing lead-out wire 306 is connected to the radial winding 304, and the other end passes through the shell through hole 107 and the shell wire outlet hole 101 in sequence and is led out.
  • the present invention also enables effective positioning of the installation of the axial bearing through the shell through-hole opened on the bearing shell, and the lead-out wire of the radial bearing can be led out through the shell through-hole and led out from the shell lead-out hole to the outside of the bearing; the lead-out wire of the axial bearing is directly led out through the shell lead-out hole, effectively completing the internal and external connection of the lead-out wire of the magnetic levitation bearing.
  • FIG5 it is a schematic diagram of the existing magnetic bearing outlet, wherein the housing outlet hole on the housing 101, axial bearing lead wire 206, the axial bearing lead wire is fixed on the front axial core through a wire clamp and is directly led out through the shell lead hole 101 on the shell; the radial bearing lead wire 306 passes through the shell through hole 107 on the shell and is led out through the shell lead hole 101.
  • the present disclosure also provides a magnetic bearing system, which includes the magnetic bearing described in any of the preceding items, and also includes a cooling channel, wherein the cooling channel can cool the axial bearing and the radial bearing.
  • the present disclosure also provides a cooling channel to cool the axial bearing and the radial bearing during operation, thereby ensuring that the system can be applied to high-speed operation conditions.
  • a housing cooling hole 104 is provided on the bearing housing 1 in a manner that passes through the outer wall to the inner wall thereof;
  • the cooling channel includes a first cooling channel and a second cooling channel, the housing cooling hole 104 is opposite to and communicates with the first space, the first cooling channel includes a first axial cooling hole and a second axial cooling hole, the first axial cooling hole axially penetrates the axial bearing stator, and the second axial cooling hole axially penetrates the radial bearing stator;
  • the second cooling channel includes a radial cooling hole, a third axial cooling hole and a fourth axial cooling hole.
  • the radial cooling hole radially penetrates the axial bearing stator (preferably penetrates the rear axial core), the third axial cooling hole axially penetrates the axial bearing rotor, and the fourth axial cooling hole axially penetrates the radial bearing rotor.
  • the first cooling channel is configured to cool the axial bearing stator and the radial bearing stator.
  • the first axial cooling hole is configured to cool the axial bearing stator
  • the second axial cooling hole is configured to cool the radial bearing stator
  • the second cooling channel is configured to cool the axial bearing rotor and the radial bearing rotor.
  • the radial cooling hole is configured to introduce external cooling air to the axial bearing rotor and the radial bearing rotor.
  • the third axial cooling hole can cool the axial bearing rotor
  • the fourth axial cooling hole can cool the radial bearing rotor.
  • the two cooling channels disclosed in the present invention are: the first channel, an axial cooling circuit, cools the bearing stator: the cooling gas passes through the housing-axial bearing-radial bearing-insulating baffle-ambient gas to form a circuit; the second channel, a radial cooling circuit, cools the bearing rotor, and the cooling gas passes through the housing-rear axial iron core-radial bearing rotor-insulating baffle-ambient gas to form a circuit.
  • the axial bearing when the axial bearing includes a front axial core 201, a rear axial core 204, and an axial winding frame 202, the front axial core 201, the rear axial core 204, and the axial winding frame 202 are all axially oppositely provided with the first axial cooling holes; when the radial bearing includes a radial stator core 303 and a radial ring 302, the radial stator core 303 and the radial ring The second axial cooling holes are axially arranged on 302 in opposite directions.
  • first axial cooling holes are axially arranged on the front axial core 201, the rear axial core 204 and the axial winding skeleton 202, so that the cooling gas can pass through the front axial core 201, the rear axial core 204 and the axial winding skeleton in succession to cool them;
  • the second axial cooling holes are axially arranged on the radial stator core 303 and the radial ring 302, so that the cooling gas can pass through the radial stator core 303 and the radial ring 302 in succession to cool them.
  • the radial cooling hole 204-2 is radially opened at a position of the rear axial core 204 opposite to the shell cooling hole 104, and the radial cooling hole 204-2 passes from the radial outer end of the rear axial core 204 to its radial inner end; the third axial cooling hole and the fourth axial cooling hole are axially arranged opposite to each other.
  • the rear axial core 204 is evenly and radially arranged with a number of radial cooling holes 204-2 penetrating therethrough, which are configured to cool the bearing rotor. The number of cooling holes needs to be appropriate. In actual use, a comprehensive evaluation can be performed based on the two indicators of bearing heating and without affecting the performance of the magnetic bearing.
  • FIG6 it is a schematic diagram of the cooling principle of an existing magnetic bearing, wherein the shell cooling holes 104 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the bearing shell 1, and the number thereof can be determined according to the demand, and the shape can be a round hole, a waist hole or other.
  • the radial cooling holes 204-2 of the rear axial core are evenly arranged on the rear axial core, and are arranged correspondingly to the shell cooling holes 104.
  • the front axial core 201, the rear axial core 204, the axial winding skeleton 202, the radial stator core 303, the radial ring 302, and the end face of the heat-insulating baffle 4 are all provided with cooling holes. All cooling holes are coaxially arranged to form an axial cooling channel of the bearing, i.e., the first circuit, which is configured to cool the bearing stator and winding package; a number of radial cooling holes are radially arranged in the rear axial core 204, and the cooling holes are arranged correspondingly to the holes on the housing.
  • the cooling gas flows to the rotor through the holes and flows out through the air gap between the stator and the rotor, forming a radial cooling channel, i.e., the second circuit, which is configured to cool the rotor.
  • a radial cooling channel i.e., the second circuit, which is configured to cool the rotor.
  • the above-mentioned axial and radial cooling channels together constitute the cooling system of the bearing, which can specifically cool the bearing stator and rotor, and have a better cooling effect.
  • the existing rear axial core cooling channel is shown, wherein the rear axial core 204 is radially
  • a number of through cooling holes are evenly arranged to cool the bearing rotor.
  • the cooling hole shape can be circular, waist-shaped or other, and the number of cooling holes can be determined by comprehensive evaluation based on the heating of the bearing and the two indicators of not affecting the performance of the magnetic bearing.
  • the axial displacement sensor detects the offset and feeds back the signal to the axial bearing.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the axial coil is superimposed on the magnetic flux of the magnetic steel on the left, and the magnetic force pulls the rotor back to the left.
  • the rotor can be returned to the equilibrium position by superimposing the control magnetic flux and the bias magnetic flux.

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Abstract

一种磁悬浮轴承，包括：轴承壳体（1）、轴向轴承（2）和径向轴承（3），轴向轴承（2）与径向轴承（3）沿转轴（5）的轴向方向布置，轴向轴承（2）包括轴向轴承转子（501），径向轴承（3）包括径向轴承转子（502），轴向轴承转子（501）设置于转轴（5）的外周且与转轴（5）一体转动，径向轴承转子（502）设置于转轴（5）的外周且与转轴（5）一体转动，轴向轴承转子（501）与径向轴承转子（502）在转轴（5）的轴向上相接，轴向轴承（2）通过轴向轴承转子（501）作用于转轴（5），径向轴承（3）通过径向轴承转子（502）作用于转轴（5），能够减小磁悬浮轴承的径向尺寸，提升转子的固频，使得在大功率、高转速时轴承转子的强度能够有效满足需求，能够适于大功率、超高速的磁悬浮系统，更加适用于高速领域。还涉及一种磁悬浮轴承系统。

Description

一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统
本公开要求于2022年12月07日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211566717.3、发明名称为“一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及磁悬浮轴承技术领域，具体涉及一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统。
背景技术
磁悬浮轴承是一种利用电磁力将轴悬浮的新型轴承，径轴向一体化轴承为小体积轴承设计提供了一种新的设计思路。但是，对于工业上的实际应用，径向、轴向轴承如何布置，才能使得转子具有更优的动力学特性，同时又使得轴承结构简单，装配容易，能够同时兼顾电气、轴承冷却、转子特性等情况的轴承总成方案是一个设计的难点。
原有技术中专利号为CN109707735A的专利公开了一种磁悬浮轴承，见附图1-原有技术图。包括轴向磁轴承定子、转子叠片53和推力盘52、定子叠片14、永磁偏置磁钢12、导磁环11、轴向控制线圈221和径向控制线圈15。永磁偏置磁钢12套设在定子叠片14的外侧；导磁环11套设在永磁偏置磁钢12的外侧；轴向控制线圈221设置在上磁极21和下磁极3之间，被设置为产生轴向控制磁通，以控制磁轴承轴向的运动；径向控制线圈15设置在定子叠片14上，被设置为产生径向控制磁通，以控制磁轴承径向的运动，通过永磁偏置降低了磁轴承的转子涡流损耗。
这种轴承结构形式虽然轴向尺寸较小，但是其径向轴承转子外径较大，当转子工况为大功率、高转速时，轴承转子的强度往往无法满足需求，或者是在满足强度需求时，往往无法满足装配需要。故该种方案结构不适于大功率、超高速的磁悬浮系统。
由于相关技术的磁悬浮轴承存在径向尺寸过大，导致大功率、高转速时轴承转子的强度无法满足需求，不适于大功率、超高速的磁悬浮系统等技术问题， 因此本公开研究设计出一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统。
发明内容
因此，本公开要解决的技术问题在于克服相关技术中的磁悬浮轴承存在径向尺寸过大的缺陷，从而提供一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统。
为了解决上述问题，本公开提供一种磁悬浮轴承，其包括：
轴承壳体、轴向轴承和径向轴承，所述轴向轴承与所述径向轴承沿转轴的轴向方向布置，所述轴向轴承包括轴向轴承转子，所述径向轴承包括径向轴承转子，所述轴向轴承转子设置于所述转轴的外周且与所述转轴一体转动，所述径向轴承转子设置于所述转轴的外周且与所述转轴一体转动，所述轴向轴承转子与所述径向轴承转子在所述转轴的轴向上相接，所述轴向轴承通过所述轴向轴承转子作用于为所述转轴，所述径向轴承通过所述径向轴承转子作用于所述转轴。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴向轴承包括轴向轴承定子，所述径向轴承包括径向轴承定子，所述轴向轴承定子的至少部分结构位于所述轴向轴承转子的外周，所述径向轴承定子的至少部分结构位于所述径向轴承转子的外周，所述磁悬浮轴承还包括磁钢，所述磁钢位于所述轴向轴承定子与所述径向轴承定子之间，所述磁钢能分别为所述轴向轴承和所述径向轴承提供偏置磁路。
在一些实施方式中，沿着所述转轴的轴向所述磁钢的一端与所述轴向轴承定子相接，所述磁钢的另一端与所述径向轴承定子相接，所述磁钢产生的磁路经过所述轴向轴承定子、所述轴向轴承转子、所述径向轴承转子、所述径向轴承定子和所述磁钢形成偏置磁通回路。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯、轴向绕线骨架、轴向绕组和后轴向铁芯，所述前轴向铁芯的径向外端与所述后轴向铁芯的径向外端相接，所述前轴向铁芯的径向内端与所述后轴向铁芯的径向内端围成第一容纳空间，所述轴向绕线骨架设置于所述第一容纳空间中，且所述轴向绕组绕设在所述轴向绕线骨架上，所述轴向绕组产生的轴向控制磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯、所述轴向轴承转子和所述前轴向铁芯形成轴向控制磁回路。
在一些实施方式中，所述后轴向铁芯为圆环盘状结构，所述前轴向铁芯也为环状结构，且所述前轴向铁芯包括第一环状部、第一筒状部和第二环状部，所述第一筒状部为圆筒，所述第一筒状部的轴向一端与所述第一环状部的径向内端相接、所述第一筒状部的轴向另一端与所述第二环状部的径向外端相接， 所述第一环状部的外径大于所述第二环状部的外径，所述第一环状部的内径大于所述第二环状部的内径，通过所述第一筒状部、所述第二环状部和所述后轴向铁芯围成所述第一容纳空间。
在一些实施方式中，所述径向轴承定子包括径向环、径向定子铁芯和径向绕组，所述径向定子铁芯位于所述径向环的内周，且所述径向绕组绕设在所述径向定子铁芯上，所述径向绕组产生的径向控制磁路经过所述径向定子铁芯和所述径向轴承转子形成径向控制磁回路。
在一些实施方式中，所述径向定子铁芯为圆环盘状结构，所述径向环也为环状结构，所述径向环包括第三环状部和第二筒状部，所述第二筒状部为圆筒，所述第二筒状部的轴向一端与所述第三环状部的径向外端相接，通过所述第二筒状部和所述第三环状部围成容纳所述径向定子铁芯的第二容纳空间。
在一些实施方式中，所述磁钢产生的磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯、所述轴向轴承转子、所述径向轴承转子、所述径向定子铁芯、所述径向环和所述磁钢形成第一偏置磁通回路；所述磁钢产生的磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯、所述前轴向铁芯、所述轴向轴承转子、所述径向轴承转子、所述径向定子铁芯、所述径向环和所述磁钢形成第二偏置磁通回路。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴承壳体为筒状结构，其内部包括容纳设置所述轴向轴承的第一空间和容纳设置所述径向轴承的第二空间，所述第一空间的内壁的内径大于所述第二空间的内壁的内径，所述第一空间与所述第二空间相接处形成台阶结构，所述台阶结构包括壳体第一端面，所述轴向轴承抵接在所述壳体第一端面上，所述第二空间的内壁形成为壳体第一柱面。
在一些实施方式中，还包括挡板，所述轴承壳体的位于所述第二空间处的轴向一端设置有环形沉槽，所述环形沉槽的槽底形成壳体第二端面，所述挡板设置于所述壳体第二端面上。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴向轴承包括后轴向铁芯时，所述后轴向铁芯与所述壳体第一端面抵接，当所述径向轴承包括径向环时，所述径向环与所述壳体第一柱面相接；所述轴承壳体上与所述第二空间相对的位置还设置有径向轴承定位孔，所述径向轴承定位孔从所述轴承壳体的外壁贯穿至内壁。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴承壳体上还设置有壳体过孔，所述壳体过孔从所述壳体第一端面沿轴向贯穿至所述壳体第二端面，所述壳体过孔能对所述轴向轴承进行定位；
所述轴承壳体上还设置有壳体出线孔，所述壳体出线孔从所述轴承壳体的 内壁贯穿至外壁；
所述轴向轴承还包括轴向轴承引出线，所述径向轴承还包括径向轴承引出线，所述轴向轴承引出线一端与所述轴向绕组连接、另一端从所述壳体出线孔引出，所述径向轴承引出线的一端与所述径向绕组连接、另一端依次穿过所述壳体过孔和所述壳体出线孔并引出。
本公开还提供一种磁悬浮轴承系统，其包括前任一项所述的磁悬浮轴承，还包括冷却通道，所述冷却通道能够对所述轴向轴承和所述径向轴承进行冷却。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴承壳体为筒状结构，其内部包括容纳设置所述轴向轴承的第一空间和容纳设置所述径向轴承的第二空间时：所述轴承壳体上贯穿其外壁至内壁的方式开设有壳体冷却孔；
当所述轴向轴承包括轴向轴承定子，所述径向轴承包括径向轴承定子时：
所述冷却通道包括第一冷却通道和第二冷却通道，所述壳体冷却孔与所述第一空间相对且连通，所述第一冷却通道包括第一轴向冷却孔和第二轴向冷却孔，所述第一轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述轴向轴承定子，所述第二轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述径向轴承定子；
所述第二冷却通道包括径向冷却孔、第三轴向冷却孔和第四轴向冷却孔，所述径向冷却孔沿径向贯穿所述轴向轴承定子，所述第三轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述轴向轴承转子，第四轴向冷却孔轴向贯穿所述径向轴承转子。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯、轴向绕线骨架、轴向绕组和后轴向铁芯时，所述轴向铁芯、所述后轴向铁芯和所述轴向绕线骨架上均轴向相对地设置有所述第一轴向冷却孔，当所述径向轴承包括径向定子铁芯和径向环时，所述径向定子铁芯和所述径向环上均轴向相对地设置有所述第二轴向冷却孔。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯、轴向绕线骨架、轴向绕组和后轴向铁芯时，所述后轴向铁芯与所述壳体冷却孔相对的位置沿径向开设所述径向冷却孔，所述径向冷却孔从所述后轴向铁芯的径向外端贯穿至其径向内端；所述第三轴向冷却孔与所述第四轴向冷却孔沿轴向相对地设置。
本公开提供的一种磁悬浮轴承和磁悬浮轴承系统具有如下有益效果：
1.本公开通过将轴向轴承设置为包括轴向轴承转子，径向轴承设置为包括径向轴承转子，轴向轴承转子与径向轴承转子位于转轴的外周且在轴向上相接，使得轴向轴承通过轴向轴承转子作用于转轴，径向轴承通过径向轴承转子作用于转轴，相对于相关技术中的轴向轴承和径向轴承均共用转子而言，使得轴向 轴承和径向轴承沿轴向上排布，分别通过各自的转子作被设置为轴承，因此能够有效减小由于共用转子而导致的轴向轴承定子和径向轴承的定子在径向方向上的结构的叠加，从而有效地减小磁悬浮轴承的径向尺寸，提升转子的固频，使得在大功率、高转速时轴承转子的强度能够有效满足需求，能够适于大功率、超高速的磁悬浮系统，更加适用于高速领域；
2.本公开还通过轴向轴承定子与径向轴承定子之间设置磁钢，能够通过磁钢同时且分别为轴向轴承和径向轴承提供偏置磁路，使得轴向轴承和径向轴承共用磁钢结构，形成混合式的三自由度轴承结构，发热小，损耗低，相对于相关技术中采用径向轴承和轴向轴承分开设置的方案而言，能够有效缩短轴向方向的尺寸，通过轴承的合理布置，满足轴承装配的需要，转子有更高的模态频率，能够进一步适用于超高速磁悬浮领域；本公开结构简单，制作成本低廉，适合推广并广泛的应用磁轴承支撑的各类旋转机械上；可实施性强，装配简单，可以广泛用于超高速磁悬浮领域，对于超高速磁轴承工业化应用也具有积极的参考价值。
附图说明
图1是相关技术中的磁悬浮轴承的总体剖视图；
图2是本公开的磁悬浮轴承系统的纵剖图；
图2a是图2的左视图；
图3是本公开的磁悬浮轴承的爆炸结构图；
图3a是图3的磁悬浮轴承的整机装配结构图；
图4是本公开的磁悬浮轴承的磁路原理结构图；
图4a是图4的A部分的局部放大图；
图5是本公开的磁悬浮轴承的出现结构示意图；
图6是本公开的磁悬浮轴承的冷却结构部分纵剖图及原理图；
图6a是图6中的轴承壳体的纵剖图；
图6b是图6a的轴承壳体的立体结构图；
图7是本公开的磁悬浮轴承系统的后轴向铁芯处的冷却流道图；
图7a是图7的A-A剖视图。
附图标记表示为：
图1：1、永磁体；2、转子铁芯；3、轴向控制绕组；5、轴向铁芯。
图2-图7a：1、轴承壳体；101、壳体出线孔；102、壳体第一端面；103、壳体第一柱面；104、壳体冷却孔；105、壳体第二端面；106、径向轴承定位孔；107、壳体过孔；108、第一空间；109、第二空间；2、轴向轴承；201、前轴向铁芯；2011、第一环状部；2012、第一筒状部；2013、第二环状部；201-1、轴向轴承冷却孔；202、轴向绕线骨架；203、轴向绕组；204、后轴向铁芯；204-1、轴向轴承第一端面；204-2、径向冷却孔；206、轴向轴承引出线；501、轴向轴承转子；3、径向轴承；301、磁钢；302、径向环；3021、第三环状部；3022、第二筒状部；302-1、径向轴承第一端面；302-2、径向轴承定位孔；303、径向定子铁芯；304、径向绕组；306、径向轴承引出线；502、径向轴承转子；4、挡板；23、偏置磁路；205、轴向控制磁路；305、径向控制磁路；306、径向轴承引出线；5、转轴；6、冷却气体第一回路；7、冷却气体第二回路；8、转子热风；9、冷却气体出口。
具体实施方式
如图2-7a所示，本公开提供了一种磁悬浮轴承(优选为三自由度磁悬浮轴承结构总成，主要应用于磁悬浮电机产品中)，其包括：
轴承壳体1、轴向轴承2和径向轴承3，所述轴向轴承2与所述径向轴承3沿转轴5的轴向方向布置，所述轴向轴承2包括轴向轴承转子501，所述径向轴承3包括径向轴承转子502，所述轴向轴承转子501设置于所述转轴5的外周且与所述转轴5一体转动，所述径向轴承转子502设置于所述转轴5的外周且与所述转轴5一体转动，所述轴向轴承转子501与所述径向轴承转子502在所述转轴5的轴向上相接，所述轴向轴承2通过所述轴向轴承转子501作用于所述转轴5，所述径向轴承3通过所述径向轴承转子502作用于所述转轴5。
本公开通过将轴向轴承设置为包括轴向轴承转子，径向轴承设置为包括径向轴承转子，轴向轴承转子与径向轴承转子位于转轴的外周且在轴向上相接，使得轴向轴承通过轴向轴承转子作用于转轴，径向轴承通过径向轴承转子作用于转轴，相对于相关技术中的轴向轴承和径向轴承均共用转子而言，使得轴向轴承和径向轴承沿轴向上排布，分别通过各自的转子作用于轴承，因此能够有效减小由于共用转子而导致的轴向轴承定子和径向轴承的定子在径向方向上的结构的叠加，从而有效地减小磁悬浮轴承的径向尺寸，提升转子的固频，使得在大功率、高转速时轴承转子的强度能够有效满足需求，能够适于大功率、 超高速的磁悬浮系统，更加适用于高速领域。
本公开提出一种三自由度磁悬浮轴承总装结构，通过径轴向轴承结构上的组合，缩短轴承的径向以及轴向尺寸，通过轴承的合理布置，满足轴承装配的需要，通过冷却流道的设计，提高磁轴承的冷却效率。为磁悬浮轴承的工业化应用提供了一种切实可行的设计思路。
有益效果如下：
1.本公开的磁轴承采用三自由度轴承结构，能够缩短转子的径向以及轴向上长度，相较于背景技术径向尺寸更小，相较于普通的径轴向分开的磁轴承轴向尺寸更短，有效提升转子的固频，解决转子高速下转子的固频不足的问题，转子有更高的模态频率更加适合于高速领域；
2.本公开采用混合式三自由度轴承结构，发热小，损耗低；
3.本公开结构简单，制作成本低廉，适合推广并广泛的应用磁轴承支撑的各类旋转机械上；
4.本公开可实施性强，装配简单，可以广泛用于超高速磁悬浮领域，对于超高速磁轴承工业化应用也具有积极的参考价值。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴向轴承2包括轴向轴承定子，所述径向轴承3包括径向轴承定子，所述轴向轴承定子的至少部分结构位于所述轴向轴承转子501的外周，所述径向轴承定子的至少部分结构位于所述径向轴承转子502的外周，所述磁悬浮轴承还包括磁钢301，所述磁钢301位于所述轴向轴承定子与所述径向轴承定子之间，所述磁钢301能分别为所述轴向轴承和所述径向轴承提供偏置磁路。
本公开还通过轴向轴承定子与径向轴承定子之间设置磁钢，能够通过磁钢同时且分别为轴向轴承和径向轴承提供偏置磁路，使得轴向轴承和径向轴承共用磁钢结构，形成混合式的三自由度轴承结构，发热小，损耗低，相对于相关技术中采用径向轴承和轴向轴承分开设置的方案而言，能够有效缩短轴向方向的尺寸，通过轴承的合理布置，满足轴承装配的需要，转子有更高的模态频率，能够进一步适用于超高速磁悬浮领域；本公开结构简单，制作成本低廉，适合推广并广泛的应用磁轴承支撑的各类旋转机械上；可实施性强，装配简单，可以广泛用于超高速磁悬浮领域，对于超高速磁轴承工业化应用也具有积极的参考价值。
在一些实施方式中，沿着所述转轴5的轴向所述磁钢301的一端与所述轴向轴承定子相接，所述磁钢301的另一端与所述径向轴承定子相接，所述磁钢 301产生的磁路经过所述轴向轴承定子、所述轴向轴承转子501、所述径向轴承转子502、所述径向轴承定子和所述磁钢301形成偏置磁通回路。这是本公开的磁钢的进一步优选结构形式，即磁钢轴向一端与轴向轴承定子相接、轴向另一端与径向轴承定子相接，使得磁钢产生的偏置磁路能够分别经过轴向定子和径向轴承定子，并通过轴向轴承转子和径向轴承转子形成偏置磁通回路，进而完成同时对轴向轴承和径向轴承提供偏置磁路的效果。
磁钢301提供的偏置磁路23，为通过磁钢-前/后轴向铁芯-轴向气隙-转子-径向定子-磁钢形成的闭合回路，为径向、轴向共同提供偏置；轴向控制磁路205，为通过前轴向铁芯-气隙-转子-后轴向铁芯形成的闭合回路，回路所在平面与转子轴线平行；径向控制磁路305，为通过径向定子-径向气隙-转子-径向气隙-径向定子形成的径向控制回路磁路；回路所在平面与轴线垂直。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯201、轴向绕线骨架202、轴向绕组203和后轴向铁芯204，所述前轴向铁芯201的径向外端与所述后轴向铁芯204的径向外端相接，所述前轴向铁芯201的径向内端与所述后轴向铁芯204的径向内端围成第一容纳空间，所述轴向绕线骨架202设置于所述第一容纳空间中，且所述轴向绕组203绕设在所述轴向绕线骨架202上，所述轴向绕组203在径向上与所述轴向轴承转子501相对(可以正对也可以稍微倾斜或是不正对，只要是能够提供轴向控制磁路以经过轴向轴承转子即可)，所述轴向绕组203产生的轴向控制磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯204、所述轴向轴承转子501和所述前轴向铁芯201形成轴向控制磁回路。
这是本公开的轴向轴承定子的优选结构形式，即包括前轴向铁芯201、轴向绕线骨架202、轴向绕组203和后轴向铁芯204，通过前轴向铁芯与后轴向铁芯能够围成设置轴向绕线骨架的第一容纳空间，轴向绕组绕设在轴向绕线骨架上，从而通过轴向绕组在后轴向铁芯、轴向轴承转子和前轴向铁芯上围成轴向控制磁回路，形成轴向的控制磁路，从而形成对转轴轴向方向的偏移或移动的控制。
在一些实施方式中，所述后轴向铁芯204为圆环盘状结构，所述前轴向铁芯201也为环状结构，且所述前轴向铁芯201包括第一环状部2011、第一筒状部2012和第二环状部2013，所述第一筒状部2012为圆筒，所述第一筒状部2012的轴向一端与所述第一环状部2011的径向内端相接、所述第一筒状部2012的轴向另一端与所述第二环状部2013的径向外端相接，所述第一环状部2011的外径大于所述第二环状部2013的外径，所述第一环状部2011的内径大 于所述第二环状部2013的内径，通过所述第一筒状部2012、所述第二环状部2013和所述后轴向铁芯204围成所述第一容纳空间。
这是本公开的前、后轴向铁芯的进一步优选结构形式，即后轴向铁芯为圆环盘状结构，前轴向铁芯包括第一和第二环状部和第一筒状部，从而通过第一筒状部、第二环状部和后轴向铁芯围成容纳轴向绕线骨架设置的第一容纳空间。
本公开的前轴向铁芯201内部设置有轴向骨架安装槽，通过安装槽将轴向绕线骨架202固定在前轴向铁芯201上，在轴向绕线骨架202内部绕设有轴向绕组203，通过轴向绕组203为轴向提供控制磁通；在后轴向铁芯204的轴向轴承第一端面204-1上设置有磁钢固定架，磁钢固定架通过螺钉安装在轴向轴承第一端面204-1上，磁钢301安装于后轴向铁芯上；径向定子铁芯303为4磁极结构，每个磁极上绕设有一个径向绕组304，相对的两个控制绕组串联，为径向提供控制磁通；径向定子铁芯303套设于径向环302内部，径向环302套设在轴承壳体的壳体第一柱面103内，磁钢301位于径向环302与后轴向铁芯204之间，一侧与后轴向铁芯204的第一端面相贴，另一侧与径向环302的第一端面相贴。
在一些实施方式中，所述径向轴承定子包括径向环302、径向定子铁芯303和径向绕组304，所述径向定子铁芯303位于所述径向环302的内周，且所述径向绕组304绕设在所述径向定子铁芯303上，所述径向绕组304在径向上与所述径向轴承转子502相对(可以正对也可以稍微倾斜或是不正对，只要是能够提供径向控制磁路以经过径向轴承转子即可)，所述径向绕组304产生的径向控制磁路经过所述径向定子铁芯303和所述径向轴承转子502形成径向控制磁回路。
这是本公开的径向轴承定子的优选结构形式，即包括径向定子铁芯303、径向环302，通过径向环能够围成设置径向定子铁芯的第二容纳空间，径向绕组绕设在径向定子铁芯上，从而通过径向绕组在径向定子铁芯、径向环和径向轴承转子上围成轴径向控制磁回路，形成径向的控制磁路，从而形成对转轴径向方向的偏移或移动的控制。
在一些实施方式中，所述径向定子铁芯303为圆环盘状结构，所述径向环302也为环状结构，所述径向环302包括第三环状部3021和第二筒状部3022，所述第二筒状部3022为圆筒，所述第二筒状部3022的轴向一端与所述第三环状部3021的径向外端相接，通过所述第二筒状部3022和所述第三环状部3021围成容纳所述径向定子铁芯303的第二容纳空间。这是本公开的径向定子铁芯 和径向环的进一步优选结构形式，即径向定子铁芯为圆环盘状结构，径向环包括第三环状部和第二筒状部，从而通过第二筒状部、第三环状部围成容纳径向定子铁芯设置的第二容纳空间。
在一些实施方式中，所述磁钢301产生的磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯204、所述轴向轴承转子501、所述径向轴承转子502、所述径向定子铁芯303、所述径向环302和所述磁钢301形成第一偏置磁通回路；所述磁钢301产生的磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯204、所述前轴向铁芯201、所述轴向轴承转子501、所述径向轴承转子502、所述径向定子铁芯303、所述径向环302和所述磁钢301形成第二偏置磁通回路。
本公开通过前、后轴向铁芯的设置，能够使得一部分偏置磁路仅通过后轴向铁芯而形成循环磁路，一部分偏置磁路还通过前轴向铁芯和后轴向铁芯形成循环磁路，从而增强对轴向轴承转子的驱动磁通量，提高轴向驱动能力。
如图4所示，为该轴承的磁路原理图，由磁钢301提供的偏置磁路23，为磁钢采用轴向充磁方式，N极朝向后轴向铁芯，磁路通过磁钢-前/后轴向铁芯-轴向气隙-转子-径向定子-磁钢形成的闭合回路，为径向、轴向共同提供偏置；轴向控制磁路205，为通过前轴向铁芯-气隙-转子-后轴向铁芯形成的闭合回路，回路所在平面与转子轴线平行；径向控制磁路305，为通过径向定子-径向气隙-转子-径向气隙-径向定子形成的径向控制回路磁路；回路所在平面与轴线垂直。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴承壳体1为筒状结构，其内部包括容纳设置所述轴向轴承2的第一空间108和容纳设置所述径向轴承3的第二空间109，所述第一空间108的内壁的内径大于所述第二空间109的内壁的内径，所述第一空间108与所述第二空间109相接处形成台阶结构，所述台阶结构包括壳体第一端面102，所述轴向轴承2抵接在所述壳体第一端面102上，所述第二空间的内壁形成为壳体第一柱面103。
这是本公开的轴承壳体的优选结构形式，即通过第一空间和第二空间能够分别容置轴向轴承和径向轴承于其中，并二者相接处形成台阶结构的壳体第一端面，被设置为与轴向轴承进行抵接，从而通过其对轴向轴承提供轴向止推力，进而作用于转轴上提供轴向止推力；第二空间内壁形成为与径向轴承相接的壳体第一柱面。轴向轴承2通过壳体上的壳体第一端面102安装于壳体中，径向轴承3通过壳体上的壳体第一柱面103安装于壳体中，径向轴承靠近电机布置，隔热挡板4安装于壳体上，位于径向轴承靠近电机的一侧，被设置为阻挡电机转子的热传递到轴承。
本公开的轴承壳体1为非导磁材料，轴向轴承2通过壳体上的壳体第一端面102安装于壳体中，圆周方向上通过壳体过孔107定位；径向轴承3通过壳体上的壳体第一柱面103安装于壳体中，圆周方向通过径向轴承定位孔106进行定位；径向轴承靠近电机布置，隔热的挡板4安装于壳体的第二端面上，位于径向轴承靠近电机的一侧，被设置为阻挡电机转子的热传递到轴承。
在一些实施方式中，还包括挡板4，所述轴承壳体1的位于所述第二空间109处的轴向一端设置有环形沉槽，所述环形沉槽的槽底形成壳体第二端面105，所述挡板4设置于所述壳体第二端面105上。本公开还通过挡板的设置能够起到隔热的作用，由于电机设置于挡板远离径向轴承的一侧，通过该挡板能够有效避免电机产生的热量影响到磁悬浮轴承的正常运行。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴向轴承2包括后轴向铁芯204时，所述后轴向铁芯204与所述壳体第一端面102抵接，当所述径向轴承3包括径向环302时，所述径向环302与所述壳体第一柱面103相接；所述轴承壳体1上与所述第二空间相对的位置还设置有径向轴承定位孔106，所述径向轴承定位孔106从所述轴承壳体1的外壁贯穿至内壁。
本公开通过径向轴承定位孔能够对径向轴承的安装位置进行定位，通过后轴向铁芯，能够与壳体第一端面抵接而形成轴向止推和支撑，径向环被设置为在径向上对径向定子铁芯进行支撑。
在一些实施方式中，所述轴承壳体1上还设置有壳体过孔107，所述壳体过孔107从所述壳体第一端面102沿轴向贯穿至所述壳体第二端面105，所述壳体过孔107能对所述轴向轴承进行定位；
所述轴承壳体1上还设置有壳体出线孔101，所述壳体出线孔101从所述轴承壳体1的内壁贯穿至外壁；
所述轴向轴承还包括轴向轴承引出线206，所述径向轴承还包括径向轴承引出线306，所述轴向轴承引出线206一端与所述轴向绕组203连接、另一端从所述壳体出线孔101引出，所述径向轴承引出线306的一端与所述径向绕组304连接、另一端依次穿过所述壳体过孔107和所述壳体出线孔101并引出。
本公开还通过轴承壳体上开设的壳体过孔，能够对轴向轴承的安装进行有效的定位，并且通过该壳体过孔还能将径向轴承的引出线引出，并从壳体出线孔引出至轴承外部；而轴向轴承的引出线则直接通过壳体出线孔引出，有效完成了磁悬浮轴承的引线的内外连接。
如图5所示，为现有磁悬浮轴承出线示意图，其中，壳体上的壳体出线孔 101，轴向轴承引出线206，轴向轴承引出线通过固线夹固定在前轴向铁芯上，经壳体上的壳体出线孔101直接引出；径向轴承引出线306，穿过壳体上的壳体过孔107，经壳体出线孔101引出。
本公开还提供一种磁悬浮轴承系统，其包括前任一项所述的磁悬浮轴承，还包括冷却通道，所述冷却通道能够对所述轴向轴承和所述径向轴承进行冷却。本公开还通过设置冷却通道能够对运行过程中的轴向轴承和径向轴承起到分别冷却的作用，保证能够适用于高速运行的工况。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴承壳体1为筒状结构，其内部包括容纳设置所述轴向轴承2的第一空间和容纳设置所述径向轴承3的第二空间时：所述轴承壳体1上贯穿其外壁至内壁的方式开设有壳体冷却孔104；
所述冷却通道包括第一冷却通道和第二冷却通道，所述壳体冷却孔104与所述第一空间相对且连通，所述第一冷却通道包括第一轴向冷却孔和第二轴向冷却孔，所述第一轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述轴向轴承定子，所述第二轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述径向轴承定子；
所述第二冷却通道包括径向冷却孔、第三轴向冷却孔和第四轴向冷却孔，所述径向冷却孔沿径向贯穿所述轴向轴承定子(优选贯穿后轴向铁芯)，所述第三轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述轴向轴承转子，第四轴向冷却孔轴向贯穿所述径向轴承转子。
这是本公开的冷却通道的优选结构形式，第一冷却通道被设置为冷却轴向轴承定子和径向轴承定子，在一些实施方式中，第一轴向冷却孔被设置为冷却轴向轴承定子，第二轴向冷却孔被设置为冷却径向轴承定子，第二冷却通道被设置为冷却轴向轴承转子和径向轴承转子，具体地径向冷却孔被设置为引入外部冷却空气到达轴向轴承转子和径向轴承转子处，第三轴向冷却孔能够冷却轴向轴承转子，第四轴向冷却孔能够冷却径向轴承转子。
本公开的两路冷却通道分别为：第一路，轴向冷却回路，冷却轴承定子：冷却气体经过壳体-轴向轴承-径向轴承-隔热挡板-环境气体形成回路，第二路，径向冷却回路，冷却轴承转子，冷却气体经过壳体-后轴向铁芯-径向轴承转子-隔热挡板-环境气体形成回路。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴向轴承包括前轴向铁芯201、后轴向铁芯204和轴向绕线骨架202时，所述前轴向铁芯201、所述后轴向铁芯204和所述轴向绕线骨架202上均轴向相对地设置有所述第一轴向冷却孔，当所述径向轴承包括径向定子铁芯303和径向环302时，所述径向定子铁芯303和所述径向环 302上均轴向相对地设置有所述第二轴向冷却孔。
这是本公开的第一轴向冷却孔和第二轴向冷却孔的进一步优选结构形式，即前轴向铁芯201、所述后轴向铁芯204和所述轴向绕线骨架202上均轴向相对地设置有所述第一轴向冷却孔，使得冷却气体能够陆续通过前轴向铁芯201、所述后轴向铁芯204和所述轴向绕线骨架而对其进行冷却；径向定子铁芯303和所述径向环302上均轴向相对地设置有所述第二轴向冷却孔，使得冷却气体能够陆续通过径向定子铁芯303和所述径向环302而对其进行冷却。
在一些实施方式中，当所述轴向轴承包括后轴向铁芯204时，所述后轴向铁芯204与所述壳体冷却孔104相对的位置沿径向开设有所述径向冷却孔204-2，所述径向冷却孔204-2从所述后轴向铁芯204的径向外端贯穿至其径向内端；所述第三轴向冷却孔与所述第四轴向冷却孔沿轴向相对地设置。
这是本公开的径向冷却孔的优选结构形式，即开设于后轴向铁芯的内部且沿径向贯穿外端至内端(径向冷却孔在轴向上是与外界密封的)，能够有效地从壳体冷却孔处沿径向引入冷却气体以对轴向轴承转子和径向轴承转子进行冷却；第三轴向冷却孔与第四轴向冷却孔轴向相对设置，能够保证气体的流通性，提高对轴向和径向转子的冷却效果。后轴向铁芯204径向均匀布置若干贯穿的径向冷却孔204-2，被设置为对轴承转子进行冷却。冷却孔的数量需适量，实际使用中，可根据轴承发热情况以及在不影响磁轴承性能两个指标进行综合评估。
如图6所示，为现有磁悬浮轴承冷却原理图，其中，壳体冷却孔104，布置于轴承壳体1的圆周方向上，其数量可根据需求确定，形状可为圆孔、腰孔或者其他。后轴向铁芯的径向冷却孔204-2，均匀布置于后轴向铁芯上，与壳体冷却孔104对应布置。转轴5，冷却气体第一回路6，冷却气体第二回路7，流经转子的冷却气体(即转子热风8)，冷却气体出口9。前轴向铁芯201、后轴向铁芯204、轴向绕线骨架202、径向定子铁芯303、径向环302、隔热的挡板4端面上均设置有冷却孔，所有冷却孔同轴布置，形成轴承的轴向冷却流道，即第一回路，被设置为冷却轴承定子及线包；在后轴向铁芯204径向布置有若干的径向冷却孔，冷却孔与壳体上的孔对应布置，冷却气体经该孔流向转子，并经过定转子气隙流出，形成径向冷却流道，即第二回路，被设置为冷却转子。上述轴向、径向冷却流道共同构成轴承的冷却系统，能够对轴承定转子进行专门冷却，冷却效果更好。
如图7所示，为现有后轴向铁芯冷却流道，其中，后轴向铁芯204径向均 匀布置若干贯穿冷却孔，被设置为对轴承转子进行冷却。冷却孔形状可为圆形、腰型或者其他，冷却孔的数量可根据轴承发热情况以及在不影响磁轴承性能两个指标进行综合评估确定。
工作原理：径向定子铁心上绕有4个控制绕组，相对两个线圈串联，形成磁回路，提供径向控制电流；当转子受到一个向下的扰动力偏离平衡位置时，位移传感器检测出转子偏离其参考位置的位移量，控制器将这一位移信号变化成控制信号，给控制线圈通入电流，产生的磁通与磁钢的磁通叠加或者减弱，作用于转子的磁力使转子恢复到平衡位置。在轴向方向上，轴向线圈提供轴向控制电流，当转子受到一个向右的扰动力，向右偏移时，轴向位移传感器检测到偏移量，将信号反馈给轴向轴承，轴向线圈产生的磁通与磁钢的磁通在左侧叠加，磁力将转子拉回到左边；同理，无论是转子受到向上、向左或向右的干扰力，均可通过控制磁通与偏置磁通的叠加，使得转子回到平衡位置。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。以上所述仅是本公开的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种磁悬浮轴承，包括：
    轴承壳体(1)、轴向轴承(2)和径向轴承(3)，所述轴向轴承(2)与所述径向轴承(3)沿转轴(5)的轴向方向布置，所述轴向轴承(2)包括轴向轴承转子(501)，所述径向轴承(3)包括径向轴承转子(502)，所述轴向轴承转子(501)设置于所述转轴(5)的外周且与所述转轴(5)一体转动，所述径向轴承转子(502)设置于所述转轴(5)的外周且与所述转轴(5)一体转动，所述轴向轴承转子(501)与所述径向轴承转子(502)在所述转轴(5)的轴向上相接，所述轴向轴承(2)通过所述轴向轴承转子(501)作用于所述转轴(5)，所述径向轴承(3)通过所述径向轴承转子(502)作用于所述转轴(5)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述轴向轴承(2)包括轴向轴承定子，所述径向轴承(3)包括径向轴承定子，所述轴向轴承定子的至少部分结构位于所述轴向轴承转子(501)的外周，所述径向轴承定子的至少部分结构位于所述径向轴承转子(502)的外周，所述磁悬浮轴承还包括磁钢(301)，所述磁钢(301)位于所述轴向轴承定子与所述径向轴承定子之间，所述磁钢(301)能分别为所述轴向轴承和所述径向轴承提供偏置磁路。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    沿着所述转轴(5)的轴向所述磁钢(301)的一端与所述轴向轴承定子相接，所述磁钢(301)的另一端与所述径向轴承定子相接，所述磁钢(301)产生的磁路经过所述轴向轴承定子、所述轴向轴承转子(501)、所述径向轴承转子(502)、所述径向轴承定子和所述磁钢(301)形成偏置磁通回路。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯(201)、轴向绕线骨架(202)、轴向绕组(203)和后轴向铁芯(204)，所述前轴向铁芯(201)的径向外端与所述后轴向铁芯(204)的径向外端相接，所述前轴向铁芯(201)的径向内端与所述后轴向铁芯(204)的径向内端围成第一容纳空间，所述轴向绕线骨架(202)设置于所述第一容纳空间中，且所述轴向绕组(203)绕设在所述轴向绕线骨架(202)上，所述轴向绕组(203)产生的轴向控制磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯(204)、所述轴向轴承转子(501)和所述前轴向铁芯(201)形成轴向控制磁回路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述后轴向铁芯(204)为圆环盘状结构，所述前轴向铁芯(201)也为环状结构，且所述前轴向铁芯(201)包括第一环状部(2011)、第一筒状部(2012)和第二环状部(2013)，所述第一筒状部(2012)为圆筒，所述第一筒状部(2012)的轴向一端与所述第一环状部(2011)的径向内端相接、所述第一筒状部(2012)的轴向另一端与所述第二环状部(2013)的径向外端相接，所述第一环状部(2011)的外径大于所述第二环状部(2013)的外径，所述第一环状部(2011)的内径大于所述第二环状部(2013)的内径，通过所述第一筒状部(2012)、所述第二环状部(2013)和所述后轴向铁芯(204)围成所述第一容纳空间。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述径向轴承定子包括径向环(302)、径向定子铁芯(303)和径向绕组(304)，所述径向定子铁芯(303)位于所述径向环(302)的内周，且所述径向绕组(304)绕设在所述径向定子铁芯(303)上，所述径向绕组(304)产生的径向控制磁路经过所述径向定子铁芯(303)和所述径向轴承转子(502)形成径向控制磁回路。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述径向定子铁芯(303)为圆环盘状结构，所述径向环(302)也为环状结构，所述径向环(302)包括第三环状部(3021)和第二筒状部(3022)，所述第二筒状部(3022)为圆筒，所述第二筒状部(3022)的轴向一端与所述第三环状部(3021)的径向外端相接，通过所述第二筒状部(3022)和所述第三环状部(3021)围成容纳所述径向定子铁芯(303)的第二容纳空间。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述磁钢(301)产生的磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯(204)、所述轴向轴承转子(501)、所述径向轴承转子(502)、所述径向定子铁芯(303)、所述径向环(302)和所述磁钢(301)形成第一偏置磁通回路；所述磁钢(301)产生的磁路经过所述后轴向铁芯(204)、所述前轴向铁芯(201)、所述轴向轴承转子(501)、所述径向轴承转子(502)、所述径向定子铁芯(303)、所述径向环(302)和所述磁钢(301)形成第二偏置磁通回路。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述轴承壳体(1)为筒状结构，其内部包括容纳设置所述轴向轴承(2)的第一空间(108)和容纳设置所述径向轴承(3)的第二空间(109)，所述第一空间(108)的内壁的内径大于所述第二空间(109)的内壁的内径，所述 第一空间(108)与所述第二空间(109)相接处形成台阶结构，所述台阶结构包括壳体第一端面(102)，所述轴向轴承(2)抵接在所述壳体第一端面(102)上，所述第二空间的内壁形成为壳体第一柱面(103)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    还包括挡板(4)，所述轴承壳体(1)的位于所述第二空间(109)处的轴向一端设置有环形沉槽，所述环形沉槽的槽底形成壳体第二端面(105)，所述挡板(4)设置于所述壳体第二端面(105)上。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    当所述轴向轴承(2)包括后轴向铁芯(204)时，所述后轴向铁芯(204)与所述壳体第一端面(102)抵接，当所述径向轴承(3)包括径向环(302)时，所述径向环(302)与所述壳体第一柱面(103)相接；所述轴承壳体(1)上与所述第二空间相对的位置还设置有径向轴承定位孔(106)，所述径向轴承定位孔(106)从所述轴承壳体(1)的外壁贯穿至内壁。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的磁悬浮轴承，其中：
    所述轴承壳体(1)上还设置有壳体过孔(107)，所述壳体过孔(107)从所述壳体第一端面(102)沿轴向贯穿至所述壳体第二端面(105)，所述壳体过孔(107)能对所述轴向轴承进行定位；
    所述轴承壳体(1)上还设置有壳体出线孔(101)，所述壳体出线孔(101)从所述轴承壳体(1)的内壁贯穿至外壁；
    所述轴向轴承还包括轴向轴承引出线(206)，所述径向轴承还包括径向轴承引出线(306)，所述轴向轴承引出线(206)一端与所述轴向绕组(203)连接、另一端从所述壳体出线孔(101)引出，所述径向轴承引出线(306)的一端与所述径向绕组(304)连接、另一端依次穿过所述壳体过孔(107)和所述壳体出线孔(101)并引出。
  13. 一种磁悬浮轴承系统，包括权利要求1-12中任一项所述的磁悬浮轴承，还包括冷却通道，所述冷却通道能够对所述轴向轴承和所述径向轴承进行冷却。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的磁悬浮轴承系统，其中：
    当所述轴承壳体(1)为筒状结构，其内部包括容纳设置所述轴向轴承(2)的第一空间和容纳设置所述径向轴承(3)的第二空间时：所述轴承壳体(1)上贯穿其外壁至内壁的方式开设有壳体冷却孔(104)；
    且当所述轴向轴承(2)包括轴向轴承定子，所述径向轴承(3)包括径向轴承定子时：
    所述冷却通道包括第一冷却通道和第二冷却通道，所述壳体冷却孔(104)与所述第一空间相对且连通，所述第一冷却通道包括第一轴向冷却孔和第二轴向冷却孔，所述第一轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述轴向轴承定子，所述第二轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述径向轴承定子；
    所述第二冷却通道包括径向冷却孔(204-2)、第三轴向冷却孔和第四轴向冷却孔，所述径向冷却孔(204-2)沿径向贯穿所述轴向轴承定子，所述第三轴向冷却孔沿轴向贯穿所述轴向轴承转子，第四轴向冷却孔轴向贯穿所述径向轴承转子。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的磁悬浮轴承系统，其中：
    当所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯(201)、轴向绕线骨架(202)、轴向绕组(203)和后轴向铁芯(204)时，所述前轴向铁芯(201)、所述后轴向铁芯(204)和所述轴向绕线骨架(202)上均轴向相对地设置有所述第一轴向冷却孔，当所述径向轴承包括径向定子铁芯(303)和径向环(302)时，所述径向定子铁芯(303)和所述径向环(302)上均轴向相对地设置有所述第二轴向冷却孔。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的磁悬浮轴承系统，其中：
    当所述轴向轴承定子包括前轴向铁芯(201)、轴向绕线骨架(202)、轴向绕组(203)和后轴向铁芯(204)时，所述后轴向铁芯(204)与所述壳体冷却孔(104)相对的位置沿径向开设所述径向冷却孔(204-2)，所述径向冷却孔(204-2)从所述后轴向铁芯(204)的径向外端贯穿至其径向内端；所述第三轴向冷却孔与所述第四轴向冷却孔沿轴向相对地设置。
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