WO2024128549A1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024128549A1 WO2024128549A1 PCT/KR2023/017374 KR2023017374W WO2024128549A1 WO 2024128549 A1 WO2024128549 A1 WO 2024128549A1 KR 2023017374 W KR2023017374 W KR 2023017374W WO 2024128549 A1 WO2024128549 A1 WO 2024128549A1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
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- C01P2004/32—Spheres
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. More specifically, it relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery with improved output and lifespan characteristics and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- lithium secondary batteries used in electric vehicles have the characteristics of high energy density and the ability to produce large output in a short period of time, and must be able to be used for more than 10 years under harsh conditions where charging and discharging by large currents are repeated in a short period of time. Output characteristics and long-term life characteristics that are significantly superior to those of small-sized lithium secondary batteries are inevitably required.
- one object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery with improved output and lifespan characteristics and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes a current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material includes natural graphite and a coating layer disposed on the surface of the natural graphite, and 1.4 g/ Providing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the ratio of the change in adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer (gf/mm) to the change in electrode density (g/cc) at an electrode density in the range of cc to 1.8 g/cc is 2 or more. do.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery can satisfy Equation 1 below at an electrode density in the range of 1.5 g/cc to 1.7 g/cc.
- the adhesive force (gf/mm) refers to the adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer of 1.35 gf/mm or more at an electrode density of 1.6 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an area ratio (I110/I004) of the intensity of the orientation peak of the XRD pattern of 0.085 or more at an electrode density in the range of 1.6/cc.
- the sphericity degree of the negative electrode active material may be 0.90 or more.
- the area ratio (I110/I004) of the intensity of the orientation peak of the XRD pattern of the negative electrode active material may be 0.5 or more.
- the tap density of the negative electrode active material may be 1.10 g/cc or more.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material may be 2.35 m 2 /g or less.
- the natural graphite may be re-spheronized natural graphite obtained through primary spheronization and secondary re-spheronization processes.
- the coating layer may include a low-crystalline carbon material.
- the low crystalline carbon material includes petroleum pitch, coal-based pitch, mesophase pitch, heavy oil, light oil, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), sucrose, phenol resin, and furan resin ( furan resin, furfuryl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, styrene, polyimide, epoxy resin, glucose, or combinations thereof. It can be.
- the content of the coating layer may be 1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the natural graphite.
- the thickness of the coating layer may be 5 to 20 nm.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including the above-described negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention can improve the output and life characteristics of the battery by appropriately adjusting the ratio of the change in adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer to the change in electrode density in a specific range of electrode density. there is.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a negative electrode for a lithium ita battery according to an example of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer according to the electrode density of the negative electrodes manufactured according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Figure 3 shows the results of a high-rate characteristic evaluation experiment of lithium secondary batteries manufactured according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- first, second, and third are used to describe, but are not limited to, various parts, components, regions, layers, and/or sections. These terms are used only to distinguish one portion, component, region, layer or section from another portion, component, region, layer or section. Accordingly, the first part, component, region, layer or section described below may be referred to as the second part, component, region, layer or section without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- % means weight%, and 1ppm is 0.0001% by weight.
- the term "combination(s) thereof" described in the Markushi format expression refers to a mixture or combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of the components described in the Markushi format expression, It means containing one or more selected from the group consisting of constituent elements.
- the present inventors have found that the above characteristics can be improved by sufficiently increasing the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer and additionally appropriately adjusting various physical properties related thereto. I learned that. In addition, it was found that the adhesion of the negative electrode and various physical properties related thereto can be easily derived by appropriately adjusting the physical properties of the natural graphite negative electrode active material. Accordingly, the present invention was completed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes a current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material includes natural graphite and a coating layer disposed on the surface of the natural graphite, and 1.4 g/ Providing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the ratio of the change in adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer (gf/mm) to the change in electrode density (g/cc) at an electrode density in the range of cc to 1.8 g/cc is 2 or more. do.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery has an electrode density in the range of 1.4 g/cc to 1.8 g/cc between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer for the amount of change in electrode density (g/cc).
- the ratio of the change in adhesion (gf/mm) (hereinafter referred to as “change ratio” in this specification) may be 2 or more, and more specifically, may be 2.15 or 2.3 or more, and may be 3 or 2.8 or less.
- the change ratio may vary depending on the type of active material included in the negative electrode active material layer and other physical properties.
- the present inventors conducted repeated studies on the optimal change ratio that can improve the output and lifespan characteristics of the battery when using natural graphite as a negative electrode active material. As a result, when the change amount ratio is sufficiently large as described above, the battery characteristics are significantly improved. I learned that. As the high-density respheronization process is applied to the existing spherical graphite, the spheronization degree of the graphite is improved and rolled to a high packing density during the electrode rolling process. When the packing density is high, the contact points between graphite powders or between graphite and electrodes increase, improving electrode adhesion due to the binder within the electrode. As the degree of sphericity increases, the packing between powders becomes denser as electrode density improves. The change ratio is improved. Ultimately, this appears to be because materials with a high ratio of change in adhesion to the electrode efficiently conduct the electrons transferred from the current collector, thereby reducing electrode resistance and improving the output characteristics of the battery.
- the change ratio is too small, it means that there is little change in the adhesion between the current collector in the electrode and the negative electrode active material layer even when the electrode is compressed by external force, and due to the low packing density of the spherical graphite in the electrode, even when rolled at high density. Because there is a lot of empty space inside and the contact area between powders is small, the adhesion of the electrode does not improve even if high pressure is applied and rolling is performed. Ultimately, the negative electrode active material can easily peel off from the current collector, causing the active material to easily separate during life evaluation, which can cause the battery's output and lifespan characteristics to deteriorate due to an increase in electron movement resistance.
- the change ratio is too large, it means that the change in electrode adhesion is high due to electrode compression.
- the active material in the electrode is transformed into a state where the specific surface area increases due to compression, and eventually, the spherical shape of the graphite is destroyed and cracks are formed on the surface of the active material.
- the film (SEI) increases and the initial charge/discharge efficiency may decrease.
- the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer is a value derived by performing an adhesion test under a compressed density in the range of 1.4 g/cc to 1.8 g/cc of the negative electrode for lithium secondary battery in the following manner. am.
- the manufactured cathode was prepared by cutting it into pieces with a width of 20 mm and a length of 100 mm. Double-sided tape with an area of 18 mm in width and 80 mm in length was attached to a slide glass with an area of 25 mm in width and 100 mm in length. After attaching the prepared electrode to the double-sided tape, it was pressed lightly 10 times with a hand roller, and it was mounted on a UTM (1 kgf load cell) to peel off the current collector and measure the 90-degree peeling strength.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention can satisfy Equation 1 below at an electrode density in the range of 1.5 g/cc to 1.7 g/cc.
- the adhesive force (gf/mm) refers to the adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) may be 0.8 or more, and may be 1.2 or 1.1 or less.
- adhesion gf/mm/electrode density (g/cc)
- the graphite powder or current collector has a low degree of sphericity within the electrode. Due to the small number of contact points with the adhesive, the adhesive force is reduced, which ultimately hinders electrical conduction between active materials, which can deteriorate the output and lifespan characteristics of the battery. Electrodes with excessively high electrode density do not have enough space for the electrolyte solution to penetrate between the graphites. This means that the electrolyte does not wet the graphite surface evenly, which limits the movement of Li ions and ultimately deteriorates the output and lifespan characteristics of the battery.
- the adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) value is too large, it means that the adhesion is too large or the electrode density is too small. Due to the deformation of the circular shape of the existing oval spherical graphite, the graphite is eventually formed. Due to the destruction of the spherical shape and the occurrence of cracks, the film (SEI) formed on the surface of the active material increases and the initial charge and discharge efficiency may be lowered. Additionally, if the electrode density is too small, there is a disadvantage in that the energy density of the battery is lowered.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) value of 0.65 to 0.70 at an electrode density of 1.4 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) value of 0.75 to 0.83 at an electrode density of 1.5 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) value of 0.85 to 0.93 at an electrode density of 1.6 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) value of 0.94 to 1.04 at an electrode density of 1.7 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesion (gf/mm)/electrode density (g/cc) value of 1.05 to 1.2 at an electrode density of 1.8 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer of 1.35 gf/mm or more at an electrode density of 1.6 g/cc, and more specifically, 1.35 to 1.60 gf. /mm or 1.40 to 1.55 gf/mm.
- the adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer is too small, it means that the adhesive force between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer and between the active materials is insufficient. This means that the negative electrode active material is easily peeled off from the current collector, leading to separation of the active material during life evaluation and resistance due to current concentration. As this increases, the output and lifespan characteristics of the battery may deteriorate.
- the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer is too large, the binder may be distributed unevenly on the current collector side, causing a non-ideal adhesion force, which may cause a problem of increased electrode resistance, which ultimately leads to electrical conduction due to the binder densely located on the current collector side.
- the reduction may cause problems with lower output and lifespan characteristics.
- the specific surface area of the active material can increase dramatically, which can increase the adhesion, which can ultimately lead to an increase in the film (SEI) formed on the surface of the active material, which can lead to a problem of lowering the initial charge and discharge efficiency.
- SEI film
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer of 0.90 to 1.02 gf/mm or 0.92 to 1.00 gf/mm at an electrode density of 1.4 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer of 1.15 to 1.3 gf/mm or 1.18 to 1.25 gf/mm at an electrode density of 1.5 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer of 1.35 to 1.60 gf/mm or 1.40 to 1.55 gf/mm at an electrode density of 1.6 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer of 1.60 to 1.85 gf/mm or 1.64 to 1.80 gf/mm at an electrode density of 1.7 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an adhesive force between a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer of 1.80 to 2.15 gf/mm or 1.85 to 2.1 gf/mm at an electrode density of 1.8 g/cc.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery may have an area ratio (I110/I004) of the intensity of the orientation peak of the It may be below.
- the orientation peak intensity area ratio (I110/I004) means obtained by measuring the (110) plane and (004) plane of the cathode by XRD and dividing the peak areas of the (110) plane and (004) plane. Specifically, the (110) plane is 76.5 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 78.5 degrees, the (004) plane is 53.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 56.0 degrees, and 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle.
- the orientation peak intensity area ratio can be used as a measure of the degree to which the edge portion of the natural graphite layer is oriented in various directions.
- the sphericity degree of the natural graphite may be 0.90 or more, and more specifically, 0.90 to 0.96 or 0.91 to 0.95.
- the degree of sphericity is a numerical expression of the degree to which a particle is close to a sphere, and is obtained by dividing the circumference of a circle with the same area as the particle projection shape by the actual circumference of the particle projection shape through a flow-type particle analysis device. It refers to This degree of sphericity can be measured using an analyzer for optical image acquisition (Fluid Imaging Technologies, Flowcam 8100) and analysis software (visual spreadsheet).
- the coating uniformity decreases when manufacturing the negative electrode active material, and the adhesion between the negative electrode active material layer and the current collector and the above-mentioned change ratio decrease due to low packing density and few contact points during the production of the negative electrode, resulting in a decrease in the binder during the production of the electrode.
- the content may need to be increased, or the electrochemical properties of the battery, such as output and expansion characteristics, may deteriorate.
- the degree of sphericity of the negative electrode active material may be 0.90 or more, and more specifically, 0.90 to 0.96 or 0.91 to 0.95.
- the area ratio (I110/I004) of the intensity of the orientation peak of the XRD pattern of the negative electrode active material may be 0.5 or more, more specifically, 0.5 or 0.6 or more, and 0.9 or 0.85 or less.
- the orientation peak intensity area ratio (I110/I004) is obtained by measuring the (110) plane and (004) plane of the negative electrode active material particle by XRD and then dividing the peak area of the (110) plane and (004) plane. Specifically, the (110) plane is 76.5 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 78.5 degrees, the (004) plane is 53.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 56.0 degrees, and 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle.
- the orientation peak intensity area ratio can be used as a measure of the degree to which the edge portion of the natural graphite layer is oriented in various directions.
- the binder content may need to be increased, or the electrochemical properties such as battery output and expansion characteristics may deteriorate.
- the area ratio (I110/I004) of the intensity of the orientation peak of the XRD pattern of the negative electrode active material is too large, productivity may decrease due to increased processing time and reduced production yield, and the electrochemical properties of the battery are improved compared to the increase in process cost to improve orientation. Because the effect is minimal, economic feasibility may be low.
- the tap density of the negative electrode active material may be 1.10 g/cc or more, and more specifically, may be 1.10 to 1.30 g/cc or 1.16 to 1.24 g/cc.
- tap density is a method for measuring the degree of filling of a sample per unit volume and can be measured by a method commonly used in the industry.
- the density can be calculated through the change in volume after mechanically free-falling (tapping) a measuring container containing a sample a certain number of times from a certain height. there is.
- the packing density decreases during the electrode rolling process, which ultimately reduces the contact area between the negative electrode active material particles and the current collector, which may reduce the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer and the above-mentioned change ratio.
- the output and lifespan characteristics of the battery may decrease.
- productivity may decrease due to increased processing time and decreased production yield, and the effect of improving the electrochemical properties of the battery is minimal compared to the increase in process costs for improving tap density, which may reduce economic feasibility.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material may be 2.35 m 2 /g or less, more specifically, 2.25 or 2.15 m 2 /g or less, and 1.5, 1.6, or 1.7 m 2 g or more.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is too large, there is an advantage in improving electrode adhesion, but in the future, the amount of film (SEI) formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material may increase, which may cause problems with side reactions and reduced battery life.
- SEI film
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is too small, the degree of spheronization of the spherical graphite is low, which means that the degree of spheronization of natural graphite is low.
- the graphite in the electrode is rolled to a low packing density and the contact area between the negative electrode active material particles and the current collector is reduced, which may cause problems such as deterioration of the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer and the above-mentioned change ratio.
- the natural graphite may be re-spheronized natural graphite obtained through primary spheronization and secondary re-spheronization processes.
- the method for producing the reshaped natural graphite includes preparing natural graphite particles; Primary spheronizing the natural graphite particles; Secondary reforming the primary spherical natural graphite particles; It may include the step of obtaining reshaped natural graphite by particle size classification of the secondary reshaped natural graphite particles.
- the step of first spheronizing the natural graphite particles may be performed by spheronizing plate-shaped (or flake-shaped) natural graphite particles in a common method in the art.
- the step of secondarily reforming the primary spheroidized natural graphite particles may be to further spheroidize the primary spheroidized natural graphite particles by a mechanical spheronization method.
- the mechanical spheronization method includes air classifying milling, spheronizing milling, grinding milling, mechanofusion milling, planetary milling, It may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of hybridization milling, shape milling, and high speed milling.
- the secondary reforming step may be performed at a rotation speed of 500 to 4000 rpm, and more specifically, may be performed at 700 to 2000 rpm or 800 to 1500 rpm.
- spheronization is performed at a rotation speed in the above range, cracking and destruction of graphite raw materials can be minimized, and natural graphite with an appropriate degree of spheroidization can be formed.
- the secondary reforming step may be performed for 5 to 40 minutes, and more specifically, may be performed for 8 to 25 minutes or 10 to 20 minutes.
- spheronization is performed for the above range of time, natural graphite with an appropriate degree of sphericity can be formed.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the reshaped natural graphite is in the range of 8 to 20 ⁇ m, 10 to 18 ⁇ m, or 13 to 18 ⁇ m. It may be performing classification.
- the classification may partially remove particles smaller than 8 ⁇ m through airflow classification, and partially remove particles larger than 20 ⁇ m through sieve classification.
- the negative electrode active material according to the present invention includes natural graphite and a coating layer disposed on the surface of the natural graphite.
- the coating layer may include a low-crystalline carbon material.
- a low-crystalline carbon material coating layer By forming a low-crystalline carbon material coating layer, side reactions of natural graphite with the electrolyte are suppressed, thereby reducing irreversible reactions and improving electrochemical properties.
- the low-crystalline carbon materials include, for example, petroleum pitch, coal-based pitch, mesophase pitch, heavy oil, light oil, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), sucrose, and phenol resin. , furan resin, furfuryl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, styrene, polyimide, epoxy resin, glucose. Or it may be a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the content of the coating layer may be 1 to 20% by weight, more specifically, 2 to 16% by weight, 3 to 12% by weight, and 4 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the natural graphite.
- the content of the coating layer satisfies the above range, natural graphite and the coating layer can be effectively bonded, and the output and lifespan characteristics of the lithium secondary battery can be improved by reducing side reactions and improving lithium ion conductivity.
- the thickness of the coating layer may be 5 to 20 nm. If the thickness of the coating layer is too small, there is an advantage in reducing resistance when lithium ions are inserted/desorbed into the graphite, but coating uniformity cannot be secured and problems with increased side reactions due to non-uniform coating may occur. If the thickness of the coating layer is too large, Insertion and detachment of lithium ions may be difficult, causing problems such as increased cathode resistance and reduced lifespan.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes preparing natural graphite; Mixing the natural graphite and the coating raw material to form a mixture; and heat-treating the mixture to form a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the natural graphite may be re-spheronized natural graphite obtained through the primary spheronization and secondary re-spheronization processes as described above.
- the secondary reformulation method is the same as described above, so it will be omitted.
- the natural graphite and the coating raw material are mixed to form a mixture.
- the coating raw material may be a low-crystalline carbon material.
- the advantage of the coating layer including a low-crystalline carbon material is the same as described above, so it is omitted.
- the low crystalline carbon material includes petroleum pitch, coal-based pitch, mesophase pitch, heavy oil, light oil, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), sucrose, phenol resin, and furan resin ( furan resin, furfuryl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, styrene, polyimide, epoxy resin, glucose, or combinations thereof. It can be.
- the mixing can be carried out by mechanical mixing method.
- the mechanical mixing method includes ball milling, mechanofusion milling, shaker milling, planetary milling, attritor milling, and shape milling. ), nauta milling, nobilta milling, high speed mixing, paddle mixing, ribbon mixing, henschel mixing, cone type mixing ( It may be corn type mixing, thinky mixing, or homo mixing.
- the mixing may be performed at a rotation speed of 500 to 3000 rpm, and more specifically, may be performed at a rotation speed of 1000 to 3000 rpm or 1500 to 2500 rpm.
- the mixing may be performed for 2 minutes to 1 hour, and more specifically, may be performed for 2 minutes to 30 minutes or 5 minutes to 20 minutes.
- the mixture is heat treated to form a negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the heat treatment may be performed at 600 to 1500°C, more specifically, 700 to 1400°C, 800 to 1400°C, or 900 to 1400°C.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, or mixed gas atmosphere.
- the heat treatment may be performed for 2 to 15 hours, more specifically, 3 to 10 hours or 4 to 8 hours.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer located on the negative electrode current collector and containing the negative electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery described above.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material layer may optionally include a binder and/or a conductive material along with the negative electrode active material.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured according to a conventional negative electrode manufacturing method, except for using the negative electrode active material described above.
- the negative electrode active material layer containing the above-described negative electrode active material and optionally a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent onto a negative electrode current collector, followed by rolling and drying.
- a composition for forming a negative electrode active material layer containing the above-described negative electrode active material and optionally a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent onto a negative electrode current collector, followed by rolling and drying.
- the types and contents of the negative electrode active material, binder, and conductive material are as described above.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or water. and the like, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the amount of the solvent used is sufficient to dissolve or disperse the negative electrode active material, conductive material, and binder in consideration of the application thickness and production yield of the slurry, and to have a viscosity that can exhibit excellent thickness uniformity when applied for subsequent production of the negative electrode. do.
- the negative electrode may be manufactured by casting the composition for forming the negative electrode active material layer on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from the support on the negative electrode current collector.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including the above-described negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode positioned opposite the positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the cathode is as described above.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container that accommodates the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and a sealing member that seals the battery container.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon, nickel, titanium on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with silver, etc. may be used. Additionally, the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material. For example, it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- a compound capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium (lithiated intercalation compound) can be used.
- lithium intercalation compound a compound capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium
- one or more types of complex oxides of lithium and a metal selected from cobalt, manganese, nickel, and combinations thereof may be used, and as a specific example, a compound represented by any of the following formulas may be used:
- Li a A 1-b B b D 2 (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5); Li a E 1-b B b O 2-c D c (in the above formula, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05); LiE 2-b B b O 4-c D c (wherein 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05); Li a Ni 1-bc Co b B c D ⁇ (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2); Li a Ni 1-bc Co b B c O 2- ⁇ T ⁇ (wherein 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- A is Ni, Co, Mn, or a combination thereof
- B is Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof
- D is O, F, S, P, or a combination thereof
- E is Co, Mn, or a combination thereof
- T is F, S, P or a combination thereof
- G is Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V or a combination thereof
- Q is Ti, Mo, Mn, or a combination thereof
- I is Cr, V, Fe, Sc, Y or a combination thereof
- J may be V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, or a combination thereof.
- the above compound may have a coating layer on its surface, or a mixture of the above compound and a compound having a coating layer may be used.
- the coating layer may include at least one coating element compound selected from the group consisting of oxides of coating elements, hydroxides of coating elements, oxyhydroxides of coating elements, oxycarbonates of coating elements, and hydroxycarbonates of coating elements. You can.
- the compounds that make up these coating layers may be amorphous or crystalline.
- Coating elements included in the coating layer may include Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, or mixtures thereof.
- any coating method may be used as long as the above compounds can be coated with these elements in a manner that does not adversely affect the physical properties of the positive electrode active material (e.g., spray coating, dipping method, etc.). Since this is well-understood by people working in the field, detailed explanation will be omitted.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a binder and/or a conductive material along with the positive electrode active material described above.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by applying a composition for forming a positive active material layer containing a positive active material and optionally a binder, a conductive material, or a solvent, on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling. At this time, the types and contents of the positive electrode active material, binder, and conductive material are as described above.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or water. and the like, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the amount of solvent used is sufficient to dissolve or disperse the positive electrode active material, conductive material, and binder in consideration of the application thickness and manufacturing yield of the slurry, and to have a viscosity that can exhibit excellent thickness uniformity when applied for subsequent positive electrode production. do.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the composition for forming the positive electrode active material layer on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from the support on a positive electrode current collector.
- the separator separates the positive and negative electrodes and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without any particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in lithium secondary batteries. In particular, it has low resistance to ion movement in the electrolyte and has an electrolyte moisturizing ability. Excellent is desirable.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous nonwoven fabrics for example, nonwoven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or polymer material may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte may include, but is not limited to, an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel-type polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, and a molten inorganic electrolyte that can be used in the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery.
- the organic liquid electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate carbonate-based solvents such as PC); Alcohol-based solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a C2 to C20 straight-chain, branched or
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- excellent electrolyte performance can be obtained by mixing cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:9.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular limitations as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1 to 2.0M. When the concentration of lithium salt is within the above range, the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, so excellent electrolyte performance can be achieved and lithium ions can move effectively.
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene
- Ethyl phosphite triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexamethyl phosphate triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imide
- One or more additives such as dazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- spheronized natural graphite particles with an average particle diameter (D50) of 17um are subjected to a second mechanical spheronization process in a spheronizer at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes, followed by airflow classification and sieve classification to remove fine and coarse particles to obtain an average particle size.
- High-density re-spherical natural graphite particles with a particle diameter of 15 um were manufactured.
- the secondary spheroidized high-density spheronized natural graphite particles with an average particle diameter of 16um prepared through the above method were mixed with petroleum pitch at a weight ratio of 100:7 as a base material, and then mechanically mixed at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes in a high-speed stirrer to achieve uniformity.
- the mixture was prepared.
- the prepared sample was placed in a container and heat-treated at 1200°C for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then classified through a 75um sieve to prepare a negative electrode active material.
- the prepared negative electrode active material, the conductive material, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, and carboxymethylcellolose (CMC) as a thickener were mixed in a mass ratio of 96:1:1.5:1.5 and then dispersed in deionized distilled water.
- a negative electrode active material layer composition was prepared. The composition was applied to a Cu-foil current collector, then dried and rolled to prepare negative electrodes with electrode densities of 1.40 ⁇ 0.05, 1.50 ⁇ 0.05, 1.60 ⁇ 0.05, 1.70 ⁇ 0.05, and 1.80 ⁇ 0.05 g/cm 3 .
- a coin-type 2032 half-cell was manufactured using the cathode as a working electrode and metallic lithium as a counter electrode. At this time, a separator made of a porous polypropylene film was inserted between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and as an electrolyte, LiPF6 at a concentration of 1M was added to a mixed solution of diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) at a mixing volume ratio of 7:3. The dissolved product was used.
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- Spherical natural graphite, anode active material, anode, and lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average particle diameter (D50) was 16um.
- Spherical natural graphite, negative electrode active material, negative electrode, and lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the primary spheronized natural graphite was not further spheronized and had an average particle diameter (D50) of 17 um. .
- Spherical natural graphite, negative electrode active material, negative electrode, and lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the primary spheronized natural graphite was not further spheronized and had an average particle diameter (D50) of 16um. .
- the active material powder was measured using a laser diffraction method.
- the particle size (D10), particle size (D50), particle size (D90), and particle size (Dmax) are the particle sizes corresponding to 10%, 50%, 90%, and 100% of the cumulative volume in the particle size distribution curve, respectively.
- SPAN means (particle size (D90) - particle size (D10)) / particle size (D50).
- the specific surface area was measured using the BET method (Surface area and Porosity analyzer) (Micromeritics, ASAP2020).
- the degree of sphericity of the active material powder was evaluated by dividing the circumference of a circle with the same area as the particle projection shape by the actual circumference of the particle projection shape through a flow particle analysis device. This degree of sphericity can be measured using an analyzer for optical image acquisition (Fluid Imaging Technologies, Flowcam 8100) and analysis software (visual spreadsheet).
- the orientation index is an area ratio ((110)/(004) obtained by measuring the (110) and (004) planes of spherical natural graphite contained in the cathode by XRD and then integrating the peak intensities of the (110) plane and (004) plane. )) was calculated. More specifically, the XRD measurement conditions are as follows.
- (004) plane 53.5 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 56.0 degrees, 0.1 degrees / 4.2 seconds, where 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle.
- the negative electrode active materials of Examples 1 and 2 had a smaller particle diameter (D10) and specific surface area, and a higher tap density, sphericity, and orientation than the negative electrode active materials of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the adhesion of the negative electrodes prepared according to Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was measured while adjusting the electrode density to 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 g/cc, respectively.
- the manufactured negative electrode was prepared by cutting it into pieces of 20 mm in width and 100 mm in length. Double-sided tape with an area of 18 mm in width and 80 mm in length was attached to a slide glass with an area of 25 mm in width and 100 mm in length. After attaching the prepared electrode to the double-sided tape, pressing it lightly 10 times with a hand roller, it was mounted on a UTM (1 kgf load cell), and the current collector was peeled off at a speed of 300 mm/min to measure the 90-degree peeling strength. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 below.
- the change ratio that is, the adhesion between the current collector and the negative electrode active material layer relative to the change amount (g/cc) in electrode density in the electrode density range of 1.4 g/cc to 1.8 g/cc (gf) /mm) was evaluated.
- adhesion gf/mm
- g/cc electrode density
- the orientation index is an area ratio ((110)/(004) obtained by measuring the (110) and (004) planes of spherical natural graphite contained in the cathode by XRD and then integrating the peak intensities of the (110) plane and (004) plane. )) was calculated. More specifically, the XRD measurement conditions are as follows.
- (004) plane 53.5 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 56.0 degrees, 0.1 degrees / 4.2 seconds, where 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle.
- coin-type lithium secondary batteries were heated at 0.5C, 1.0C, and 2.0C up to 5mV/0.005C under constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) conditions at 25°C. After charging, it was discharged at 0.1C to 1.2V under constant current (CC) conditions, and the capacity charged with constant current for each C-rate was measured.
- CC/CV constant current/constant voltage
- the gist of the present invention is to improve the charging output characteristics of the battery by adjusting the physical properties such as the change ratio and adhesive force of the cathode.
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Abstract
Description
| 활물질 | 입경 | Span | 비표면적 (m2/g) |
탭밀도 (g/cc) |
구형화도 | 분체배향도 (I110/I004) |
|||
| D10 | D50 | D90 | Dmax | ||||||
| 실시예1 | 10.6 | 17.0 | 26 | 52 | 0.91 | 1.7 | 1.20 | 0.92 | 0.63 |
| 실시예2 | 10.5 | 15.8 | 24 | 52 | 0.85 | 2.1 | 1.18 | 0.93 | 0.79 |
| 비교예1 | 12.2 | 18.7 | 29 | 62 | 0.90 | 2.4 | 1.08 | 0.87 | 0.33 |
| 비교예2 | 11.2 | 16.5 | 24 | 36 | 0.78 | 2.8 | 1.09 | 0.88 | 0.37 |
| 음극 (g/cc) |
접착력 (gf/mm) | 변화량 비 | 접착력 / 전극밀도 | 배향도 | ||||||||
| 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | |||
| 실시예1 | 0.96 | 1.2 | 1.42 | 1.66 | 1.89 | 2.33 | 0.68 | 0.8 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 0.101 |
| 실시예2 | 0.94 | 1.22 | 1.49 | 1.77 | 2.04 | 2.75 | 0.67 | 0.81 | 0.93 | 1.04 | 1.13 | 0.115 |
| 비교예1 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 1.19 | 1.33 | 1.5 | 1.55 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.042 |
| 비교예2 | 0.83 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 1.29 | 1.44 | 1.53 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.8 | 0.050 |
| 구분 | 충전 출력 특성 | ||
| 0.5C(%) | 1.0C(%) | 2.0C(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 60.9 | 24.3 | 6.3 |
| 실시예 2 | 63.3 | 28.7 | 6.6 |
| 비교예 1 | 48.1 | 17.5 | 4.6 |
| 비교예 2 | 49.1 | 18.8 | 4.7 |
Claims (14)
- 집전체; 및 상기 집전체 상에 배치되는 음극 활물질층을 포함하고, 상기 음극 활물질층은 음극 활물질을 포함하고, 상기 음극 활물질은 천연 흑연 및 상기 천연 흑연의 표면 상에 배치되는 코팅층을 포함하고,1.4g/cc 내지 1.8g/cc 범위의 전극 밀도에서 전극 밀도의 변화량(g/cc)에 대한 상기 집전체 및 상기 음극 활물질층 간 접착력(gf/mm)의 변화량의 비가 2 이상인, 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,1.5g/cc 내지 1.7g/cc 범위의 전극 밀도에서 하기 식 1을 만족하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극:<식 1>접착력(gf/mm)/전극 밀도(g/cc) ≥ 0.80상기 식 1에서, 접착력(gf/mm)는 상기 집전체 및 상기 음극 활물질층 간 접착력을 의미한다.
- 제1항에 있어서,1.6g/cc의 전극 밀도에서, 상기 집전체 및 상기 음극 활물질층 간 접착력이 1.35gf/mm 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,1.6g/cc의 전극 밀도에서, XRD 패턴의 배향성 피크 강도의 면적 비(I110/I004)가 0.085 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 구형화도는 0.90 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 XRD 패턴의 배향성 피크 강도의 면적 비(I110/I004)는 0.5 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 탭밀도는 1.10g/cc 이상인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질의 비표면적은 2.35 m2/g 이하인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 천연 흑연은 1차 구형화 및 2차 재구형화 공정을 통해 수득된 재구형화된 천연 흑연인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코팅층은 저결정성 탄소재를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 저결정성 탄소재는 석유계 피치, 석탄계 피치, 메조페이스 피치, 중질유, 경질유, 폴리비닐 알코올(PVA), 폴리비닐클로라이드(PVC), 수크로오스(sucrose), 페놀수지(phenol resin), 퓨란수지(furan resin), 퍼푸릴 알코올(furfuryl alcohol), 폴리아크릴로니트릴(polyacrylonitrile), 셀룰로오스(cellulose), 스티렌(styrene), 폴리이미드(polyimide), 에폭시(epoxy resin), 글루코오스(glucose) 또는 이들의 조합인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코팅층의 함량은 상기 천연 흑연 전체 중량을 기준으로 1 내지 20 중량%인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코팅층의 두께는 5 내지 20 nm인 리튬 이차 전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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| EP23903752.6A EP4636840A4 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2023-11-02 | Anode for secondary lithium battery, and secondary lithium battery including it |
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| KR10-2022-0174979 | 2022-12-14 | ||
| KR1020220174979A KR102831510B1 (ko) | 2022-12-14 | 2022-12-14 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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| KR20200028637A (ko) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20210115461A (ko) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-27 | (주)포스코케미칼 | 리튬 이자 천지 음극 활물질용 흑연 입자, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20220053610A (ko) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-04-29 | 비티알 뉴 머티리얼 그룹 코., 엘티디. | 흑연 음극 재료, 음극과 리튬 이온 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| CN115207303A (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-10-18 | 新疆天宏基科技有限公司 | 一种高能快充的石墨负极复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| JP2014151219A (ja) | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-25 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 粉体処理装置、該装置を用いて製造した球形化黒鉛粒子、該球形化黒鉛粒子を含有するリチウムイオン二次電池用負極、及び該負極を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| KR102053843B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-08 | 2019-12-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 및 상기 음극의 제조방법 |
| KR20210053060A (ko) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-11 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR102863042B1 (ko) * | 2022-10-12 | 2025-09-23 | (주)포스코퓨처엠 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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- 2023-11-02 WO PCT/KR2023/017374 patent/WO2024128549A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| KR20210115461A (ko) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-27 | (주)포스코케미칼 | 리튬 이자 천지 음극 활물질용 흑연 입자, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20220053610A (ko) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-04-29 | 비티알 뉴 머티리얼 그룹 코., 엘티디. | 흑연 음극 재료, 음극과 리튬 이온 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| KR20220144097A (ko) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-26 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극, 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| CN115207303A (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-10-18 | 新疆天宏基科技有限公司 | 一种高能快充的石墨负极复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| KR102831510B1 (ko) | 2025-07-09 |
| KR20240094177A (ko) | 2024-06-25 |
| EP4636840A1 (en) | 2025-10-22 |
| EP4636840A4 (en) | 2026-04-29 |
| KR20250088699A (ko) | 2025-06-17 |
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