WO2024128852A1 - 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024128852A1 WO2024128852A1 PCT/KR2023/020753 KR2023020753W WO2024128852A1 WO 2024128852 A1 WO2024128852 A1 WO 2024128852A1 KR 2023020753 W KR2023020753 W KR 2023020753W WO 2024128852 A1 WO2024128852 A1 WO 2024128852A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same.
- Lithium iron phosphate is inexpensive because it contains iron, which is a resource-abundant and low-cost material. Additionally, because the toxicity of lithium iron phosphate is low, environmental pollution can be reduced when using lithium iron phosphate. In addition, because lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure can be maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. Accordingly, the battery has the advantage of excellent high-temperature stability and high-temperature lifespan characteristics.
- lithium iron phosphate has the problem of poor lithium mobility and low electrical conductivity compared to lithium transition metal oxides such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Accordingly, in the past, lithium iron phosphate with a small average particle size was used to shorten the lithium movement path, the surface of the lithium iron phosphate was coated with carbon to improve electrical conductivity, and an excessive amount of conductive material was used. .
- the ratio (P2/P1) of the weight of fluorine contained therein is 1 or less, and the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is the total weight of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer (A + B ) in the range of 17% to 99%.
- the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer may range from 20% to 85% of the total weight (A + B) of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer. there is.
- the rubber-based binder and the rubber-based dispersant may each be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR).
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the rubber-based binder may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 130,000 g/mol or more, preferably in the range of 150,000 g/mol to 1,000,000 g/mol. .
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate and the second lithium iron phosphate may be 50:50 to 99.9:0.1.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the lithium iron phosphate included in the second positive electrode active material layer may be 0.6 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the lithium iron phosphate may be a compound represented by Formula 1 below.
- M is any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y. and, x ⁇ 0.5)
- the fluorine-based binder may be included in the first positive electrode active material layer in an amount ranging from 1.5% by weight to 3.0% by weight.
- the fluorine-based binder may be included in the range of 0.8% by weight to 2.4% by weight in the second positive electrode active material layer.
- the fluorine-based binder may be a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)-based polymer binder.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers may satisfy Condition 1 below.
- R1 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder included in the first positive electrode active material layer
- R2 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder included in the second positive electrode active material layer.
- the rubber-based binder may be included in an amount of 0.2% to 0.9% by weight in the first positive electrode active material layer, and may be included in an amount of 0.3% to 1.0% by weight in the second positive electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material may be a carbon nanotube.
- the conductive material may be included in the range of 0.3% by weight to 2.0% by weight in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode described above.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a first positive electrode active material layer that maximizes adhesion and a second positive electrode active material layer that contributes to improved flexibility, and thus has excellent positive electrode adhesion and flexibility even with a small binder content compared to a conventional single-layer positive electrode. You can have
- the positive electrode according to the present invention has excellent adhesion by controlling the weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer to an appropriate range.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) can be defined as the particle size based on 50% of the particle size distribution, and can be measured using a laser diffraction method. Specifically, the average particle diameter (D 50 ) is determined by dispersing the target particles in a dispersion medium, introducing them into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (for example, Microtrac MT 3000), and irradiating ultrasonic waves at about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W. , the average particle diameter (D 50 ) based on 50% of the particle volume cumulative distribution according to the particle size in the measuring device can be calculated.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device for example, Microtrac MT 3000
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the amount of nitrogen gas adsorption under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II from BEL Japan.
- pi ( ⁇ ) indicates the diameter of the measuring rod in millimeters (mm).
- weight average molecular weight refers to the converted value for standard polystyrene measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Specifically, the weight average molecular weight is a value converted from the value measured under the following conditions using GPC, and standard polystyrene from the Agilent system was used to prepare the calibration curve.
- anode adhesion can be measured by the following method. Prepare a positive electrode cut to 150 mm in length and 20 mm in width, place the positive electrode active material layer against a slide glass with a length of 75 mm and 25 mm in width, and attach the positive electrode to the slide glass in the longitudinal direction using double-sided tape. do. That is, the slide glass is attached to an area corresponding to half of the longitudinal direction of the anode. Afterwards, an evaluation sample is prepared by rubbing the roller 10 times so that the double-sided tape is uniformly attached.
- the slide glass part of the evaluation sample is fixed to the sample stage of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (LS5, AMETEK), and the anode half without the slide glass attached is connected to the load cell of the UTM equipment.
- UTM Universal Testing Machine
- the average value of the load measured in the 20 mm to 40 mm section of the driving section is obtained. This is repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value is evaluated as the anode adhesive strength (gf/20mm) of each sample.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same.
- Lithium iron phosphate which is generally used as a positive electrode active material, has lower lithium mobility and lower electrical conductivity compared to lithium transition metal oxides such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Therefore, lithium iron phosphate with a small average particle size is mainly used as a positive electrode active material. However, when the size of the lithium iron phosphate particles is small, the specific surface area increases, which causes severe particle agglomeration and prevents the lithium iron phosphate and binder from mixing effectively, which may reduce anode adhesion.
- the fluorine-based binder used as the positive electrode binder has the property of adhering better to lithium iron phosphate particles than the positive electrode current collector, so that when the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, the positive electrode active material is lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide compared to the positive electrode active material.
- the interfacial adhesion between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer may decrease.
- the positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material has the problem of detachment of the positive electrode active material layer during electrode manufacturing or charging and discharging, resulting in increased battery resistance and decreased capacity of the secondary battery.
- a positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material has poor brittleness due to the characteristics of the positive electrode active material compared to a positive electrode containing lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and is prone to detachment of the positive electrode active material layer due to physical external force. weak.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted repeated research to solve this problem, and as a result, the positive electrode active material layer was composed of multiple layers rather than a single layer, and the first and second positive active material layers were each composed of lithium iron phosphate and conductive conductive material. It includes ash, a fluorine-based binder, a rubber-based binder, and a rubber-based dispersant, and the ratio of the weight P2 of the fluorine contained in the second positive electrode active material layer to the weight P1 of the fluorine contained in the first positive electrode active material layer (P2/P1) is 1 or less.
- the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is in the range of 17% to 99% of the total weight (A + B) of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer, the current collector and the first positive electrode active material layer
- the present invention was developed after discovering that the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode active material layers was excellent and that detachment of the positive active material layer was suppressed due to improved flexibility.
- the positive electrode according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention has a structure in which the positive electrode active material layer is in direct contact with the positive electrode current collector, and due to excellent interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer and the positive current collector are connected to each other. It may not include a separate layer to improve adhesion. That is, the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention does not include a separate layer such as a binder layer or an adhesive layer or a bonding layer or a primer coating layer that can be interposed between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer to improve adhesion. Even without it, excellent interfacial adhesion can be achieved.
- the positive electrode of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector, a first positive electrode active material layer formed on the current collector; And it may include a second positive electrode active material layer formed on the first positive electrode active material layer.
- the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive active material layer may be formed on one or both sides of the current collector.
- the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is preferably 17% to 99% of the total weight (A + B) of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer. It may range from 20% to 85%, more preferably from 25% to 75%.
- the weight ratio (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer satisfies the above range, it can have the adhesive force required for the positive electrode and exhibit appropriate flexibility to prevent detachment of the positive active material layer due to physical external force.
- the positive electrode current collector can be any conductive material without causing chemical changes in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the current collector may be stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- the positive electrode current collector may have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector to increase adhesion to the positive electrode active material layer.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer may include each positive electrode active material. Additionally, the first and second positive electrode active material layers may further include a conductive material, binder, and dispersant as needed in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the present invention includes lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material. Because lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure is maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. As a result, when lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode active material, the high temperature stability and high temperature lifespan characteristics of the positive electrode are significantly improved, thereby reducing the risk of ignition of a lithium secondary battery containing the positive electrode.
- the lithium iron phosphate may be a compound of formula 1 below.
- M includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn and Y.
- X includes any one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, S, and N, and a, b, ⁇ 0.5.
- the lithium iron phosphate may be LiFePO 4 .
- 'monolith structure' refers to a structure in which particles exist as an independent phase without mutual agglomeration in terms of morphology.
- a particle structure that contrasts with this monolithic structure is a structure in which small-sized particles ('primary particles') are physically and/or chemically aggregated to form relatively large-sized particles ('secondary particles'). You can.
- lithium iron phosphate has a monolithic structure composed of primary particles
- the possibility of cracking of lithium iron phosphate particles during the rolling process is low compared to the case of secondary particles, so the capacity reduction due to detachment of broken particles is small, which is preferable.
- lithium iron phosphate is a primary particle with a monolithic structure
- migration of the binder can be alleviated during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry, which can be desirable in terms of interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer. there is.
- Lithium iron phosphate may include a carbon coating layer on its surface. When a carbon coating layer is formed on the surface of lithium iron phosphate, electrical conductivity is improved and the resistance characteristics of the positive electrode can be improved.
- the carbon coating layer is made of glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, oligosaccharide, polyoligosaccharide, fructose, cellulose, polymer of furfuryl alcohol, block copolymer of ethylene and ethylene oxide, vinyl resin, cellulose resin, phenolic resin, and pitch. It may be formed using at least one raw material selected from the group consisting of resins and tar-based resins. Specifically, the carbon coating layer may be formed through a process of mixing the raw materials with the lithium iron phosphate and then heat treating them.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of lithium iron phosphate is 0.5 ⁇ m to 20.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m, most preferably 0.7 ⁇ m. It may be from 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the positive electrode active material satisfies the above range, the mobility of lithium in lithium iron phosphate is improved, and the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- the BET specific surface area of lithium iron phosphate may be 5 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g, specifically 7 m 2 /g to 18 m 2 /g, more specifically 9 m 2 /g to 16 m 2 /g. there is.
- the above range corresponds to a lower value compared to conventional lithium iron phosphate. When the above range is satisfied, aggregation of the lithium iron phosphate can be effectively suppressed even in a positive electrode slurry composition with a relatively small dispersant content.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may include first lithium iron phosphate and second lithium iron phosphate having different average particle diameters (D 50 ) in the first positive electrode active material layer.
- the lithium iron phosphate included in the first positive electrode active material layer includes a first lithium iron phosphate having an average particle diameter D 50 in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m and a second lithium iron phosphate having an average particle diameter D 50 in the range of 3.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. May contain lithium iron phosphate.
- the binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer tends to adhere to the lithium iron phosphate rather than the current collector at the interface between the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer. This phenomenon becomes more severe as the specific surface area of the lithium iron phosphate particles increases. You can. Therefore, when a second lithium iron phosphate having a large average particle diameter D 50 and a small specific surface area is included in the first positive electrode active material layer that is in contact with the positive electrode current collector, the total specific surface area of lithium iron phosphate to which the binder can be bonded is reduced. , the interfacial adhesion between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer can be dramatically improved.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the first lithium iron phosphate may be 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, preferably 0.55 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m to 1.6 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the secondary lithium iron phosphate may be 3.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 3.8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate and the second lithium iron phosphate may be 50:50 to 99.9:0.1, preferably 55:45 to 95:5, and more preferably 6. :4 to 9:1.
- the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate and the second lithium iron phosphate satisfies the above range, the effect of improving adhesion is excellent and the electrical performance of the positive electrode is excellent. If too much secondary lithium iron phosphate with a relatively large average particle diameter is included, the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry may rapidly increase and rolling performance may deteriorate, which is not desirable.
- the first lithium iron phosphate may be a primary particle
- the second lithium iron phosphate may be a primary particle or a secondary particle.
- the lithium iron phosphate included in the second positive electrode active material layer has an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.5 ⁇ m to 20.0 ⁇ m; 0.5 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m; 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m; 0.55 ⁇ m to 1.8 ⁇ m; 0.6 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m; 0.6 ⁇ m to 2.5 ⁇ m; 0.6 ⁇ m to 1.6 ⁇ m; It may be 0.7 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the second positive electrode active material layer functions to improve the flexibility of the positive electrode, and the smaller the average particle size of the lithium iron phosphate included in the second positive electrode active material layer, the more desirable it is in terms of flexibility of the positive electrode.
- the lithium iron phosphate of the present invention may be included in the same amount or different amounts in the first and second positive electrode active material layers.
- the lithium iron phosphate is contained in the first positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 93.5 to 98% by weight, specifically 94 to 97.5% by weight, specifically 94.5 to 97% by weight, based on the total weight of the first positive electrode active material layer. may be included.
- lithium iron phosphate may be included in the second positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 94 to 99% by weight, specifically 94.5 to 98.5% by weight, and specifically 95 to 98% by weight, based on the total weight of the second positive electrode active material layer. there is.
- the first and second positive electrode active material layers constituting the positive electrode according to the present invention each include both a fluorine-based binder and a rubber-based binder as binders.
- the fluorine-based binder may include a PVDF-based polymer containing vinylidene fluoride (VDF) as a monomer.
- PVDF-based polymer include PVDF single polymer, PVD-HFP (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)), PVDF-phase CTFE (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)), PVDF-TFE (Poly(vinylidene fluoride) tetrafluoroethylene)), PVDF-TrFE (Poly(vinylidene trifluoroethylene)), etc.
- the fluorine-based binder together with the rubber-based binder, provides adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the fluorine-based binder may be 300,000 to 2,000,000, preferably 400,000 to 1,500,000, and most preferably 500,000 to 1,300,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the fluorine-based binders included in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers are the same compound, and their weight average molecular weight and chemical formula may be the same.
- the content (% by weight) of the fluorine-based binder included in the lower first positive electrode active material layer is the content (% by weight) of the fluorine-based binder included in the upper second positive electrode active material layer.
- the ratio of the weight P2 of the fluorine contained in the second positive electrode active material layer to the weight P1 of the fluorine contained in the first positive electrode active material layer (P2/P1) is 1 or less, and specifically 0.5 to 0.5. 1, preferably 0.52 to 0.95, more preferably 0.53 to 0.85. If the ratio of P2 to P1 (P2/P1) exceeds 1, it is undesirable in terms of adhesive strength.
- weight P1 of fluorine contained in the first positive electrode active material layer and the weight P2 of fluorine contained in the second positive electrode active material layer satisfy the above ratio range is due to the difference in the content of the fluorine-based binder contained in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers. It is according to.
- the fluorine-based binder contains a fluorine element, but the lithium iron phosphate, rubber-based binder, rubber-based dispersant, and conductive material that constitute the positive electrode of the present invention do not contain a fluorine component, so the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material
- the weight of fluorine contained in each layer is proportional to the content (weight) of the fluorine-based binder contained in each of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer.
- Fluorine-based binders have the advantage of showing very excellent adhesion, but because they have a crystalline structure, they are inferior in flexibility compared to rubber-based binders. Therefore, if the content of the fluorine-based binder with excellent adhesion is increased in the first positive electrode active material layer that faces the positive electrode current collector, and the content of the fluorine-based binder is reduced in the second positive electrode active material layer that requires flexibility, the interfacial adhesion of the positive electrode is improved. , It has the effect of preventing the electrode from being detached from the surface of the electrode in the event of external impact. As such, the positive electrode according to the present invention has better adhesion even with the same binder content compared to the positive electrode composed of a single layer by controlling the content of the fluorine-based binder included in the first and second positive electrode active material layers as described above.
- the fluorine-based binder is contained in the first positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 1.5% to 3.0% by weight, preferably 1.6% to 2.7% by weight, more preferably 1.7% to 2.5% by weight. It can be included as a %. Additionally, the fluorine-based binder may be included in the second positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 0.8 wt% to 2.4 wt%, preferably 1.0 wt% to 2.2 wt%, and more preferably 1.2 wt% to 2.0 wt%.
- the fluorine-based binder is contained in an amount of 1.2% by weight to 2.6% by weight, preferably 1.4% by weight to 2.4% by weight, more preferably. It may be included in 1.6% by weight to 2.2% by weight.
- the rubber-based binder improves the flexibility of the anode, increases the loading amount of the anode, and improves rolling performance.
- detachment of part of the positive electrode active material layer is prevented, thereby providing a positive electrode with excellent capacity.
- the rubber-based binder may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR).
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
- the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber may have a repeating unit content derived from acrylonitrile (AN) of 20% to 50% by weight, more preferably 25% to 45% by weight, most preferably, based on the total weight. Specifically, it may be 30% by weight to 40% by weight.
- AN acrylonitrile
- the inventors of the present invention found that when the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) is 130,000 g/mol or more, the brittleness of the positive electrode containing lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material is dramatically improved. and completed the present invention.
- the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 130,000 g/mol or more, preferably 150,000 g/mol to 1,000,000 g/mol, and more preferably 200,000 g/mol to 500,000 g/mol.
- the rolling density of the positive electrode can be increased due to the improved flexibility of the positive electrode active material layer, and the higher rolling density has the effect of lowering the positive electrode resistance. You can.
- the rubber-based binders included in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers are the same compound, and their weight average molecular weight and chemical formula may be the same.
- the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers may satisfy Condition 1 below.
- the value of R2/R1 below may be preferably 1 to 2.9, more preferably 1.1 to 2.8.
- R1 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder included in the first positive electrode active material layer
- R2 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder included in the second positive electrode active material layer.
- the coating performance may deteriorate due to an increase in the viscosity of the slurry for the second positive electrode active material layer as a result of excessively large amounts of rubber-based binder being included in the second positive electrode active material layer, which is not desirable. Conversely, if it is less than 1, less rubber-based binder is included in the second positive electrode active material layer, which is not preferable because the flexibility of the entire positive electrode may decrease.
- the rubber-based binder is contained in the first positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 0.2% to 0.9% by weight, preferably 0.3% to 0.8% by weight, more preferably 0.4% to 0.7% by weight. may be included.
- the rubber-based binder may be included in the second positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 0.3% by weight to 1.0% by weight, preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.9% by weight, and more preferably 0.5% by weight to 0.8% by weight.
- the rubber-based binder may be included in the entire first and second positive electrode active material layers in an amount of 0.25% by weight to 0.85% by weight, preferably 0.35% by weight to 0.75% by weight, and more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.65% by weight. .
- the weight ratio of the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder may be 90:10 to 75:25, preferably 8:1 to 4:1, and more preferably 7:1. It may be to 4:1.
- the coating stability of the slurry can be excellent, and the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the first positive electrode active material layer can be excellent.
- the weight ratio of the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder may be 80:20 to 60:40, and preferably 75:25 to 60:40.
- the coating stability of the slurry can be excellent and the flexibility of the anode can be excellent.
- the total of the fluorine-based binder and the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers may be 1.8% by weight to 3.6% by weight based on the entire positive electrode active material layer.
- the first and second positive electrode active material layers constituting the positive electrode according to the present invention each contain a rubber-based dispersant.
- a dispersant is used to increase the dispersibility of the components of the active material layer. In particular, it increases the dispersibility of the conductive material. Meanwhile, the rubber-based dispersant of the present invention also serves to adjust the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry to an appropriate range.
- the rubber-based dispersant of the present invention may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR).
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
- the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, preferably 10,000 g/mol to 80,000 g/mol, more preferably 10,000 g/mol to 50,000 g/mol. It can be.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the weight average molecular weight of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, which is a dispersant satisfies the above range, solvent wetting and dispersibility of lithium iron phosphate particles can be improved, thereby suppressing particle aggregation of lithium iron phosphate particles.
- by effectively mixing the binder and lithium iron phosphate particles it can contribute to improving the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the first positive electrode active material layer.
- hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber improves the anode conductive network by suppressing the agglomeration of the conductive material, and even if the conductive material is aggregated, it aggregates into a spherical shape instead of linearly, so compared to the case where the conductive material is linearly aggregated, the agglomerated conductive material Minimize specific surface area. As a result, the surface area of the positive electrode active material that cannot participate in the lithium insertion/desorption reaction adjacent to the aggregated conductive material is minimized, which has the effect of lowering the discharge resistance of the lithium secondary battery.
- the dispersant may be included in the first positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 0.7% by weight, preferably 0.05% by weight to 0.6% by weight, and more preferably 0.1% by weight to 0.5% by weight. Additionally, the dispersant may be included within the above range within the second positive electrode active material layer. When the content of the dispersant satisfies the above range, gelation of the positive electrode slurry composition can be prevented by suppressing aggregation of the positive electrode active material.
- the first and second positive electrode active material layers constituting the positive electrode according to the present invention each include a conductive material.
- the conductive material is intended to improve the conductivity of the electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- graphite such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon black are preferred as conductive materials of the present invention, and carbon nanotubes are most preferred.
- the conductive network of carbon nanotubes is most preferable as a conductive material included in the positive electrode of the present invention because it can alleviate the lifting phenomenon of the binder during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry.
- Carbon nanotubes have a graphite sheet in the form of a cylinder with a nano-sized diameter and an sp2 bond structure, and exhibit conductor or semiconductor characteristics depending on the angle and structure at which the graphite sheet is rolled.
- Carbon nanotubes can be classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) depending on the number of bonds forming the wall, and these carbon nanotubes are used as dispersions. It can be appropriately selected depending on the intended use.
- the carbon nanotubes may have a secondary shape formed by aggregating or arranging a plurality of carbon nanotubes, for example, a bundle in which a plurality of carbon nanotubes are arranged or aligned side by side in a certain direction.
- it may be a bundle type carbon nanotube in the form of a rope or an entangled type carbon nanotube in the shape of a sphere or potato where a plurality of carbon nanotubes are entangled without a certain direction.
- it is more preferable that the carbon nanotubes are bundled carbon nanotubes.
- the BET specific surface area of the carbon nanotube is 100 m2/g to 1000 m2/g, 150 m2/g to 800 m2/g, 150 m2/g to 500 m2/g, 150 m2/g to 300 m2/g, or It may be 150 m2/g to 200 m2/g.
- the conductive material is a carbon nanotube
- the conductive material is added to each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers in an amount of 0.3% to 2.0% by weight, 0.6% to 1.5% by weight, more specifically 0.7% to 1.3% by weight. May be included. If the content of the conductive material is less than 0.3% by weight, the binder lifting phenomenon may become more severe when drying the electrode, which is not desirable. If the content of the conductive material is more than 2.0% by weight, the content of the dispersant increases as a result, This is undesirable because the content of the positive electrode active material may be reduced.
- the conductive material may be included in the first and second positive electrode active material layers in the same amount or may be included in different amounts. When the contents of the conductive material included in the first and second positive electrode active material layers are different from each other, Condition 2 below is satisfied. You can.
- E1 represents the linear conductive material content (% by weight) contained in the first active material layer
- E2 represents the linear conductive material content (% by weight) contained in the second active material layer.
- the content of the conductive material in the first positive electrode active material layer in contact with the positive electrode current collector is greater than the content of the conductive material in the second positive electrode active material layer, so that a conductive network formed by the conductive material in the first positive electrode active material layer is formed. is well formed, and this conductive network suppresses the binder migration phenomenon and improves the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the first positive electrode active material layer.
- improved interfacial adhesion can suppress volume changes during charging and discharging, thereby lowering the interfacial resistance of the positive electrode and improving the resistance characteristics of the positive electrode.
- the conductive material may be included in the first positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 1.0% to 1.5% by weight, preferably 1.1% to 1.4% by weight. Additionally, the conductive material may be included in the second positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 0.4% to 0.95% by weight, preferably 0.6 to 0.90% by weight.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method. Specifically, the positive electrode can be manufactured by preparing a positive electrode slurry composition containing the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and dispersant, then applying the positive electrode slurry composition on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling. .
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the positive electrode slurry composition on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from this support onto the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode has a porosity calculated by Equation 1 below in the range of 26% to 34%, preferably in the range of 26.5% to 33%, more preferably in the range of 27% to 30%. It may have a porosity in the % range.
- Equation 1 When the porosity of the anode satisfies the above range, both the flexibility and resistance characteristics of the anode may be excellent.
- Porosity ⁇ 1- (measured density of positive electrode active material layer / true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the porosity refers to the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer including both the first and second positive electrode active material layers.
- the “measured density of the positive electrode active material layer” is a value calculated as a density by measuring the weight and volume of the positive electrode active material layer separated from the positive electrode current collector of the rolled positive electrode, and the “true density of the positive electrode active material” is the pore This is the density relative to the volume of the positive active material particles themselves, excluding , and can be measured using a Pycnometer (AccuPycII 1340).
- the porosity can be adjusted to the above numerical range by appropriately adjusting the rate of change in the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer before and after rolling during the rolling process during the manufacturing process of the positive electrode. Specifically, as the thickness change rate before/after rolling increases, the porosity may decrease. Conversely, as the thickness change rate before/after rolling decreases, the porosity of the positive active material layer may increase.
- the thickness change rate can be calculated as follows.
- Thickness change rate (Thickness of the positive electrode active material layer before rolling - Thickness of the positive active material layer after rolling)/Thickness of the positive active material layer before rolling
- the thickness change rate can be adjusted by the linear pressure applied to the anode during the anode rolling process. That is, the greater the linear pressure, the greater the rate of change in thickness before/after rolling, and the smaller the linear pressure, the smaller the rate of change in thickness before/after rolling.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first positive electrode active material layer that maximizes adhesion and a second positive electrode active material layer that maximizes flexibility, and thus is an excellent positive electrode even with a low binder content compared to a conventional single-layer positive electrode. It can have adhesion and flexibility.
- the positive electrode of the present invention may have an adhesive force between the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer measured through a 90° peel test of 20 gf/20mm or more, specifically 25gf/20mm or more.
- the positive electrode of the present invention has a maximum pi ( ⁇ ) value of the measuring rod at which cracks occur is 5 pi ( ⁇ ) or less when testing the flexibility of lifting the positive electrode after contacting a measuring rod for each pi on the positive electrode active material layer.
- it may have a flexibility of 4 pi ( ⁇ ) or less, and more specifically, 3 pi ( ⁇ ) or less.
- a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is as described above.
- the positive electrode is a positive electrode current collector; A first positive electrode active material layer formed on one or both sides of the positive electrode current collector; a second positive electrode active material layer formed on the first positive electrode active material layer; and the first and second positive electrode active material layers each include lithium iron phosphate, a conductive material, a fluorine-based binder, a rubber-based binder, and a rubber-based dispersant, and the second positive electrode active material relative to the weight P1 of fluorine contained in the first positive electrode active material layer.
- the ratio (P2/P1) of the weight of fluorine contained in the layer is 1 or less, and the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is the total weight of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer (A+ B) ranges from 17% to 99%.
- the rubber-based binder may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 130,000 g/mol or more.
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the rubber-based dispersant may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 10,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol.
- HNBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the rubber-based binder included in each of the first and second positive electrode active material layers may satisfy Condition 1 below.
- R1 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder included in the first positive electrode active material layer
- R2 represents the content (% by weight) of the rubber-based binder included in the second positive electrode active material layer.
- lithium iron phosphate, fluorine-based binder, rubber-based binder, and rubber-based dispersant included in the first and second positive electrode active material layers have been described in detail above, redundant description will be omitted.
- the negative electrode can be manufactured, for example, by preparing a composition for forming a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode conductive material on a negative electrode current collector and then applying it on the negative electrode current collector.
- the anode active material is not particularly limited, and usually a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium can be used.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, and highly crystalline carbon; Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy; Alternatively, a composite containing a metallic compound and a carbonaceous material may be mentioned.
- low-crystalline carbon includes soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and liquid crystalline carbon.
- Examples include high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes. .
- high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used, and a thin film of metallic lithium may also be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the anode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions in the battery being constructed as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the anode conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the anode active material layer.
- the negative electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the negative electrode binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the separator can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these.
- a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- the separator may be a porous thin film having a pore diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt commonly used in electrolytes, but is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate Carbonate-based solvents such as PC) may be used.
- DMC dimethylcarbonate
- DEC diethylcarbonate
- MEC methylethylcarbonate
- EMC ethylmethylcarbonate
- EC
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charging and discharging performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the lithium salt is preferably contained in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.6 mol% to 2 mol%.
- the electrolyte contains, for example, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n, for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- pyridine triethylphosphite
- triethanolamine triethanolamine
- cyclic ether ethylene diamine
- n for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- additives such as methoxyethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode assembly, and placing the electrode assembly in a cylindrical battery case or a square battery case and then injecting electrolyte. Alternatively, it may be manufactured by stacking the electrode assembly, impregnating it with an electrolyte, and sealing the resulting product in a battery case.
- the electrode assembly is dried and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, ethanol, propylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- acetone ethanol
- propylene carbonate ethylmethyl carbonate
- ethylene carbonate ethylene carbonate
- dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- One or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of can be removed. If an electrolyte having the same composition as the organic solvent used in manufacturing the positive electrode is used as the electrolyte, the process of drying the electrode assembly can be omitted.
- the lithium secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention may be an all-solid-state battery.
- the battery case may be one commonly used in the field, and there is no limitation on the appearance depending on the purpose of the battery, for example, a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape. It can be etc.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and capacity retention rate, it is widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, energy storage systems (ESS), and hybrid electricity. It is useful in the field of electric vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
- HEV hybrid electric vehicles
- a dispersion containing carbon nanotubes (CNT, BET specific surface area; 250 m2/g) as a conductive material and hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 30,000 g/mol as a rubber-based dispersant was prepared.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 310,000 g/mol and the above dispersion were added to N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent and mixed at 2500 rpm for 90 minutes using Homo-disperse to form the first
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, fluorine-based binder, rubber-based binder, and rubber-based dispersant were present in a weight ratio of 96:1.0:2.2:0.5:0.3. Additionally, the solid content of the first positive electrode slurry was 62 wt%.
- the weight ratio of lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, fluorine-based binder, rubber-based binder, and rubber-based dispersant was changed to 96.8: 1.0: 1.4: 0.5: 0.3, and was the same as the method of producing the first positive electrode slurry. Using this method, a second positive electrode slurry was prepared. Additionally, the solid content of the second positive electrode slurry was 67 wt%.
- the first anode slurry is coated at a loading amount of 450mg/25cm2 and the second anode slurry is 150mg/25cm2 on aluminum foil, and the second anode slurry is layered on the first anode slurry. It was coated as much as possible.
- the positive electrode slurry was dried with hot air at 130°C for 5 minutes so that the solid content was 99.0% by weight or more.
- a positive electrode was manufactured by rolling the positive active material layer so that the porosity of the positive active material layer was 29%.
- the porosity refers to the porosity calculated by Equation 1 below.
- Porosity ⁇ 1- (measured density of positive electrode active material layer / true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm2 and the second positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm2.
- the positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 150 mg/25 cm2 and the second positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 450 mg/25 cm2.
- LiFePO 4 is a primary particle with an average particle diameter of 1.1 ⁇ m as the first lithium iron phosphate
- LiFePO 4 is a primary particle with a monolithic structure, and secondary particles with an average particle diameter D 50 of 7 ⁇ m as the second lithium iron phosphate.
- Example 1 except that LiFePO 4 was used in a ratio of 70:30, and when manufacturing the positive electrode, the first positive electrode slurry was coated with a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm 2 and the second positive electrode slurry was coated with a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm 2. The anode was manufactured in the same manner as above.
- LiFePO 4 When producing the first positive electrode slurry, LiFePO 4 , a primary particle of lithium iron phosphate with an average particle diameter D 50 of 1.1 ⁇ m and a monolithic structure, and LiFePO 4 , a secondary particle with an average particle diameter D 50 of 7 ⁇ m, were used in a ratio of 50:50.
- the positive electrode When manufacturing the positive electrode, the positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first positive electrode slurry was coated with a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm 2 and the second positive electrode slurry was coated with a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm 2.
- the weight ratio of lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, fluorine-based binder, rubber-based binder, and rubber-based dispersant was changed as shown in Table 1, and when manufacturing the positive electrode, the first positive electrode slurry was adjusted to 300 mg/25. cm2, a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm2.
- the first positive electrode slurry prepared in Example 1 was coated at a loading amount of 600 mg/25 cm2.
- the second positive electrode slurry prepared in Example 1 was coated at a loading amount of 600 mg/25 cm2.
- the weight ratio of lithium iron phosphate, conductive material, fluorine-based binder, rubber-based binder, and rubber-based dispersant was changed as shown in Table 1, and when manufacturing the positive electrode, the first positive electrode slurry was adjusted to 300 mg/25. cm2, a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the second positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 300 mg/25 cm2.
- the positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 60 mg/25 cm2 and the second positive electrode slurry was coated at a loading amount of 540 mg/25 cm2.
- the positive electrodes manufactured in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were cut to 150 mm and 20 mm wide, and the anode surface was placed on a slide glass with a length of 75 mm and a width of 25 mm. It was attached using double-sided tape in each direction. That is, the slide glass was attached to an area corresponding to half of the longitudinal direction of the anode. Then, an evaluation sample was prepared by rubbing the roller 10 times so that the double-sided tape was uniformly attached.
- the slide glass part of the evaluation sample was fixed to the sample stage of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (product name: LS5, manufacturer: LLOYD), and the anode half without the slide glass attached was placed in the load cell of the UTM equipment. Connected.
- the load cell was moved up to 50 mm by applying force at 90° at a speed of 100 mm/min and the load applied to the load cell was measured.
- the average value of the load measured in the 20 mm to 40 mm section of the driving section was calculated, and this was repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value was evaluated as the anode adhesive force (gf/20mm) of each sample.
- the positive electrodes manufactured in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were cut into 10 cm wide and 30 cm long, and were cut into 2.5 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 6 ⁇ , and 7 ⁇ .
- After preparing measuring rods with diameters of 8 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , and 10 ⁇ bend each cut positive electrode in half with the positive electrode current collector surface of each cut positive electrode facing the measuring rod, Lift both ends of the anode at a rate of 10 mm per minute. At this time, lift until the force measured in UTM reaches 5N. Measure each pie and observe through an optical microscope whether cracks appear in the electrode. If there are no cracks, the test is conducted with a smaller pie. Accordingly, the diameter ( ⁇ ) of the measuring rod where cracks occur is shown in Table 2.
- the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer were each scraped off to collect 100 mg samples, and then the weight of fluorine contained in each sample was measured using a combustion reaction technique. was measured, and the ratio of the weight P2 of the fluorine contained in the second positive electrode active material layer to the weight P1 of the fluorine contained in the first positive electrode active material layer was calculated (P2/P1), and the results are shown in Table 2.
- the absorbent liquid for gas collection is a 1 L solution containing 2.52 g NaHCO 3 and 2.52 g Na 2 CO 3 , and when fluorine ions are absorbed or dissolved in the absorbent liquid for gas collection, the fluorine weight of each sample is determined using ion chromatography. was measured. Ion chromatography column and analysis conditions are as follows.
- the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 1 is composed of a single-layer positive electrode having the composition of the first positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrodes according to Examples 1 to 3, and does not include a second positive electrode active material layer. Compared to the positive electrodes according to these examples, flexibility was found to be much inferior.
- the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 2 was composed of a single-layer positive electrode having the composition of each second positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrodes according to Examples 1 to 3, As the first positive electrode active material layer was not included, the adhesive strength was found to be much inferior compared to the positive electrode according to the above examples.
- the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 4 which does not contain a rubber binder, was found to have lower flexibility compared to the positive electrodes of each of the Examples.
- the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is 10% of the total weight (A + B) of the first and second positive electrode active material layers.
- the adhesion of the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 5 was found to be the lowest, and the positive electrode according to Example 1, which had the largest weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material layer at 75%, was found to be the best. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to increase the weight ratio of the first positive electrode active material layer to increase the adhesive force, and to secure the minimum adhesive force, the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is and the total weight (A+B) of the second positive electrode active material layer.
- the ratio of the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer to the total weight (A + B) of the first and second positive electrode active material layers It can be seen that the smaller this is, the more advantageous it is for flexibility.
- the weight (A) of the first positive electrode active material layer is equal to the total weight (A + B) of the first and second positive electrode active material layers. It seems preferable that it is 25% to 75%.
- the positive electrode active material in the first positive electrode active material layer, includes first lithium iron phosphate with an average particle diameter D 50 of 1.1 ⁇ m and second lithium iron phosphate with an average particle diameter D 50 of 7 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode according to Example 2 was found to have much better adhesion compared to the positive electrode according to Example 2. From this, it is expected that when the particle size of the positive electrode active material in the first positive electrode active material layer facing the current collector is controlled in a bimodal form, the effect of improving adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the active material layer will be maximized.
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Abstract
Description
| 리튬 인산철 | 도전재 | 바인더 | 분산제 | 슬러리 | ||||
| 제1 리튬 인산철:제2 리튬 인산철 |
리튬 인산철
(중량%) |
탄소나노
튜브 (중량%) |
PVdF
(중량%) |
HNBR
(중량%) |
HNBR
(중량%) |
로딩량
(mg/25㎠) |
||
| 실시예 1 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 150 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 450 | |
| 실시예 2 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 300 | |
| 실시예 3 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 450 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 150 | |
| 실시예 4 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 70:30 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 300 | |
| 실시예 5 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 50:50 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 300 | |
| 실시예 6 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 95.99 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.65 | 0.36 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 95.74 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.36 | 300 | |
| 실시예 7 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.3 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.72 | 0.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 300 | |
| 비교예 1 | 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 600 |
| 비교예 2 | 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 600 |
| 비교예 3 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.26 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.24 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.44 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.36 | 300 | |
| 비교예 4 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.44 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0 | 0.24 | 300 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.26 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 300 | |
| 비교예 5 | 제2 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 540 |
| 제1 양극 슬러리 | 100:0 | 96 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 60 | |
| P2/P1 |
접착력
(gf/20mm) |
유연성
(ø) |
|
| 실시예 1 | 0.64 | 47 | 3 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.64 | 41 | 2.5 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.64 | 28 | 2.5 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.64 | 60 | 3 |
| 실시예 5 | 0.64 | 71 | 3 |
| 실시예 6 | 0.82 | 56 | 2.5 |
| 실시예 7 | 0.82 | 41 | 3 |
| 비교예 1 | - | 50 | 5 |
| 비교예 2 | - | 15 | 2.5 |
| 비교예 3 | 1.57 | 12.6 | 3 |
| 비교예 4 | 0.74 | 44 | 10 초과 |
| 비교예 5 | 0.64 | 19 | 2.5 |
Claims (18)
- 양극 집전체;양극 집전체의 일면 또는 양면에 형성된 제1 양극 활물질층;제1 양극 활물질층 상에 형성된 제2 양극 활물질층; 을 포함하고,제1,2 양극 활물질층은 각각 리튬 인산철, 도전재, 불소계 바인더, 고무계 바인더 및 고무계 분산제를 포함하고,제1 양극 활물질층 내에 포함된 불소의 중량 P1에 대한 제2 양극 활물질층 내에 포함된 불소의 중량 P2의 비율(P2/P1)은 1 이하이며,제1 양극 활물질층의 중량(A)는, 제1 양극 활물질층의 및 제2 양극 활물질층의 합계 중량(A+B)의 17% 내지 99%의 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,제1 양극 활물질층의 중량(A)는, 제1 양극 활물질층의 및 제2 양극 활물질층의 합계 중량(A+B)의 20% 내지 85%의 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 고무계 바인더 및 고무계 분산제는 각각 수소화 니트릴 부타디엔 고무(HNBR)인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 고무계 바인더는, 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 130,000 g/mol 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 고무계 바인더는, 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 150,000 g/mol 내지 1,000,000 g/mol 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 고무계 분산제는, 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 10,000 g/mol 내지 100,000 g/mol 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,제1 양극 활물질층 중에 포함된 리튬 인산철은, 평균 입경 D50이 0.5㎛ 내지 2㎛인 제1 리튬 인산철 및 평균 입경 D50이 3.5㎛ 내지 15㎛인 제2 리튬 인산철로 이루어진 양극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,제1 리튬 인산철 및 제2 리튬 인산철의 중량비는 50:50 내지 99.9: 0.1인 양극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,제2 양극 활물질층 중에 포함된 리튬 인산철의 평균 입경 D50은 0.6㎛ 내지 3.0㎛ 인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 인산철은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물인 양극.[화학식 1]Li1+aFe1-xMx(PO4-b)Xb(상기 화학식 1에서, M은 Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn 및 Y 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하고, X는 F, S 및 N 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 원소를 포함하며, 그리고, a, b, x는 각각 -0.5≤a≤0.5, 0≤b≤0.1, 0≤x≤0.5이다)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 불소계 바인더는 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(PVdF)계 고분자 바인더인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,불소계 바인더는, 제1 양극 활물질층 내에 1.5 중량% 내지 3.0 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,불소계 바인더는, 제2 양극 활물질층 내에 0.8 중량% 내지 2.4 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,제1 및 제2 양극 활물질층에 각 포함된 고무계 바인더는, 하기 조건 1을 만족하는 양극.[조건 1]1≤R2/R1≤3R1은 제1 양극 활물질층에 포함된 고무계 바인더의 함량(중량%)을 나타내고, R2는 제2 양극 활물질층에 포함된 고무계 바인더의 함량(중량%)을 나타낸다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,고무계 바인더는,제1 양극 활물질층 내에 0.2 중량% 내지 0.9 중량% 범위로 포함되고,제2 양극 활물질층 내에 0.3 중량% 내지 1.0 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,도전재는 탄소나노튜브인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,도전재는 제1,2 양극 활물질층 각각에, 0.3 중량% 내지 2.0 중량% 범위로 포함되는 양극.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 17 중 어느 하나의 청구항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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| EP23904051.2A EP4535456A4 (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-12-15 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE AND SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING THESE |
| US18/881,357 US20260005248A1 (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-12-15 | Positive Electrode and Lithium Secondary Battery Comprising Same |
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| KR20240095060A (ko) | 2024-06-25 |
| KR102798640B1 (ko) | 2025-04-23 |
| US20260005248A1 (en) | 2026-01-01 |
| EP4535456A4 (en) | 2026-03-11 |
| JP2025522200A (ja) | 2025-07-11 |
| CN119487647A (zh) | 2025-02-18 |
| EP4535456A1 (en) | 2025-04-09 |
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