WO2024128866A1 - 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극 - Google Patents
양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024128866A1 WO2024128866A1 PCT/KR2023/020783 KR2023020783W WO2024128866A1 WO 2024128866 A1 WO2024128866 A1 WO 2024128866A1 KR 2023020783 W KR2023020783 W KR 2023020783W WO 2024128866 A1 WO2024128866 A1 WO 2024128866A1
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
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- metal oxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode containing the same.
- lithium secondary batteries which have high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate, have been commercialized and are widely used. Additionally, with recent technological developments such as electric vehicles, demand for high-capacity secondary batteries is increasing.
- single particles or quasi-single particles can be used.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles or quasi-single particles the contact interface with the electrolyte is reduced, so the lithium ion diffusion path is longer than that of the positive active material in the form of conventional secondary particles, and the formation of a surface rock salt structure due to hyperactivity, etc.
- lithium secondary batteries were conventionally manufactured by mixing small-diameter single particles and secondary particles in a bimodal manner.
- a bimodal positive electrode active material is applied in this way, there is a problem in that the breakage of secondary particles, which have relatively weak strength, increases and side reactions with the electrolyte increase.
- the present invention seeks to provide a high-nickel positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle that has excellent lifespan characteristics and other characteristics such as capacity and output characteristics, and a secondary battery to which the same is applied.
- the inventors of the present invention have appropriately determined the D 50 of the positive electrode active material, the average particle diameter of the nodule, and the content of Co contained in the coating layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material in a high-nickel positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle. It was found that the above purpose could be achieved by adjusting the ratio.
- a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide having a Ni content of 80 atm% or more among transition metals excluding lithium and in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle; and a coating layer located on the surface of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide and containing cobalt, and providing a positive electrode active material that satisfies the following formula 1.
- Equation 1 D is 50 ( ⁇ m), and Z is 5 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material.
- the present invention provides surface resistance by adjusting the D 50 of the positive electrode active material, the average particle diameter of the nodule, and the content of Co contained in the coating layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material at an appropriate ratio in a high-nickel positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle. Even though it is small, it has the effect of reducing the occurrence of cracks.
- the inventors of the present invention found that the interfacial resistance of the positive electrode active material can be minimized only when the number of internal nodules and the amount of cobalt coating per positive electrode active material particle are adjusted to a range that satisfies a specific equation.
- a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material of the present invention has improved lifespan characteristics during cycling, low resistance, and excellent output characteristics.
- a “single particle” is a particle consisting of one single nodule.
- “quasi-single particle” refers to a particle that is a composite formed of 10 or less nodules.
- nodule refers to a particle unit body constituting a single particle and a quasi-single particle, and the nodule is a single crystal lacking a crystalline grain boundary, or When observed at a field of view of 5,000 to 20,000 times using an electron microscope (SEM), it may be a polycrystal with no apparent grain boundaries.
- SEM electron microscope
- secondary particles refer to particles formed by agglomerating tens to hundreds of primary particles. More specifically, secondary particles are aggregates of 40 or more primary particles.
- particle used in the present invention may include any or all of single particles, quasi-single particles, primary particles, nodules, and secondary particles.
- Dn of the positive electrode active material refers to the particle size at the n% point of the volume cumulative distribution according to particle size. That is, D 50 is the particle size at 50% of the volume cumulative distribution according to particle size, D 90 is the particle size at 90% of the volume cumulative distribution according to particle size, and D 10 is 10% of the volume cumulative distribution according to particle size. This is the entrance diameter at the point.
- the Dn can be measured using a laser diffraction method.
- D 10 , D 50 and D 90 can be measured by calculating the particle diameter at 10%, 50% and 90% of the volume cumulative distribution according to the particle size in the measuring device.
- nodule refers to the smallest particle unit that can be distinguished as one lump when observing the cross section of the positive electrode active material through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It may be composed of a single crystal grain, or may be composed of a plurality of crystal grains. It may be done as follows. The average particle diameter of the nodule can be measured by measuring the size of each particle distinguished from a cross-sectional SEM image of the positive active material particle and then calculating the arithmetic average value thereof.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- “average grain size” was measured by analyzing XRD data obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis of positive electrode active material powder using the Rietveld refinement method.
- Rietveld refinement was performed on the measured data considering the charge at each site (+3 for metals at the transition metal site and +2 for Ni at the Li site) and cation mixing. Specifically, when analyzing grain size, instrumental broadening was performed using the Fundamental Parameter Approach (FPA) implemented in the Bruker TOPAS program, and the entire peaks of the measurement range were used during fitting. The peak shape was fitted using only the Lorenzian contribution with FP (First Principle) among the peak types available in TOPAS, and strain was not considered.
- FPA Fundamental Parameter Approach
- strain means distortion of the lattice caused by a defect, that is, microscopic deformation.
- the strain was measured by analyzing XRD data obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis of the positive electrode active material powder using the Rietveld refinement method.
- Rietveld refinement was performed on the measured data considering the charge at each site (+3 for metals at the transition metal site and +2 for Ni at the Li site) and cation mixing. Specifically, during strain analysis, instrumental broadening was performed using the Fundamental Parameter Approach (FPA) implemented in the Bruker TOPAS program, and the entire peaks of the measurement range were used during fitting. The peak shape was fitted using only the Lorenzian contribution with FP (First Principle) among the peak types available in TOPAS.
- FPA Fundamental Parameter Approach
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention is characterized by satisfying the following equation 1.
- the number of interfaces between nodules within the particle can be defined as the ratio of D50 (Z) of the positive electrode active material to the average particle diameter (Y) of the nodules.
- Z D50
- Y average particle diameter
- the X may be 1 to 5 mol%, preferably 1 to 3 mol%.
- Y is the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide.
- the Y may be 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 6 to 8 ⁇ m, and most preferably 2 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the nodule average particle diameter ( ⁇ m) of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide satisfies the above range, the specific surface area is reduced, resulting in excellent high-temperature durability, and particle breakage is reduced, thereby reducing gas emissions when driving a lithium secondary battery.
- Z is D 50 ( ⁇ m) of the positive electrode active material.
- the Z may be 5 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, preferably 6 to 10 ⁇ m, and most preferably 6.2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention has a D 50 larger than that of conventional single particles or similar single particles, so it has excellent tap density and rolling density, and has a small BET, improving slurry processability and thermal stability.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention has a D 50 in the above range, so that it does not cause slurry aggregation problems and has excellent electrolyte impregnation, so that a lithium secondary battery containing it has excellent output and lifespan characteristics.
- Z/Y represents the number of nodules included in one positive electrode active material particle or the number of interfaces between nodules within the active material particle.
- Z/Y may be 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, and most preferably 1.1 to 1.5. If the nodule average particle size of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide and the D 50 of the positive electrode active material satisfy the above range, the particle strength is high and the rolling density is high, making it suitable for high energy density electrode composition. Even if the rolling rate is high, particle breakage is small. Lifespan characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics are improved.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention may have a proportion of positive electrode active materials having a size of 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m of 80% by volume or more out of all positive electrode active materials.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention may contain lithium by-products in an amount of 1 to 5 mol%, preferably 1 to 3 mol%, based on the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention is characterized by a small amount of lithium by-products even though it is over-processed to contain single particles.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention is a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle and having a Ni content of 80 atm% or more among transition metals excluding lithium; and a coating layer located on the surface of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide and containing cobalt.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide included in the positive electrode active material of the present invention may contain 80 atm% or more of nickel among transition metals excluding lithium, and preferably 85 atm% or more. When the nickel content is less than 80 atm%, the capacity of the positive electrode active material is reduced, so there is a problem that it cannot be applied to electrochemical devices that require high capacity.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide included in the positive electrode active material of the present invention may have a composition represented by the following Chemical Formula 2.
- M 1 is Mn, Al, or a combination thereof
- M 2 may be one or more selected from the group consisting of Zr, W, Y, Ba, Ca, Ti, Mg, Ta, and Nb.
- the a represents the molar ratio of lithium in the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0.80 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, preferably 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.08, and more preferably 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.08.
- the b represents the molar ratio of nickel among metal elements other than lithium in the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0.80 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.95, or 0.83 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.93.
- the nickel content satisfies the above range, high capacity characteristics can be realized.
- the c represents the molar ratio of cobalt among metal elements other than lithium in the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.20, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.15, or 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.10.
- the d represents the molar ratio of M 1 among metal elements other than lithium in the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.20, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.15, or 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.10.
- the e represents the molar ratio of M 2 among metal elements other than lithium in the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.10, or 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.05.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle consisting of one primary particle or a quasi-single particle in which 10 or less primary particles are agglomerated is similar to the existing secondary particle form in which tens to hundreds of primary particles are agglomerated. Because the particle strength is higher than that of the positive electrode active material, particle breakage rarely occurs during rolling. In addition, in the case of a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle or quasi-single particle, the number of primary particles constituting the particle is small, so there is little change due to volume expansion and contraction of the primary particles during charging and discharging, and accordingly, the inside of the particle The occurrence of cracks is also significantly reduced.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide may have an average crystal grain size of 170 to 300 nm, preferably 170 to 250 nm, and most preferably 180 to 230 nm. When the average grain size is satisfied, sintering is performed to an appropriate degree, resulting in less surface halite structure formation, resulting in excellent output performance.
- the nickel- based lithium composite metal oxide may have a strain value of 200 When the above strain range is satisfied, the completeness of the crystal structure is high, so the positive electrode active material has a stable crystal structure and excellent lifespan performance.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention includes a coating layer located on the surface of nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide.
- the coating layer is formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material and part or all of the nodule, and may contain cobalt.
- the coating layer may have a composition represented by the following Chemical Formula 3.
- the x represents the molar ratio of lithium in the coating layer, and may be 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, preferably 1.00 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.02.
- the y represents the molar ratio of Co in the coating layer, and may be 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.5, preferably 0.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2.
- the coating layer blocks contact between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte included in the lithium secondary battery, thereby suppressing the occurrence of side reactions, thereby improving lifespan characteristics and increasing the packing density of the positive electrode active material.
- the coating layer may be formed on the entire surface of the positive electrode active material, or may be formed partially. Specifically, when the coating layer is partially formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material, it may be formed over 20% or more of the total area of the positive electrode active material. If the area of the coating layer is less than 20%, the effect of improving lifespan characteristics and filling density due to the formation of the coating layer may be minimal.
- the coating layer may be formed at a thickness ratio of 1/10000 to 1/100 with respect to the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material particles. If the thickness ratio of the coating layer to the particles of the positive electrode active material is less than 1/10000, the effect of improving lifespan characteristics and packing density due to the formation of the coating layer is minimal, and if the thickness ratio exceeds 1/100, battery characteristics deteriorate. There is a risk that it will happen.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention includes preparing a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide having a Ni content of 80 atm% or more among transition metals excluding lithium; And mixing the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide with a solution containing a cobalt raw material and then performing a first heat treatment to form a coating layer on the surface of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide.
- a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide can be prepared in the form of a single particle, quasi-single particle, or a combination thereof, and has a nickel content of 80 atm% or more among metal elements excluding lithium.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide can be purchased and used as a commercially available product, or it can be manufactured using a method for producing nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide known in the art.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide can be produced by mixing lithium raw materials and a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide precursor and then calcining them.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide precursor may be, for example, represented by [Formula A] or [Formula B] below.
- M 1 may be one or more selected from Mn and Al, and may preferably be Mn or a combination of Mn and Al.
- M 2 is selected from the group consisting of Zr, B, W, Mo, Cr, Nb, Mg, Hf, Ta, La, Ti, Sr, Ba, Ce, F, P, S and Y. There may be one or more types selected.
- the p refers to the molar ratio of nickel among the metal elements in the precursor, and may be 0.80 ⁇ p ⁇ 1.0, 0.80 ⁇ p ⁇ 0.98, or 0.80 ⁇ p ⁇ 0.95.
- the q refers to the molar ratio of cobalt among the metal elements in the precursor, and may be 0 ⁇ q ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ 0.15, or 0.01 ⁇ q ⁇ 0.10.
- the r refers to the molar ratio of the M 1 element among the metal elements in the precursor, and may be 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 0.15, or 0.01 ⁇ r ⁇ 0.1.
- the s refers to the molar ratio of the M 2 element among the metal elements in the precursor, and may be 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 0.1, or 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 0.05.
- the lithium raw material is, for example, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium hydroxide (LiOHH 2 O), lithium hydroxide anhydride (LiOH), LiNO 3 , CH 3 COOLi and Li 2 (COO) 2 . It may be at least one selected from the group, preferably lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium hydroxide (LiOHH 2 O), or a combination thereof.
- the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide precursor and the lithium raw material may be mixed so that the Li:transition metal molar ratio is 1:1 to 1.3:1, preferably 1:1 to 1.1:1.
- the mixing ratio of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide precursor and the lithium raw material satisfies the above range, the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material is developed smoothly, and a positive electrode active material with excellent physical properties can be manufactured. If the content of the lithium raw material is too small, the crystal structure will not develop properly, and if it is too much, unreacted Li will remain as a by-product, which may cause a decrease in capacity and gas generation.
- the nodule size and average particle size of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide can be adjusted to an appropriate range.
- the firing can be performed at a temperature of 700°C to 1000°C, preferably 700°C to 900°C, more preferably 700°C to 850°C. If the sintering temperature is less than 700°C, raw materials may remain in the particles due to insufficient reaction, which may reduce the high-temperature stability of the battery, and structural stability may decrease due to reduced bulk density and crystallinity. On the other hand, if the sintering temperature exceeds 1000°C, non-uniform growth of particles may occur, and disintegration of particles may be difficult, resulting in a decrease in capacity.
- the firing can be performed for 5 to 24 hours, preferably 10 to 24 hours. If the firing time is less than 5 hours, the reaction time is too short and it may be difficult to obtain a highly crystalline positive electrode active material, and if it exceeds 24 hours, the particle size may become excessively large and production efficiency may be reduced.
- the prepared nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide and a solution containing a cobalt raw material are mixed and then heat treated to form a coating layer on the surface of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide.
- it may be performed by mixing a solution containing a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide and a cobalt raw material, stirring the mixture, filtering and separating the mixture, and then heat-treating it in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the cobalt raw materials may be mixed in an amount of 0.8 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 4 parts by weight, and more preferably 1.5 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide.
- stability and initial capacity can be improved by suppressing the occurrence of cracks at the interface between nodules.
- cobalt raw material for example, cobalt acetate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, etc. can be used.
- a solution containing the cobalt raw material may be prepared by dissolving the cobalt raw material in a solvent such as water or ethanol.
- nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide When nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide is added to a solution containing the cobalt raw material, mixed, and then stirred, the cobalt contained in the solution reacts with the lithium by-product present on the surface of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide to form a coating layer on the surface. do.
- the filtration may be performed by placing filter paper in a filtration flask and vacuum depressurizing, and the drying is performed at 100 to 180°C, preferably 120 to 160°C, for 10 to 24 hours, preferably 12 to 22 hours. It can be done.
- the heat treatment is to form a coating layer by fixing cobalt on the surface of the nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, and can be performed at a temperature of 630 to 800 ° C., preferably 650 to 750 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature is within the above range, the cobalt raw material sufficiently reacts with the lithium by-product on the surface to form a coating layer.
- the heat treatment can be performed for 3 to 8 hours, preferably 4 to 7 hours.
- the heat treatment time is within the above range, a coating layer of appropriate thickness can be formed and production efficiency can be improved.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes the positive electrode active material of the present invention described above. Specifically, the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material according to the present invention. Since the positive electrode active material has been described above, detailed description will be omitted, and only the remaining components will be described in detail below.
- the positive electrode current collector of the present invention may contain a highly conductive metal, and the positive active material layer is easily adhered, but is not particularly limited as long as it is not reactive within the voltage range of the battery.
- the positive electrode current collector may be, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or an aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. Additionally, the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material. For example, it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode active material layer of the present invention is 95% by weight to 100% by weight, preferably 98% by weight to 100% by weight, more preferably, based on the weight of the total positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode active material layer. It may be included in an amount of 99% to 100% by weight. Most preferably, it may contain 100% of the positive electrode active material in the form of single particles or quasi-single particles. When the content of the positive electrode active material of the present invention satisfies the above range, sufficient lifespan characteristics can be obtained.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of secondary particles is included in an amount exceeding 5% by weight of the total positive electrode active material, the side reaction with the electrolyte increases due to fine powder generated from the secondary particles during electrode manufacturing and charging and discharging, which reduces the effect of suppressing gas generation. Because it falls.
- the positive electrode active material layer of the present invention may optionally include a conductive material and a binder as needed, along with the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80 to 99% by weight, more specifically 85 to 98.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer, and can exhibit excellent capacity characteristics when included in the above content range.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and polymethylmethane.
- Crylate polymethymethaxrylate
- carboxymethylcellulose CMC
- starch hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene- Diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, polyacrylic acid, and polymers in which hydrogen thereof is substituted with Li, Na, or Ca, or various copolymers thereof Combinations, etc. may be mentioned, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method. Specifically, a composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer can be prepared by preparing a positive electrode active material and optionally dissolving or dispersing a binder, a conductive material, and a dispersant in a solvent as needed. A positive electrode can be manufactured by applying the composition for forming the positive electrode active material layer, followed by drying and rolling.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and dimethylformamide (dimethyl formamide, DMF), acetone, or water, among which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- DMF dimethylformamide
- acetone acetone
- the amount of the solvent used is to dissolve or disperse the positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and dispersant in consideration of the application thickness and manufacturing yield of the slurry, and to have a viscosity capable of exhibiting excellent thickness uniformity when applied for subsequent positive electrode production. That's enough.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the composition for forming the positive electrode active material layer on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from the support on a positive electrode current collector.
- the electrochemical device according to the present invention includes the positive electrode of the present invention described above.
- the electrochemical device may specifically be a battery, a capacitor, etc., and more specifically, may be a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery specifically includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode positioned opposite the positive electrode, and a separator and electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Since the positive electrode is the same as described above, detailed description is omitted, Hereinafter, only the remaining components will be described in detail.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container that accommodates the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and a sealing member that seals the battery container.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer located on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material layer optionally includes a binder and a conductive material along with the negative electrode active material.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon;
- Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy;
- a composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- a metallic lithium thin film may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- both low-crystalline carbon and high-crystalline carbon can be used.
- Representative examples of low-crystalline carbon include soft carbon and hard carbon, and high-crystalline carbon includes amorphous, plate-shaped, flaky, spherical, or fibrous natural graphite, artificial graphite, and Kish graphite. graphite, pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch.
- High-temperature fired carbon such as derived cokes is a representative example.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% by weight to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and is usually added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polytetra.
- Examples include fluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
- nitrile-butadiene rubber fluorine rubber
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; fluorinated carbon; Metal powders such as aluminum and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the negative electrode active material layer is prepared by applying and drying a composition for forming a negative electrode active material prepared by dissolving or dispersing a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder and a conductive material in a solvent on a negative electrode current collector and drying the negative electrode active material layer. It can be manufactured by casting the composition on a separate support and then peeling from this support and laminating the obtained film onto the negative electrode current collector.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, especially for ion movement in the electrolyte. It is desirable to have low resistance and excellent electrolyte moisture capacity.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolytes used in the present invention include organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the production of lithium secondary batteries, and are limited to these. It doesn't work.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate Carbonate-based solvents such as PC); Alcohol-based solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a straight-chain, branched or ring-structured hydro
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charging and discharging performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular limitations as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C - , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 SO 3 - , CF 3 CO 2 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , SCN - , and (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of,
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1 to 2.0M.
- the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, so excellent electrolyte performance can be achieved and lithium ions can move effectively.
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery containing the positive electrode according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and life characteristics, and is therefore widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, and hybrid electric vehicles (hybrid electric vehicles). It is useful in the field of electric vehicles such as electric vehicle (HEV).
- HEV electric vehicle
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack is a power tool; Electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for any one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems.
- Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV);
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be cylindrical, prismatic, pouch-shaped, or coin-shaped using a can.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can not only be used in battery cells used as a power source for small devices, but can also be preferably used as a unit cell in medium to large-sized battery modules containing a plurality of battery cells.
- Examples of the medium-to-large devices include, but are not limited to, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage systems.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat-treated at 900°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of 1 to 3 nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 5.69 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing the positive electrode active material, carbon nanotubes, and PVdF binder in NMP solvent at a weight ratio of 97.5:1.0:1.5.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to one side of an aluminum current collector (thickness of 12 ⁇ m), dried at 130°C to form a positive electrode active material layer on the aluminum current collector, and then rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- the negative electrode active material graphite, carbon conductive material (SuperC65), carboxymethyl cellulose (Daicell 2200), and styrene-butadiene rubber binder (BM-L302) were mixed at a weight ratio of 96:20.5:21:2.5 and water as a solvent. was added to prepare a negative electrode active material slurry.
- the composition for forming a negative electrode was applied on a copper foil with a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, dried, and then roll pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by laminating the positive electrode and negative electrode prepared above with a polyolefin separator, and then placed in a battery case, 1M LiPF 6 was added to 100 parts by weight of a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a ratio of 3:7.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by injecting the dissolved electrolyte.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat-treated at 900°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of 1 to 3 nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 5.56 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat-treated at 900°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of 1 to 3 nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 4.18 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat treated at 920°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of several nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 2.15 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat treated at 920°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of several nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 1.1 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat treated at 920°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of several nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 1.1 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat-treated at 900°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of 1 to 3 nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 3.05 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat-treated at 900°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of 1 to 3 nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 1.69 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursor was mixed with LiOH at a Li/Me (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio of 1.05, and heat-treated at 900°C in an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 lithium.
- a composite transition metal oxide was prepared.
- the produced nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide was in the form of a quasi-single particle consisting of 1 to 3 nodules, and the average nodule particle diameter ( ⁇ m) was 2.26 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same were manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the positive electrode was manufactured using the positive electrode active material.
- Each of the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were charged to 4.25 V with a 0.5 C constant current at 45°C and discharged to 2.5 V with a 0.5 C constant current as one cycle, resulting in 50 cycles. After charging and discharging, the capacity maintenance rate after 50 cycles was measured and shown in Table 1 below.
- Examples 1 to 3 manufactured including a positive electrode active material that satisfies [Formula 1] 1 ⁇ The lithium secondary battery has superior lifespan characteristics compared to the lithium secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 manufactured including a positive electrode active material that does not satisfy the formula 1 or the D 50 ( ⁇ m) of the positive electrode active material is 5 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m. I was able to confirm.
- the positive electrode active material, carbon black conductive material, and PVdF binder prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were mixed in a weight ratio of 96:2:2 in N-methylpyrrolidone solvent to prepare a positive electrode composite. (Viscosity: 5000 mPa ⁇ s) was prepared, applied to one side of an aluminum current collector, dried at 130°C, and rolled to produce a positive electrode. Lithium metal was used as the cathode.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by interposing a porous polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode manufactured as above, and the electrode assembly was placed inside a case, and then electrolyte was injected into the case to manufacture a lithium secondary battery.
- Each lithium secondary battery half cell manufactured as described above was charged in CCCV mode until 0.2C and 4.25V (end current 1/20C).
- Examples 1 to 3 manufactured including a positive electrode active material that satisfies [Formula 1] 1 ⁇ The lithium secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 6, which were manufactured including a positive electrode active material that does not satisfy the formula 1 or the D 50 ( ⁇ m) of the positive electrode active material of 5 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, have excellent high-temperature storage characteristics. was able to confirm.
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Abstract
Description
| 50 사이클 후 용량 유지율(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 92.9 |
| 실시예 2 | 91.1 |
| 실시예 3 | 90.8 |
| 비교예 1 | 86.9 |
| 비교예 2 | 85.0 |
| 비교예 3 | 88.3 |
| 비교예 4 | 88.2 |
| 비교예 5 | 86.4 |
| 비교예 6 | 86.7 |
| 2 주간 발생한 가스양(ul) | |
| 실시예 1 | 29 |
| 실시예 2 | 37 |
| 실시예 3 | 42 |
| 비교예 1 | 79 |
| 비교예 2 | 68 |
| 비교예 3 | 75 |
| 비교예 4 | 62 |
| 비교예 5 | 67 |
| 비교예 6 | 69 |
Claims (12)
- 리튬을 제외한 전이금속 중 Ni의 함유량이 80 atm% 이상이고, 단입자 또는 유사-단입자 형태인 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물; 및 상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물의 표면에 위치하고, 코발트를 함유하는 코팅층을 포함하고,하기 식 1을 만족하는 양극 활물질.[식 1] 1≤ XY/Z ≤3상기 식 1에서, X는 상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물 100몰에 대한 코팅층 내 Co 의 몰수(mol%)이고, Y는 상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물의 노듈의 평균 입경(㎛)이며, Z는 양극 활물질의 D50(㎛)이고, Z는 5㎛ 내지 12㎛이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 것인 양극 활물질.[화학식 2]LiaNibCocM1 dM2 eO2상기 화학식 2에서, M1은 Mn, Al 또는 이들의 조합이고, M2는 Zr, W, Y, Ba, Ca, Ti, Mg, Ta 및 Nb로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상이며, 0.8≤a≤1.2, 0.8≤b<1, 0<c<0.2, 0<d<0.2, 0≤e≤0.1임.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 X는 1 mol% 내지 5 mol%인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 Y는 1㎛ 내지 10㎛인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,Z/Y는 1 내지 3인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물에 대해 리튬 부산물을 1 mol% 내지 5 mol%의 양으로 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물은 평균 결정립 크기(Crystalite size)가 170 nm 내지 300 nm 인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 니켈계 리튬 복합금속 산화물은 스트레인(strain) 값이 200 X 10-6 내지 380 X 10-6 인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극 활물질층을 포함하는 양극.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 상기 양극에 포함되는 양극 활물질 전체 중량을 기준으로 90 내지 100중량%로 포함하는 것인 양극.
- 제9항에 있어서,전체 양극 활물질 중 5㎛ 내지 7㎛의 크기를 갖는 양극 활물질의 비율이 80 부피% 이상인 양극.
- 제9항의 양극; 음극; 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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| KR102178781B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-11-13 | 주식회사 에스엠랩 | 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20190117199A (ko) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
| KR20220030027A (ko) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-10 | 주식회사 에코프로비엠 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| KR20220092450A (ko) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-07-01 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20220160919A (ko) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR102410700B1 (ko) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-06-22 | 주식회사 엘 앤 에프 | 양극 활물질용 신규 단일체 입자 및 신규 단일체 분말 제조방법 |
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| JP2025517006A (ja) | 2025-05-30 |
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