WO2024135695A1 - 還元鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2024135695A1 WO2024135695A1 PCT/JP2023/045555 JP2023045555W WO2024135695A1 WO 2024135695 A1 WO2024135695 A1 WO 2024135695A1 JP 2023045555 W JP2023045555 W JP 2023045555W WO 2024135695 A1 WO2024135695 A1 WO 2024135695A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/06—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by mixing with gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/20—Arrangements for treatment or cleaning of waste gases
- F27D17/22—Arrangements for treatment or cleaning of waste gases for removing solid constituents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/20—Arrangements for treatment or cleaning of waste gases
- F27D17/28—Arrangements for treatment or cleaning of waste gases for cooling waste gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/24—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by shift reactions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/26—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by adding additional fuel in recirculation pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/28—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation
- C21B2100/282—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation of carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
- C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing reduced iron.
- the raw material of iron is mainly iron oxide, and a reduction process to reduce this iron oxide is essential in steelworks.
- the most common reduction process that is widespread worldwide is the blast furnace.
- coke or pulverized coal reacts with oxygen in hot air (air heated to about 1200 ° C) at the tuyere. This reaction produces reducing gases CO and H 2 , which are used to reduce iron ore in the furnace.
- the reducing agent ratio (the amount of coke and pulverized coal used per ton of molten iron) has been reduced to about 500 kg/t, and the reducing agent ratio has already reached almost the lower limit. Therefore, a further significant reduction in the reducing agent ratio cannot be expected.
- a method of producing reduced iron using a vertical reduction furnace (hereinafter also referred to as a shaft furnace) is also often used.
- a reduction furnace is filled with agglomerated iron ore such as sintered ore or pellets (hereinafter also simply referred to as iron oxide) as an iron oxide raw material.
- a reducing gas containing CO and H 2 is blown into the reduction furnace to reduce the iron oxide and produce reduced iron.
- natural gas or the like is used as a raw material gas for the reducing gas. This raw material gas is heated and reformed in a reformer together with the furnace top gas. As a result, a reducing gas is produced.
- the furnace top gas is a gas after being subjected to the reduction of the iron oxide in the reduction furnace, and is generally discharged from the furnace top.
- the generated reducing gas is blown into the reduction furnace and reacts with the iron oxide supplied from the upper part of the reduction furnace.
- the iron oxide is reduced to produce reduced iron.
- the reduced iron is cooled in a region below the position where the reducing gas is blown into the reduction furnace, and then discharged from the lower part of the reduction furnace.
- the top gas remaining after the reduction of the iron oxide is discharged from the reduction furnace, for example, from the top of the furnace. After dust collection and cooling, part of the top gas is sent to the reformer as a raw material for the reformed gas. The remaining top gas is used as fuel gas for the reformer. In this method, the top gas used as fuel gas for the reformer is usually discharged outside the system.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method in which exhaust gas from a reducing furnace and natural gas are reformed in a reformer to generate a reducing gas mainly composed of CO and H2 , and the reducing gas is blown into a reducing furnace to reduce iron oxide in the reducing furnace, thereby producing reduced iron.
- Patent Document 2 describes a method for producing reduced iron by reforming coke oven gas and top gas of a reducing furnace from which CO2 has been removed to produce reducing gas, and then injecting the reducing gas into a reducing furnace.
- the method described in Patent Document 2 produces reducing gas using coke oven gas or converter gas generated in a steelworks.
- coke oven gas or converter gas is required as fuel gas for downstream processes such as a heating furnace and an annealing furnace. Therefore, if the coke oven gas or converter gas is diverted to the reduced iron production process, it will cause a fuel gas shortage in the downstream processes. As a result, natural gas will be supplied from outside to compensate for the shortage of fuel gas in the downstream processes. In other words, even with the method described in Patent Document 2, it is not possible to simultaneously achieve energy conservation and reduction in CO2 emissions, and problems remain.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned current situation, and has an object to provide a method for producing reduced iron that can simultaneously achieve energy saving and reduction in CO2 emissions.
- the inventors have conducted extensive research to simultaneously achieve energy savings and reduction in CO2 emissions, and have developed a system for circulating and reusing furnace gas. That is, the inventors a blowing step of blowing a reducing gas into the reduction furnace; a reduction step of reducing the iron oxide with a reducing gas in a reduction furnace to obtain reduced iron; A distribution step of distributing a top gas discharged from the reducing furnace into a first top gas and a second top gas; a synthesis step of synthesizing regenerated methane gas from the first furnace top gas and hydrogen gas; a reforming step in which the regenerated methane gas and the second furnace gas are used as raw material gases to obtain a reducing gas from the raw material gases;
- a top gas circulation and reuse system hereinafter simply referred to as the circulation system
- the inventors conducted further studies and obtained the following findings.
- the amounts of gas introduced into the distribution process, synthesis process, and reforming process are controlled according to the CO2 conversion rate ⁇ m [ ⁇ ] (hereinafter also simply referred to as CO2 conversion rate) due to the methanation reaction in the synthesis process.
- CO2 conversion rate the CO2 conversion rate due to the methanation reaction in the synthesis process.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows:
- the furnace gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a first remaining gas, Distributing the separated carbon dioxide gas as the first top gas; 3.
- the furnace gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a first remaining gas, Distributing the separated carbon dioxide gas as the first top gas; Separating the first remaining gas into a separated hydrogen gas and a second remaining gas; The separated hydrogen gas is introduced into the synthesis step; 3. The method for producing reduced iron according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second remaining gas is distributed as the second top gas.
- the furnace gas is separated into a separated hydrogen gas and a third remaining gas, introducing the separated hydrogen gas into the synthesis step;
- the third remaining gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a fourth remaining gas; 3.
- the method for producing reduced iron according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the separated carbon dioxide gas is distributed as the first top gas, and the fourth remaining gas is distributed as the second top gas.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional process for producing reduced iron.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a process for producing reduced iron according to a method for producing reduced iron according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the schematic configuration of an example of the conventional manufacturing process.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a reduction furnace
- 1a denotes iron oxide
- 1b denotes reduced iron
- 3 denotes a dust removal device
- 4 denotes a dehydration device
- 5 denotes a natural gas supply section
- 6 denotes an air supply section
- 7 denotes a reforming device
- 9 denotes a reducing gas injection device.
- iron oxide is charged from the top of a reduction furnace and gradually lowered.
- High-temperature reducing gas is blown into the furnace from the center to reduce the iron oxide.
- reduced iron is discharged from the bottom of the reduction furnace.
- a furnace top gas containing mainly CO, CO 2 , H 2 , and H 2 O is discharged from the top of the reduction furnace.
- This furnace top gas is dusted by a dust collector, and a part of the top gas is adjusted in moisture and sent to the reformer as a raw material gas.
- a gas containing a hydrocarbon for example, natural gas from a natural gas supply unit, is supplied to the reformer together with the moisture-adjusted top gas.
- the supplied gas is heated in the reformer. Then, a reforming reaction occurs to generate a high-temperature reducing gas containing mainly CO and H 2. Then, this reducing gas is blown into the reduction furnace. The remaining part of the furnace top gas is dehydrated and used as a heating fuel in the combustion chamber of the reformer. The top gas after being combusted as a heating fuel is usually discharged outside the system while still containing CO 2.
- reduced iron is produced by the example of the conventional production process, approximately 1 ton or more of CO 2 is discharged outside the circulation system per ton of reduced iron produced.
- the furnace gas discharged from the reducing furnace is distributed into a first furnace gas and a second furnace gas in a furnace gas distribution section.
- methane gas hereinafter also referred to as regenerated methane gas
- H2 gas instead of a hydrocarbon gas such as natural gas supplied from the outside in the conventional process of Fig. 1, methane gas (hereinafter also referred to as regenerated methane gas) synthesized from the first furnace gas and H2 gas is used.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a hydrogen supply section
- 11 denotes a methane synthesis device
- 13 denotes a heat source
- 14 denotes a furnace gas distribution section
- 15 denotes an oxygen supply section.
- the regenerated methane gas generated in the methane synthesis device 11 is supplied to a reformer 7 and used as a raw material gas for the reducing gas.
- a reformer 7 used as a raw material gas for the reducing gas.
- the filling step, the blowing step, and the reducing step may be performed in a conventional manner, for example, in the same manner as in the above-mentioned conventional production process, and therefore the description thereof will be omitted here.
- the top gas discharged from the reducing furnace is distributed into a first top gas and a second top gas.
- the distribution and flow rate control means of the top gas are not particularly limited and may be in accordance with a conventional method.
- a mass flow controller may be used.
- the top gas may be distributed with its composition as is, or specific gas species, such as CO2 and H2 , may be separated and distributed, for example, as follows: (a) The top gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a first remaining gas ( CO2 separation), and the separated carbon dioxide gas is distributed as the first top gas, and the first remaining gas is distributed as the second top gas. (b) The top gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a first remaining gas ( CO2 separation), and the separated carbon dioxide gas is distributed as a first top gas. The first remaining gas is separated into a separated hydrogen gas and a second remaining gas ( H2 separation). The separated hydrogen gas is then introduced (supplied) to the synthesis step, and the second remaining gas is distributed as a second furnace top gas.
- specific gas species such as CO2 and H2
- the top gas is separated into a separated hydrogen gas and a third remaining gas ( H2 separation).
- the separated hydrogen gas is introduced (supplied) to the synthesis step, and the third remaining gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a fourth remaining gas ( CO2 separation).
- the separated carbon dioxide gas is distributed as the first top gas, and the fourth remaining gas is distributed as the second top gas.
- the method of CO2 separation is not particularly limited, and various methods such as chemical absorption, physical absorption, adsorption separation, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, oxygen combustion, and chemical looping combustion can be used.
- chemical absorption, represented by amine absorption, and adsorption separation, represented by PSA have a long history of use in chemical plants and industrial CO2 production.
- these methods have a track record of recovering gas with a CO2 concentration of 99% or more by volume. Therefore, these methods are preferred.
- the CO2 concentration in the separated carbon dioxide gas is preferably 90% by volume or more.
- the CO2 concentration in the separated carbon dioxide gas may be 100% by volume.
- the method of H2 separation is not particularly limited, and various methods such as adsorption separation and membrane separation can be used.
- the concentration of H2 in the separated hydrogen gas is preferably 90% by volume or more.
- the concentration of H2 in the separated hydrogen gas may be 100% by volume.
- compositions of the first remaining gas, the second remaining gas and the fourth remaining gas distributed as the second furnace gas vary depending on the amounts of CO2 and H2 separated, and are, for example, CO: 5 to 70 volume %, CO2 : 0 to 25 volume %, H2 : 0 to 75 volume %, H2O : 0 to 50 volume %, and balance: 0 to 30 volume %.
- a separation step of separating specific gas species such as CO2 and H2 from the first furnace gas and the second furnace gas may be optionally provided between the above distribution step and the synthesis step described later.
- the first furnace gas may be separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a first residual gas ( CO2 separation), and the separated carbon dioxide gas may be used as the first furnace gas in the synthesis step.
- the first residual gas may be directly merged into the second furnace gas.
- the first residual gas may be separated into a separated hydrogen gas and a second residual gas ( H2 separation), and then the separated hydrogen gas may be introduced into the synthesis step, and the second residual gas may be merged into the second furnace gas.
- the first furnace gas is separated into a separated hydrogen gas and a third remaining gas.
- the separated hydrogen gas is then introduced into the synthesis step, and the third remaining gas is separated into a separated carbon dioxide gas and a fourth remaining gas ( CO2 separation).
- the separated carbon dioxide gas may then be used as the first furnace gas in the synthesis step, and the fourth remaining gas may be merged with the second furnace gas.
- a part of the top gas may be used as a heating fuel for a reformer or the like before being introduced into the distribution process.
- a part of the top gas is combusted using oxygen supplied from an oxygen supply device, for example, pure oxygen produced by a cryogenic separation process driven by CO2- free electricity.
- the top gas after combustion is then dehydrated as necessary and returned to the original line to be introduced into the distribution process.
- regenerated methane gas is synthesized from the first furnace gas distributed in the distribution step and hydrogen gas.
- CH4 is synthesized from at least one of CO2 and CO contained in the first furnace gas and H2 according to the following methanation reaction formulas (i) and (ii).
- the first furnace gas and hydrogen gas supplied from outside the circulation system are introduced into a methane synthesis apparatus.
- CH4 is synthesized by at least one of the reactions of the above formulas (i) and (ii).
- the synthesis conditions of CH4 are not particularly limited, and may be in accordance with a conventional method.
- the composition of the first furnace gas is the same as that of the separated carbon dioxide gas.
- the composition of the first furnace gas is basically the same as that of the furnace gas introduced into the distribution step.
- the composition of the first furnace gas is, for example, CO: 5 to 50 volume %, CO 2 : 5 to 30 volume %, H 2 : 5 to 80 volume %, H 2 O: 0 to 35 volume %, and the balance: 0 to 20 volume %.
- the composition of the second furnace gas described later is also similar.
- any other gas containing at least one of CO and CO2 (hereinafter also referred to as other gas) can also be used.
- other gases include gases by-produced in the iron-making process, specifically blast furnace gas (BFG) and coke oven gas (COG).
- BFG blast furnace gas
- COG coke oven gas
- the other gas may be introduced into the above-mentioned separation step together with the first furnace gas, separated into separated carbon dioxide gas and remaining gas, and then the separated carbon dioxide gas may be supplied to the synthesis step.
- the supply source of hydrogen gas used in the synthesis step is not particularly limited, and may be supplied and produced by any method.
- methods for producing hydrogen gas include synthesis by electrolysis of water, and synthesis by decomposition reaction of ammonia, hydrocarbons, and organic hydrides.
- hydrocarbons or organic hydrides are used as raw materials, CO 2 is emitted during the hydrogen synthesis process. Therefore, from the viewpoint of further reducing CO 2 emissions, it is preferable to synthesize hydrogen by at least one of electrolysis of water and decomposition of ammonia.
- CO 2 emissions can be reduced to zero by using green hydrogen produced using electricity obtained from green energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy.
- the H 2 concentration of the hydrogen gas is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90% by volume or more, more preferably 95% by volume or more.
- the H 2 concentration of the hydrogen gas may be 100% by volume.
- a commonly used methanation catalyst can be used.
- a transition metal catalyst such as Fe, Ni, Co, or Ru can be used.
- Ni-based catalysts have high activity.
- Ni-based catalysts have high heat resistance and can be used up to a temperature of about 500°C. Therefore, Ni-based catalysts are particularly preferred.
- iron ore may be used as a catalyst.
- high water of crystallization ore increases its specific surface area when the water of crystallization is dehydrated, and can be suitably used as a catalyst.
- the reactor for the methane synthesis apparatus used in the synthesis process may be a fixed bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, or an air-flow reactor.
- the physical properties of the catalyst may be appropriately selected depending on the type of reactor.
- a heat exchanger may also be placed in the gas flow path downstream of the reactor to recover the reaction heat (gas sensible heat) of the methanation reaction in each reactor.
- the recovered thermal energy may be used, for example, to heat the reduction furnace or reformer.
- the above methanation catalyst stably exhibits a high conversion rate during methanation of CO 2.
- C precipitation occurs due to the generation of C intermediates, which causes catalyst poisoning.
- H 2 O water vapor
- a decrease in catalyst life is inevitable.
- the methanation reaction of CO has a larger negative reaction enthalpy and a larger heat generation amount than the methanation reaction of CO 2. As a result, the catalyst temperature rises rapidly during methanation of CO.
- the methanation reaction itself is an exothermic reaction
- the conversion rate decreases as the reaction time passes.
- the increase in catalyst temperature may also accelerate the deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, in the synthesis step, it is preferable to use the separated carbon dioxide gas obtained in the above distribution step or separation step as the first furnace top gas.
- H 2 O generated as a by-product of methane synthesis is introduced into the reformer, there may be cases where H 2 O becomes excessive in the reforming step described below. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately dehydrate the regenerated methane gas using a dehydrator prior to the reforming step described below, while taking into consideration the material balance of the entire circulation system.
- the CH4 concentration of the regenerated methane gas is not particularly limited.
- the CH4 concentration is preferably 80% by volume or more, more preferably 90% by volume or more.
- the CH4 concentration in the regenerated methane gas excluding H2O may be 100% by volume.
- Reforming step In the reforming step, the regenerated methane gas and the second furnace gas are used as raw material gases to obtain a reducing gas from the raw material gases.
- the regenerated methane gas and the second furnace gas are introduced into a reformer, and the regenerated methane gas and the second furnace gas are heated in the reformer.
- a reducing gas containing CO and H2 is generated by the reforming reactions of the following formulas (iii) and (iv).
- the reforming reaction shown in formula (iv) proceeds by supplying steam to the reformer.
- CH 4 +CO 2 ⁇ 2CO+2H 2 ⁇ H 247kJ/mol...(iii)
- CH 4 +H 2 O ⁇ CO + 3H 2 ⁇ H 206kJ/mol...(iv)
- the raw gas may be heated, for example, in a reformer.
- the heating temperature and heating means of the raw gas are not particularly limited and may be in accordance with conventional methods.
- the heating temperature of the raw gas may be 300 to 700°C.
- the temperature of the reducing gas (injected into the reducing furnace) may be 750 to 1100°C.
- the gas composition of the reducing gas is, for example, CO: 1 to 60 volume %, H 2 : 40 to 99 volume %, and the balance: 0 to 30 volume %.
- the reducing gas is introduced into the reduction furnace through a blowing process.
- a blowing process For example, it is introduced into the reduction furnace using a reducing gas blowing device.
- the iron oxide is reduced by the reducing gas to obtain reduced iron.
- the reducing gas after being used to reduce the iron oxide is discharged from the reduction furnace as top gas.
- any dust removal device can be used for the dust removal.
- Any dehydration device can be used for the dehydration.
- the order of dust removal and dehydration is not particularly limited. In the example shown in Figure 2, the top gas is dust removed by the dust removal device and then dehydrated by the dehydration device, and then the top gas is distributed into a first top gas and a second top gas.
- Control of the amount of gas introduced into the distribution step, synthesis step, and reforming step In the method for producing reduced iron according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is important to control the amount of gas introduced (supplied) into the distribution step, synthesis step, and reforming step in accordance with the CO2 conversion rate. This makes it possible to stabilize the composition of the reducing gas blown into the reduction furnace, in particular, the ratio of the amount of H2 to the amount of CO contained in the reducing gas, H2 /CO (hereinafter also referred to as H2 /CO of the reducing gas). As a result, it becomes possible to produce reduced iron under high operational stability without inputting extra energy, that is, while simultaneously achieving further energy saving and reduction in CO2 emissions.
- the CO2 conversion rate indicates the ratio of CO2 contained in the first furnace gas introduced into the synthesis step that is converted to CH4 by the methanation reaction.
- the CO2 conversion rate can be calculated by the following formula.
- CO2 conversion rate ⁇ m [-] 1 - (amount of CO2 contained in the regenerated methane gas discharged after the synthesis of CH4 in the synthesis step [ Nm3 /t]) ⁇ (amount of CO2 contained in the first furnace gas introduced into the synthesis step [ Nm3 /t])
- the CO2 conversion rate can be adjusted mainly by the reactor used in the synthesis step, for example, the type and amount of catalyst used in the reactor, the volume of the reactor, the temperature of the reactor, etc.
- Nm 3 /t and kg/t are unit quantities per ton of reduced iron (DRI) produced.
- W CO2 Amount of CO2 contained in the furnace gas introduced into the distribution process [Nm 3 /t]
- W H2 Amount of H 2 contained in the furnace gas introduced into the distribution process [Nm 3 /t]
- E H2 Amount of H2 contained in hydrogen gas introduced into the synthesis step [Nm 3 /t]
- V CO2 Amount of CO2 contained in the gas introduced into the reforming process [Nm 3 /t]
- V H2 Amount of H2 contained in the gas introduced into the reforming process [Nm 3 /t]
- the gases introduced into the reforming step are basically regenerated methane gas and the second furnace gas.
- the hydrogen gas introduced into the synthesis step is hydrogen gas introduced from outside the circulation system, and does not include the separated hydrogen gas and H2 in the first furnace gas.
- the left side of the above formula (1) can be rewritten as (W CO2 -V CO2 )/W CO2 , which represents the ratio of CO 2 converted to CH 4 among the CO 2 introduced into the distribution process.
- W CO2 -V CO2 the ratio of CO 2 converted to CH 4 among the CO 2 introduced into the distribution process.
- the left side of the above formula (2) can be rewritten as (W H2 + E H2 - V H2 ) / (W H2 + E H2 ), which can be said to represent the ratio of H 2 converted to CH 4 out of the total H 2 introduced between the distribution process and the reforming process.
- the reaction efficiency in the synthesis process is insufficient, and H 2 becomes surplus in the circulation system. As a result, it may not be possible to perform stable operation under a healthy material balance.
- the right side of the above formula (2) can be rewritten as (W H2 + E H2 - V H2 ) / E H2 , which can be said to represent the ratio of the amount of H 2 converted to CH 4 to the amount of H 2 introduced into the synthesis step from outside the circulation system.
- the CO 2 conversion rate ⁇ exceeds the value of the right side of the above formula (2), excessive H 2 is consumed in the synthesis step, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving.
- the left side of the above formula (1) is 1 ⁇ V CO2 /W CO2 +0.015. It is more preferable that the left side of the above formula (2) is 1 ⁇ V H2 /(W H2 +E H2 )+0.015. It is more preferable that the right-hand side of the above formula (2) is 1+(W H2 ⁇ V H2 )/E H2 ⁇ 0.015.
- the amounts of gas introduced into the distribution process, synthesis process, and reforming process may be constant or may be changed at any time, so long as they simultaneously satisfy the above formulas (1) and (2).
- the amounts of gas introduced into the distribution process, synthesis process, and reforming process at the time of starting up the equipment may be determined, for example, from past operating history, and the amounts of gas introduced into the distribution process, synthesis process, and reforming process may be changed and controlled as appropriate according to the subsequent operating conditions.
- the iron oxide raw material used in the method for producing reduced iron according to one embodiment of the present invention is, for example, iron ore.
- Specific examples include lump iron ore (lump ore) and pellets (iron ore powder solidified into a spherical shape).
- the quality of the iron ore used as the iron oxide raw material, i.e., the iron content, is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of reduction in a shaft furnace, it is generally preferable that the quality be 65 mass% or more.
- a method using a shaft furnace has been described as a direct reduction ironmaking method.
- the type of reduction furnace is not limited to this, and methods using a fluidized bed, rotary kiln, rotary hearth furnace (RHF), etc. are also possible.
- a shaft furnace is preferable as a reduction furnace because of its high production efficiency, operating rate, and operational stability.
- the majority of direct reduction furnaces operating around the world are shaft furnace type Midrex (registered trademark) and Hyl (registered trademark).
- the iron oxide pellets as the raw material were filled into the reduction furnace under the condition of 1394 kg/t.
- reducing gas heated to 980°C was blown in from the center of the reduction furnace to reduce the iron oxide pellets and obtain reduced iron.
- the furnace gas discharged from the reduction furnace was dedusted and appropriately dehydrated so that the material balance was balanced.
- a part of the furnace gas was appropriately used as heating fuel.
- the furnace gas branched off as heating fuel was burned in the combustion chamber of the reformer using oxygen generated by a cryogenic separation process driven by CO2- free electricity.
- the merged furnace gas was introduced into the distribution step and distributed into a first furnace gas and a second furnace gas.
- the top gas introduced into the top gas distribution section was appropriately obtained as a separated carbon dioxide gas by any one of the above (a) to (c) so that the material balance was balanced, and the separated carbon dioxide gas was distributed as the first top gas.
- the separated hydrogen gas was also introduced into the synthesis step as the first top gas together with the separated carbon dioxide gas.
- the remaining gas (the first remaining gas, the second remaining gas, or the fourth remaining gas) was distributed as the second top gas.
- the first top gas (partially including the separated hydrogen gas) and hydrogen gas from outside the circulation system were introduced into a methane synthesis apparatus, and regenerated methane gas was synthesized in the reactor of the methane synthesis apparatus.
- the synthesized regenerated methane gas was dehydrated, the regenerated methane gas and the second top gas were introduced into a reformer as raw material gas, and a reducing gas was obtained from the raw material gas.
- the total amount of gas introduced into the reforming step in Table 1 is the total amount of the regenerated methane gas and the second top gas. Conditions other than those described above and in Table 1 were those according to conventional methods.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、発明者らは、
還元炉へ還元ガスを吹込む、吹込み工程と、
還元炉において、還元ガスにより酸化鉄を還元して還元鉄を得る、還元工程と、
還元炉から排出される炉頂ガスを第1の炉頂ガスと第2の炉頂ガスとに分配する、分配工程と、
第1の炉頂ガスと水素ガスとから再生メタンガスを合成する、合成工程と、
再生メタンガスおよび第2の炉頂ガスを原料ガスとして、該原料ガスから還元ガスを得る、改質工程と、
を有する、炉頂ガスの循環・再利用系(以下、単に循環系ともいう)を開発した。
・上記の循環系において、合成工程でのメタネーション反応によるCO2転化率ηm[-](以下、単にCO2転化率ともいう)に応じて、分配工程、合成工程および改質工程に導入するガス量を制御する。
・これにより、余分なエネルギーを投入することなく、すなわち、一層の省エネルギー化とCO2排出量の削減とを同時に実現しながら、高い操業安定性の下、還元鉄を製造できる。
本発明は、上記の知見に基づき、さらに検討を加えて完成されたものである。
前記還元炉へ還元ガスを吹込む、吹込み工程と、
前記還元炉において、前記還元ガスにより前記酸化鉄を還元して還元鉄を得る、還元工程と、
前記還元炉から排出される炉頂ガスを第1の炉頂ガスと第2の炉頂ガスとに分配する、分配工程と、
前記第1の炉頂ガスと水素ガスとを用いて再生メタンガスを合成する、合成工程と、
前記再生メタンガスおよび前記第2の炉頂ガスを原料ガスとして、該原料ガスから前記還元ガスを得る、改質工程と、
を有し、
前記合成工程でのメタネーション反応によるCO2転化率ηm[-]に応じて、前記分配工程、前記合成工程および前記改質工程に導入するガス量を制御する、還元鉄の製造方法。
WCO2:分配工程に導入する炉頂ガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t]
WH2:分配工程に導入する炉頂ガスに含まれるH2量[Nm3/t]
EH2:合成工程に導入する水素ガスに含まれるH2量[Nm3/t]
VCO2:改質工程に導入するガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t]
VH2:改質工程に導入するガスに含まれるH2量[Nm3/t]
である。
前記分離二酸化炭素ガスを前記第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、
前記第1の残部ガスを前記第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する、前記1または2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
前記分離二酸化炭素ガスを前記第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、
前記第1の残部ガスを、分離水素ガスと第2の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離水素ガスを前記合成工程に導入し、
前記第2の残部ガスを前記第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する、前記1または2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
前記分離水素ガスを前記合成工程に導入し、
前記第3の残部ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第4の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離二酸化炭素ガスを前記第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、前記第4の残部ガスを前記第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する、前記1または2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
以下、本発明の一実施形態に従う還元鉄の製造方法の各工程について、説明する。なお、充填工程、吹込み工程および還元工程については、常法に従い、例えば、上記した従前の製造プロセスと同様にして行えばよいので、ここでは説明を省略する。
分配工程では、例えば、炉頂ガス分配部において、還元炉から排出される炉頂ガスを第1の炉頂ガスと第2の炉頂ガスとに分配する。また、炉頂ガスの分配および流量制御手段は特に限定されず、常法に従えばよい。例えば、マスフローコントローラーなどを用いればよい。
(a)炉頂ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第1の残部ガスとに分離(CO2分離)し、分離二酸化炭素ガスを第1の炉頂ガスとして、第1の残部ガスを第2の炉頂ガスとしてそれぞれ分配する。
(b)炉頂ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第1の残部ガスとに分離(CO2分離)し、分離二酸化炭素ガスを第1の炉頂ガスとして分配する。
また、上記の第1の残部ガスを、分離水素ガスと第2の残部ガスとに分離(H2分離)する。ついで、分離水素ガスを合成工程に導入(供給)し、第2の残部ガスを第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する。
(c)炉頂ガスを、分離水素ガスと第3の残部ガスとに分離(H2分離)する。ついで、分離水素ガスを合成工程に導入(供給)し、第3の残部ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第4の残部ガスとに分離(CO2分離)する。そして、分離二酸化炭素ガスを第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、第4の残部ガスを第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する。
例えば、上記(a)および(b)のように、第1の炉頂ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第1の残部ガスとに分離(CO2分離)し、分離二酸化炭素ガスを合成工程において第1の炉頂ガスとして使用してもよい。上記の第1の残部ガスは、そのまま第2の炉頂ガスに合流させてもよい。また、上記の第1の残部ガスは、分離水素ガスと第2の残部ガスとに分離(H2分離)し、ついで、分離水素ガスを合成工程に導入し、第2の残部ガスを第2の炉頂ガスに合流させてもよい。
また、上記(c)のように、第1の炉頂ガスを、分離水素ガスと第3の残部ガスとに分離する。ついで、分離水素ガスを合成工程に導入し、第3の残部ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第4の残部ガスとに分離(CO2分離)する。そして、分離二酸化炭素ガスを合成工程において第1の炉頂ガスとして使用し、第4の残部ガスを第2の炉頂ガスに合流させてもよい。
合成工程では、例えば、メタン合成装置において、上記の分配工程で分配した第1の炉頂ガスと水素ガスとから再生メタンガスを合成する。なお、CH4は、第1の炉頂ガスに含まれるCO2およびCOの少なくとも一方とH2とから、次式(i)および(ii)のメタン化反応式に従って合成される。
CO2+4H2→ CH4+2H2O ΔH=-165kJ/mol ・・・(i)
CO+3H2→ CH4+H2O ΔH=-206kJ/mol ・・・(ii)
例えば、第1の炉頂ガスと、上記の循環系の外部から供給される水素ガスとをメタン合成装置に導入する。そして、当該メタン合成装置内で、上掲式(i)および(ii)の少なくとも一方の反応によって、CH4が合成される。CH4の合成条件などについては特に限定されず、常法に従えばよい。
改質工程では、上記の再生メタンガス、および、上記の第2の炉頂ガスを原料ガスとして、該原料ガスから還元ガスを得る。例えば、再生メタンガスおよび第2の炉頂ガスを改質装置に導入し、当該改質装置内で再生メタンガスおよび第2の炉頂ガスを加熱する。そして、当該改質装置内で、次式(iii)および(iv)の改質反応によって、COおよびH2を含む還元ガスが生成する。なお、改質装置に水蒸気を供給することにより、式(iv)で示される改質反応が進行する。
CH4+CO2 → 2CO+2H2 ΔH=247kJ/mol ・・・(iii)
CH4+H2O → CO+3H2 ΔH=206kJ/mol ・・・(iv)
そして、本発明の一実施形態に従う還元鉄の製造方法では、CO2転化率に応じて、分配工程、合成工程および改質工程に導入(供給)するガス量を制御することが重要である。これにより、還元炉に吹き込む還元ガスの組成、特には、還元ガスに含まれるCO量に対するH2量の比であるH2/CO(以下、還元ガスのH2/COともいう)を安定化させることが可能となる。その結果、余分なエネルギーを投入することなく、すなわち、一層の省エネルギー化とCO2排出量の削減とを同時に実現しながら、高い操業安定性の下、還元鉄を製造することが可能となる。
CO2転化率ηm[-]=1-(合成工程でのCH4の合成後に排出される再生メタンガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t])÷(合成工程に導入される第1の炉頂ガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t])
なお、CO2転化率は、主に、合成工程で使用する反応器、例えば、反応器で使用する触媒の種類や量、反応器の容積、反応器の温度などによって調整することが可能である。また、分離水素ガスなど第1の炉頂ガス以外にも合成工程に導入されるガスがある場合には、当該ガスに含まれるCO2量も(合成工程に導入される第1の炉頂ガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t])に含めるものとする。
また、Nm3/tおよびkg/tは、還元鉄(DRI)を1t製造するあたりの原単位である。
WCO2:分配工程に導入する炉頂ガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t]
WH2:分配工程に導入する炉頂ガスに含まれるH2量[Nm3/t]
EH2:合成工程に導入する水素ガスに含まれるH2量[Nm3/t]
VCO2:改質工程に導入するガスに含まれるCO2量[Nm3/t]
VH2:改質工程に導入するガスに含まれるH2量[Nm3/t]
である。
なお、改質工程に導入するガスは、基本的に、再生メタンガスおよび第2の炉頂ガスである。また、合成工程に導入する水素ガスは、循環系外から導入する水素ガスであり、上記の分離水素ガスや第1の炉頂ガス中のH2は含めない。
上掲式(2)の左辺は、1-VH2/(WH2+EH2)+0.015とすることがより好適である。
上掲式(2)の右辺は、1+(WH2-VH2)/EH2-0.015とすることがより好適である。
図2に示す循環系において、表1に記載の条件に従って還元鉄の製造を行った。いずれの条件でも、操業期間は28日間とした。表1では、還元鉄を1t製造するあたりの原単位により操業諸元を記載している。例えば、還元鉄を1t製造する際に酸化鉄ペレットを1300kg使用する場合、酸化鉄ペレットの使用量を1300kg/tと表す。3000t/日の還元鉄の製造を行う場合には、この量を3000倍すれば1日当たりの諸元となる。
一方、合成工程でのCO2転化率に応じたガス量の制御を行わなかった比較例ではいずれも、操業期間の途中で、還元ガスの組成を一定の範囲に保持することできなくなって還元炉内の反応が不安定化し、やむなく操業の中断に至った。
1a 酸化鉄
1b 還元鉄
3 除塵装置
4 脱水装置
5 天然ガス供給部
6 空気供給部
7 改質装置
9 還元ガス吹込み装置
10 水素供給部
11 メタン合成装置
13 熱源
14 炉頂ガス分配部
15 酸素供給部
Claims (5)
- 酸化鉄を還元炉へ充填する、充填工程と、
前記還元炉へ還元ガスを吹込む、吹込み工程と、
前記還元炉において、前記還元ガスにより前記酸化鉄を還元して還元鉄を得る、還元工程と、
前記還元炉から排出される炉頂ガスを第1の炉頂ガスと第2の炉頂ガスとに分配する、分配工程と、
前記第1の炉頂ガスと水素ガスとを用いて再生メタンガスを合成する、合成工程と、
前記再生メタンガスおよび前記第2の炉頂ガスを原料ガスとして、該原料ガスから前記還元ガスを得る、改質工程と、
を有し、
前記合成工程でのメタネーション反応によるCO2転化率ηm[-]に応じて、前記分配工程、前記合成工程および前記改質工程に導入するガス量を制御する、還元鉄の製造方法。 - 前記分配工程において、前記炉頂ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第1の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離二酸化炭素ガスを前記第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、
前記第1の残部ガスを前記第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する、請求項1または2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。 - 前記分配工程において、前記炉頂ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第1の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離二酸化炭素ガスを前記第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、
前記第1の残部ガスを、分離水素ガスと第2の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離水素ガスを前記合成工程に導入し、
前記第2の残部ガスを前記第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する、請求項1または2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。 - 前記分配工程において、前記炉頂ガスを、分離水素ガスと第3の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離水素ガスを前記合成工程に導入し、
前記第3の残部ガスを、分離二酸化炭素ガスと第4の残部ガスとに分離し、
前記分離二酸化炭素ガスを前記第1の炉頂ガスとして分配し、前記第4の残部ガスを前記第2の炉頂ガスとして分配する、請求項1または2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
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| UA117374C2 (uk) | 2013-07-31 | 2018-07-25 | Мідрекс Текнолоджиз, Інк. | Відновлення оксиду заліза до металевого заліза із застосуванням коксового газу та газу зі сталеплавильної печі з подачею кисню |
| JP2017088912A (ja) | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-25 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 還元鉄の製造方法 |
| BR112023026193A2 (pt) * | 2021-06-14 | 2024-03-05 | Jfe Steel Corp | Método de produção de ferro reduzido |
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2023
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- 2023-12-19 EP EP23907055.0A patent/EP4621076A4/en active Pending
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- 2023-12-19 JP JP2024528623A patent/JP7736187B2/ja active Active
- 2023-12-19 WO PCT/JP2023/045555 patent/WO2024135695A1/ja not_active Ceased
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014028984A (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-13 | Jfe Steel Corp | 高炉の操業方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4621076A1 (en) | 2025-09-24 |
| EP4621076A4 (en) | 2026-03-18 |
| JPWO2024135695A1 (ja) | 2024-06-27 |
| JP7736187B2 (ja) | 2025-09-09 |
| CN120390808A (zh) | 2025-07-29 |
| KR20250085807A (ko) | 2025-06-12 |
| AU2023409464A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
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