WO2024136157A1 - 방향성 전기강판 및 그 자구미세화 방법 - Google Patents
방향성 전기강판 및 그 자구미세화 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024136157A1 WO2024136157A1 PCT/KR2023/018648 KR2023018648W WO2024136157A1 WO 2024136157 A1 WO2024136157 A1 WO 2024136157A1 KR 2023018648 W KR2023018648 W KR 2023018648W WO 2024136157 A1 WO2024136157 A1 WO 2024136157A1
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1294—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localised treatment
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
- H01F1/18—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets with insulating coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/0007—Applications not otherwise provided for
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a magnetic domain refinement method thereof. More specifically, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that prevents surface damage and at the same time has excellent iron loss characteristics by irradiating an overlapping laser on the surface of the electrical steel sheet on which secondary recrystallization has been performed, and a magnetic domain refinement method thereof.
- Grain-oriented electrical steel has excellent magnetic properties and is generally used as an iron core material for transformers.
- the manufacture of this grain-oriented electrical steel sheet goes through a unique rolling and annealing process unique to the electrical steel sheet manufacturing process to form a Goss texture recrystallized in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation throughout the steel sheet.
- the world is strengthening the calculation levels of greenhouse gas emissions day by day.
- the factor affecting the greenhouse gas emissions calculation level is related to the improvement in efficiency when using electrical steel sheets.
- the iron loss and magnetic flux density of the electrical steel sheet i.e., magnetic properties, are important factors in the efficiency of the transformer iron core.
- the magnetic flux density of an electrical steel sheet can be significantly affected by the manufacturing process of the electrical steel sheet because the degree to which crystal axes that are easy to magnetize are gathered in the crystal structure, that is, the higher the crystal orientation, the higher the magnetic flux density.
- the W17/50 [W/kg] value measured when a magnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz is applied at a maximum magnetic flux density of 1.7 T is called the guaranteed iron loss value of the iron core material, and this value is a measure of the iron loss of the electrical steel sheet. It is generally used as However, when designing a transformer, the W15/50 [W/kg] value measured when a magnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz is applied at a lower maximum magnetic flux density of 1.5 T is used. In transformers, the lower the core loss value, the better the efficiency.
- iron loss is evaluated as a more important indicator because the process technology for securing high magnetic flux density through upward standardization of the manufacturing process of electrical steel sheets has been developed to the extent that it can support the efficiency of transformers.
- This iron loss is divided into eddy current loss and hysteresis loss, and hysteresis loss tends to decrease when the magnetic flux density is high, so eddy current loss plays an important role in controlling the overall iron loss in grain-oriented electrical steel sheets.
- eddy current loss is divided into classical eddy current loss and abnormal eddy current loss.
- Classical eddy current loss is proportional to the thickness of the steel sheet, so the thinner the steel sheet is, the classical eddy current loss decreases. Therefore, controlling abnormal eddy current loss has become an important technology for reducing iron loss.
- Refining the magnetic domains in electrical steel means the process of dividing crystal particles with one magnetic domain into multiple magnetic domains by applying physical stimulation to them.
- Methods for refining the magnetic domain include laser irradiation, electron beam irradiation, plasma processing, etching, or roll press fitting. And, depending on whether the magnetic domain refinement effect is maintained even after stress relief annealing (SRA) is performed after such magnetic domain refinement treatment, it is divided into permanent magnetic domain refinement and temporary magnetic domain refinement.
- SRA stress relief annealing
- the magnetic domain refinement process may be performed before the decarburization process or after the insulation coating.
- Corrosion occurring in areas that have been physically stimulated on the surface of an electrical steel sheet means that the insulating film on the surface has been peeled off and the base material of the electrical steel sheet has been exposed. If this is laminated as an iron core and used as is, the insulating film formed on the surface of the electrical steel sheet is destroyed, destroying the top and bottom surfaces. The laminated iron core becomes electrically conductive, and in this case, there is a possibility that the transformer may explode.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a magnetic domain refining method thereof are provided. More specifically, one embodiment of the present invention provides a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that prevents surface damage and has excellent iron loss characteristics by irradiating overlapping lasers with different wavelengths on the surface of the electrical steel sheet on which secondary recrystallization has been performed, and a magnetic domain refinement method thereof. do.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes an electrical steel sheet base material; and an insulating film layer located on the electrical steel sheet substrate, wherein a linear deformation part is present on the surface of the insulating film layer, an overlapping irradiation boundary part is present within the deformation part, a melted and solidified layer is present below the overly irradiated boundary part, and the melted and solidified layer is present. contains 10% by weight or less of P.
- the width (M W ) of the melted and solidified layer in the direction perpendicular to the length of the deformed portion may be 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness (M D ) of the melted and solidified layer may be 20% or less of the thickness of the insulating film layer.
- the insulating film layer below the deformed area excluding the overlapping irradiation boundary area may have a P content of 10 to 30% by weight in a range of 100 nm from the surface in the steel sheet thickness direction.
- the thickness of the insulating film layer below the deformed part may be 60 to 90% of the thickness of the insulating film layer in which the deformed part is not formed.
- a metal oxide layer may be interposed between the substrate and the insulating film layer.
- a method for magnetic domain refinement of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a first irradiation step of irradiating a first laser beam having a first wavelength; It includes a second irradiation step of irradiating a second laser beam having a second wavelength, and the first beam spot of the first laser beam and the second beam spot of the second laser beam may overlap by 10% or more.
- the first and second lasers may be selected from a CO 2 laser, a fiber laser, a YAG laser, a ruby laser, a sapphire laser, a disk laser, a diode laser, or a UV laser.
- the first laser and the second laser may each have an output of 10 to 2000 W.
- the first laser and the second laser may have different wavelengths.
- the interval between the irradiation time of the first laser beam and the irradiation time of the second laser beam may be 18 ms or less.
- magnetism by performing optimal magnetic domain refinement using an overlapping laser, magnetism can be further improved and damage to the surface of the steel sheet can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention by using a long-wavelength laser, it is possible to easily increase the average output to a high output and ensure the reliability of the processing line, and at the same time, by irradiating a short-wavelength laser together, magnetic domains are formed to a minimum to effectively magnetize. It can be improved.
- the present invention it is possible to stably preheat a steel sheet without destroying the insulating film layers, and the residue due to thermoelastic deformation of the steel sheet is exactly as wide as necessary to form a closure domain without considering the thickness of the insulating film layer. Since stress can be induced, accurate magnetic domain refinement is possible.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the light absorption rate of a steel sheet according to the laser wavelength.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the concept of magnetic domain refinement for forming a deformed part using an overlapping laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a beam spot of an overlapping laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a beam spot of an overlapping laser according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the surface of a steel plate with a deformed portion and an overlapping irradiation boundary portion in an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section in the thickness direction (Z direction) of a steel plate in which a deformed portion and an overlapping irradiation boundary portion exist in an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a photograph of the melted and solidified layer in Example 1 analyzed by FIB (Focused Ion Beam)-TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy).
- Figure 8 is a graph showing elemental analysis of the melted and solidified layer of Figure 7 in the thickness direction.
- first, second, and third are used to describe, but are not limited to, various parts, components, regions, layers, and/or sections. These terms are used only to distinguish one portion, component, region, layer or section from another portion, component, region, layer or section. Accordingly, the first part, component, region, layer or section described below may be referred to as the second part, component, region, layer or section without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the purpose is to prevent surface damage and at the same time provide excellent iron loss characteristics by irradiating an overlapping laser on the surface of an electrical steel sheet.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a first irradiation step of irradiating a first laser beam having a first wavelength; and a second irradiation step of irradiating a second laser beam having a second wavelength, wherein the first beam spot of the first laser beam and the second beam spot of the second laser beam overlap by 10% or more.
- the method of refining magnetic domains using a laser is preferred.
- the magnetic domain refinement process of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is irradiated by advancing a laser in a direction intersecting the rolling direction (RD direction) to form a linear deformed portion 10.
- the linear deformation portion forms point-like or continuous linear deformation portions.
- the linear or linear deformation part includes not only solid lines but also intermittent ones such as dotted or broken lines, and includes all deformation parts that are substantially linear, including zigzag shapes when viewed microscopically but straight lines when viewed macroscopically. do.
- the formation of a deformed zone in a steel sheet by a laser refers to the deformation of the crystal lattice caused by thermal shock from laser irradiation, and this deformation of the crystal lattice is formed in the process of locally rapidly heating and immediately cooling the steel sheet by the laser. At this time, the heating rate of the steel sheet is proportional to the energy density (power density) per unit time of the laser.
- the deformation of the crystal lattice due to thermal shock during laser irradiation increases as the total laser irradiation energy increases, so when energy exceeding the amount required for magnetic domain refinement is irradiated to the steel sheet, the heat source more than necessary for forming the looped domain spreads to the surrounding area, causing magnetic deformation. It gets bigger. Therefore, the deformation of the crystal lattice due to thermal shock during laser irradiation requires exactly the amount of lattice strain energy required to form the looped domain, and in order to suppress heat diffusion, it is desirable to irradiate the laser incident energy to a narrow area for a shorter period of time.
- the interaction conditions between the laser beam and the steel sheet are affected by the characteristics of the laser and the absorption rate of the laser beam on the steel sheet.
- the absorption rate of the laser beam is affected by the surface roughness of the steel sheet, the temperature of the steel sheet, the absorption characteristics of the film on the surface of the steel sheet, and the laser wavelength.
- the manufacturing conditions of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that forms the film are kept constant, the surface roughness of the steel sheet, the temperature of the steel sheet, and the absorption characteristics of the surface film of the steel sheet will be constant, and in this case, the absorption rate of the steel sheet of the laser beam depends on the wavelength of the laser. .
- the laser absorption rate of the steel sheet is approximately 35 to 40% when the wavelength is short (e.g., YAG or Fiber laser with 1.06 ⁇ m), while when the wavelength is long (e.g., CO 2 laser with 10.6 ⁇ m) In this case, it appears relatively low, approximately 5 to 10%.
- an insulating film composed mainly of phosphate and silica with a thickness of several to several tens of micrometers is formed on the surface of the electrical steel sheet subject to magnetic domain refinement treatment.
- These films absorb relatively little laser beams for short-wavelength lasers (e.g., 1.06 ⁇ m YAG or fiber lasers), but show large absorption for long-wavelength lasers (e.g., 10.6 ⁇ m CO 2 lasers).
- the thickness of the insulating film must be considered in a long-wavelength laser, but the thickness of the insulating film needs to be considered less in a short-wavelength laser than in a long-wavelength laser.
- short-wavelength lasers and long-wavelength lasers have different characteristics. Therefore, when using a short-wavelength laser and a long-wavelength laser simultaneously, only the advantages of each laser applied to magnetic domain refinement are exerted preferentially without side effects, causing a mutual synergy effect.
- overlapping lasers means that two or more lasers are used to irradiate the laser beam on the surface of the steel sheet, and the spot of one laser beam formed on the surface of the steel sheet is partially or entirely located within the spot of the other laser beam. It means to do.
- overlapping lasers with different wavelengths include not only those where the spots of different laser beams are completely overlapped within the spot of one laser beam but also partially overlapped.
- the beam spot refers to a beam spot on the surface 40 of the steel plate.
- Figure 3 schematically shows the first beam spot of the first laser beam 21 and the second beam spot of the second laser beam 22.
- the first beam spot of the first laser beam and the second beam spot of the second laser beam overlap by more than 10%.
- 10% or more means the ratio of the width of the overlap area (O W ) to the width of the smaller laser beam among the width of the first laser beam (B 1W ) and the width of the second laser beam (B 2W ).
- the width (B 1W ) of the first laser beam is small, and in this case, the overlap ratio can be calculated as O W /B 1W .
- the width of the laser beam is the length of the laser beam in the direction (Y-direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the deformed area (or the laser irradiation progress direction, X-direction).
- the length of the laser beam is the length of the laser beam in the longitudinal direction of the deformed area (or the laser irradiation progress direction, X-direction).
- the length of the first laser beam (B 1L ) and the length of the second laser beam (B 2L ) are indicated.
- the laser beams do not overlap at a specific point as shown in Figure 4, the laser beam is moved horizontally in the direction of travel (X direction), and the overlap ratio is considered when the width (O W ) of the overlap area becomes the longest.
- an overlapping irradiation boundary portion 23 is formed at both ends in the direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (or laser irradiation progress direction, X direction) of the deformed part of the overlapping area. ) exists.
- a melted and solidified layer (11) exists at the lower part of the overlapping irradiation boundary portion (23). This melted and solidified layer 11 will be described later in relation to the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- the first and second lasers may be selected from a CO 2 laser, a fiber laser, a YAG laser, a ruby laser, a sapphire laser, a disk laser, a diode laser, or a UV laser.
- the first laser (A) which is a short-wavelength laser, can use a laser with a relatively short wavelength, such as optical fiber (Er-Fiber, Yb-Fiber, Tm-Fiber) laser, YAG (Nd:YAG, Yb :YAG) laser, ruby laser and sapphire laser can be used.
- a disk laser (1.03 ⁇ m), a diode laser (0.808 to 0.980 ⁇ m), or a UV laser (0.150 to 0.355 ⁇ m) may be used as the first laser.
- the second laser which is a long-wavelength laser
- a laser with a relatively longer wavelength than a short-wavelength laser can be used.
- a CO 2 laser is preferred as the second laser.
- any laser with a longer wavelength than the first laser can be used as the second laser.
- a UV laser (0.150-0.355 ⁇ m) is used as the first laser
- a YAG laser may be used as the second laser.
- the magnetic domain refinement method using the overlapping laser 30 will be described in more detail, taking as an example the case where a fiber laser is used as a first laser with a short wavelength and a CO 2 laser is used as a second laser with a long wavelength.
- the first laser uses a short laser wavelength with a relatively high laser absorption rate for steel sheets, so it uses a narrow range of incident energy to cause residual stress due to lattice deformation and thermoelastic deformation exactly as needed to form the looping domain. It is possible to survey an area for a shorter period of time.
- the optical fiber laser used as the first laser has a narrow incident energy range, heat diffusion to the surroundings can be suppressed and unnecessary thermal deformation can be minimized.
- the CO 2 laser which is the second laser
- the CO 2 laser can be used at high outputs ranging from hundreds of W to several KW or more depending on the speed of the steel sheet, and can easily induce thermoelastic deformation in the irradiated portion of the steel sheet.
- the second laser, CO 2 laser has a high absorption rate for insulating films made of phosphate and silica, so it can stably pass through the film layers. Therefore, the CO 2 laser, which is the second laser, can stably induce thermoelastic deformation of the steel sheet without destroying the insulating film layers, making it suitable for serving as a kind of preheating.
- the CO 2 laser which is the second laser (B)
- the CO 2 laser has a low laser absorption rate for the steel sheet
- the CO 2 laser which is the second laser
- the area that provides thermal shock to the steel sheet is too wide and magnetic domain refinement does not occur easily, so an optical fiber laser with a relatively short wavelength is used as the first laser to create magnetic domains. It is used as the main laser for miniaturization, and the CO2 laser, which has a relatively long wavelength, is used as an auxiliary laser that acts as a kind of preheating to the extent of inducing thermoelastic deformation of the steel sheet.
- a short-wavelength fiber laser was selected as the first laser and used as the main laser for magnetic domain refinement is that the laser absorption rate on the surface of the steel sheet is high, so a strong compressive stress zone is formed in the laser irradiated area, and the magnetoelastic energy is reduced in this compressive stress zone. This is because lancet domains (reflux domains) can be easily formed for this purpose.
- a 180° magnetic domain (opposite magnetic pole of the lancet magnetic domain) is formed by magnetoelastic energy in the surface direction, and a 90° magnetic domain is formed to reduce the magnetic elastic energy in the direction of the plate thickness. As the gap narrows, abnormal eddy current loss is consequently reduced.
- the magnetic domain refinement method uses a short-wavelength optical fiber laser as the first laser to induce residual stress due to thermoelastic deformation of the steel sheet with a width exactly as required for forming the looped domain.
- accurate magnetic domain refinement is possible, and by using a long-wavelength CO 2 laser as the second laser, it is possible to stably preheat the steel sheet without destroying the coating layers.
- the short-wavelength fiber laser which is the first laser
- the CO 2 laser which is the second laser with a long wavelength
- the CO 2 laser has the advantage of having a wide final beam width and a relatively low laser absorption rate in the steel plate, but a deep depth of focus. Therefore, when these two laser beams are overlapped and irradiated at the same time, the laser absorption rate within the steel sheet can be further increased.
- the beam spot of the optical fiber laser which is a short-wavelength first laser irradiated to the surface of the steel plate, preferably has a shape close to a circle, and its diameter (B W1 , B L1 ) may be 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the beam spot of the optical fiber laser has a width (B W1 ) of 10 to 200 ⁇ m and a length (B L1 ) of the second laser, CO 2 laser beam spot, which is less than or longer than the length.
- the beam width (B W1 ) of the optical fiber, which is the first laser decreases to less than 10 ⁇ m, energy density is concentrated in a narrow area, which may lead to inferiority in magnetic flux density and iron loss, and the optical system structure becomes complicated.
- the beam width (B W1 ) of the optical fiber, which is the first laser increases by more than 200 ⁇ m, the thermal effect in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet increases and the magnetic flux density may decrease, which is not desirable.
- the beam spot of the CO 2 laser which is a long-wavelength second laser irradiated to the surface of the steel sheet, is preferably elliptical with a beam width (B 2W ) of 100 to 400 ⁇ m and a beam length (B 2L ) of 0.4 to 20 mm.
- the beam spot of the long-wavelength CO 2 laser can be used in a circular shape with a radius of 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the reason for limiting the size of the beam spot of the CO 2 laser, which is the long-wavelength second laser, is to determine the range in which the thermal deformation effect of the laser beam acting on the steel sheet is maintained when the laser is scanned at high speed on the surface of a high-speed moving steel sheet. It was taken into consideration.
- using the first laser beam 21 and the second laser beam 22 overlapping means that the beam spot of the first laser beam 21 and the beam spot of the second laser beam 22 This means that it is controlled to overlap. That is, when the laser beam spots 20 irradiated to the surface of the steel sheet are viewed in a plan view as shown in FIG. 3, the first laser beam 21 is anywhere within the range of the second laser beam 22 with a large beam spot. Fully positioned beams are said to be “overlapping,” and furthermore, it means that the beams are “overlapping,” including partial positioning of the first laser beam 21 within the range of the second laser beam 22. Furthermore, even if the laser beams do not overlap at a specific point in time as shown in FIG. 4, the first laser beam 21 moves horizontally in the direction of travel (X direction) over time, and the previously irradiated second laser beam 22 ), it is considered overlapped.
- the oscillation mode of the laser beam used in one embodiment of the present invention is preferably a continuous wave laser that generates laser light continuously for both the first laser and the second laser, but a pulse laser (Pulse laser) Laser) can also be used.
- a pulse laser Pulse laser
- the quality of the laser beam used is preferably the Gaussian mode of TEM 00 for both the first and second lasers, but the multi transverse mode of TEM0i can also be used.
- the overlapping laser beam 20 of different wavelengths irradiated on the surface of the steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention can minimize the thermal effect in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet while maximizing the thermal shock in the thickness direction, so the beam shape of each laser There is no specific limitation on beam quality.
- the first laser and the second laser may each have an output of 10 to 2000 W. More specifically, the output of the first laser may be 1000 to 2000 W, and the output of the second laser may be 100 to 700 W.
- the output range of each laser specifies the laser output conditions when the steel sheet progresses at a speed of 15 mpm, and the output value of the laser can be optimally controlled according to the steel sheet progress speed.
- the gap i.e., the gap in the steel sheet rolling direction between deformed parts
- the angle between the rolling direction and the laser direction (longitudinal direction of the deformed part, X direction) may be 75 to 105°
- the scanning speed is preferably 0.1 to 300 m/sec.
- the irradiation interval of the overlapping laser beams 20 irradiated to the surface of the steel sheet is too narrow to less than 2 mm, the influence of the heat-affected zone increases, resulting in inferior magnetic flux density and iron loss, and if the irradiation interval is 10 mm or more, it is difficult to secure the magnetic domain refinement effect. It is not easy to exert the effect due to the poor thermal shock effect.
- the overlapping laser beam 20 on the surface of the steel sheet when irradiating the overlapping laser beam 20 on the surface of the steel sheet, it can be irradiated in a direction perpendicular to or inclined to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, and the angle between the rolling direction and the laser travel direction (deformed part longitudinal direction, X direction) is 75 to 75 degrees Celsius. It can be 105°. Outside of this angle range, the necessary magnetic domain refinement effect may not occur.
- the scanning speed of the overlapping laser is the same as the moving speed of the steel sheet. As the progressing speed increases, the scanning speed must become faster, so 0.1 to 300 m/sec is preferable, and this speed refers to the value exemplified under the 15mpm condition.
- the interval between the irradiation time of the first laser beam and the irradiation time of the second laser beam may be 16 ms or less. Beyond this time range, it is difficult to fully obtain the effect of overlapping laser irradiation.
- the time interval refers to the time from irradiation of the second laser (or first laser) until the first laser (or second laser) advances and the width (O W ) of the overlapping area becomes the maximum.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 100 includes an electrical steel sheet base material 50; and an insulating coating layer 60 located on the electrical steel sheet substrate 50, wherein a linear deformation portion 10 is present on the surface of the insulating coating layer 60, and an overlapping irradiation boundary portion 23 within the deformation portion 10. exists.
- the overlapping irradiation boundary portion 23 refers to both ends of the overlap area in the Y direction when the first laser beam 21 and the second laser beam 22 are overlapped and irradiated.
- This overlapping irradiation boundary portion 23 is difficult to determine with the naked eye, and can be determined by whether or not the melted and solidified layer 11 is formed within the lower insulating film layer 10. That is, starting from the overlapping irradiation boundary part 23, the melted and solidified layer 11 is generated below the overlapping irradiation boundary part 23 in the Y direction. Since this melted and solidified layer 11 is created by volatilizing phosphorus (P) in the insulating film layer 10, a small amount of phosphorus exists in the melted and solidified layer 11. That is, if the P content is 10% by weight or less, it is determined that the melted and solidified layer 11 has been formed. More specifically, if the P content is 8% by weight or less, it is determined that the melted and solidified layer 11 has been formed.
- the reason why the melted and solidified layer 11 is generated when irradiating overlapping laser beams like this is because the vaporization point of phosphate constituting the insulating film layer 60 is low, phosphorus is vaporized first when irradiating overlapping laser beams, and Si and O The silicon oxides are re-solidified in an amorphous state. In this way, when an amorphous re-solidification layer is formed on the surface of the insulating film layer, corrosion characteristics are improved due to the inherent properties of the amorphous state.
- the width (M W ) of the deformed portion of the melted and solidified layer in the direction perpendicular to the length (Y direction) may be 0.05 to 10 ⁇ m. When it is within the above-mentioned range, the effect of improving iron loss and corrosion resistance by overlapping irradiation can be appropriately exhibited. More specifically, the width (M W ) of the deformed portion of the melted and solidified layer in the direction perpendicular to the length (Y direction) may be 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness (M D ) of the melted and solidified layer may be 20% or less of the thickness of the insulating film layer. If the thickness (M D ) of the melted solidified layer is too thick, the absolute thickness of the insulating film layer becomes thin, which may adversely affect corrosion resistance. It is limited to this range because the tension effect caused by the insulating film layer may be reduced, resulting in inferior iron loss. It is desirable to do so. More specifically, the thickness (M D ) of the melted and solidified layer may be 1 to 15% of the thickness of the insulating film layer. The thickness of the melted and solidified layer (M D ) refers to the depth from the surface of the insulating film to the boundary where P is 10%.
- the thickness (M D ) of the melted and solidified layer may be 50 to 500 nm.
- the insulating film layer 60 below the deformed portion 10, excluding the overlapping irradiation boundary portion 23, may have a P content of 10 to 30% by weight in a range of 100 nm from the surface in the steel sheet thickness direction.
- the energy of the laser is sufficiently large within the deformed portion 10 and the overlapping irradiation area that vaporization of the insulating film layer 60 itself occurs rather than melting, and only phosphorus (P) is not volatilized selectively. More specifically, the P content may be 12 to 25% by weight.
- the deformed part 10 is also indistinguishable from the surface of the insulating film layer other than the deformed part with the naked eye, and can be distinguished through the thickness of the insulating film layer 60 below the deformed part 10. That is, when irradiating the first laser or the second laser, the thickness of the insulating film layer on the lower part of the irradiated surface is reduced compared to the non-irradiated part.
- the deformed portion 10 is formed in the electrical steel sheet by irradiation of an overlapping laser and the melted and solidified layer 11 is formed on the insulating coating layer 60, the melted and solidified layer 11 is formed in the insulating coating layer 60. As shrinkage occurs, the thickness of the insulating film layer 60 on which the deformed part of the steel sheet is formed may change.
- the thickness of the insulating film layer 60 under the deformed part 10 may be 60 to 90% of the thickness of the insulating film layer in which the deformed part is not formed. If the thickness of the film layer in the deformed area formed on the steel plate is too thin, the corrosion resistance may deteriorate and the iron loss may deteriorate due to the tension reduction effect due to the decrease in film thickness. If it is too thick, it means that the melted and solidified layer 11 is not properly formed, and it is difficult to expect adequate improvement in iron loss.
- the thickness of the insulating film layer 60 refers to the depth from the surface of the insulating film layer 60 to the boundary where the P content is 5 wt% when the phosphorus content increases by more than 10 wt% and then falls back to 5 wt% or less.
- a metal oxide layer (glass film layer, not shown) may be further formed between the electrical steel sheet base and the insulating film layer.
- the metal oxide layer is mainly composed of forsterite
- the insulating film layer is mainly composed of phosphate and colloidal silica.
- the main component means that forsterite contains 0.7 g/m2 or more in terms of the amount of oxygen applied to one side of the surface of the steel sheet, and in the case of phosphate in the insulating film, it means that it contains 0.1 g/m2 based on the amount applied to one side of the surface of the steel sheet. It includes the above and means that colloidal silica in the insulating film contains more than 0.1 g/m2 based on the amount applied to one side of the steel sheet surface.
- the W15/50 iron loss improvement rate of this steel sheet is preferably 6% or more. If the W15/50 improvement rate is lower than this, it is difficult to expect the desired iron loss reduction effect because the laser absorption rate of the steel sheet is low.
- the W17/50 iron loss improvement rate of this steel sheet is 9% or more. If the W17/50 iron loss improvement rate is lower than this, it is difficult to expect the desired iron loss reduction effect because the laser absorption rate of the steel sheet is low.
- a slab based on electrical steel is manufactured.
- the chemical composition and metal structure of the slab are not separately limited as long as the easy axis of magnetization is aligned in a certain direction to function as an electrical steel sheet.
- the chemical composition of the slab is as follows.
- C 0.08% or less (excluding 0%), Si: 1.0 to 6.5%, Mn: 0.005 to 3.0%, (sum of any one or more of Nb, V, and Ti); 0.070% or less, (sum of any one or more of Cr, Sn, Sb): 2.5% or less, Al: 2.0% or less (excluding 0%), (sum of any one or more of P, S): 0.100% or less (0 % is excluded), (Total of Cu and Sn): 1.0% or less, total rare earth elements and other impurities include 0.2% or less, and the balance consists of Fe.
- Carbon (C) is an element that is inevitably mixed in steel, but it deteriorates magnetic properties due to self-aging, so it is desirable to control its content to an appropriate level. If the content of C in the steel sheet is too small, phase transformation does not occur sufficiently during the manufacturing process, which can cause the microstructure of the steel sheet to become non-uniform and eventually cause the secondary recrystallization pattern to become unstable. If too much C is included, carbides become coarse and precipitate during the manufacturing process. If the amount is excessive, as a result, sufficient decarburization is not achieved, which may reduce the degree of integration of the Goss texture and damage the secondary recrystallization texture. Therefore, the C content of the steel sheet is 0.08% or less, more preferably 0.001 to 0.040%.
- Silicon (Si) is the basic composition of grain-oriented electrical steel and plays a role in lowering iron loss by increasing the resistivity of the steel sheet. If it is less than 1.0%, the specific resistance decreases, the eddy current loss increases, and the iron loss characteristics deteriorate, so the effect of adding Si cannot be expected. If it is more than 6.5%, the brittleness of the steel sheet increases and the toughness decreases, which may cause sheet fracture during the rolling process. In addition, nitrides are not sufficiently formed during the manufacturing process, making it impossible to secure sufficient grain suppression required for secondary recrystallization during the final high-temperature annealing process. Therefore, 1.0 to 6.5% of Si is preferable.
- Manganese (Mn) has the effect of reducing total iron loss by increasing resistivity and reducing eddy current loss. It not only reacts with S in a lull state to create Mn-based sulfide, but also reacts with nitrogen introduced through nitriding treatment with Si. By forming precipitates of (Al, Si, Mn) N, it not only suppresses the growth of primary recrystallized grains and causes secondary recrystallization, but is also an important element that affects the surface quality of the final product. However, if too little Mn is included, the surface quality of the final product may deteriorate.
- Mn is preferably 0.005 to 3.0%.
- Niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), and titanium (Ti) are elements that react with C and N during the manufacturing process to form precipitates, but if too much is added, they remain in the steel sheet even after secondary recrystallization annealing, deteriorating the magnetic properties of the steel sheet. Therefore, it is desirable to control the total of one or more elements selected from Nb, V, and Ti to 0.05% or less.
- Total of one or more of Cr, Sn, and Sb 2.5% or less
- Chromium (Cr) is added to reduce iron loss by promoting the formation of Goss texture, and Sn is added to suppress grain growth and ultimately improve magnetic flux density.
- antimony (Sb) has the effect of stabilizing secondary recrystallization by segregating at grain boundaries and suppressing the growth of grains. Since these three elements are all related to the formation of a secondary recrystallization structure, it is desirable to control Sn, Sb, and Cr to a total of 2.5% or less.
- Aluminum (Al) in addition to the Al-based nitride precipitated during the manufacturing process, combines with N introduced through nitriding during the primary recrystallization process and Al, Si, and Mn present in solid solution in the steel to form (Al, Si, Mn)N. And it acts as a strong grain growth inhibitor by forming nitride in the form of AlN.
- Al Al
- Si Si
- Mn metal-organic nitride
- it acts as a strong grain growth inhibitor by forming nitride in the form of AlN.
- Total of at least one of P and S 0.1% or less (0% is excluded)
- Phosphorus (P) segregates at grain boundaries and plays an auxiliary role in hindering the movement of grain boundaries and suppressing grain growth, and if too much S is added, it makes secondary recrystallization formation unstable.
- P and S are elements that are inevitably added in the process of manufacturing electrical steel sheets, and it is desirable to control the total of P and S to 0.1% or less.
- Copper (Cu) plays a role in improving the texture by being partially dissolved within the crystal grains. If the Cu + Sn content is excessive, it can segregate at the grain boundaries and form a liquid phase at high temperatures, so the total amount of Cu and Sn should be less than 0.1%. Control is desirable.
- Total rare earth elements and other impurities are less than 0.2%)
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention may contain rare earth elements such as cerium (Ce) or praseodymium (Pr) and other impurities, and no matter what rare earth elements and impurities are included, the total amount is preferably 0.2% or less.
- Rare earth elements and unavoidable impurities refer to impurities that are intentionally added or unavoidably mixed during the manufacturing process of steelmaking and grain-oriented electrical steel sheets. Since the inevitable impurities are widely known, detailed descriptions are omitted.
- the addition of elements other than the above-described alloy components is not excluded, and various elements may be included within a range that does not impair the technical spirit of the present invention. If additional elements are included, they are included by replacing the remaining Fe.
- the steel sheet having the above composition is manufactured into a slab by continuous casting, then heated and hot rolled in a conventional manner, optionally annealed as a hot rolled sheet, and then cold rolled to produce a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
- cold rolling can be performed once or at least twice with intermediate annealing in between.
- Primary recrystallization annealing is performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet described above through a simultaneous decarburization or post-decarburization process.
- the structure of the cold rolling deformed during the annealing process includes recrystallization and becomes decarbonitized. For this purpose, it is carried out in a mixed gas atmosphere containing nitrogen, hydrogen, and moisture.
- nitriding after decarburization nitriding treatment to introduce nitrogen ions into the steel sheet using ammonia gas may be performed after decarburization.
- the dew point temperature of the atmospheric gas is set to 40 ⁇ 70°C in the range of 700 ⁇ 900°C for the cold rolled steel sheet charged into the furnace, and the Fe 2 SiO 4 /SiO 2 ratio on the surface is controlled to 0.5 ⁇ 3.0 to produce electrical steel sheets. Forms an oxide layer on the surface.
- an annealing separator based on MgO is applied to the surface of the electrical steel sheet, then the temperature is raised to 1,000°C or higher and crack annealed for a long time to cause secondary recrystallization, so that the ⁇ 110 ⁇ surface of the steel sheet is parallel to the rolling surface, ⁇ A Goss orientation texture is formed in which the 001> direction is parallel to the rolling direction.
- a glass film layer containing forsterite is formed on the surface of the steel sheet, and secondary recrystallization is formed inside the steel sheet.
- the steel sheet on which secondary recrystallization has been performed is coated with a single or combined insulating coating solution of colloidal silica and metal phosphate, and then annealed to form an insulating film layer on the surface of the electrical steel sheet on which the glass film layer has been formed.
- the method of forming such an insulating film layer can be used without particular limitation.
- the insulating film layer can be formed by applying an insulating coating solution containing phosphate. It is preferable to use such an insulating coating solution containing colloidal silica and metal phosphate.
- the metal phosphate may be Al phosphate, Mg phosphate, or a combination thereof, and the content of Al, Mg, or a combination thereof relative to the weight of the insulating coating liquid may be 15% by weight or more.
- This cold-rolled steel sheet was maintained at a temperature of 840°C for 150 seconds in a humid mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia (dew point temperature 69°C, Fe 2 SiO 4 /SiO 2 ratio was controlled to 1.2) and primary recrystallization annealing was performed. Including decarbonization and nitriding.
- An annealing separator containing MgO was applied to the surface of the steel sheet that had undergone primary recrystallization, and final high-temperature annealing was performed. At this time, the final high-temperature annealing was done in a mixed atmosphere of 25% by volume nitrogen and 75% by volume hydrogen up to 1,150°C. After reaching 1,150°C, it was maintained in a 100% by volume hydrogen atmosphere for about 8 hours and then furnace cooled.
- a coating solution mixed with colloidal silica nanoparticles and metal phosphate was applied to the surface of the steel sheet that had completed secondary recrystallization annealing through the final high-temperature annealing process above, and heat treated for 55 seconds at a temperature of 870°C to form an insulating coating layer for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets. formed.
- both the first laser and the second laser had an elliptical beam shape with a beam width/length ratio (beam width/beam length) of 0.55.
- the diode laser had a wavelength of 1.03 ⁇ m
- the fiber laser had a wavelength of 1.08 ⁇ m
- the CO 2 laser had a wavelength of 10.6 ⁇ m.
- the beam width of each laser was unified at 200 ⁇ m.
- the instantaneous movement speed of the steel plate in the laser irradiation area was 2.3 m/s
- the length of the deformed area was 160 mm
- the scan speed was 60 m/s
- the irradiation interval was set to 5.0 mm for laser irradiation.
- the second laser was irradiated at a 4-second interval after the first laser irradiation.
- Coercive force was measured as the applied magnetic field value required to make the magnetic flux density value 0 under an alternating magnetic field measured with a single sheet tester (SST).
- KS D 9502 For corrosion resistance, according to KS D 9502, dissolve sodium chloride in deionized water and adjust the salt concentration to 5 ⁇ 0.5%. Spray salt solution at 35°C on the specimen for a certain period of time. After spraying salt water for that period of time, take it out, wash it at room temperature, and dry it to remove surface rust. Check whether it has occurred or not. In the salt spray test, if no rust occurs on the laser under salt spray conditions for 8 hours, it is good ( ⁇ ), if no rust occurs on the laser under salt spray conditions for 7 hours, it is average ( ⁇ ), and under salt spray conditions for 4 hours, the laser is rated good ( ⁇ ). If rust occurred, it was classified as inferior ( ⁇ ).
- Example 1 Diode 1000 Diode 400 10% O 17.4 15.8 ⁇
- Example 2 Diode 1000 Diode 400 100% O 17.3 15.4 ⁇
- Example 3 CO2 1500 Fiber 400 10% O 17.3 16.0 ⁇
- Example 4 CO2 1500 Fiber 400 100% O 17.4 15.5 ⁇
- Comparative Example 1 CO2 1500 - - - X 17.3 16.5 ⁇
- Comparative Example 2 Diode 400 - - - X 17.3 17.0 ⁇ Comparative Example 3 CO2 1500 Diode 400 100% X 17.3 16.6 ⁇
- Figure 7 is a photograph analyzing the melted and solidified layer of the steel sheet manufactured in Example 1. As shown in Figure 7, it can be confirmed that a melted and solidified layer with a width of about 300 nm is formed. As shown in Figure 8, it can be seen that the thickness of the melted and solidified layer is about 200 nm.
- Figure 7 is a photograph of the coagulated layer analyzed using FIB (Focused Ion Beam)-TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). To generate ions by applying an acceleration voltage to the FIB Source and to selectively observe the ions using an electric field. The desired part of the sample was processed by scanning the area and observed using TEM.
- FIB Frocused Ion Beam
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
- Experimental Example 1 was performed in the same manner, but the laser irradiation interval and scanning speed were changed as shown in Table 3 below. In Examples 5 to 7, the overlap ratio was set to 100%. In Comparative Example 6, the second laser was irradiated at an interval of 4 seconds after the first laser irradiation.
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Abstract
Description
| C (%) |
Si (%) |
Mn (%) |
Cr (%) |
Sn (%) |
Sb (%) |
Al (%) |
잔부 |
| 0.05 | 3.518 | 0.103 | 0.113 | 0.0699 | 0.019 | 0.003 | Fe |
| 제1 레이저 | 제2 레이저 | 중첩비율 | 용융 응고층 존재 | 조사전 | 조사후 | 내식성 | |||
| 종류 | 출력 (W) |
종류 | 출력 (W) |
보자력 (A/m) |
보자력 (A/m) |
||||
| 실시예 1 | Diode | 1000 | Diode | 400 | 10% | O | 17.4 | 15.8 | ◎ |
| 실시예 2 | Diode | 1000 | Diode | 400 | 100% | O | 17.3 | 15.4 | ◎ |
| 실시예 3 | CO2 | 1500 | Fiber | 400 | 10% | O | 17.3 | 16.0 | ◎ |
| 실시예 4 | CO2 | 1500 | Fiber | 400 | 100% | O | 17.4 | 15.5 | ◎ |
| 비교예 1 | CO2 | 1500 | - | - | - | X | 17.3 | 16.5 | ○ |
| 비교예 2 | Diode | 400 | - | - | - | X | 17.3 | 17.0 | ○ |
| 비교예 3 | CO2 | 1500 | Diode | 400 | 100% | X | 17.3 | 16.6 | △ |
| 제1 레이저 | 제2 레이저 | 조사간격 (mm) |
스캔속도 (m/s) |
용융 응고층 존재 | 조사전 | 조사후 | 내식성 | |||
| 종류 | 출력 (W) |
종류 | 출력 (W) |
W17/50 (W/kg) |
W17/50 (W/kg) |
|||||
| 실시예 5 | CO2 | 1500 | Diode | 400 | 3.0 | 124 | O | 0.82 | 0.71 | ◎ |
| 실시예 6 | CO2 | 1500 | Diode | 400 | 5.0 | 75 | O | 0.82 | 0.70 | ◎ |
| 실시예 7 | CO2 | 1500 | Diode | 400 | 7.0 | 53 | O | 0.82 | 0.71 | ◎ |
| 비교예 4 | Diode | 400 | - | - | 5.0 | 75 | X | 0.82 | 0.80 | △ |
| 비교예 5 | CO2 | 1500 | - | - | 5.0 | 75 | X | 0.82 | 0.78 | △ |
| 비교예 6 | CO2 | 1500 | Diode | 400 | 5.0 | 75 | X | 0.81 | 0.78 | △ |
Claims (11)
- 전기강판 기재; 및상기 전기강판 기재 상에 위치하는 절연 피막층을 포함하고,상기 절연 피막층 표면에 선형의 변형부가 존재하고,상기 변형부 내에 중복조사 경계부가 존재하고,상기 중복조사 경계부 하부에는 용융 응고층이 존재하고, 상기 용융 응고층은 P를 10 중량% 이하로 포함하는 방향성 전기강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 용융 응고층의 변형부 길이 수직 방향의 폭(MW)은 0.05 내지 10㎛ 인 방향성 전기강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 용융 응고층의 두께(MD)는 절연 피막층 두께의 20% 이하인 방향성 전기강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 중복 조사 경계부를 제외한 변형부 하부의 절연 피막층은 표면으로부터 강판 두께 방향으로 100nm 범위에서 P 함량이 10 내지 20 중량%인 방향성 전기강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 변형부 하부의 절연 피막층의 두께는 변형부가 형성되지 않은 절연 피막층 두께의 60 내지 90%인 방향성 전기강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전기강판 기재 및 절연 피막층 사이에 금속 산화물 층이 개재된 방향성 전기강판.
- 제1 파장을 갖는 제1 레이저 빔을 조사하는 제1 조사 단계; 및제2 파장을 갖는 제2 레이저 빔을 조사하는 제2 조사 단계를 포함하고,상기 제1 레이저 빔의 제1 빔스팟과 상기 제2 레이저 빔의 제2 빔스팟은 10% 이상 중첩되는 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제1 레이저 및 제2 레이저는 CO2 레이저, 광섬유 레이저, YAG 레이저, 루비 레이저, 사파이어 레이저, 디스크 레이저, 다이오드 레이저 또는 UV 레이저 중에서 선택되는 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제1 레이저 및 제2 레이저는 각각 출력이 10 내지 2000W인 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제1 레이저는 및 상기 제2 레이저는 파장이 서로 상이한 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 중첩 위치에서, 상기 제1 레이저 빔의 조사되는 시간 및 제2 레이저 빔이 조사 되는 시간의 간격이 16ms 이하인 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법.
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| EP23907443.8A EP4640853A4 (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-11-20 | Grain-oriented electric steel sheet and method for refining magnetic domains within it |
| CN202380087922.8A CN120380176A (zh) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-11-20 | 取向电钢板及其磁畴微细化方法 |
| JP2025536904A JP2026501316A (ja) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-11-20 | 方向性電磁鋼板及びその磁区微細化方法 |
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| KR20240098423A (ko) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판 및 그의 제조 방법 |
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| CN103596720A (zh) * | 2011-06-01 | 2014-02-19 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 方向性电磁钢板的制造装置及方向性电磁钢板的制造方法 |
| KR101395799B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-05-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법 및 이에 의해 제조되는 방향성 전기강판 |
| KR20200072273A (ko) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 장치 및 방향성 전기강판 |
| KR20210079129A (ko) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판 및 그 자구미세화 방법 |
| WO2022045264A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
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| US6368424B1 (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 2002-04-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets having excellent magnetic characteristics, its manufacturing method and its manufacturing device |
| JP4515034B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-28 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| US7279721B2 (en) * | 2005-04-13 | 2007-10-09 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Dual wavelength thermal flux laser anneal |
| US20120074117A1 (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. | In-situ heating and co-annealing for laser annealed junction formation |
| JP6003197B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-07 | 2016-10-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 磁区細分化処理方法 |
| CN110106320B (zh) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-09-11 | 南京苏星智能装备有限公司 | 一种智能多头取向硅钢激光刻痕装备及其控制方法 |
| KR20240098423A (ko) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| KR20240098885A (ko) * | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판 및 그의 제조 방법 |
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| CN103596720A (zh) * | 2011-06-01 | 2014-02-19 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 方向性电磁钢板的制造装置及方向性电磁钢板的制造方法 |
| KR101395799B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-05-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기강판의 자구 미세화 방법 및 이에 의해 제조되는 방향성 전기강판 |
| KR20200072273A (ko) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판의 자구 미세화 장치 및 방향성 전기강판 |
| KR20210079129A (ko) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판 및 그 자구미세화 방법 |
| WO2022045264A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
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| EP4640853A1 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
| KR20240098852A (ko) | 2024-06-28 |
| CN120380176A (zh) | 2025-07-25 |
| EP4640853A4 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
| JP2026501316A (ja) | 2026-01-14 |
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