WO2024136299A1 - 강판 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
강판 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024136299A1 WO2024136299A1 PCT/KR2023/020641 KR2023020641W WO2024136299A1 WO 2024136299 A1 WO2024136299 A1 WO 2024136299A1 KR 2023020641 W KR2023020641 W KR 2023020641W WO 2024136299 A1 WO2024136299 A1 WO 2024136299A1
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to high-strength steel sheets used in automobile structural members, etc., and more specifically, to steel sheets with excellent formability and fracture resistance and a method of manufacturing the same.
- high-strength automotive materials can be divided into precipitation-strengthened steel, bake-hardened steel, solid solution-strengthened steel, and transformation-strengthened steel.
- the transformation reinforced steel includes dual phase steel (DP steel), complex phase steel (CP steel), or transformation induced plasticity (TRIP steel) steel. These transformed reinforced steels are also called Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS).
- DP steel dual phase steel
- CP steel complex phase steel
- TRIP steel transformation induced plasticity steel
- AHSS Advanced High Strength Steel
- DP steel is a steel that secures high strength by finely and homogeneously dispersing hard martensite within soft ferrite, while CP steel contains two or three phases of ferrite, martensite, and bainite, improving strength.
- This is a steel to which precipitation hardening elements such as Ti and Nb are added.
- TRIP steel is a steel that contains fine and homogeneously dispersed residual austenite, and when processed at room temperature, the retained austenite phase is transformed into martensite, thereby ensuring high strength and high ductility.
- high-strength steel with excellent yield strength is used in structural members such as members, seat rails, and pillars.
- the yield strength compared to the tensile strength must be improved.
- a representative way to achieve this is to use water cooling during continuous annealing. This means that a steel sheet having a tempered martensite microstructure can be manufactured by cracking it in an annealing process, forming martensite by immersing it in water, and then performing a tempering process.
- this method has very serious disadvantages, such as poor shape quality due to temperature differences in the width and length directions during water cooling, deterioration of workability such as cracks during molding, and variation in recoating by location.
- Patent Document 1 refers to continuous annealing of steel containing more than 0.18% of carbon (C), water cooling to room temperature, and then overaging treatment at a temperature of 120 to 300°C for 1 to 15 minutes.
- C carbon
- a martensitic steel material with a volume ratio of martensite of 80 to 97% is disclosed.
- the yield ratio is very high, but a problem occurs in which the shape quality of the coil deteriorates due to temperature deviation in the width and length directions, resulting in cracks occurring during forming processing and workability. Problems such as degradation occur.
- Patent Document 2 is a steel sheet composed of a composite structure mainly composed of martensite, and discloses a method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet in which fine precipitated copper particles with a particle size of 1 to 100 nm are dispersed inside the structure to improve processability.
- Cu is excessively added at 2 to 5% by weight to precipitate fine copper particles, there is a risk of red heat embrittlement caused by Cu and the manufacturing cost increases excessively.
- Patent Document 3 is a precipitation-strengthened steel sheet containing 2 to 10 area% of pearlite with ferrite as the base structure. Precipitation strengthening and crystal grain formation are achieved by adding carbon-nitride forming elements such as Nb, Ti, and V. We are trying to improve strength through miniaturization.
- This steel plate has good hole expandability, but has limitations in increasing tensile strength, and has a high yield strength and low ductility, causing cracks to occur during press forming.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet that secures both high strength and high ductility using tempered martensite and has an excellent plate shape after continuous annealing, but has poor weldability due to the high carbon content of 0.2% or more, and Si If it is contained in large amounts, there is a risk of denter defects occurring within the furnace.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1992-289120
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-264176
- Patent Document 3 Korean Patent Publication No. 2015-0073844
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-090432
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a steel plate suitable for automobile structural members, etc., which has not only high strength but also excellent formability and fracture resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the object of the present invention is not limited to the above-described content.
- the subject of the present invention can be understood from the overall content of the present specification, and those skilled in the art will have no difficulty in understanding the additional subject of the present invention.
- One aspect of the present invention is weight percent, carbon (C): 0.1 ⁇ 0.2%, silicon (Si): 0.5 ⁇ 1.3%, aluminum (Al) 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), manganese (Mn): 1.9 ⁇ 3.0%, Molybdenum (Mo): 0.3% or less, Chromium (Cr): 1% or less (excluding 0%), Phosphorus (P): 0.1% or less, Sulfur (S): 0.1% or less, the remainder is Fe and other inevitable Contains impurities,
- Microstructure is expressed in area %, ferrite: 10 ⁇ 35%, retained austenite: 3 ⁇ 15%, fresh martensite: 20% or less (excluding 0%), the remainder includes one or more of tempered martensite and bainite. do,
- the fresh martensite relates to a steel sheet in which the fraction of fresh martensite, in which the distance between fresh martensite phases is three times or more than the grain size of fresh martensite, is 30% or more.
- each element refers to its weight content.
- the fraction of fresh martensite may satisfy the following equation 2.
- FM T is the total fresh martensite fraction
- FM TM+B means the fresh martensite fraction in contact with tempered martensite or bainite among the fresh martensite fractions.
- the steel plate may have yield strength (YS), uniform elongation (U-El), and tensile strength (TS) that satisfy the following equation 3.
- the steel plate may have yield strength (YS), non-uniform ductility (P-El, Post Uniform Elongation), and tensile strength (TS) that satisfy the following equation 4.
- the steel sheet may further contain boron (B): 0.01% or less.
- the steel sheet may further include one or more of titanium (Ti): 0.05% or less and niobium (Nb): 0.05% or less.
- the steel sheet may further include a zinc-based plating layer.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is weight percent, carbon (C): 0.1 to 0.2%, silicon (Si): 0.5 to 1.3%, aluminum (Al) 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), manganese (Mn): 1.9. ⁇ 3.0%, Molybdenum (Mo): 0.3% or less, Chromium (Cr): 1% or less (excluding 0%), Phosphorus (P): 0.1% or less, Sulfur (S): 0.1% or less, the remainder is Fe and others Heating a steel slab containing unavoidable impurities and satisfying the following equation 1 for C, Si, Al, Mn, Cr and Mo at a temperature range of 1100 to 1300°C;
- the cold rolling relates to a method of manufacturing a steel plate in which the cold rolling is performed at a cumulative reduction rate of 25% or more for the first 1 to 3 stands.
- each element refers to its weight content.
- the continuous annealing can be performed at a temperature of 800 to 880°C.
- the cooling rate during the secondary cooling may be faster than the cooling rate during the primary cooling.
- the secondary cooling can be performed in a hydrogen quenching facility using hydrogen (H 2 ) gas.
- the step of maintaining the secondary cooling for 30 seconds may be further included.
- the step of hot dip galvanizing in a plating bath at 430 to 490°C may be further included.
- the step of alloying heat treatment may be further included.
- cooling at a cooling rate of 5°C/s or more to a temperature of Ms to 100°C or less may be further included, followed by temper rolling of less than 2%.
- the present invention by providing a steel plate with high tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and excellent formability, it is possible to manufacture various parts with complex shapes by preventing processing defects that occur during part processing. Additionally, fracture resistance is improved, which can contribute to improving the safety of parts and vehicles.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the change in relational equation 3 according to relational equation 1 in the results of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the change in relational equation 4 according to relational equation 1 in the results of an embodiment of the present invention.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted in-depth research to provide a high-strength steel sheet with excellent formability and fracture resistance.
- the content of each element is based on weight, and the ratio of tissue is based on area.
- the steel sheet contains carbon (C): 0.1 to 0.2%, silicon (Si): 0.5 to 1.3%, aluminum (Al): 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), manganese (Mn): 1.9 to 3.0%, and molybdenum (Mo). : 0.3% or less, Chromium (Cr): 1% or less (excluding 0%), Phosphorus (P): 0.1% or less, Sulfur (S): 0.1% or less, the remainder may include Fe and other inevitable impurities.
- the C is a very important element added to strengthen the steel transformation tissue. This C promotes high strength of steel and promotes the formation of martensite in composite structure steel. As the C content increases, the amount of martensite increases.
- the C content exceeds 0.2%, the strength increases due to martensite formation, but the difference in strength from ferrite with a low carbon concentration increases. This difference in strength causes damage to easily occur at the interface between phases during plastic deformation, resulting in a decrease in ductility and strain hardening rate. In addition, due to poor weldability, welding defects occur during part processing, and LME (Liquid Metal Embrittlement) cracks occur during welding, impairing part performance.
- the C content is less than 0.1%, it is difficult to secure the target level of strength and it is difficult to secure a certain percentage of retained austenite phase required for ductility. It is more advantageous for the C content to be 0.10 to 0.20%. More advantageously, it can be set to 0.12 to 0.18%.
- the Si is a ferrite stabilizing element and is an element that contributes to the formation of martensite by promoting the transformation of ferrite and promoting the concentration of carbon (C) in untransformed austenite.
- Si has excellent solid solution strengthening ability and is effective in reducing the difference in hardness between phases by increasing the strength of ferrite.
- by effectively suppressing the precipitation of carbides in bainite when maintained in the bainite region it promotes C enrichment in untransformed austenite and delays the transformation of martensite when quenched at low temperature, thereby forming residual austenite necessary for ductility of the steel sheet. It is a useful element for improving ductility.
- Si is a useful element that can secure the strength of the steel sheet without reducing its ductility.
- the Si content exceeds 1.3%, it causes surface scale defects, which adversely affects the plating surface quality, impairs chemical treatment properties, and causes welding defects when processing parts due to poor weldability. In particular, LME cracks occur during welding, deteriorating component performance.
- the content is less than 0.5%, it is difficult to secure a certain percentage of retained austenite phase required for ductility, and the strength of ferrite is lowered due to poor solid solution hardenability, which limits the ability to reduce the hardness difference between phases, which may reduce formability. It is more advantageous for the Si content to be 0.50 to 1.30%. More advantageously, it can be set to 0.7 to 1.2%.
- the aluminum more preferably acid-soluble aluminum (Sol.Al), is an element added to refine the particle size of steel and deoxidize it, and, similar to Si, is a ferrite stabilizing element.
- the Al is a useful element for improving the hardenability of martensite by distributing carbon in ferrite into austenite.
- Ductility can be improved.
- the Al content exceeds 0.5%, inclusions are excessively formed during steel casting operations, which not only increases the possibility of surface defects occurring on the surface of the steel sheet, but also causes an increase in manufacturing costs. In addition, due to poor weldability, there is a risk of welding defects occurring when processing parts. Therefore, the Al may be included in an amount of 0.5% or less, and 0% is excluded. It is more advantageous for the Al content to be 0.50% or less.
- the Mn is an effective element in refining the particles without reducing ductility, completely precipitating sulfur (S) in the steel into MnS, preventing hot embrittlement due to the formation of FeS, and strengthening the steel.
- the Mn makes the formation of martensite easier by lowering the critical cooling rate at which the martensite phase is obtained in composite structure steel.
- Mn content is less than 1.9%, it is difficult to secure the strength targeted by the present invention.
- content exceeds 3.0%, problems such as weldability and hot rolling are likely to occur, and not only is the material unstable due to excessive formation of martensite, but a manganese oxide band (Mn-Band) is formed within the structure. The risk of forming defects such as processing cracks and plate fractures increases.
- Mn oxide is eluted to the surface during the annealing process, greatly deteriorating the surface quality.
- Mn can be included in the range of 1.9 to 3.0%, and it is more advantageous to include 1.90 to 3.00%. More advantageously, it can be set at 2.0 to 2.8%.
- the Mo is an element that can be selectively included to delay the transformation of austenite into pearlite and improve the refinement and strength of ferrite.
- This Mo improves the hardenability of steel and has the advantage of allowing the yield ratio to be controlled by finely forming martensite at the grain boundaries.
- the manufacturing cost increases as its content increases, making it economically disadvantageous.
- Mo may be added at a maximum of 0.3%. If the Mo content exceeds 0.3%, the alloy cost rapidly increases, which reduces economic efficiency, and the grain refinement effect and solid solution strengthening effect occur excessively, which reduces the ductility of the steel. It is more advantageous for the Mo content to be 0.30% or less.
- Cr is an element added to improve the hardenability of steel and ensure high strength, and plays an important role in the formation of martensite.
- it is advantageous for manufacturing composite structure steel with high ductility by minimizing the decrease in elongation relative to the increase in strength.
- Cr-based carbides such as Cr 23 C 6 are formed. Some of these carbides are dissolved during the annealing process, and some remain undissolved, controlling the amount of dissolved C in martensite below the appropriate level after cooling. This is advantageous for manufacturing composite steel with a low yield ratio by suppressing the occurrence of yield point elongation (YP-El).
- the Cr content exceeds 1.0%, not only are the above-described effects saturated, but there is a problem in that the hot-rolling strength increases excessively and the cold-rolling properties deteriorate. Additionally, as Cr-based carbides are excessively formed and coarsened, the size of martensite becomes coarse after annealing, resulting in a decrease in elongation. It is more advantageous for the Cr content to be 1.00% or less.
- Phosphorus (P) 0.1% or less
- the P is a substitutional element that has a large solid solution strengthening effect, and is the most advantageous element in improving in-plane anisotropy and securing strength without significantly impairing formability.
- P may be included in an amount of 0.1% or less, and 0% may be excluded in consideration of the level that is inevitably added during the steel manufacturing process.
- S is an impurity that is inevitably added to steel and is an element that impairs ductility and weldability, so it is advantageous to keep its content as low as possible.
- 0% can be excluded.
- the B is an element that delays the transformation of austenite into pearlite during the cooling process during annealing, and is an element that can be selectively included to secure hardenability to suppress ferrite formation and promote martensite formation. If the B content exceeds 0.01%, there is a problem in that B is excessively concentrated on the steel surface, deteriorating plating adhesion, etc. Therefore, B may be included in an amount of 0.01% or less. It is more advantageous for the content of B to be 0.010% or less.
- it may further include one or more of titanium (Ti): 0.05% or less and niobium (Nb): 0.05% or less.
- the Ti and Nb are elements effective in increasing the strength of steel and refining grains by forming nano-precipitates. When these elements are added, they combine with carbon to form very fine nano-precipitates, and these nano-precipitates serve to strengthen the matrix structure and reduce the difference in hardness between phases.
- each may be included in an amount of 0.05% or less. It is more advantageous for the content of Ti and Nb to be 0.050% or less.
- the remaining ingredient is iron (Fe).
- Fe iron
- the steel sheet It is effective for the steel sheet to have C, Si, Al, Mn, Cr, and Mo among the above-described alloy compositions that satisfy the following relational equation 1.
- each element refers to its weight content.
- the interphase distance of the fresh martensite phase which has very high hardness, which can be subject to significant local stress concentration during press forming or collision, is widened, and its distribution is centered around the tempered martensite and bainite structures. By dispersing it finely and evenly, it relieves the local stress concentration occurring in fresh martensite and delays the creation and coalescence of voids that occur around fresh martensite, ensuring excellent formability without cracks during the press molding process. can do. Additionally, by delaying destruction even in the event of a vehicle collision, destruction resistance can be improved.
- Microstructure is an area fraction: ferrite: 10 to 35%, retained austenite: 3 to 15%, fresh martensite: 20% or less (excluding 0%), and the remainder includes one or more of tempered martensite and bainite. can do.
- the ferrite is very important in securing formability and strength. As the fraction of ferrite increases, carbon accumulates as untransformed austenite, lowering the martensite transformation temperature below room temperature, which can contribute to securing retained austenite at room temperature. In addition, since ferrite is easily transformed into a soft phase, it can contribute to securing ductility in itself. For this purpose, it is effective to have 10% or more of ferrite. If the ferrite fraction exceeds 35%, the strength decreases and the desired strength cannot be secured, and if it is less than 10%, the ductility contribution effect of the ferrite itself cannot be expected, and the accumulation of carbon in austenite is inhibited, thereby preventing the desired strength. It is difficult to secure the retained austenite fraction.
- the carbon introduced into bainite or martensite moves to the surrounding untransformed austenite and accumulates, thereby lowering the martensite transformation temperature to below room temperature.
- retained austenite can be secured at room temperature.
- the retained austenite is secured at 3% or more, it is advantageous to secure the ductility of the steel sheet by causing transformation induced plasticity during forming.
- plated steel sheets tend to be vulnerable to liquid metal embrittlement during spot welding for assembly of automobile parts, so it is effective not to exceed 15%.
- the fresh martensite is very effective in securing strength, but when the fraction exceeds 20%, the fresh martensite cannot be finely and evenly dispersed around the tempered martensite or bainite structure.
- fresh martensite When fresh martensite is concentrated, due to its high hardness, it may receive a large local stress concentration during forming or collision, which may cause brittleness or destruction. In other words, formability may be reduced.
- the remainder of the microstructure is one or more of tempered martensite and bainite phases. If at least one of the phases is included at more than 40%, carbon can be concentrated in the untransformed austenite, and retained austenite, which contributes to ductility, can be generated at a 3 to 15% fraction, and the fresh martensite fraction can also be controlled to 20% or less. It becomes possible. Accordingly, fresh martensite can be finely and evenly distributed around the tempered martensite or bainite structure. However, if the fraction is less than 40%, the desired retained austenite fraction cannot be secured, and the final fresh martensite fraction produced also exceeds 20%, so fine fresh martensite must be selected around tempered martensite or bainite. It is difficult to finely disperse.
- fresh martensite is the microstructure with the highest strength among the microstructure phases. If fresh martensite is finely and evenly distributed, when strain is applied during the press forming process of a part, the local stress concentration applied to the fresh martensite is distributed to neighboring microstructures and relieved. Accordingly, it delays the creation and coalescence of pores and thus has excellent moldability without the occurrence of processing cracks when forming parts. On the other hand, when the fresh martensite is coarse and unevenly concentrated, the stress is concentrated locally on the fresh martensite, making it easy to create and coalesce pores. Accordingly, processing cracks occur during part molding, which reduces formability.
- fresh martensite when fresh martensite is finely and evenly dispersed during a vehicle collision, it relieves local stress concentration and delays the creation and coalescence of pores, thereby improving collision destruction resistance. However, if fresh martensite is coarse and uneven, it can improve collision destruction resistance. If it is concentrated, stress is concentrated locally on the fresh martensite, making it easy to create and coalesce pores, resulting in poor resistance to destruction in the event of a vehicle collision.
- the fresh martensite in the steel sheet may have a proportion of 30% or more of fresh martensite in which the distance between fresh martensite phases is 3 times or more than the fresh martensite grain size. If the fraction of fresh martensite whose fresh martensite interphase distance (L) is more than 3 times the fresh martensite grain size (d) (L > 3d) is more than 30%, local stress concentration in the fresh martensite described above is prevented. The effect of delaying pore creation and coalescence can be maximized to improve formability and collision fracture resistance. However, if the fraction is less than 30%, local stress concentration in fresh martensite is increased to promote pore creation and coalescence. It has inferior formability and collision fracture resistance.
- the fresh martensite fraction may be effective for the fresh martensite fraction to satisfy the following equation 2.
- FM T is the total fresh martensite fraction
- FM TM+B means the fresh martensite fraction in contact with tempered martensite or bainite among the fresh martensite fractions.
- the steel sheet of the present invention not only has a high tensile strength (TS) of 980 MPa or more, a yield strength (YS) of 700 MPa or more, and a total elongation (T-El) of 13% or more, but also has a tensile strength (TS) of 980 MPa or more,
- TS tensile strength
- U-El uniform ductility
- TS tensile strength
- YS tensile strength
- P-El non-uniform ductility
- the strain rate up to rupture is called Total Elongation (T-El)
- the strain rate up to the maximum load point is called Uniform Elongation (U-El)
- the strain rate up to the maximum load point is called Uniform Elongation (U-El).
- the strain rate up to time is defined as Post Uniform Elongation (P-El).
- relational equation 3 means that when fine fresh martensite is evenly distributed by controlling the microstructure as mentioned above, excellent formability is achieved despite the high yield strength. In addition, if the non-uniform ductility is excellent, even if necking occurs, more deformation must be required until the final material fractures. It is more advantageous for the above relational expression 3 to be 6.0 or more.
- Equation 4 is that, as mentioned above, when the microstructure is controlled and the fine fresh martensite is evenly distributed, the yield strength is high and the uneven ductility is excellent, thereby delaying the creation and coalescence of pores within the structure in the event of a vehicle collision, thereby preventing collision destruction. This means that the resistance is excellent. It is more advantageous for the above equation 4 to be 3.0 or more. In summary, if equations 3 and 4 are satisfied, it means that it is a steel material that has high yield strength, excellent formability of parts, and excellent fracture resistance in case of vehicle collision.
- the steel sheet of the present invention may be a cold-rolled steel sheet, a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet including a zinc-based plating layer on at least one surface of the cold-rolled steel sheet, or an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet obtained by alloying the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
- the zinc-based plating layer may be a zinc plating layer mainly containing zinc, or a zinc alloy plating layer containing aluminum and/or magnesium in addition to zinc.
- the present invention can manufacture the desired steel sheet through the process of [steel slab reheating - hot rolling - winding - cold rolling - continuous annealing - cooling - reheating and holding], and then [hot dip galvanizing - alloying heat treatment], etc. Further processes can be performed.
- the heating process is not specifically proposed, and normal heating conditions are sufficient. As a preferred example, it can be carried out at a temperature range of 1100 to 1300°C. If the heating temperature is less than 1100°C, there is a problem in that friction increases between the steel sheet and the rolling mill, causing a rapid increase in the load on the roller during hot rolling. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 1300°C, not only does the energy cost required to raise the temperature increase, but the amount of surface scale increases, which may lead to material loss.
- a hot rolled steel sheet can be manufactured by finishing hot rolling the steel slab heated according to the above above the Ar3 transformation point.
- hot rolling conditions are not particularly limited and can be performed at a normal hot rolling temperature.
- the finishing hot rolling may be performed at a temperature range of 800 to 1000°C.
- the hot rolled steel sheet manufactured according to the above can be wound, and this can be done at a temperature range of 400 to 700°C.
- the strength of the hot rolled steel sheet may increase excessively, causing rolling load during subsequent cold rolling.
- excessive cost and time are required to cool the hot rolled steel sheet to the coiling temperature, which causes an increase in process costs.
- the temperature exceeds 700°C, excessive scale is generated on the surface of the hot rolled steel sheet, which is likely to cause surface defects and weaken plating properties.
- cooling refers to the average cooling rate.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet wound according to the above can be cold-rolled to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet, and this can be done at a cold rolling reduction rate (total rolling reduction rate) of 30 to 80%.
- the present invention increases the energy stored inside the steel by increasing the cumulative reduction rate of the initial stand, preferably stands 1 to 3, to 25% or more during cold rolling, thereby recrystallizing ferrite in the subsequent annealing process.
- the effect of acting as a driving force that promotes can be achieved. Because of this, it is possible to provide the effect of lowering the fraction of unrecrystallized ferrite in the steel.
- the cumulative reduction rate of the initial stands 1 to 3 is less than 25%, or the cold rolling rate (total reduction rate) up to the final stand is less than 30%, not only is it difficult to secure the target thickness, but also the steel plate There is a problem where shape correction becomes difficult. In addition, there is a problem that ductility decreases as the fraction of unrecrystallized ferrite increases.
- the cold rolling reduction rate to the final stand during cold rolling exceeds 80%, the strength increases, causing a roll load during cold rolling, and the possibility of cracks occurring at the edge of the steel sheet increases. there is.
- the cold rolling can be performed using a rolling mill consisting of 5 or 6 stands, but it is not limited to this.
- the continuous annealing treatment may be performed in a continuous alloying hot dip plating furnace.
- the continuous annealing step is a process for forming ferrite and austenite phases and decomposing carbon at the same time as recrystallization.
- the continuous annealing treatment is preferably performed in the temperature range of Ac1+30°C to Ac3+30°C, and more advantageously can be performed in the temperature range of 800 to 880°C.
- the temperature during the continuous annealing is less than Ac1+30°C, sufficient recrystallization cannot be achieved, and it is difficult to form sufficient austenite, making it difficult to secure the target level of tempered martensite, fresh martensite, and bainite fractions after annealing. I can't.
- the temperature exceeds Ac3+30°C, the austenite grain size becomes coarse, making it impossible to form a fine retained austenite phase evenly around the hard phase.
- productivity is reduced, and the formation of surface concentrates is intensified by elements that reduce the wettability of hot-dip galvanizing, such as Si, Mn, and B due to high-temperature annealing, making it impossible to ensure plating surface quality.
- the cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 10°C/s or less (excluding 0°C/s) from 450 to 670°C (cooling at this time is referred to as primary cooling), and then at 5°C from 250 to 500°C. It is desirable to cool at an average cooling rate of more than /s (cooling at this time is called secondary cooling).
- the fractions of martensite and bainite must be secured in the subsequent secondary cooling process.
- the primary cooling can be performed at an average cooling rate of 10°C/s or less (excluding 0°C/s) from 450 to 670°C.
- the subsequent secondary cooling is terminated below Ms (martensite transformation start temperature)
- Ms martensite transformation start temperature
- a relatively large amount of martensite phase can be formed.
- it is advantageous to control the termination temperature of the primary cooling as low as possible. do.
- the subsequent secondary cooling is terminated in the bainite temperature range, the bainite phase can be relatively favorably formed, and for this purpose, it is advantageous to control the end temperature of the primary cooling to be higher.
- cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 10°C/s or less (excluding 0°C/s) from 450 to 700°C, and preferably, when the subsequent secondary cooling is completed at Ms or lower, the primary cooling is It is preferably carried out to a temperature range of 450 to 600°C, and when the subsequent secondary cooling is completed in the bainite temperature range, the first cooling is preferably carried out to a temperature range of 550 to 700°C .
- the primary cooling can be performed at an average cooling rate of 1°C/s or more.
- the cooling end temperature and cooling rate can be controlled to induce the formation of the target microstructure.
- quenched martensite When cooling is performed below Ms during the secondary cooling, quenched martensite is formed. As the temperature decreases, the fraction of quenched martensite increases, which can lead to an improvement in the strength of the steel sheet. In addition, during the subsequent heat treatment (reheating process of the present invention), it is tempered to become tempered martensite, and the supersaturated carbon in the martensite is distributed to the surrounding untransformed austenite, thereby increasing the stability of the retained austenite and improving ductility. can do.
- the bainite fraction can be increased.
- carbide precipitation is delayed due to the effects of Si and Al during the bainite transformation process, and as carbon is distributed from bainite to surrounding untransformed austenite, the stability of retained austenite increases and ductility can be improved.
- the fraction of quenched martensite increases excessively, which causes the fraction of retained austenite to decrease and the shape of the steel sheet to become inferior.
- the temperature exceeds 500°C bainite is not sufficiently formed, so the fraction of the retained austenite phase decreases, and in the subsequent process, the fraction of the fresh martensite phase increases significantly, causing an excessive increase in strength.
- the average cooling rate during the secondary cooling is less than 5°C/s, there is a risk that the bainite phase may not be formed at the target level as the pearlite phase is formed.
- the upper limit of the average cooling rate is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art will be able to select it appropriately considering the specifications of the cooling equipment. As an example, it may be performed at 100°C/s or less.
- the secondary cooling can be performed using a hydrogen cooling facility using hydrogen gas (H 2 gas).
- H 2 gas hydrogen gas
- the type of gas used in the hydrogen cooling facility is not limited, but for example, it can be controlled to 60-70% hydrogen (H 2 ) and the balance nitrogen (N 2 ).
- the cooling rate during secondary cooling can be faster than the cooling rate during primary cooling.
- the effect of tempering martensite or further increasing the amount of bainite transformation can be obtained. If the holding time is less than 30 seconds, it becomes difficult to expect the above effect.
- the microstructure intended in the present invention can be formed through the process of reheating and maintaining the cold rolled steel sheet for which stepwise cooling has been completed according to the above. Specifically, it is preferable to go through a process of reheating the secondary cooled cold rolled steel sheet to a temperature of 490°C or lower and maintaining it for 20 seconds or more.
- the quenched martensite generated in the previous cooling process can be transformed into tempered martensite, and bainite transformation is also accompanied.
- the reheating temperature can be performed at 490°C or lower, and more advantageously, at 470°C or lower.
- the present invention can provide a plated steel sheet by plating the cold rolled steel sheet manufactured according to the above.
- hot dip galvanizing can be performed under normal conditions, but for example, it can be performed at a temperature range of 430 to 490°C.
- the composition of the hot dip zinc plating bath during hot dip galvanizing is not particularly limited, and may be a pure zinc plating bath or a zinc alloy plating bath containing Si, Al, Mg, etc.
- an alloyed hot-dip zinc-based galvanized steel sheet can be obtained by alloying and heat-treating the hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet.
- alloying heat treatment process conditions there are no particular restrictions on alloying heat treatment process conditions, and normal conditions may be used.
- the alloying heat treatment process can be performed in a temperature range of 480 to 600°C.
- a final cooling and temper rolling process may be performed after the hot dip galvanizing or alloying heat treatment.
- Fresh martensite can be further introduced by final cooling the steel sheet that has been hot-dip galvanized or alloyed heat treated according to the above. At this time, the final cooling is preferably performed at a cooling rate of 5°C/s or more to a temperature of Ms or less.
- the cooling rate during cooling is less than 5°C/s, the fresh martensite phase cannot be secured at the intended level during the cooling process. Meanwhile, the upper limit of the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but may be performed at 50°C/s or less to form a certain percentage of pressed martensite phase.
- the reduction rate is less than 2% (excluding 0%). If the reduction ratio is more than 2%, it is advantageous in terms of dislocation formation, but side effects such as plate fracture may occur due to limitations in equipment capacity.
- each heated slab was subjected to final hot rolling at 900°C, which is above the Ar3 transformation point temperature, to produce a hot rolled steel sheet.
- each hot rolled steel sheet was wound at the temperature shown in Table 2 and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0.1°C/s or less. Afterwards, the cooled hot-rolled steel sheet was cold-rolled to produce a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the cumulative reduction ratio of stands 1 to 3 was set to 25%, and the total reduction ratio was set to 60%.
- each cold rolled steel sheet was subjected to continuous annealing under the conditions shown in Table 2 below, followed by primary cooling (slow cooling), secondary cooling (rapid cooling), maintenance, and reheating.
- primary cooling slow cooling
- secondary cooling rapid cooling
- maintenance reheating
- reheating to a temperature of 490°C or lower and maintaining the temperature for 30 seconds was performed.
- the process of maintaining the secondary cooling was performed for 30 seconds.
- galvanizing was performed in a hot-dip galvanizing bath at 460°C, followed by final cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5°C/s, and then temper rolling to less than 2% to produce a hot-dip zinc-based galvanized steel sheet.
- alloying heat treatment was performed on some steels after the zinc plating treatment.
- the microstructure fraction was determined by Nital corrosion of the matrix structure at a point of 1/4t thickness of an annealed steel sheet, followed by tempered martensite (TM), bainite (B), and ferrite using FE-SEM, image analyzer, EBSD, and XRD. (F), fresh martensite (FM), and retained austenite (A) fractions were measured.
- each element refers to the weight content.
- FM T is the total fresh martensite fraction
- FM TM+B means the fresh martensite fraction in contact with tempered martensite or bainite among the fresh martensite fractions.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between Equation 1 and Equation 3 for inventive steels 1 to 6 and comparative steels 1 to 5 in the above embodiment
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between inventive steels 1 to 6 and comparative steels 1 to 5.
- This is a graph showing the relationship between equation 1 and equation 4.
- C In order to concentrate C in untransformed austenite, a certain amount of C must be included in the low steel component, and additionally, the formation of carbides in the bainite transformation region must be delayed through the addition of Si and Al. In addition, C can be sufficiently concentrated into austenite only when appropriate ferrite is secured, but if too much hardenability elements such as Mn, Cr, Mo, etc. are added, ferrite formation is suppressed, and C cannot be sufficiently concentrated in austenite.
- Equation 1 is less than 0.7, the target fraction of retained austenite and ferrite cannot be secured, and as a result, fresh martensite cannot be finely dispersed, resulting in a decrease in uniform and non-uniform ductility, making it impossible to satisfy Equations 3 and 4. I can't.
- invention steels 1 to 6 which satisfy all of the alloy composition and manufacturing conditions proposed in the present invention, have a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and satisfy relational expressions 3 and 4. Therefore, it was possible to secure excellent formability and fracture resistance.
- comparative steels 1 to 8 that deviate from the composition range or relational formula 1 proposed in the present invention, or do not satisfy the manufacturing conditions, are unable to form the intended microstructure and do not secure the physical properties intended by the present invention. You can check that.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 중량%로, 탄소(C): 0.1~0.2%, 실리콘(Si): 0.5~1.3%, 알루미늄(Al) 0.5% 이하(0% 제외), 망간(Mn): 1.9~3.0%, 몰리브덴(Mo): 0.3% 이하, 크롬(Cr): 1% 이하(0% 제외), 인(P): 0.1% 이하, 황(S): 0.1% 이하, 나머지는 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하고,상기 C, Si, Al, Mn, Cr 및 Mo은 하기 관계식 1을 만족하며,미세조직은 면적 %로, 페라이트: 10~35%, 잔류오스테나이트: 3~15%, 프레시 마르텐사이트: 20% 이하(0% 제외), 나머지는 템퍼드 마르텐사이트와 베이나이트 중 하나 이상을 포함하고,상기 프레시 마르텐사이트는 프레시 마르텐사이트 상간 거리가 프레시 마르텐사이트 입경의 3배 이상인 프레시 마르텐사이트의 분율이 30% 이상인 강판.[관계식 1](10C+Si+Al)/(Mn+1.3Cr+2.7Mo) ≥ 0.7(여기서, 각 원소는 중량 함량을 의미한다.)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 프레시 마르텐사이트의 분율은 하기 관계식 2를 만족하는 강판.[관계식 2](FMTM+B / FMT) ×100 ≥ 80%(여기서, FMT은 프레시 마르텐사이트 전체 분율이고, FMTM+B 은 프레시 마르텐사이트 분율 중 템퍼드 마르텐사이트 또는 베이나이트에 접해 있는 프레시 마르텐사이트 분율을 의미한다.)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 강판은 항복강도(YS), 균일연성(U-El, Uniform Elongation) 및 인장강도(TS)가 하기 관계식 3을 만족하는 강판.[관계식 3]YS × U-El / TS ≥ 6
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 강판은 항복강도(YS), 불균일연성(P-El, Post Uniform Elongation) 및 인장강도(TS)가 하기 관계식 4를 만족하는 강판.[관계식 4]YS × P-El / TS ≥ 3
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 강판은 보론(B): 0.01% 이하를 더 포함하는 강판.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 강판은 티타늄(Ti): 0.05% 이하 및 니오븀(Nb): 0.05 이하 중 1종 이상을 더 포함하는 강판.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 강판은 아연계 도금층을 더 포함하는 강판.
- 중량%로, 탄소(C): 0.1~0.2%, 실리콘(Si): 0.5~1.3%, 알루미늄(Al) 0.5% 이하(0% 제외), 망간(Mn): 1.9~3.0%, 몰리브덴(Mo): 0.3% 이하, 크롬(Cr): 1% 이하(0% 제외), 인(P): 0.1% 이하, 황(S): 0.1% 이하, 나머지는 Fe 및 기타 불가피한 불순물을 포함하고, 상기 C, Si, Al, Mn, Cr 및 Mo은 하기 관계식 1을 만족하는 강 슬라브를 1100~1300℃의 온도범위에서 가열하는 단계;상기 재가열된 강 슬라브를 Ar3 이상의 온도 범위에서 마무리 열간압연하여 열연강판을 제조하는 단계;상기 열연강판을 400~700℃의 온도범위에서 권취하는 단계;상기 권취 후 열연강판을 0.1℃/s의 냉각속도로 상온까지 냉각하는 단계;상기 냉각 후 열연강판을 총 압하율 30~80%로 냉간압연하여 냉연강판을 제조하는 단계;상기 냉연강판을 Ac1+30℃~Ac3+30℃의 온도에서 연속소둔 처리하는 단계;상기 연속소둔 처리된 냉연강판을 450~700℃까지 10℃/s 이하의 냉각속도로 1차 냉각하는 단계;상기 1차 냉각 후 250~500℃까지 5℃/s 이상의 냉각속도로 냉각하는 2차 냉각하는 단계; 및상기 2차 냉각된 냉연강판을 490℃ 이하의 온도로 재가열하여 20초 이상 유지하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 냉간압연은 최초 1~3번 스탠드의 누적 압하율 25% 이상으로 행하는, 강판의 제조방법.[관계식 1](10C+Si+Al)/(Mn+1.3Cr+2.7Mo) ≥ 0.7(여기서, 각 원소는 중량 함량을 의미한다.)
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 연속소둔은 800~880℃의 온도에서 행하는 강판의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 2차 냉각시 냉각속도는 1차 냉각시 냉각속도 보다 빠르게 행하는 것인 강판의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 2차 냉각은 수소(H2) 가스를 이용하는 수소급냉설비에서 행하는 것인 강판의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 2차 냉각 후 30초 유지하는 단계를 더 포함하는 강판의 제조방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 재가열 및 유지 후, 430~490℃의 도금욕에서 용융아연도금하는 단계를 더 포함하는 강판의 제조방법.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 용융아연도금 후, 합금화 열처리하는 단계를 더 포함하는 강판의 제조방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,상기 합금화 열처리 후 Ms~100℃ 이하의 온도까지 5℃/s 이상의 냉각속도로 냉각한 후, 2% 미만의 조질압연 하는 단계를 더 포함하는 강판의 제조방법.
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| JP2025537573A (ja) | 2025-11-18 |
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