WO2024139653A1 - 负极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 - Google Patents
负极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and in particular to a negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and a lithium ion battery.
- silicon negative electrode materials have ultra-high theoretical specific capacity (4200mAh/g), which can significantly improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.
- silicon has low electronic conductivity, which will affect the rate performance as an electrode material, and the huge volume change during the charge and discharge process will cause the active material to pulverize, fragment, and lose effective electrical contact with the current collector, ultimately causing the capacity to decay rapidly.
- silicon and carbon the application of silicon negative electrode materials can be greatly improved.
- negative electrode materials can be manufactured in a reactor by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI).
- CVI chemical vapor infiltration
- a porous carbon matrix is placed in a reactor and infiltrated with a thermally decomposable Si-containing compound at a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature of the compound, so that Si can be deposited on the surface and inside of the porous carbon.
- the Si-containing compound in the infiltrating gas is usually a silane gas, which first nucleates on the porous carbon surface, and then the infiltrating gas is continuously introduced to allow the Si nuclei to grow.
- there are usually two forms of competition for deposition namely heterogeneous deposition and homogeneous decomposition deposition.
- the process parameters are more conducive to heterogeneous deposition, most of the Si particles are deposited on the surface of the porous carbon matrix, and if the process parameters are more conducive to homogeneous decomposition deposition, the Si particles are decomposed into new, very small amorphous particles and distributed in the pores of the porous carbon matrix. In other words, different process parameters affect the proportion of these two depositions in the product, thereby affecting the performance of the negative electrode material.
- the present application proposes a negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof and a lithium-ion battery, which can reduce volume expansion and improve cycle stability.
- the present application provides a negative electrode material, which includes an active substance, and the active substance includes a porous carbon matrix and silicon, and the silicon is distributed in the pores and/or surface of the porous carbon matrix; the adsorption constant C value of the negative electrode material is C ⁇ 200, the density of the material after etching the negative electrode material is ⁇ 1, and the density of the negative electrode material is ⁇ 2, 50% ⁇ ( ⁇ 2- ⁇ 1)/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 80%.
- the filling degree of silicon in the porous carbon matrix is ⁇ 80%.
- the negative electrode material has a pore structure, which includes mesopores, micropores and macropores, wherein the volume proportion of the mesopores in all pore structures is >75%, the volume proportion of the micropores in all pore structures is ⁇ 25%, and the volume proportion of the macropores in all pore structures is ⁇ 10%.
- the particle size of the negative electrode material after etching is 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the silicon includes nanosilicon.
- the negative electrode material further includes a carbon coating layer located on at least a portion of the surface of the active material.
- N porous carbon powders of different particle sizes are mixed with a binder and subjected to heat treatment to obtain a porous carbon matrix, wherein N ⁇ 2;
- the N porous carbon powders with different particle sizes are arranged in order from small to large according to the particle size, and in two adjacent porous carbon powders, the D10 of the porous carbon powder with a larger particle size is not less than the D90 of the porous carbon powder with a smaller particle size.
- the heat treatment includes: heating and pressurizing the mixed material, and cooling it to obtain the porous carbon matrix.
- chemical vapor infiltration is used to thermally decompose the reaction gas so that silicon is deposited on the surface and/or in the pores of the porous carbon matrix to obtain the negative electrode material.
- the total pressure of the reaction system is 0.5 kPa to 50 kPa.
- the reaction gas includes silane gas, hydrogen gas and an inert gas
- the gas flow rate of the inert gas is 200 mL/min to 500 mL/min.
- the reaction gas includes silane gas, hydrogen and inert gas, wherein the hydrogen includes hydrogen as a dilution gas and hydrogen as a carrier gas, wherein the gas flow ratio between the hydrogen as a dilution gas and the hydrogen as a carrier gas is (3-10):1.
- the present application processes a plurality of porous carbon powders with different particle sizes to obtain a porous carbon matrix, and then composites silicon in the pores and/or surface of the porous carbon matrix, fills the large pores in the porous carbon matrix with smaller pores, and forms a high-density negative electrode material, which greatly improves the compaction density and volume specific capacity of the negative electrode material.
- the small-particle porous carbon powder can be filled between the pores of the large-particle porous carbon powder, thereby improving the density of the porous carbon matrix, and thus also improving the density of the negative electrode material.
- Parts by mass refers to the basic unit of measurement for expressing the mass ratio of multiple components. 1 part can represent any unit mass, such as 1g or 2.689g. If we say that the mass of component A is a parts and the mass of component B is b parts, it means the ratio of the mass of component A to the mass of component B is a:b. Alternatively, it means that the mass of component A is aK and the mass of component B is Bk (K is an arbitrary number, indicating a multiple factor). It should not be misunderstood that, unlike the mass parts, the sum of the mass of all components is not limited to 100 parts.
- a and/or B includes (A and B) and (A or B).
- the present application provides a negative electrode material, which includes an active substance, and the active substance includes a porous carbon matrix and silicon, wherein silicon is distributed in the pores and/or surface of the porous carbon matrix; the adsorption constant C value of the negative electrode material is C ⁇ 200, and the open porosity of the material after etching the negative electrode material is 50% to 70%.
- the adsorption constant C value is mainly set at the adsorption temperature (RT), the adsorption temperature is generally 25 ° C, the saturated vapor pressure of the adsorbate gas N2 is p0 (unit: kPa), the saturated multilayer adsorption amount when the gas equilibrium pressure is p is Q (unit: mmol/g), and ...
- RT adsorption temperature
- N2 saturated vapor pressure of the adsorbate gas
- Q unit: mmol/g
- a linear result can be obtained by fitting.
- the intercept of the fitted line is set as a
- the slope is set as b
- the C value of strong adsorbents such as activated carbon and molecular sieves is >200, and the C value of the negative electrode material in this application is ⁇ 200.
- mesopores and macropores are located inside the porous carbon matrix or are closed pores, as well as micropores/smaller micropores formed by the conversion of mesopores/micropores after being partially filled with silicon, so that the adsorption constant of the negative electrode material is less than 200, so that a certain amount of space can be reserved to buffer the volume expansion during the insertion and extraction of lithium, and the amount of Si filling can be guaranteed (that is, the proportion of Si in the negative electrode material is relatively high).
- the negative electrode material can have a higher specific capacity, and on the other hand, the particle strength is relatively high, and it will not break during the process of rolling the electrode sheet.
- the negative electrode material of the present application contains silicon and a porous carbon matrix, and silicon is uniformly distributed in the skeleton of the porous carbon matrix.
- the pores in these porous carbon matrices can accommodate silicon, and the remaining pores in the negative electrode material after filling with silicon can accommodate the volume expansion of silicon; and, before compounding with silicon, the porous carbon matrix has pores mainly in the form of micropores (within the range of ⁇ 2nm), and the open porosity of the material after etching the negative electrode material is 50% to 70%, which is conducive to the dispersed filling of silicon.
- the remaining pores in the porous carbon matrix are mainly unfilled mesopores and macropores, which are located inside the porous carbon matrix or are closed pores, as well as micropores/smaller micropores formed by the conversion of mesopores/micropores after partial filling with silicon, so that the adsorption constant of the negative electrode material is less than 200.
- the smaller the adsorption constant of the negative electrode material the smaller the proportion of micropores in the negative electrode material. It can be seen that the negative electrode material is mainly composed of mesopores and macropores.
- a small amount of mesopores and macropores can provide buffer space for Si expansion during charging and discharging, and on the other hand, ensure the stress diffusion distribution of silicon.
- the filling degree of silicon can be adjusted to improve the specific capacity of the negative electrode material. It can also alleviate the volume expansion of Si, improve the particle strength of the negative electrode material, and reduce the collapse and breakage of the material structure during the rolling or cycling of the pole piece, thereby improving the cycle performance and electrochemical performance of the material under the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned overall structure.
- the negative electrode material is mainly mesopores and macropores; a small amount of mesopores and macropores can provide a buffer space for Si expansion during charging and discharging, ensuring the stress diffusion distribution; on the other hand, the density increase range of the negative electrode material is controlled, and then the filling degree of silicon can be adjusted to improve the specific capacity of the negative electrode material. It can also alleviate the volume expansion of silicon, improve the particle strength of the negative electrode material, and reduce the collapse and breakage of the material structure during the rolling or cycling of the pole piece, so that the negative electrode material can achieve a balance between high specific capacity, low expansion performance and high cycle performance.
- the open porosity of the negative electrode material after etching is 50% to 70%, specifically 50%, 52%, 54%, 56%, 58%, 60%, 70% or any value between 50% and 70%.
- the pores of the material after etching the negative electrode material have a pore size of 0 to 1 ⁇ m, specifically 0.001 ⁇ m, 0.01 ⁇ m, 0.05 ⁇ m, 0.1 ⁇ m, 0.3 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m or any value greater than 0 and between 0 and 1 ⁇ m.
- the density of the negative electrode material is 1.8 g/cm 3 to 2.3 g/cm 3 , specifically 1.8 g/cm 3 , 2.0 g/cm 3 , 2.2 g/cm 3 , 2.3 g/cm 3 or any value between 1.8 g/cm 3 and 2.3 g/cm 3 ;
- the density of the negative electrode material after etching is 1 g/cm 3 to 1.5 g/cm 3 , specifically 1 g/cm 3 , 1.2 g/cm 3 , 1.4 g/cm 3 , 1.5 g/cm 3 or any value between 1 g/cm 3 and 1.5 g/cm 3 .
- the negative electrode material has a porous structure, and the total pore volume of the negative electrode material measured by a nitrogen adsorption method is less than 0.05 cm 3 /g, and may be 0.04 cm 3 /g, 0.035 cm 3 /g, 0.032 cm 3 /g, 0.030 cm 3 /g, 0.028 cm 3 /g, 0.025 cm 3 / g , 0.024 cm 3 /g or 0.02 cm 3 /g, etc., which is not limited here.
- the adsorption constant C value of the material after etching the negative electrode material is 200 ⁇ C ⁇ 500, specifically 200, 250 or 300, 400, 499, etc., which is not limited here.
- the method for calculating the adsorption constant C value of the material after etching the negative electrode material is the same as the method for calculating the adsorption constant C value of the negative electrode material mentioned above.
- the outermost layer of the negative electrode material also includes a carbon coating layer. Further preferably, the thickness of the carbon coating layer is 1nm-100nm, specifically 1nm, 10nm, 20nm, 50nm, 70nm, 100nm or any value between 1nm-100nm.
- the introduction of the carbon coating layer is mainly to improve the electronic conductivity of the negative electrode material in the negative electrode, further buffer the volume change of silicon and reduce the excessive generation of SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode material.
- the mass percentage of silicon in the negative electrode material is 10% to 90%, preferably 20% to 80%. It can be understood that the mass percentage of silicon in the negative electrode material can be 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%. The mass percentage of silicon in the negative electrode material can also be other values between 10% and 90%.
- the average particle size D50 of the negative electrode material is 1 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. It should be explained that when the average particle size of the negative electrode material is ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, the tap density of the electrode can be reduced, thereby seriously affecting its processing performance as a negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery, reducing the problem of too low compaction density and low energy density of the pole piece, and a suitable volume specific capacity can be obtained. In addition, when the average particle size of the negative electrode material is ⁇ 25 ⁇ m, the slurry forming the electrode can be appropriately coated to a uniform thickness.
- the average particle size D 50 of the negative electrode material can be 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m, 14 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 17 ⁇ m, 19 ⁇ m, 21 ⁇ m, 23 ⁇ m or 25 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size D 50 of the negative electrode material may also be other values between 1 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode material further includes a carbon coating layer located on at least part of the surface of the active material.
- the carbon coating layer as a shell can mechanically constrain the active material and improve the electronic conductivity of the negative electrode material in the negative electrode; further, the carbon coating layer allows lithium ions to pass through, but reduces the interaction between the electrolyte and the internal active material, further buffers the volume change of silicon and reduces the excessive generation of SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode material.
- the thickness of the carbon coating layer is 1nm to 100nm. It is understandable that the average thickness of the coating layer can be 1nm, 5nm, 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 45nm, 50nm, 55nm, 60nm, 65nm, 70nm, 75nm, 80nm, 85nm, 90nm, 95nm or 100nm. The average thickness of the coating layer can also be other values between 1nm and 100nm.
- the present application also provides a method for preparing a negative electrode material, as shown in FIG1 , the preparation method comprises:
- the present application controls the relevant physical characteristics of the obtained porous carbon matrix, including the pore distribution, porosity, pore shape, etc. of the porous carbon matrix; on the other hand, controls the subsequent silicon composite process, and further prepares the negative electrode material on the skeleton of the prepared porous carbon matrix by adjusting the process parameters, so that the micropores in the negative electrode material dominate, thereby alleviating the volume expansion during the battery cycle, ensuring the strength of the negative electrode material particles, and reducing the probability of particle collapse and damage during the cycle.
- the N porous carbon powders with different particle sizes in S1 are arranged in order from small to large according to the particle size, and then numbered as C1, C2, C3..., CN, among which the average particle size of the C1 porous carbon powder is the smallest, and the average particle size of the CN porous carbon powder is the largest.
- the ratio of D50 of the porous carbon powder with a smaller particle size to the D50 of the porous carbon powder with a larger particle size is 0.25-0.9.
- the ratio of the D50 particle size of the C1 porous carbon powder to the D50 particle size of the C2 porous carbon powder is 0.25-0.9. Specifically, it can be 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or any value between 0.25-0.9.
- the ratio of the mass of the porous carbon powder with a smaller particle size to the mass of the porous carbon powder with a larger particle size is 0.05-0.75.
- the ratio of the mass of the C2 porous carbon powder to the mass of the C3 porous carbon powder is 0.05-0.75. Specifically, it can be 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.65, 0.75 or any value between 0.05-0.75.
- the D10 of the porous carbon powder with a larger particle size is not smaller than the D90 of the porous carbon powder with a smaller particle size, for example, the D10 particle size of the C2 porous carbon powder is not smaller than the D90 particle size of the C1 porous carbon powder, and the D10 particle size of the C3 porous carbon powder is not smaller than the D90 particle size of the C2 porous carbon powder.
- the raw material of the porous carbon matrix includes three porous carbon powders with different particle sizes.
- the three porous carbon powders with different particle sizes are divided into C1, C2, and C3 in order from small to large particle sizes.
- the D50 particle size ratio of C3:C2:C1 is (4-7):(2-3.5):1, specifically 4:2:1, 4:3.5:1, 5:2:1, 5:3.5:1, 6:2:1, 6:3:1, 6:3.5:1, 7:2:1, 7:3.5:1 or any value between (4-7):(2-3.5):1.
- the mass ratio of C3:C2:C1 is (18-25):(6-12):1, specifically 18:6:1, 18:12:1, 20:6:1, 20:10:1, 20:12:1, 23:6:1, 23:12:1, 25:6:1, 25:12:1 or any value between (18-25):(6-12):1.
- the average particle sizes of C3, C2 and C1, i.e., D50 are 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m to 130 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average pore size of the porous carbon matrix prepared using three porous carbon powders of different particle sizes as raw materials is 2nm to 50nm, specifically 2nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm or any value between 2nm and 50nm.
- the particle gradation of the porous carbon powder in the present application is preferably a three-level gradation method, that is, using three porous carbon powders with different particle sizes as the raw materials of the porous carbon matrix.
- the small-sized porous carbon particles will fill the gaps between the large-sized porous carbon particles, and the small-sized porous carbon particles will further fill the gaps between the large-sized porous carbon particles and the medium-sized porous carbon particles. If only one type of porous carbon powder raw material is used to prepare the porous carbon matrix, there will be large gaps between these porous carbon particles, that is, the pores of the porous carbon matrix are large.
- porous carbon powders of various different particle sizes as the raw material for the porous carbon matrix is beneficial to improving the density of the prepared negative electrode material.
- the binder in S1 may be polyvinyl butyral.
- the mixing method in S1 includes at least one of VC mixing, manual mixing, normal temperature film pressing, and spray drying.
- the heat treatment in S1 includes: heating and pressurizing the mixed material after mixing, and cooling it to obtain a porous carbon matrix.
- the mixed material after the first mixing can be spread in a mold, and then the mold is heated, pressurized, cooled, and demolded to obtain a porous carbon matrix.
- a release agent needs to be applied to the inner surface of the mold to facilitate rapid removal of the porous carbon matrix.
- the mold comprises a steel mold.
- the pressure of the pressurization treatment is 5MPa to 50MPa, specifically 5MPa, 10MPa, 20MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa, 50MPa or any value between 5MPa and 50MPa.
- the time is 0.2h to 10h, specifically 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h or any value between 0.5h and 5h.
- porous carbon matrix is critical to achieving the penetration and infiltration of silicon in the porous carbon matrix. If the porosity of the matrix and the size of the pores are too large, the density of the composite material obtained by infiltrating silicon into the matrix is low; if they are too small, it is difficult to introduce the silicon source gas deeply into the deeper areas of the pores so that the gas forms silicon therein. Therefore, one of the research objectives of this application is to find suitable process parameters for deeply introducing silicon into the pores of the porous carbon matrix used, and to make the prepared composite material have a correct balance between good mechanical strength and electrochemical properties.
- the compounding method in S2 includes: any one of chemical vapor infiltration, dry mixing process and wet mixing process, and chemical vapor infiltration is more preferred.
- the dry mixing process is to dry-mix the porous carbon matrix with silicon by ball milling
- the wet mixing process is to mix the porous carbon matrix with a silicon-containing solution.
- the chemical vapor infiltration method used in the composite of the present application includes: The infiltration furnace is placed, and the infiltration furnace is evacuated, and then heated to the reaction temperature, and silicon source gas is introduced to perform infiltration deposition.
- chemical vapor infiltration is used to thermally decompose the reaction gas so that silicon is deposited on the surface and/or in the pores of the porous carbon matrix to obtain the negative electrode material.
- the reaction gas includes silane gas, hydrogen gas, and an inert gas.
- the reaction gas includes silane gas
- the silane gas includes at least one of Si n H (2n+2) and Si n H (2n+2) Z (2n+2)-m , wherein n ⁇ 1, m ⁇ 2n+2, and Z includes at least one halogen element of F, Cl, Br, and I.
- the reaction temperature of thermal decomposition is 400°C to 800°C, specifically 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C or any value between 400°C and 800°C.
- the deposition time is 5 h to 500 h, specifically 5 h, 10 h, 100 h, 250 h, 500 h or any value between 5 h and 500 h.
- the pressure of the reaction system before the reaction gas is introduced is 1Pa to 20Pa, specifically 1Pa, 5Pa, 10Pa, 15Pa, 20Pa or any value between 1Pa and 20Pa.
- the oxygen content in the reaction system is ⁇ 0.5%.
- the total pressure of the reaction system is 0.5 kPa to 50 kPa, and specifically can be 0.5 kPa, 1 kPa, 5 kPa, 10 kPa, 20 kPa, 30 kPa, 40 kPa, 50 kPa or any value between 0.5 kPa and 50 kPa.
- the temperature rise curve during heating includes: at a heating rate of 1°C/min to 50°C/min, specifically 1°C/min, 10°C/min, 20°C/min, 30°C/min, 40°C/min, 50°C/min or any value between 1°C/min and 50°C/min, first rising to 10°C to 20°C below the desired reaction temperature, and then continuing to heat at a heating rate of 0.05°C/min to 0.5°C/min to the desired reaction temperature, more preferably continuing to heat at a heating rate of 0.1°C/min.
- CVI chemical vapor infiltration
- first vacuum is performed to make the gas pressure inside and outside the porous carbon matrix close to zero, and then the temperature in the infiltration furnace is quickly heated to about 10°C-20°C below the temperature of gas decomposition at a heating rate of 1°C/min-50°C/min, and then slowly heated to the decomposition temperature of the gas at a heating rate of 0.1°C/min, thereby ensuring that the temperature inside and outside the porous carbon matrix remains consistent and the stability of the thermodynamic conditions is ensured. Then, silane gas diluted with inert gases such as H2 and argon is introduced into the infiltration furnace, which can ensure the uniform diffusion of silane gas inside the porous carbon, which is conducive to its uniform penetration.
- inert gases such as H2 and argon
- the infiltration deposition further includes: when the silicon source gas flows from the front end to the end of the porous carbon matrix, the end of the porous carbon matrix is heated to the reaction temperature of the gas using a movable heating coil, so that the silicon source gas undergoes a densification reaction on the porous carbon matrix at the end to perform infiltration deposition; and then the movable heating coil is gradually moved from the end to the front end to cause densification infiltration deposition to occur in each part of the porous carbon matrix.
- the gas flow rate of hydrogen is 100 mL/min to 500 mL/min, specifically 100 mL/min, 200 mL/min, 300 mL/min, 400 mL/min, 500 mL/min or any value between 100 mL/min and 500 mL/min.
- the gas flow rate of argon is 200 mL/min to 500 mL/min, specifically 200 mL/min, 300 mL/min, 400 mL/min, 500 mL/min or any value between 200 mL/min and 500 mL/min.
- the negative electrode material prepared by the chemical vapor infiltration method has a porosity of about 10%-15%, in which silicon is dispersed and embedded in the porous carbon matrix.
- the carbon source comprises a solid carbon source
- the solid carbon source comprises at least one of citric acid, glucose, asphalt, phenolic resin and furfural resin.
- the carbon source comprises a liquid carbon source.
- the temperature of thermal cracking is 600°C to 1200°C.
- the heating rate of thermal cracking is 0.1°C/min to 50°C/min.
- the closed porosity is usually measured by density method and helium measurement method. For example, take anhydrous ethanol with a volume of V1 into a measuring cylinder, immerse the dry material in it for 5 minutes, and vacuum until there are no bubbles in the ethanol. The volume of ethanol at this time is recorded as V2; take out the material and record the volume at this time as V3. Calculate the porosity: (V1-V3)/(V2-V3)*100%. Measure 3 samples in each group and take the average.
- step (1) Paste a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene paper on the working surface of the steel mold, and then evenly apply dimethyl silicone oil on the inner surface of the mold, and then pour the powder mixed in step (1) into the mold. Then put the mold in an oven and heat it at 200°C for 1 hour, and finally apply a pressure of 10MPa to the mold on a press to obtain a porous carbon matrix;
- the CVI infiltration furnace was powered on and heated to 400°C at a heating rate of 8°C/min, and then heated to 420°C at a heating rate of 0.1°C/min.
- the vacuum system was turned on again, and the furnace was evacuated to 1 Pa.
- a mixed gas of silane, H2, and Ar was introduced from the bottom to the top of the vertical CVI furnace.
- the H2 gas flow rate was 180 mL/min
- the Ar flow rate was 300 mL/min
- the molar ratio of H2 to silane was 12, and the flow ratio of diluted H2 to carrier gas H2 was 5.
- the material was taken out, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 30 minutes, and dried at 80° C. to obtain a negative electrode material, wherein the size of silicon was 2-100 nm.
- This embodiment provides a negative electrode material, and the specific preparation method thereof includes:
- the CVI furnace was powered on and heated to 400°C at a heating rate of 6°C/min, and then heated to 420°C at a heating rate of 0.1°C/min.
- the vacuum system was turned on again and evacuated to 6 Pa, and then a mixed gas of silane, H2 and Ar was introduced from the bottom to the top of the vertical CVI furnace, with a H2 gas flow rate of 350 mL/min, an Ar flow rate of 380 mL/min, a molar ratio of H2 to silane of 3, and a flow ratio of diluted H2 to carrier gas H2 of 8;
- This embodiment provides a negative electrode material, and the specific preparation method thereof includes:
- the CVI furnace was powered on and heated to 400°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, and then heated to 450°C at a heating rate of 0.2°C/min.
- the vacuum system was turned on again, and the furnace was evacuated to 10Pa.
- a mixed gas of silane, H2, and Ar was introduced from the bottom to the top of the vertical CVI furnace.
- the H2 gas flow rate was 300mL/min
- the Ar flow rate was 380mL/min
- the molar ratio of H2 to silane was 4
- the flow ratio of diluted H2 to carrier gas H2 was 8;
- the composite material is taken out, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 60 minutes, and then dried in a drying oven at 90° C. to obtain a negative electrode material, wherein the size of silicon is 10-90 nm.
- Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
- This embodiment provides a negative electrode material, and the specific preparation method thereof includes:
- the CVI furnace was powered on and heated to 420°C at a heating rate of 8°C/min, and then heated to 450°C at a heating rate of 0.1°C/min.
- the vacuum system was turned on again and evacuated to 10Pa, and then a mixed gas of silane, H2 and Ar was introduced from the bottom to the top of the vertical CVI furnace, with a H2 gas flow rate of 300mL/min, an Ar flow rate of 380mL/min, a molar ratio of H2 to silane of 2.5, and a flow ratio of diluted H2 to carrier gas H2 of 10;
- the composite material was taken out, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 30 minutes, and then dried in a drying oven at 100° C. to obtain a negative electrode material, wherein the size of silicon was 20-90 nm.
- This embodiment provides a negative electrode material, and the specific preparation method thereof includes:
- the composite material was taken out, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 70 minutes, and then dried in a drying oven at 100° C. to obtain a negative electrode material, wherein the size of silicon was 20-70 nm.
- This embodiment provides a negative electrode material, and the specific preparation method thereof includes:
- This embodiment provides a negative electrode material, and the specific preparation method thereof includes:
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种负极材料,其特征在于,所述负极材料包括活性物质,所述活性物质包括多孔碳基体和硅,所述多孔碳基体的孔隙和/或表面分布有所述硅;负极材料的吸附常数C值为C<200,所述负极材料刻蚀后的材料的开口孔隙率为50%~70%。
- 一种负极材料,其特征在于,所述负极材料包括活性物质,所述活性物质包括多孔碳基体和硅,所述多孔碳基体的孔隙和/或表面分布有所述硅;负极材料的吸附常数C值为C<200,所述负极材料刻蚀后的材料的密度为ρ1,所述负极材料的密度为ρ2,50%≤(ρ2-ρ1)/ρ1≤80%。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的负极材料,其特征在于,满足以下条件中的至少一个:(1)所述硅的粒径为1nm~100nm;(2)所述负极材料刻蚀后的材料硅的孔的孔径为0~1μm;(3)所述硅在所述多孔碳基体中的填充度≥80%;(4)所述负极材料的密度为1.8g/cm3~2.3g/cm3,所述负极材料刻蚀后的材料的密度为1g/cm3~1.5g/cm3;(5)所述负极材料具有孔结构,所述孔结构包括介孔、微孔及大孔,其中,所述介孔在所有孔结构中的体积占比>75%,所述微孔在所有孔结构中的体积占比<25%,所述大孔在所有孔结构中的体积占比<10%;(6)所述负极材料具有孔结构,按氮气吸附法所测定的所述负极材料的总孔体积<0.05cm3/g;(7)所述负极材料中的闭孔的体积≤0.2cm3/g;(8)所述负极材料刻蚀后的材料的吸附常数C值为200<C<500;(9)所述负极材料的核磁共振测试中,-10ppm~20ppm之间具有Si-C共振峰,其强度为D1,-90ppm~110ppm之间具有Si-Si共振峰,其强度为D2,且D2/D1≥100;(10)所述负极材料刻蚀后的材料的粒径为1μm~50μm;(11)所述硅包括纳米硅。
- 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的负极材料,其特征在于,所述负极材料还包括位于所述活性物质至少部分表面的碳包覆层。
- 如权利要求4所述的负极材料,其特征在于,满足以下条件中的至少一个:(1)所述碳包覆层的厚度为1nm-100nm;(2)所述负极材料中硅的质量百分含量为10%~90%;(3)所述负极材料的比表面积为0.5m2/g~50m2/g;(4)所述负极材料的平均粒径为1μm~25μm。
- 一种负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:将N种不同粒径尺寸的多孔碳粉与粘结剂混合、热处理,得到多孔碳基体,其中N≥2;在所述多孔碳基体上复合硅,得到所述负极材料。
- 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,按照粒径尺寸的大小,将所述N 种不同粒径尺寸的多孔碳粉从小到大依次进行排列,所述多孔碳粉满足以下条件中的至少一个:(1)在相邻的两种所述多孔碳粉中,粒径小的所述多孔碳粉的D50与粒径大的所述多孔碳粉的D50的比值为0.25~0.9;(2)在相邻的两种所述多孔碳粉中,粒径小的所述多孔碳粉的质量与粒径大的所述多孔碳粉的质量的比值为0.05~0.75;(3)在相邻的两种所述多孔碳粉中,粒径大的所述多孔碳粉的D10不小于粒径小的所述多孔碳粉的D90;(4)当N=3时,大尺寸的所述多孔碳粉:中间尺寸的所述多孔碳粉:小尺寸的所述多孔碳粉的D50之比为(4~7):(2~3.5):1;(5)当N=3时,大尺寸的所述多孔碳粉:中间尺寸的所述多孔碳粉:小尺寸的所述多孔碳粉的质量之比为(18~25):(6~12):1;(6)当N=3时,大尺寸的所述多孔碳粉、中间尺寸的所述多孔碳粉、小尺寸的所述多孔碳粉的D50分别为100μm~500μm、70μm~400μm、20μm~130μm;(7)当N=3时,三种不同粒径尺寸的所述多孔碳粉制备得到的所述多孔碳基体的平均孔径为2nm~50nm;(8)所述粘结剂包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛;(9)所述N种不同粒径尺寸的多孔碳粉的质量与所述粘结剂的质量比为(5-20):1。
- 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热处理包括:将所述混合之后的混合物料进行加热处理、加压处理,冷却,得到所述多孔碳基体。
- 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用化学气相渗透法将反应气体热分解反应,使多孔碳基体的表面和/或孔隙中沉积有硅,得到负极材料。
- 一种锂离子电池,其特征在于,其原料包括权利要求1-5任一项所述的负极材料或者权利要求6-9任一项的制备方法制备得到的负极材料。
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| EP23909586.2A EP4576251A4 (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2023-10-31 | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, ITS PREPARATION PROCESS AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERY |
| CN202380065391.2A CN120019500A (zh) | 2022-12-28 | 2023-10-31 | 负极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
| US19/013,923 US20250149565A1 (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2025-01-08 | Anode material, preparation method therefor, and lithium-ion battery |
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| CN118651845A (zh) * | 2024-08-19 | 2024-09-17 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 碳材料、复合负极材料及锂离子电池 |
| CN119252896A (zh) * | 2024-09-30 | 2025-01-03 | 江西紫宸科技有限公司 | 一种多孔碳、硅碳负极材料、电极片、锂离子电池和用电器 |
| WO2025162389A1 (zh) * | 2024-02-02 | 2025-08-07 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 负极活性颗粒及其制备方法、电池及电子设备 |
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| CN119050331B (zh) * | 2024-09-29 | 2025-10-17 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 负极材料、负极片和二次电池 |
| CN120878826B (zh) * | 2025-09-25 | 2025-12-09 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 用于固态电池的低膨胀多孔硅负极材料及锂离子固态电池 |
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| CN120019500A (zh) | 2025-05-16 |
| EP4576251A4 (en) | 2026-03-25 |
| US20250149565A1 (en) | 2025-05-08 |
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