WO2024148518A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024148518A1
WO2024148518A1 PCT/CN2023/071693 CN2023071693W WO2024148518A1 WO 2024148518 A1 WO2024148518 A1 WO 2024148518A1 CN 2023071693 W CN2023071693 W CN 2023071693W WO 2024148518 A1 WO2024148518 A1 WO 2024148518A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
wall
pressure relief
segment
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/071693
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈新祥
郑于炼
林蹬华
黄守君
王鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23915295.2A priority Critical patent/EP4641773A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/071693 priority patent/WO2024148518A1/zh
Priority to CN202380059202.0A priority patent/CN119678298A/zh
Publication of WO2024148518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024148518A1/zh
Priority to US19/264,880 priority patent/US20250337096A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Battery monomers are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can improve reliability.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising a housing and a pressure relief mechanism.
  • the housing has a first wall and a second wall arranged opposite to each other along a first direction.
  • the housing is provided with a recessed portion, and the recessed portion is recessed relative to the surface of the second wall away from the first wall.
  • the pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the first wall, and the projection of the pressure relief mechanism along the first direction at least partially overlaps with the projection of the recessed portion along the first direction.
  • the recesses of the battery cells can avoid the pressure relief mechanisms of adjacent battery cells, and at least part of the high-temperature and high-pressure substances released by the pressure relief mechanisms can enter the recesses and be released outward through the recesses, thereby reducing the barrier of the battery cells to the high-temperature and high-pressure substances, enabling the battery cells to release pressure in a timely manner, improving reliability, and reducing safety risks.
  • the second wall can avoid the pressure relief mechanism of the adjacent battery cell.
  • the second wall can avoid the high-temperature and high-pressure substances, reduce the obstruction to the high-temperature and high-pressure substances, enable the battery cell to release pressure in time, improve reliability, and reduce safety risks.
  • a minimum distance between a projection of the pressure relief mechanism along the first direction and a projection of the second wall along the first direction is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the above technical solution can reduce the risk of the second wall blocking the pressure relief mechanism of an adjacent battery cell due to assembly error when multiple battery cells are stacked along the first direction, thereby enabling the battery cell to release pressure in time, improving reliability and reducing safety risks.
  • a projection of the pressure relief mechanism along the first direction is located within a projection of the bottom surface of the recess along the first direction.
  • the bottom surface of the recess is far away from the pressure relief mechanism of the adjacent battery cell; making the pressure relief mechanism and the bottom surface of the recess opposite to each other along the first direction can reduce the thermal shock on the outer shell, reduce the risk of damage to the outer shell under thermal shock, improve reliability, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway of multiple battery cells in succession.
  • the recess is disposed on at least one side of the second wall in a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the recess is arranged at the end area of the shell along the second direction. After the high-temperature and high-pressure material enters the recess, it can be discharged from the end of the shell along the second direction, thereby reducing the risk of high-temperature and high-pressure material gathering in the recess and improving reliability.
  • a minimum distance between a projection of the pressure relief mechanism on the bottom surface of the recess and a side surface of the recess is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the above technical solution can reduce the risk that the side of the recess will be opposite to the pressure relief mechanism of the adjacent battery cell due to assembly error when multiple battery cells are stacked along the first direction, thereby reducing the thermal shock on the side of the recess, reducing the risk of damage to the outer shell under thermal shock, improving reliability, and reducing the risk of thermal runaway of multiple battery cells in succession.
  • the first wall includes two first edges arranged opposite to each other along the second direction.
  • the minimum spacing between the side of the recess and the adjacent first edge is L1
  • the maximum spacing between the end of the pressure relief mechanism away from the adjacent first edge and the first edge is L2, and L2/L1 ⁇ 0.6.
  • L2 the smaller the area of the battery cell that can be used for pressure relief is
  • L1 the larger the size of the recess is, the smaller the space inside the battery cell is, and the smaller the capacity of the battery cell is
  • the above technical solution limits L2/L1 to greater than or equal to 0.6, which can balance the pressure relief rate and space utilization of the battery cell.
  • the recess passes through the housing along the third direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the two ends of the recess along the third direction are open, and after the high-temperature and high-pressure material enters the recess, it can be discharged from the two ends of the recess along the third direction, thereby reducing the risk of high-temperature and high-pressure material gathering in the recess and improving reliability.
  • the two second edges of the first wall are arranged opposite to each other along the third direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the minimum spacing S3 between the pressure relief mechanism and the second edge is 2mm-10mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application limits S3 to 2mm-10mm, which can reduce the risk of failure of the pressure relief mechanism when the battery cell is working normally, and reduce the loss of the pressure relief area of the battery cell.
  • the size of the housing along the first direction is small, and stacking battery cells in the first direction can balance the external dimensions of the battery, improve space utilization and energy density.
  • the first wall has a large area, which can make the position design of the pressure relief mechanism more flexible.
  • the two pressure relief mechanisms can increase the pressure relief rate of the battery cell and improve reliability.
  • the two recesses can respectively avoid the two pressure relief mechanisms of the adjacent battery cells, so that the two pressure relief mechanisms can smoothly release high-temperature and high-pressure substances, thereby timely releasing pressure, improving reliability and reducing safety risks.
  • the first wall is integrally formed with the pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism includes a weakened portion.
  • the first wall and the pressure relief mechanism are formed integrally, which can not only save the connection process of the first wall and the pressure relief mechanism, but also improve the connection strength between the first wall and the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes a weakened portion, and a ratio of a thickness of the weakened portion to a thickness of the first wall is 0.1-0.4.
  • the above technical solution can reduce the risk of failure due to the weak part breaking when the battery cell is working normally, and can make the weak part break in time when the battery cell has thermal runaway.
  • the strength of the weak part can be reduced by providing the groove, so that the weak part can be broken in time when the battery cell is under thermal runaway.
  • the groove forming method is simple, and the forming process of the pressure relief mechanism can be simplified by providing the groove to form the weak part.
  • the angle ⁇ around the weakened portion is 180°-360°.
  • the weak part can be an annular structure or a semi-annular structure. When the weak part ruptures, the area surrounding the weak part can be used for pressure relief. Setting ⁇ to 180°-360° can increase the pressure relief area and improve the pressure relief rate.
  • the battery cell further includes an electrode terminal mounted on a region of the first wall surrounded by the weak portion.
  • the weak portion ruptures, and the area of the first wall surrounded by the weak portion folds or flies out under the impact of high-temperature and high-pressure substances, thereby driving the electrode terminal to move, disconnecting the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the electrode assembly, cutting off the circuit, and slowing down the thermal runaway of the battery cell.
  • the weak portion includes a first straight line segment, a second straight line segment, and an arc segment connected between the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment.
  • the minimum distance between the arc segment and the edge of the first wall is D1
  • the minimum distance between the first straight line segment and the edge of the first wall is D2
  • the arc segment is more susceptible to damage when subjected to impact force; in the embodiment of the present application, D1 is set to be greater than or equal to D2, so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment and the edge of the first wall, thereby reducing the risk of rupture and failure of the arc segment when the edge of the first wall is subjected to external impact.
  • a minimum distance between the second straight line segment and the edge of the first wall is D3, and D1 ⁇ D3.
  • the arc segment is more susceptible to damage when subjected to impact force; in the embodiment of the present application, D1 is set to be greater than or equal to D3 so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment and the edge of the first wall, thereby reducing the risk of rupture and failure of the arc segment when the edge of the first wall is subjected to external impact.
  • the first wall includes a first edge extending along a third direction, a second edge extending along a second direction, and an arcuate edge connecting the first edge and the second edge, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first straight line segment is parallel to the first edge
  • the second straight line segment is parallel to the second edge
  • the arcuate segment is opposite to the arcuate edge.
  • the minimum spacing between the arcuate segment and the arcuate edge is greater than or equal to the spacing between the first straight line segment and the first edge.
  • the arc edge is located at the corner of the shell and is more susceptible to external impact.
  • the above technical solution allows a larger distance between the arc segment and the arc edge, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment breaking or failing when the arc edge is subjected to external impact, thereby improving reliability.
  • first straight line segments there are two first straight line segments, the two first straight line segments are spaced apart along the second direction, and two ends of the second straight line segment along the second direction are respectively connected to the two first straight line segments through two arc segments.
  • the weak portion is annular and includes two first straight segments, two second straight segments and four arc segments. In the circumferential direction of the weak portion, adjacent first straight segments and second straight segments are connected by arc segments.
  • the weak portion ruptures, and the portion of the first wall surrounded by the weak portion separates from the battery cell, thereby reducing the obstruction to high-temperature and high-pressure materials and releasing the pressure in time.
  • the housing includes a shell and an end cover, the shell has an opening, and the end cover is used to cover the opening.
  • the end cover is a first wall, and the shell includes a second wall; the end cover is welded to the shell to form a welding portion.
  • the welding connection has high strength, and the process is simple and easy to implement.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes a weak portion, the welding portion surrounds the weak portion, and the minimum spacing between the weak portion and the welding portion is 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
  • the heat generated by welding will be transferred to the weak part, causing the weak part to be affected by thermal stress.
  • the above technical solution can reduce the thermal stress transferred to the weak part and reduce the risk of premature rupture and failure of the weak part.
  • the weak portion includes a first straight segment, a second straight segment and an arc segment connected between the first straight segment and the second straight segment.
  • the minimum distance between the arc segment and the welding portion is D4, and the minimum distance between the first straight segment and the welding portion is D5, D4 ⁇ D5.
  • the minimum distance between the second straight line segment and the welding portion is D6, and D4 ⁇ D6.
  • the arc segment is more susceptible to fatigue damage under the action of thermal stress; in the embodiment of the present application, D4 is set to be greater than or equal to D6, so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment and the welding part, thereby reducing the risk of cracking and failure of the arc segment under thermal stress.
  • the arc segment is more prone to fatigue damage under the action of thermal stress; the embodiment of the present application allows a larger distance between the arc segment and the arc welding segment, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment breaking and failing under thermal stress.
  • D4 is 1 mm-4 mm, optionally, D4 is 2 mm-3 mm.
  • the above technical solution can make the distance between the arc segment and the welding part larger, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment breaking and failing under thermal stress.
  • D5 is 0.8 mm-4 mm, optionally, D5 is 1 mm-2.5 mm.
  • the above technical solution can make the distance between the first straight line segment and the welding part larger, thereby reducing the risk of the first straight line segment breaking or failing under thermal stress.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes a weak portion; the thickness of the weak portion is T1, the penetration of the weld is T2, and T1 and T2 satisfy: 0.05 ⁇ T1/T2 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the above technical solution can cause the weak part to rupture before the welding part when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, thereby achieving directional pressure relief of the battery cell, reducing the risk of separation between the shell and the end cover, and ensuring that the strength of the weak part meets the design requirements, reducing the risk of rupture of the weak part when the battery cell is working normally.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising a plurality of battery cells provided by any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • the plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction. In the first direction, the pressure relief mechanism is opposite to the recessed portions of adjacent battery cells.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a battery cell provided by any embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the battery cell is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a front view schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic side view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of FIG4 at block A
  • FIG7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of FIG6 at block B;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Fig. 6;
  • FIG9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of FIG8 at block D;
  • FIG10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of FIG9 at the circle E;
  • FIG11 is a simplified schematic diagram of a weak portion of a pressure relief mechanism of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a simplified schematic diagram of a weak portion of a pressure relief mechanism of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery shown in FIG. 3 at the circle F.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery shown in FIG. 3 at the circle F.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • parallel includes not only the absolutely parallel situation, but also the roughly parallel situation conventionally recognized in engineering; at the same time, “vertical” includes not only the absolutely vertical situation, but also the roughly vertical situation conventionally recognized in engineering.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery cell, a lithium-ion primary battery cell, a lithium-sulfur battery cell, a sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion battery cell or a magnesium-ion battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may be a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • a battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • a battery cell mainly works by the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer, and the positive active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive current collector;
  • the positive current collector includes a positive current collector and a positive electrode tab, and the positive current collector is coated with a positive active material layer, and the positive electrode tab is not coated with the positive active material layer.
  • the material of the positive current collector can be aluminum, and the positive active material layer includes a positive active material, and the positive active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer, and the negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative current collector; the negative current collector includes a negative current collector and a negative electrode tab, and the negative current collector is coated with a negative active material layer, and the negative electrode tab is not coated with a negative active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the separator may be made of PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery cell may further include a housing having a housing cavity, wherein the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are accommodated in the housing cavity.
  • the housing may protect the electrode assembly and reduce the risk of other foreign matter affecting the electrode assembly.
  • the pressure relief mechanism on the battery cell has an important impact on the reliability of the battery cell. For example, when a short circuit or overcharge occurs, thermal runaway may occur inside the battery cell, causing a sudden increase in pressure. In this case, the pressure relief mechanism can be activated to release the internal pressure to the outside to prevent the battery cell from exploding or catching fire.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is activated to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to different design requirements.
  • the threshold may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, electrolyte and separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and may specifically be a pressure-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or a weak area provided in the pressure relief mechanism ruptures, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure relief.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may also be a temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism performs an action, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure relief.
  • the "actuation" mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism is in action or activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure of the battery cell can be released.
  • the action produced by the pressure relief mechanism may include but is not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism is ruptured, broken, torn or opened, etc.
  • the emissions from the battery cells mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolytes, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by the reaction, flames, and the like.
  • a battery cell may block the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell adjacent to it; when the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure, the discharge is blocked by the battery cell, resulting in low pressure relief efficiency and causing safety hazards.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, which provides a recess on the outer shell of the battery cell to avoid the pressure relief mechanism of the adjacent battery cell, reduce the obstruction to the high-temperature and high-pressure materials released by the pressure relief mechanism, enable the battery cell to release pressure in time, and improve reliability.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, and the like.
  • the vehicle may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, and the like;
  • the spacecraft includes an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, and the like;
  • the electric toy includes a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, and the like;
  • the electric tool includes a metal cutting electric tool, a grinding electric tool, an assembly electric tool, and an electric tool for railways, such as an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an impact drill, a concrete vibrator, and an electric planer, and the like.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is disposed inside the vehicle 1, and the battery 2 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1, for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1.
  • the vehicle 1 may further include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , wherein the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, to meet the power requirements of starting, navigating, and driving the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a housing 5 and a battery cell 6 (not shown).
  • the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the housing 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate the battery cell 6, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box 5 can include a first box portion 5a and a second box portion 5b, the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b cover each other, and the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b jointly define a storage space 5c for accommodating the battery cell 6.
  • the second box portion 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box portion 5a is a plate-like structure, and the first box portion 5a covers the open side of the second box portion 5b to form a box 5 with a storage space 5c; the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first box portion 5a covers the open side of the second box portion 5b to form a box 5 with a storage space 5c.
  • the first box portion 5a and the second box portion 5b can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • a sealing member such as a sealant, a sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b.
  • the first box body portion 5a covers the top of the second box body portion 5b
  • the first box body portion 5a can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box body portion 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there can be one or more battery cells 6. If there are more than one battery cell 6, the battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that the battery cells 6 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the battery cells 6 can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, the battery cells 6 can also be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a battery module, and then the battery modules can be connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection to form a whole, and then accommodated in the box 5.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a front view schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a side view schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 4 at box A
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of Figure 6 at box B
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram taken along line C-C in Figure 6.
  • the battery cell 6 of the embodiment of the present application includes a housing 20 and a pressure relief mechanism 10.
  • the housing 20 has a first wall 21 and a second wall 22 arranged opposite to each other along a first direction X.
  • the housing 20 is provided with a recess 23, and the recess 23 is recessed relative to the surface of the second wall 22 away from the first wall 21.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 10 is arranged on the first wall 21, and the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X at least partially overlaps with the projection of the recess 23 along the first direction X.
  • the housing 20 is a hollow structure, and a cavity is formed inside the housing.
  • the cavity can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly of the battery cell 6.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly. For example, if the electrode assembly is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular housing can be selected; if the electrode assembly is a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical housing can be selected.
  • the material of the housing 20 can be various, for example, the material of the housing 20 can be metal or plastic.
  • the material of the housing 20 can be copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the first wall 21 is a wall of the housing 20 with a certain thickness, which may be the top wall of the housing 20, the bottom wall of the housing 20, or the side wall of the housing 20, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the second wall 22 is also a wall of the housing 20 with a certain thickness. The first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are spaced apart in the first direction X.
  • first wall 21 can be a planar structure, a curved structure or other structures.
  • second wall 22 can be a planar structure, a curved structure or other structures.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the position and number of the recess 23.
  • the recess 23 is recessed relative to the surface of the second wall 22 away from the first wall 21 toward the first wall 21.
  • the bottom surface 231 of the recess is closer to the first wall 21 than the second wall 22.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the molding method of the pressure relief mechanism 10 and the first wall 21.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 10 and the first wall 21 are independently molded components, and the two can be connected by welding, bonding or other methods.
  • the first wall 21 is provided with a pressure relief hole, the pressure relief hole passes through the first wall 21, and the pressure relief mechanism 10 is installed on the first wall 21 and covers the pressure relief hole to separate the space on the inner and outer sides of the first wall 21.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 10 and the first wall 21 can also be an integrally molded structure.
  • a portion of the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X is located within the projection of the recess 23 along the first direction X. In other examples, the entire projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X is located within the projection of the recess 23 along the first direction X.
  • the recess 23 of a battery cell 6 can avoid the pressure relief mechanism 10 of the adjacent battery cell 6, and at least part of the high-temperature and high-pressure substances released by the pressure relief mechanism 10 can enter the recess 23 and be released outward through the recess 23, thereby reducing the barrier of the battery cell 6 to the high-temperature and high-pressure substances, allowing the battery cell 6 to release pressure in time, improving reliability, and reducing safety risks.
  • the battery cell 6 includes an electrode assembly (not shown) housed in the housing 20 .
  • the electrode assembly includes a first electrode sheet and a second electrode sheet with opposite polarities.
  • One of the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet is a positive electrode sheet, and the other is a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly generates electrical energy through oxidation and reduction reactions when ions are embedded/extracted in the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly further includes an isolating member, which is used to insulate and isolate the first pole piece from the second pole piece.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure formed by winding the first electrode sheet, the separator and the second electrode sheet, or a laminated structure formed by stacking the first electrode sheet, the separator and the second electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly may be one or more. When there are more than one electrode assembly, the plurality of electrode assemblies may be stacked. For example, the plurality of electrode assemblies may be stacked along the first direction X.
  • the housing 20 includes a shell 20 a and an end cover 20 b , the shell 20 a has an opening, and the end cover 20 b is used to cover the opening.
  • the housing 20 a is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 20 b to form an internal cavity of the battery cell 6 .
  • the formed internal cavity can be used to accommodate an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 20a and the end cover 20b may be independent components.
  • an opening may be provided on the housing 20a, and the end cover 20b may be closed at the opening to form an internal cavity of the battery cell 6.
  • the shell 20a can be in various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism shape, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 20a can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly.
  • the material of the shell 20a can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • the shape of the end cap 20b can be adapted to the shape of the shell 20a to match the shell 20a.
  • the end cap 20b can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 20b is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 6 can have a higher structural strength and the reliability performance can also be improved.
  • the housing 20a may be a structure with an opening on one side, and the end cover 20b is provided as one and covers the opening of the housing 20a.
  • one of the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 is the end cover 20b, and the other is the bottom wall of the housing 20a opposite to the end cover 20b; in other examples, the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are two side walls of the housing 20a opposite to each other.
  • the housing 20a may also be a structure with openings on both sides, and two end covers 20b are provided, and the two end covers 20b are respectively covered with the two openings of the housing 20a.
  • the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are respectively two end covers 20b; in other examples, the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 are two side walls of the housing 20a arranged opposite to each other.
  • the end cover 20b is connected to the housing 20a by welding, bonding, clamping or other methods.
  • the size of the housing 20 along the second direction Y is greater than the size of the housing 20 along the third direction Z
  • the size of the housing 20 along the third direction Z is greater than the size of the housing 20 along the first direction X.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the size of the housing 20 along the first direction X is relatively small. Stacking the battery cells 6 in the first direction X can balance the external dimensions of the battery and improve space utilization and energy density.
  • the first wall 21 has a larger area, which allows for more flexible design of the position of the pressure relief mechanism 10 .
  • a projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X does not overlap with a projection of the second wall 22 along the first direction X.
  • the second wall 22 can avoid the pressure relief mechanism 10 of the adjacent battery cell 6.
  • the second wall 22 can avoid the high-temperature and high-pressure substances, reduce the obstruction to the high-temperature and high-pressure substances, and enable the battery cell 6 to release pressure in time, thereby improving reliability and reducing safety risks.
  • a minimum distance S1 between a projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X and a projection of the second wall 22 along the first direction X is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the risk of the second wall 22 blocking the pressure relief mechanism 10 of an adjacent battery cell 6 due to assembly error when multiple battery cells 6 are stacked along the first direction X, thereby enabling the battery cell 6 to release pressure in time, improving reliability and reducing safety risks.
  • S1 is 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm or 5 mm.
  • a projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X is located within a projection of the recess 23 along the first direction X.
  • the projection of the recess 23 along the first direction X includes a projection of a bottom surface 231 of the recess along the first direction X and a projection of a side surface 232 of the recess along the first direction X.
  • a projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 along the first direction X is located within a projection of the bottom surface 231 of the recess along the first direction X.
  • the bottom surface 231 of the recess is far away from the pressure relief mechanism 10 of the adjacent battery cell 6; the embodiment of the present application makes the pressure relief mechanism 10 and the bottom surface 231 of the recess opposite to each other along the first direction X, which can reduce the thermal shock on the outer shell 20, reduce the risk of damage to the outer shell 20 under thermal shock, improve reliability, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway of multiple battery cells 6 in succession.
  • a minimum distance S2 between a projection of the pressure relief mechanism 10 on the bottom surface 231 of the recess and a side surface 232 of the recess is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the risk that the side surface 232 of the recessed portion is opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 10 of the adjacent battery cell 6 due to assembly error when multiple battery cells 6 are stacked along the first direction X, thereby reducing the thermal shock on the side surface 232 of the recessed portion, reducing the risk of damage to the outer shell 20 under thermal shock, improving reliability, and reducing the risk of successive thermal runaway of multiple battery cells 6.
  • S2 ⁇ 2 mm.
  • S2 is 2 mm, 3 mm or 5 mm.
  • the recess 23 is disposed on at least one side of the second wall 22 in the second direction Y, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the housing 20 may be provided with a recess 23 on one side of the second wall 22 along the second direction Y, or may be provided with recesses 23 on both sides of the second wall 22 along the second direction Y.
  • the recess 23 is provided at the end area of the shell 20 along the second direction Y. After the high-temperature and high-pressure material enters the recess 23, it can be discharged from the end of the shell 20 along the second direction Y, thereby reducing the risk of high-temperature and high-pressure material gathering in the recess 23 and improving reliability.
  • the housing 20 is provided with a third wall 24 at an end portion along the second direction Y, and the recess 23 extends to the third wall 24 along the second direction Y. In other words, in the second direction Y, the recess 23 is recessed relative to the third wall 24 .
  • the recess 23 passes through the housing 20 along the third direction Z, and the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the two ends of the recess 23 along the third direction Z are open. After the high-temperature and high-pressure material enters the recess 23, it can be discharged from the two ends of the recess 23 along the third direction Z, thereby reducing the risk of high-temperature and high-pressure material gathering in the recess 23 and improving reliability.
  • two recesses 23 are provided, and the two recesses 23 are respectively located on two sides of the second wall 22 along the second direction Y, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • Both recesses 23 can be used to avoid the pressure relief mechanisms 10 of adjacent battery cells 6 , which can make the arrangement of the battery cells 6 more flexible and help connect multiple battery cells 6 into groups.
  • the two pressure relief mechanisms 10 can increase the pressure relief rate of the battery cell 6 and improve reliability.
  • the two recesses 23 can respectively avoid the two pressure relief mechanisms 10 of the adjacent battery cells 6, so that the two pressure relief mechanisms 10 can smoothly release high-temperature and high-pressure substances, thereby timely releasing pressure, improving reliability, and reducing safety risks.
  • the first wall 21 is formed integrally with the pressure relief mechanism 10 , and the pressure relief mechanism 10 includes a weakened portion 10 a .
  • the strength of the weak portion 10 a is lower than the strength of the first wall 21 , and the weak portion 10 a is a portion that is easily broken, shattered, torn, or opened.
  • a groove, notch or other structure may be provided in a predetermined area of the first wall 21 to reduce the local strength of the first wall 21, thereby forming a weak portion 10a on the first wall 21.
  • a thinning process is performed on a predetermined area of the first wall 21, and the thinned portion of the first wall 21 forms the weak portion 10a.
  • a material process may be performed on a predetermined area of the first wall 21, so that the strength of the area is weaker than that of other areas. In other words, the area is the weak portion 10a.
  • the entire pressure relief mechanism 10 may be a weak portion 10a, or only a partial area thereof may be a weak portion 10a.
  • the first wall 21 and the pressure relief mechanism 10 are formed integrally, which can not only save the process of connecting the first wall 21 and the pressure relief mechanism 10 , but also improve the connection strength between the first wall 21 and the pressure relief mechanism 10 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 10 includes a weak portion 10 a , and a ratio of a thickness T1 of the weak portion 10 a to a thickness T3 of the first wall 21 is 0.1-0.4.
  • the embodiment of the present application limits the value of T1/T3 to 0.1-0.4, which can reduce the risk of the weak portion 10a breaking and failing when the battery cell 6 is working normally, and enable the weak portion 10a to break in time when the battery cell 6 has thermal runaway.
  • T1/T3 is too small, such as less than 0.1, the strength of the weak portion 10a is low.
  • the weak portion 10a may be at risk of fatigue breakage, causing the pressure relief mechanism 10 to fail and posing a safety hazard.
  • T1/T3 is too large, such as less than 0.4, the strength of the weak portion 10a is high.
  • the pressure required to break the weak portion 10a is high, causing the risk of the weak portion 10a not breaking in time.
  • T1/T3 is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4.
  • the first wall 21 is provided with a groove 21a, and the pressure relief mechanism 10 includes a weak portion 10a.
  • the bottom of the groove 21a forms the weak portion 10a.
  • the weak portion 10a corresponds to the bottom surface of the groove 21a.
  • the groove 21a can reduce the strength of the weak portion 10a, so that the weak portion 10a can be broken in time when the battery cell 6 is in thermal runaway.
  • the groove 21a is formed in a simple manner, and the forming process of the pressure relief mechanism 10 can be simplified by forming the weak portion 10a through the groove 21a.
  • the angle ⁇ surrounded by the weakened portion 10a is 180°-360°.
  • the weak portion 10a may be annular or semi-annular.
  • the weak portion 10a is annular, that is, ⁇ is 360°.
  • the weak portion 10a is semi-circular, and ⁇ is the central angle corresponding to the two ends of the weak portion 10a on the circumscribed circle of the weak portion 10a.
  • ⁇ is 180°, 210°, 240°, 270°, 300°, 330° or 360°.
  • the weak portion 10a may be an annular structure or a semi-annular structure.
  • the area surrounded by the weak portion 10a can be used for pressure relief.
  • Setting ⁇ to 180°-360° can increase the pressure relief area and improve the pressure relief rate.
  • the battery cell 6 further includes an electrode terminal 30 , which is mounted on a region of the first wall 21 surrounded by the weak portion 10 a .
  • the electrode terminal 30 may be used to electrically connect the electrode assembly to a circuit outside the battery cell 6 to achieve charging and discharging of the electrode assembly.
  • the weak portion 10a ruptures, and the area of the first wall 21 surrounded by the weak portion 10a folds or flies out under the impact of the high-temperature and high-pressure material, thereby driving the electrode terminal 30 to move, disconnecting the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 30 and the electrode assembly, cutting off the circuit, and mitigating the thermal runaway of the battery cell 6.
  • the first wall 21 includes two first edges 211 arranged opposite to each other along the second direction Y.
  • the minimum spacing between the side surface 232 of the recess and the adjacent first edge 211 is L1
  • the maximum spacing between the end of the pressure relief mechanism 10 away from the adjacent first edge 211 and the first edge 211 is L2, and L2/L1 ⁇ 0.6.
  • the distance between the recess 23 and one first edge 211 is greater than the distance between the recess 23 and another first edge 211; the first edge 211 adjacent to the recess 23 refers to the first edge 211 with a smaller distance from the recess 23.
  • L1 may be: in the second direction Y, the minimum distance between the first edge 211 adjacent to the recess 23 and the side surface 232 of the recess.
  • the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 10 and one first edge 211 is greater than the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 10 and another first edge 211; the first edge 211 adjacent to the pressure relief mechanism 10 refers to the first edge 211 with a smaller distance from the pressure relief mechanism 10.
  • L2 may be: in the second direction Y, the maximum distance between the first edge 211 adjacent to the pressure relief mechanism 10 and the end of the pressure relief mechanism 10 away from the first edge 211.
  • L2/L1 is limited to be greater than or equal to 0.6, which can balance the pressure release rate and space utilization of the battery cell 6.
  • the smaller L2/L1 is, the smaller L2 is or the larger L1 is.
  • the smaller L2 is, the smaller the area of the battery cell 6 that can be used for pressure relief is; if L2 is too small, the pressure relief rate of the battery cell 6 will be insufficient.
  • the larger L1 is, the larger the size of the recess 23 is, the smaller the space inside the battery cell 6 is, and the smaller the capacity of the battery cell 6 is; if L1 is too large, the space utilization and energy density of the battery cell 6 will be low.
  • the embodiment of the present application limits L2/L1 to greater than or equal to 0.6, which can balance the pressure relief rate and space utilization of the battery cell 6.
  • L2/L1 is 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 or 0.9.
  • the first wall 21 has two second edges 212 disposed opposite to each other along the third direction Z, and the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the minimum spacing S3 between the pressure relief mechanism 10 and the second edge 212 is 2 mm-10 mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the risk of failure of the pressure relief mechanism 10 when the battery cell 6 is working normally, and reduce the loss of the pressure relief area of the battery cell 6.
  • the smaller S3 is, the closer the pressure relief mechanism 10 is to the second edge 212; when the second edge 212 is subjected to an external impact, the greater the impact force transmitted to the pressure relief mechanism 10, the easier it is for the pressure relief mechanism 10 to be damaged or fail.
  • the larger S3 is, the smaller the size of the pressure relief mechanism 10 in the third direction Z is, and the smaller the pressure relief area when the pressure relief mechanism 10 is actuated is.
  • the embodiment of the present application limits S3 to 2mm-10mm, which can reduce the risk of failure of the pressure relief mechanism 10 when the battery cell 6 is working normally, and reduce the loss of the pressure relief area of the battery cell 6.
  • S3 is 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm or 10mm.
  • the weak portion 10 a includes a first straight segment 11 , a second straight segment 12 , and an arc segment 13 connected between the first straight segment 11 and the second straight segment 12 .
  • the present application does not limit the number of the first straight line segments 11 , the number of the second straight line segments 12 , and the number of the arc segments 13 .
  • the arc segment 13 can be provided to achieve a smooth transition between the first straight segment 11 and the second straight segment 12 , thereby reducing stress concentration and lowering the risk of the weak portion 10 a being broken or failing when the battery cell 6 is working normally.
  • the minimum distance between the arc segment 13 and the edge of the first wall 21 is D1
  • the minimum distance between the first straight segment 11 and the edge of the first wall 21 is D2
  • the edge of the first wall 21 includes two first edges 211 and two second edges 212 .
  • D1 may be: the minimum distance between the projection of the arc segment 13 along the first direction X and the projection of the edge of the first wall 21 along the first direction X;
  • D2 may be: the minimum distance between the projection of the first straight line segment 11 along the first direction X and the projection of the edge of the first wall 21 along the first direction X.
  • the arc segment 13 is more susceptible to damage when subjected to impact force; in the embodiment of the present application, D1 is set to be greater than or equal to D2, so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the edge of the first wall 21, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 breaking or failing when the edge of the first wall 21 is subjected to external impact.
  • the minimum distance between the second straight line segment 12 and the edge of the first wall 21 is D3, and D1 ⁇ D3.
  • D3 may be: a minimum distance between a projection of the second straight line segment 12 along the first direction X and a projection of an edge of the first wall 21 along the first direction X.
  • D3 is equal to S3.
  • the arc segment 13 is more susceptible to damage when subjected to impact force; in the embodiment of the present application, D1 is set to be greater than or equal to D3, so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the edge of the first wall 21, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 breaking or failing when the edge of the first wall 21 is subjected to external impact.
  • the first wall 21 includes a first edge 211 extending along a third direction Z, a second edge 212 extending along a second direction Y, and an arcuate edge 213 connecting the first edge 211 and the second edge 212, and the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first straight line segment 11 is parallel to the first edge 211
  • the second straight line segment 12 is parallel to the second edge 212
  • the arcuate segment 13 is opposite to the arcuate edge 213.
  • the minimum spacing between the arcuate segment 13 and the arcuate edge 213 is greater than or equal to the spacing between the first straight line segment 11 and the first edge 211.
  • the arc edge 213 is located at the corner of the housing 20 and is more susceptible to external impacts.
  • the embodiment of the present application allows a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the arc edge 213, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 breaking or failing when the arc edge 213 is subjected to external impacts, thereby improving reliability.
  • the minimum distance between the arc segment 13 and the arc edge 213 is greater than or equal to the distance between the second straight segment 12 and the second edge 212 .
  • the minimum distance between the projection of the arc segment 13 along the first direction X and the projection of the arc edge 213 along the first direction X may be D1; in the second direction Y, the distance between the first straight line segment 11 and the first edge 211 may be D2; in the third direction Z, the distance between the second straight line segment 12 and the second edge 212 may be D3.
  • a length of the first edge 211 extending along the third direction Z is less than a length of the second edge 212 extending along the second direction Y.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the square frame D in FIG. 8 ; and FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the circular frame E in FIG. 9 .
  • the housing 20 includes a shell 20a and an end cover 20b.
  • the shell 20a has an opening, and the end cover 20b is used to cover the opening.
  • the end cover 20b is a first wall 21, and the shell 20a includes a second wall 22.
  • the end cover 20b is welded to the shell 20a to form a welding portion 25.
  • the welding connection has high strength, simple process and is easy to implement.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 10 includes a weak portion 10a.
  • the welding portion 25 surrounds the weak portion 10a; and the minimum spacing S4 between the weak portion 10a and the welding portion 25 is 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
  • the heat generated by welding will be transferred to the weak portion 10a, causing the weak portion 10a to be affected by thermal stress.
  • the embodiment of the present application can reduce the thermal stress transferred to the weak portion 10a, reducing the risk of premature rupture and failure of the weak portion 10a.
  • the weak portion 10a may rupture when the battery cell 6 is working normally, causing the pressure relief mechanism 10 to fail.
  • the embodiment of the present application limits S4 to 0.5mm-5mm to reduce the risk of premature rupture and failure of the weak portion 10a.
  • S4 is 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm.
  • the weak portion 10a includes a first straight segment 11, a second straight segment 12, and an arc segment 13 connected between the first straight segment 11 and the second straight segment 12.
  • the minimum distance between the arc segment 13 and the welding portion 25 is D4, and the minimum distance between the first straight segment 11 and the welding portion 25 is D5, where D4 ⁇ D5.
  • D4 may be: the minimum distance between the projection of the arc segment 13 along the first direction X and the projection of the welding portion 25 along the first direction X;
  • D5 may be: the minimum distance between the projection of the first straight line segment 11 along the first direction X and the projection of the welding portion 25 along the first direction X.
  • the arc segment 13 is more susceptible to fatigue damage under the action of thermal stress; in the embodiment of the present application, D4 is set to be greater than or equal to D5, so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the welding portion 25, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 breaking or failing under thermal stress.
  • D6 may be a minimum distance between a projection of the second straight line segment 12 along the first direction X and a projection of the welding portion 25 along the first direction X.
  • the arc segment 13 is more susceptible to fatigue damage under the action of thermal stress; in the embodiment of the present application, D4 is set to be greater than or equal to D6, so that there is a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the welding portion 25, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 breaking or failing under thermal stress.
  • the welding portion 25 includes a first welding segment 251 extending along a third direction Z, a second welding segment 252 extending along a second direction Y, and an arc-shaped welding segment 253 connecting the first welding segment 251 and the second welding segment 252, and the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first straight segment 11 is parallel to the first welding segment 251
  • the second straight segment 12 is parallel to the second welding segment 252
  • the arc segment 13 is opposite to the arc-shaped welding segment 253.
  • the minimum spacing between the arc segment 13 and the arc-shaped welding segment 253 is greater than or equal to the minimum spacing between the first straight segment 11 and the first welding segment 251.
  • the arc segment 13 is more prone to fatigue damage under the action of thermal stress; the embodiment of the present application allows a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the arc welding segment 253, thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 breaking or failing under thermal stress.
  • the minimum distance between the arc segment 13 and the arc welding segment 253 is greater than or equal to the minimum distance between the second straight segment 12 and the second welding segment 252 .
  • the minimum distance between the projection of the arc segment 13 along the first direction X and the projection of the arc welding segment 253 along the first direction X may be D4; in the second direction Y, the distance between the first straight segment 11 and the first welding segment 251 may be D5; in the third direction Z, the distance between the second straight segment 12 and the second welding segment 252 may be D6.
  • D5 is equal to S4.
  • a length of the first welding segment 251 extending along the third direction Z is smaller than a length of the second welding segment 252 extending along the second direction Y.
  • D4 is 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • D4 is 2 mm to 3 mm.
  • D4 is 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm or 4 mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application can allow a larger distance between the arc segment 13 and the welding portion 25 , thereby reducing the risk of the arc segment 13 being broken or failing under thermal stress.
  • D5 is 0.8 mm to 4 mm.
  • D5 is 1 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • D5 is 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm or 4 mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application can allow a larger distance between the first straight line segment 11 and the welding portion 25 , thereby reducing the risk of the first straight line segment 11 being cracked or failing under thermal stress.
  • D6 is 0.8 mm to 4 mm.
  • D6 is 1 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • D6 is 0.8 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, or 4 mm.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 10 includes a weak portion 10a.
  • the thickness of the weak portion 10a is T1, the penetration of the weld 25 is T2, and T1 and T2 satisfy: 0.05 ⁇ T1/T2 ⁇ 0.3.
  • T1 is the minimum thickness of the weak portion 10a; T2 is the minimum penetration of the weld 25.
  • the embodiment of the present application can cause the weak portion 10a to rupture before the welding portion 25 when the battery cell 6 is in thermal runaway, thereby achieving directional pressure relief of the battery cell 6, reducing the risk of separation between the shell 20a and the end cover 20b, and ensuring that the strength of the weak portion 10a meets the design requirements, thereby reducing the risk of rupture of the weak portion 10a when the battery cell 6 is operating normally.
  • the larger T1/T2 is, the larger T1 is or the smaller T2 is; if T1 is too large, the strength of the weak portion 10a is too high, and when the battery cell 6 thermally runs away, the weak portion 10a may be difficult to rupture in time, causing a safety hazard. If T2 is too small, the connection strength between the shell 20a and the end cover 20b is too low, and when the battery cell 6 thermally runs away, the shell 20a and the end cover 20b may separate before the weak portion 10a ruptures, causing the battery cell 6 to be unable to achieve directional pressure relief, causing a safety hazard.
  • T1/T2 ⁇ 0.3 which can make the weak portion 10a rupture before the welding portion 25, achieve directional pressure relief of the battery cell 6, reduce the risk of separation between the shell 20a and the end cover 20b, and make the strength of the weak portion 10a meet the design requirements, and relieve pressure in time.
  • T1/T2 is 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, or 0.3.
  • T1 is 0.03 mm-0.2 mm.
  • T1 is 0.03 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm or 0.2 mm.
  • T2 is 0.4 mm-0.7 mm.
  • T2 is 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm or 0.7 mm.
  • FIG. 11 is a simplified schematic diagram of a weak portion of a pressure relief mechanism of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of a weak portion of a pressure relief mechanism of a battery cell provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • first straight line segments 11 there are two first straight line segments 11 , the two first straight line segments 11 are spaced apart along the second direction Y, and the two ends of the second straight line segment 12 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two first straight line segments 11 through two arc segments 13 .
  • the weak portion 10a of the embodiment of the present application is generally enclosed in a rectangular area.
  • the weak portion 10a ruptures, and a generally rectangular pressure relief hole is formed on the outer shell of the battery cell, thereby releasing pressure in time.
  • the weak portion 10a is annular and includes two first straight segments 11, two second straight segments 12 and four arc segments 13. In the circumferential direction of the weak portion 10a, adjacent first straight segments 11 and second straight segments 12 are connected by arc segments 13.
  • the weak portion 10 a ruptures, and the portion of the first wall 21 surrounded by the weak portion 10 a separates from the battery cell, thereby reducing the obstruction to high-temperature and high-pressure materials and releasing the pressure in time.
  • the weak portion 10 a is composed of two first straight line segments 11 , one second straight line segment 12 and two arc segments 13 .
  • the weak portion 10a ruptures, and the portion of the first wall 21 surrounded by the weak portion 10a folds over to form a pressure relief port, thereby releasing pressure in time.
  • the portion of the first wall 21 surrounded by the weak portion 10a will not separate from the battery cell, thus reducing the risk of the portion of the first wall 21 surrounded by the weak portion 10a cutting other components.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery shown in FIG. 3 at the circle F.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery shown in FIG. 3 at the circle F.
  • the present application also provides a battery 2 , comprising a plurality of battery cells 6 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the plurality of battery cells 6 are arranged along a first direction X. In the first direction X, the pressure relief mechanism 10 is opposite to the recesses 23 of adjacent battery cells 6 .
  • the recess 23 of the battery cell 6 can avoid the pressure relief mechanism 10 of the adjacent battery cell 6. Part of the high-temperature and high-pressure material released by the pressure relief mechanism 10 can enter the recess 23 and be released outward through the recess 23, thereby reducing the barrier of the battery cell 6 to the high-temperature and high-pressure material, allowing the battery cell 6 to release pressure in time, improving reliability and reducing safety risks.
  • At least a portion of the electrode terminal 30 is accommodated in the recess 23 of the adjacent battery cell 6.
  • the embodiment of the present application can utilize the recess 23 to accommodate the electrode terminal 30, thereby improving space utilization and battery energy density.
  • the battery 2 further includes a busbar 7, which is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 30.
  • a plurality of busbars 7 can connect a plurality of battery cells 6 in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • At least a portion of the current collecting component 7 is accommodated in the recess 23.
  • the embodiment of the present application can utilize the recess 23 to accommodate the current collecting component 7, thereby improving space utilization and energy density of the battery.
  • an electric device comprising a battery cell of any of the above embodiments, the battery cell being used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
  • the electric device may be any of the above equipment or systems using the battery cell.
  • a battery cell 6 is provided according to some embodiments of the present application, which includes a housing 20 and a pressure relief mechanism 10.
  • the housing 20 includes a shell 20a and an end cover 20b, the shell 20a has an opening, the end cover 20b is used to cover the opening, and the end cover 20b is welded to the shell 20a and forms a welding portion 25.
  • the shell 20a includes a second wall 22 arranged opposite to the end cover 20b along the first direction X.
  • the shell 20a is provided with a recess 23, and the recess 23 is recessed relative to the surface of the second wall 22 away from the end cover 20b.
  • the end cover 20b and the pressure relief mechanism 10 are formed integrally, and the end cover 20b is provided with a groove 21a, and the bottom of the groove 21a forms a weak portion 10a; the pressure relief mechanism 10 includes a weak portion 10a.
  • the projection of the weak portion 10a along the first direction X is located within the projection of the bottom surface 231 of the recess along the first direction X.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳和泄压机构。外壳具有沿第一方向相对设置的第一壁和第二壁。外壳设有凹部，凹部相对于第二壁背离第一壁的表面凹陷。泄压机构设置于第一壁，泄压机构沿第一方向的投影与凹部沿第一方向的投影至少部分地重叠。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高电池单体的可靠性，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置，其能提高可靠性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳和泄压机构。外壳具有沿第一方向相对设置的第一壁和第二壁。外壳设有凹部，凹部相对于第二壁背离第一壁的表面凹陷。泄压机构设置于第一壁，泄压机构沿第一方向的投影与凹部沿第一方向的投影至少部分地重叠。
当多个电池单体沿第一方向排列时，电池单体的凹部可以避让相邻的电池单体的泄压机构，泄压机构泄放的至少部分高温高压物质可进入到凹部内并通过凹部向外泄放，从而降低电池单体对高温高压物质的阻挡，使电池单体能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构沿第一方向的投影与第二壁沿第一方向的投影不重叠。
第二壁可避开相邻的电池单体的泄压机构，在泄压机构泄放高温高压物质时，第二壁可以避让高温高压物质，减少对高温高压物质的阻挡，使电池单体能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构沿第一方向的投影与第二壁沿第一方向的投影之间的最小间距大于或等于0.5mm。
上述技术方案可在多个电池单体沿第一方向堆叠时，降低第二壁因装配误差而遮挡相邻的电池单体的泄压机构的风险，从而使电池单体能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构沿第一方向的投影位于凹部的底面沿第一方向的投影内。
在第一方向上，凹部的底面与相邻的电池单体的泄压机构的距离较远；使泄压机构与凹部的底面沿第一方向相对，可以减小外壳受到的热冲击，降低外壳在热冲击下破损的风险，提高可靠性，降低多个电池单体接连热失控的风险。
在一些实施例中，凹部设置于第二壁在第二方向上的至少一侧，第二方向垂直于第一方向。
凹部设于外壳沿第二方向的端部区域，高温高压物质进入凹部后，可以从外壳沿第二方向的端部排出，从而减少高温高压物质在凹部聚集的风险，提高可靠性。
在一些实施例中，在第二方向上，泄压机构在凹部的底面上的投影与凹部的侧面之间的最小间距大于或等于1mm。
上述技术方案可在多个电池单体沿第一方向堆叠时，降低凹部的侧面因装配误差而与相邻的电池单体的泄压机构相对的风险，从而减少凹部的侧面受到的热冲击，降低外壳在热冲击下破损的风险，提高可靠性，降低多个电池单体接连热失控的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁包括沿第二方向相对设置的两个第一边缘。在第二方向上，凹部的侧面与相邻的第一边缘之间的最小间距为L1，泄压机构远离相邻的第一边缘的端部与第一边缘之间的最大间距为L2，L2/L1≥0.6。
L2越小，电池单体的能够用于泄压的区域的面积越小；L1越大，凹部的尺寸越大，电池单体内部的空间也越小，电池单体的容量也越小；上述技术方案将L2/L1限定为大于或等于0.6，可平衡电池单体的泄压速率和空间利用率。
在一些实施例中，凹部沿第三方向贯通外壳，第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两垂直。
凹部沿第三方向的两端打开，高温高压物质进入凹部后，可以从凹部沿第三方向的两端排出，从而减少高温高压物质在凹部聚集的风险，提高可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一壁沿第三方向相对设置的两个第二边缘，第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两垂直。在第三方向上，泄压机构与第二边缘之间的最小间距S3为2mm-10mm。
S3越小，泄压机构越靠近第二边缘；在第二边缘受到外部冲击时，传递至泄压机构的冲击力越大，泄压机构越容易损伤、失效。S3越大，泄压机构在第三方向上的尺寸越小，泄压机构致动时的泄压面积也越小。本申请实施例将S3限定在2mm-10mm，可降低泄压机构在电池单体正常工作时失效的风险，并减小电池单体的泄压面积的损失。
在一些实施例中，外壳沿第二方向的尺寸大于外壳沿第三方向的尺寸，外壳沿第三方向的尺寸大于外壳沿第一方向的尺寸。第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两垂直。
外壳沿第一方向的尺寸较小，在第一方向上堆叠电池单体，可平衡电池的外形尺寸，提高空间利用率和能量密度。第一壁具有较大的面积，可使泄压机构的位置设计更为灵活。
在一些实施例中，凹部设置为两个，两个凹部分别位于第二壁沿第二方向的两侧，第二方向垂直于第一方向。泄压机构为两个，两个泄压机构设置于第一壁沿第二 方向的两端。
两个泄压机构可增大电池单体的泄压速率，提高可靠性。两个凹部可以分别避让相邻电池单体的两个泄压机构，以使两个泄压机构能够顺畅地泄放高温高压物质，从而及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁与泄压机构一体形成，泄压机构包括薄弱部。
第一壁与泄压机构一体形成，既可以省去第一壁与泄压机构的连接工序，还可以提高第一壁与泄压机构的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构包括薄弱部，薄弱部的厚度与第一壁的厚度之比为0.1-0.4。
上述技术方案可降低薄弱部在电池单体正常工作时破损失效的风险，并使薄弱部在电池单体出现热失控时及时破开。
在一些实施例中，第一壁设有凹槽，泄压机构包括薄弱部。凹槽的底部形成薄弱部。
通过开设凹槽可减小薄弱部的强度，以使薄弱部在电池单体热失控时及时破开。凹槽成型方式简单，通过开设凹槽来形成薄弱部，可简化泄压机构的成型工艺。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部环绕的角度α为180°-360°。
薄弱部可为环形结构或半环形结构，在薄弱部破裂时，薄弱部环绕的区域均可用于泄压；将α设置为180°-360°，可增大泄压面积，提高泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括电极端子，电极端子安装于第一壁的被薄弱部围绕的区域。
在电池单体热失控时，薄弱部破裂，第一壁的被薄弱部围绕的区域在高温高压物质的冲击下翻折或飞出，进而带动电极端子运动，断开电极端子与电极组件的电连接，切断电路，减缓电池单体的热失控。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括第一直线段、第二直线段和连接于第一直线段和第二直线段之间的弧形段。
通过设置弧形段可实现第一直线段和第二直线段之间的平滑过渡，减小应力集中，降低薄弱部在电池单体正常工作时破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，弧形段与第一壁的边缘之间的最小间距为D1，第一直线段与第一壁的边缘之间的最小间距为D2，D1≥D2。
相较于第一直线段，弧形段在受到冲击力的作用时更易破损；本申请实施例将D1设置于为大于或等于D2，以使弧形段与第一壁的边缘之间具有较大的距离，进而在第一壁的边缘受到外部冲击时，降低弧形段破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二直线段与第一壁的边缘之间的最小间距为D3，D1≥D3。
相较于第二直线段，弧形段在受到冲击力的作用时更易破损；本申请实施例将D1设置于为大于或等于D3，以使弧形段与第一壁的边缘之间具有较大的距离，进而在第一壁的边缘受到外部冲击时，降低弧形段破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁包括沿第三方向延伸的第一边缘、沿第二方向延伸的第二边缘以及连接第一边缘和第二边缘的弧形边缘，第一方向、第二方向以及第三方 向两两垂直。第一直线段平行于第一边缘，第二直线段平行于第二边缘，弧形段与弧形边缘相对。弧形段与弧形边缘之间的最小间距大于或等于第一直线段与第一边缘之间的间距。
弧形边缘处于外壳的拐角位置，更容易受到外部冲击；上述技术方案使弧形段与弧形边缘之间具有较大的距离，进而在弧形边缘受到外部冲击时，降低弧形段破裂、失效的风险，提高可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一直线段为两个，两个第一直线段沿第二方向间隔设置，第二直线段沿第二方向的两端通过两个弧形段分别连接于两个第一直线段。
在上述技术方案中，薄弱部大体围合成矩形区域，在电池单体热失控时，薄弱部破裂，电池单体的外壳上形成大体呈矩形的泄压口，从而及时泄压。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部为环形且包括两个第一直线段、两个第二直线段和四个弧形段。在薄弱部的周向上，相邻的第一直线段和第二直线段通过弧形段连接。
在电池单体热失控时，薄弱部破裂，第一壁的被薄弱部包围的部分脱离电池单体，从而减少对高温高压物质的阻挡，及时泄压。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口。端盖为第一壁，壳体包括第二壁；端盖焊接于壳体并形成焊接部。焊接的连接强度高，且工艺简单，易于实现。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构包括薄弱部。焊接部环绕薄弱部；薄弱部与焊接部之间的最小间距为0.5mm-5mm。
在焊接壳体和端盖时，焊接产生的热量会传递至薄弱部，从而造成薄弱部受到热应力的影响。上述技术方案可减小传递至薄弱部的热应力，降低薄弱部提前破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部包括第一直线段、第二直线段和连接于第一直线段和第二直线段之间的弧形段。弧形段与焊接部之间的最小间距为D4，第一直线段与焊接部之间的最小间距为D5，D4≥D5。
相较于第一直线段，弧形段在热应力的作用下更容易出现疲劳破损；本申请实施例将D4设置为大于或等于D5，以使弧形段与焊接部之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二直线段与焊接部之间的最小间距为D6，D4≥D6。
相较于第二直线段，弧形段在热应力的作用下更容易出现疲劳破损；本申请实施例将D4设置为大于或等于D6，以使弧形段与焊接部之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，焊接部包括沿第三方向延伸的第一焊接段、沿第二方向延伸的第二焊接段以及连接第一焊接段和第二焊接段的弧形焊接段，第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两垂直。第一直线段平行于第一焊接段，第二直线段平行于第二焊接段，弧形段与弧形焊接段相对。弧形段与弧形焊接段之间的最小间距大于或等于第一直线段与第一焊接段之间的最小间距。
弧形段在热应力的作用下更容易出现疲劳破损；本申请实施例使弧形段与弧形 焊接段之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D4为1mm-4mm，可选地，D4为2mm-3mm。
上述技术方案可以使弧形段与焊接部之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D5为0.8mm-4mm，可选地，D5为1mm-2.5mm。
上述技术方案可以使第一直线段与焊接部之间具有较大的距离，进而降低第一直线段在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构包括薄弱部；薄弱部的厚度为T1，焊接部的熔深为T2，T1和T2满足：0.05≤T1/T2≤0.3。
上述技术方案可在电池单体热失控时，使薄弱部先于焊接部破裂，实现电池单体的定向泄压，降低壳体和端盖分离的风险，并使薄弱部的强度满足设计要求，降低薄弱部在电池单体正常工作时破裂的风险。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第二方面任一实施例提供的电池单体。多个电池单体沿第一方向排列。在第一方向上，泄压机构与相邻的电池单体的凹部相对。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第二方面任一实施例提供的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的侧视示意图；
图6为图4在方框A处的放大示意图；
图7为图6在方框B处的放大示意图；
图8为图6沿线C-C作出的剖视示意图；
图9为图8在方框D处的放大示意图；
图10为图9在圆框E处的放大示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的泄压机构的薄弱部的简化示意图；
图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的泄压机构的薄弱部的简化示意图；
图13为图3所示的电池在圆框F处的放大示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
在本申请的实施例中，“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以是电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解质，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还可包括外壳，外壳具有容纳腔，电极组件和电解质容纳于容纳腔。外壳可以保护电极组件，降低其他异物影响电极组件的风险。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的可靠性。
电池单体上的泄压机构对电池单体的可靠性有着重要影响。例如，当发生短路、过充等现象时，可能会导致电池单体内部发生热失控从而压力骤升。这种情况下通过泄压机构致动可以将内部压力向外释放，以防止电池单体爆炸、起火。
泄压机构是指在电池单体的内部压力达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。该阈值可能取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解质和隔离件中一种或几种的材料。
泄压机构可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏元件或构造，即，当电池单体的内部压力达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作或者泄压机构中设有的薄弱区破裂，从而形成可供内部压力泄放的开口或通道。可替代地，泄压机构也可采用温敏元件或构造，即当电池单体的内部温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构执行动作，从而形成可供内部压力泄放的开口或通道。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体的内部压力得以被泄放。泄压机构产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构在致动时，电池单体的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力的情况下使电池单体发生泄压，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体的排放物包括但不限于：电解质、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离件的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
在相关技术中，电池的多个电池单体通常依次排列；电池单体可能会遮挡与其 相邻的电池单体的泄压机构；在泄压机构泄压时，排放物受到电池单体的阻挡，造成泄压效率偏低，引发安全隐患。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，其通过在电池单体的外壳上设置凹部，以避让相邻的电池单体的泄压机构，降低对泄压机构泄放的高温高压物质的阻挡，使电池单体能够及时泄压，提高可靠性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体6(未示出)，电池单体6容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体6，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体6可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体6为多个，多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的示意图；图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图；图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的侧视示意图；图6为图4在方框A处的放大示意图；图7为图6在方框B处的放大示意图；图8为图6沿线C-C作出的剖视示意图。
参照图3至图8，本申请实施例的电池单体6包括外壳20和泄压机构10。外壳20具有沿第一方向X相对设置的第一壁21和第二壁22。外壳20设有凹部23，凹部23相对于第二壁22背离第一壁21的表面凹陷。泄压机构10设置于第一壁21，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影与凹部23沿第一方向X的投影至少部分地重叠。
外壳20为空心结构，其内部形成空腔。示例性地，空腔可用于容纳电池单体6的电极组件。外壳20的形状可根据电极组件的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件为长方体结构，则可选用长方体外壳；若电极组件为圆柱结构，则可选用圆柱外壳。
外壳20的材质可以是多种，比如，外壳20的材质可以是金属或塑料。可选地，外壳20的材质可以是铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
第一壁21是外壳20的具有一定厚度的壁，其可以是外壳20的顶壁，也可以是外壳20的底壁，还可以是外壳20的侧壁，本申请实施例对此不作限制。第二壁22也是外壳20的具有一定厚度的壁。第一壁21和第二壁22在第一方向X上间隔设置。
本申请实施例不限制第一壁21的形状和第二壁22的形状。示例性地，第一壁21可为平面结构、曲面结构或其它结构。第二壁22可为平面结构、曲面结构或其它结构。
本申请实施例不限制凹部23的位置和数量。示例性地，凹部23可为一个，也可以为多个。
凹部23相对于第二壁22背离第一壁21的表面朝靠近第一壁21的方向凹陷。示例性地，在第一方向X上，凹部的底面231比第二壁22更靠近第一壁21。
本申请实施例不限制泄压机构10和第一壁21的成型方式。在一些示例中，泄压机构10和第一壁21为独立成型的构件，两者可通过焊接、粘接或其它方式连接。例如，第一壁21上设有泄压孔，泄压孔贯通第一壁21，泄压机构10安装于第一壁21，并覆盖泄压孔，以将第一壁21内外两侧的空间隔开。在可替代地实施例中，泄压机构10和第一壁21也可为一体成型结构。
在一些示例中，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影的一部分位于凹部23沿第一方向X的投影内。在另一些示例中，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影整体位于凹部23沿第一方向X的投影内。
在本申请实施例中，当多个电池单体6沿第一方向X排列时，一电池单体6的凹部23可以避让相邻的电池单体6的泄压机构10，泄压机构10泄放的至少部分高温 高压物质可进入到凹部23内并通过凹部23向外泄放，从而降低电池单体6对高温高压物质的阻挡，使电池单体6能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6包括电极组件(未示出)，电极组件容纳于外壳20内。
电极组件包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片。第一极片和第二极片中的一者为正极极片，另一者为负极极片。示例性地，电极组件通过离子在正极极片和负极极片中的嵌入/脱出时的氧化和还原反应来产生电能。
可选地，电极组件还包括隔离件，隔离件用于将第一极片和第二极片绝缘隔离。
电极组件可以是由第一极片、隔离件和第二极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。电极组件也可以是由第一极片、隔离件和第二极片通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。
电极组件可以为一个，也可以为多个。当电极组件为多个时，多个电极组件可以层叠布置。示例性地，多个电极组件可沿第一方向X层叠。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体20a和端盖20b，壳体20a具有开口，端盖20b用于盖合开口。
壳体20a是用于配合端盖20b以形成电池单体6的内部空腔的部件，形成的内部空腔可以用于容纳电极组件、电解质以及其他部件。
壳体20a和端盖20b可以是独立的部件。示例性的，可以于壳体20a上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖20b盖合开口，以形成电池单体6的内部空腔。
壳体20a可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体20a的形状可以根据电极组件的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体20a的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
端盖20b的形状可以与壳体20a的形状相适应以配合壳体20a。可选地，端盖20b可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖20b在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体6能够具备更高的结构强度，可靠性能也可以有所提高。
壳体20a可为一侧开口的结构，端盖20b设置为一个并盖合于壳体20a的开口。在一些示例中，第一壁21和第二壁22中的一者为端盖20b，另一者为壳体20a的与端盖20b相对的底壁；在另一些示例中，第一壁21和第二壁22为壳体20a相对设置的两个侧壁。
可替代地，壳体20a也可为两侧开口的结构，端盖20b设置为两个，两个端盖20b分别盖合于壳体20a的两个开口。在一些示例中，第一壁21和第二壁22分别为两个端盖20b；在另一些示例中，第一壁21和第二壁22为壳体20a相对设置的两个侧壁。
端盖20b通过焊接、粘接、卡接或其它方式连接于壳体20a。
在一些实施例中，外壳20沿第二方向Y的尺寸大于外壳20沿第三方向Z的尺寸，外壳20沿第三方向Z的尺寸大于外壳20沿第一方向X的尺寸。第一方向X、第二方向Y以及第三方向Z两两垂直。
外壳20沿第一方向X的尺寸较小，在第一方向X上堆叠电池单体6，可平衡电池的外形尺寸，提高空间利用率和能量密度。
第一壁21具有较大的面积，可使泄压机构10的位置设计更为灵活。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影与第二壁22沿第一方向X的投影不重叠。
在本申请实施例中，第二壁22可避开相邻的电池单体6的泄压机构10，在泄压机构10泄放高温高压物质时，第二壁22可以避让高温高压物质，减少对高温高压物质的阻挡，使电池单体6能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影与第二壁22沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距S1大于或等于0.5mm。
本申请实施例可在多个电池单体6沿第一方向X堆叠时，降低第二壁22因装配误差而遮挡相邻的电池单体6的泄压机构10的风险，从而使电池单体6能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
可选地，S1为0.5mm、1mm、2mm或5mm。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影位于凹部23沿第一方向X的投影内。
凹部23沿第一方向X的投影包括凹部的底面231沿第一方向X的投影和凹部的侧面232沿第一方向X的投影。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10沿第一方向X的投影位于凹部的底面231沿第一方向X的投影内。
在第一方向X上，凹部的底面231与相邻的电池单体6的泄压机构10的距离较远；本申请实施例使泄压机构10与凹部的底面231沿第一方向X相对，可以减小外壳20受到的热冲击，降低外壳20在热冲击下破损的风险，提高可靠性，降低多个电池单体6接连热失控的风险。
在一些实施例中，在第二方向Y上，泄压机构10在凹部的底面231上的投影与凹部的侧面232之间的最小间距S2大于或等于1mm。
本申请实施例可在多个电池单体6沿第一方向X堆叠时，降低凹部的侧面232因装配误差而与相邻的电池单体6的泄压机构10相对的风险，从而减少凹部的侧面232受到的热冲击，降低外壳20在热冲击下破损的风险，提高可靠性，降低多个电池单体6接连热失控的风险。
在一些实施例中，S2≥2mm。可选地，S2为2mm、3mm或5mm。
在一些实施例中，凹部23设置于第二壁22在第二方向Y上的至少一侧，第二方向Y垂直于第一方向X。
外壳20可在第二壁22沿第二方向Y的一侧设置凹部23，也可在第二壁22沿第二方向Y的两侧均设置凹部23。
凹部23设于外壳20沿第二方向Y的端部区域，高温高压物质进入凹部23后，可以从外壳20沿第二方向Y的端部排出，从而减少高温高压物质在凹部23聚集的风险，提高可靠性。
在一些实施例中，外壳20沿第二方向Y的端部设有第三壁24，凹部23沿第二方向Y延伸至第三壁24。换言之，在第二方向Y上，凹部23相对于第三壁24凹陷。
在一些实施例中，凹部23沿第三方向Z贯通外壳20，第一方向X、第二方向Y以及第三方向Z两两垂直。
凹部23沿第三方向Z的两端打开，高温高压物质进入凹部23后，可以从凹部23沿第三方向Z的两端排出，从而减少高温高压物质在凹部23聚集的风险，提高可靠性。
在一些实施例中，凹部23设置为两个，两个凹部23分别位于第二壁22沿第二方向Y的两侧，第二方向Y垂直于第一方向X。
两个凹部23均可用于避让相邻电池单体6的泄压机构10，这样可使电池单体6的排布方式更为灵活，有助于多个电池单体6的连接成组。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10为两个，两个泄压机构10设置于第一壁21沿第二方向Y的两端。
两个泄压机构10可增大电池单体6的泄压速率，提高可靠性。两个凹部23可以分别避让相邻电池单体6的两个泄压机构10，以使两个泄压机构10能够顺畅地泄放高温高压物质，从而及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁21与泄压机构10一体形成，泄压机构10包括薄弱部10a。
薄弱部10a的强度小于第一壁21的强度，薄弱部10a是易于破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者被打开的部分。
在一些示例中，可以在第一壁21的预定区域开设凹槽、刻痕或其它结构，以减小第一壁21局部的强度，进而在第一壁21上形成薄弱部10a。例如，在第一壁21的预定区域进行减薄处理，第一壁21的被减薄处理的部分形成薄弱部10a。在另一些示例中，可以对第一壁21的预定区域进行材料处理，使得该区域的强度弱于其它区域的强度，换言之，该区域即为薄弱部10a。
泄压机构10可以整体为薄弱部10a，也可以仅部分区域为薄弱部10a。
第一壁21与泄压机构10一体形成，既可以省去第一壁21与泄压机构10的连接工序，还可以提高第一壁21与泄压机构10的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10包括薄弱部10a，薄弱部10a的厚度T1与第一壁21的厚度T3之比为0.1-0.4。
本申请实施例将T1/T3的值限定为0.1-0.4，可降低薄弱部10a在电池单体6正常工作时破损失效的风险，并使薄弱部10a在电池单体6出现热失控时及时破开。
示例性地，如果T1/T3过小，例如小于0.1，那么薄弱部10a的强度偏低，在电池单体6受到震动等冲击时，薄弱部10a可能会出现疲劳破损的风险，导致泄压机构10体现失效，引发安全隐患。如果T1/T3过大，例如小于0.4，那么薄弱部10a的强度偏高，在电池单体6出现热失控时，薄弱部10a破开所需的压力偏大，引发薄弱部10a破开不及时的风险。
在一些实施例中，T1/T3为0.1、0.2、0.3或0.4。
在一些实施例中，第一壁21设有凹槽21a，泄压机构10包括薄弱部10a。凹槽21a的底部形成薄弱部10a。换言之，薄弱部10a与凹槽21a的底面相对应。
通过开设凹槽21a可减小薄弱部10a的强度，以使薄弱部10a在电池单体6热失控时及时破开。凹槽21a成型方式简单，通过开设凹槽21a来形成薄弱部10a，可简化泄压机构10的成型工艺。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部10a环绕的角度α为180°-360°。
薄弱部10a可为环形或半环形。
在一些示例中，薄弱部10a为环形，即α为360°。
在另一些示例中，薄弱部10a为半环形。α为薄弱部10a的两端在薄弱部10a的外接圆上所对应的圆心角。
示例性地，α为180°、210°、240°、270°、300°、330°或360°。
在本申请实施例中，薄弱部10a可为环形结构或半环形结构，在薄弱部10a破裂时，薄弱部10a环绕的区域均可用于泄压；将α设置为180°-360°，可增大泄压面积，提高泄压速率。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6还包括电极端子30，电极端子30安装于第一壁21的被薄弱部10a围绕的区域。
电极端子30可用于将电极组件与电池单体6外部的电路电连接，以实现电极组件的充放电。
在电池单体6热失控时，薄弱部10a破裂，第一壁21的被薄弱部10a围绕的区域在高温高压物质的冲击下翻折或飞出，进而带动电极端子30运动，断开电极端子30与电极组件的电连接，切断电路，减缓电池单体6的热失控。
在一些实施例中，第一壁21包括沿第二方向Y相对设置的两个第一边缘211。在第二方向Y上，凹部的侧面232与相邻的第一边缘211之间的最小间距为L1，泄压机构10远离相邻的第一边缘211的端部与第一边缘211之间的最大间距为L2，L2/L1≥0.6。
在第二方向Y上，凹部23与一个第一边缘211的间距大于该凹部23与另一个第一边缘211的间距；与凹部23相邻的第一边缘211即是指与凹部23的间距较小的第一边缘211。L1可以是：在第二方向Y上，与凹部23相邻的第一边缘211与该凹部的侧面232之间的最小间距。
在第二方向Y上，泄压机构10与一个第一边缘211的间距大于该泄压机构10与另一个第一边缘211的间距；与泄压机构10相邻的第一边缘211即是指与泄压机构10的间距较小的第一边缘211。L2可以是：在第二方向Y上，与泄压机构10相邻的第一边缘211和泄压机构10远离该第一边缘211的端部之间的最大间距。
本申请实施例将L2/L1限定为大于或等于0.6，可平衡电池单体6的泄压速率和空间利用率。
示例性地，L2/L1越小，那么L2越小或L1越大。L2越小，电池单体6的能够用于泄压的区域的面积越小；如果L2过小，将会造成电池单体6的泄压速率不足。L1越大，凹部23的尺寸越大，电池单体6内部的空间也越小，电池单体6的容量也越小； 如果L1过大，将会造成电池单体6的空间利用率和能量密度偏低。本申请实施例将L2/L1限定为大于或等于0.6，可平衡电池单体6的泄压速率和空间利用率。
可选地，L2/L1为0.6、0.7、0.8或0.9。
在一些实施例中，L2/L1≥0.8。
在一些实施例中，第一壁21沿第三方向Z相对设置的两个第二边缘212，第一方向X、第二方向Y以及第三方向Z两两垂直。在第三方向Z上，泄压机构10与第二边缘212之间的最小间距S3为2mm-10mm。
本申请实施例可降低泄压机构10在电池单体6正常工作时失效的风险，并减小电池单体6的泄压面积的损失。
示例性地，S3越小，泄压机构10越靠近第二边缘212；在第二边缘212受到外部冲击时，传递至泄压机构10的冲击力越大，泄压机构10越容易损伤、失效。S3越大，泄压机构10在第三方向Z上的尺寸越小，泄压机构10致动时的泄压面积也越小。本申请实施例将S3限定在2mm-10mm，可降低泄压机构10在电池单体6正常工作时失效的风险，并减小电池单体6的泄压面积的损失。
可选地，S3为2mm、3mm、5mm、8mm或10mm。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部10a包括第一直线段11、第二直线段12和连接于第一直线段11和第二直线段12之间的弧形段13。
本申请不限制第一直线段11的数量、第二直线段12的数量以及弧形段13的数量。
通过设置弧形段13可实现第一直线段11和第二直线段12之间的平滑过渡，减小应力集中，降低薄弱部10a在电池单体6正常工作时破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，弧形段13与第一壁21的边缘之间的最小间距为D1，第一直线段11与第一壁21的边缘之间的最小间距为D2，D1≥D2。
第一壁21的边缘包括两个第一边缘211和两个第二边缘212。
示例性地，D1可以是：弧形段13沿第一方向X的投影与第一壁21的边缘沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距；D2可以是：第一直线段11沿第一方向X的投影与第一壁21的边缘沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距。
相较于第一直线段11，弧形段13在受到冲击力的作用时更易破损；本申请实施例将D1设置于为大于或等于D2，以使弧形段13与第一壁21的边缘之间具有较大的距离，进而在第一壁21的边缘受到外部冲击时，降低弧形段13破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D1＞D2。
在一些实施例中，第二直线段12与第一壁21的边缘之间的最小间距为D3，D1≥D3。
D3可以是：第二直线段12沿第一方向X的投影与第一壁21的边缘沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距。可选地，D3等于S3。
相较于第二直线段12，弧形段13在受到冲击力的作用时更易破损；本申请实施例将D1设置于为大于或等于D3，以使弧形段13与第一壁21的边缘之间具有较大的距离，进而在第一壁21的边缘受到外部冲击时，降低弧形段13破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一壁21包括沿第三方向Z延伸的第一边缘211、沿第二方向Y延伸的第二边缘212以及连接第一边缘211和第二边缘212的弧形边缘213，第一方向X、第二方向Y以及第三方向Z两两垂直。第一直线段11平行于第一边缘211，第二直线段12平行于第二边缘212，弧形段13与弧形边缘213相对。弧形段13与弧形边缘213之间的最小间距大于或等于第一直线段11与第一边缘211之间的间距。
弧形边缘213处于外壳20的拐角位置，更容易受到外部冲击；本申请实施例使弧形段13与弧形边缘213之间具有较大的距离，进而在弧形边缘213受到外部冲击时，降低弧形段13破裂、失效的风险，提高可靠性。
在一些实施例中，弧形段13与弧形边缘213之间的最小间距大于或等于第二直线段12与第二边缘212之间的间距。
示例性地，弧形段13沿第一方向X的投影与弧形边缘213沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距可为D1；在第二方向Y上，第一直线段11与第一边缘211之间的间距可为D2；在第三方向Z上，第二直线段12与第二边缘212之间的间距可为D3。
在一些实施例中，第一边缘211沿第三方向Z延伸的长度小于第二边缘212沿第二方向Y延伸的长度。
图9为图8在方框D处的放大示意图；图10为图9在圆框E处的放大示意图。
请一并参照图6至图10，在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体20a和端盖20b，壳体20a具有开口，端盖20b用于盖合开口。端盖20b为第一壁21，壳体20a包括第二壁22。端盖20b焊接于壳体20a并形成焊接部25。
焊接的连接强度高，且工艺简单，易于实现。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10包括薄弱部10a。焊接部25环绕薄弱部10a；薄弱部10a与焊接部25之间的最小间距S4为0.5mm-5mm。
在焊接壳体20a和端盖20b时，焊接产生的热量会传递至薄弱部10a，从而造成薄弱部10a受到热应力的影响。本申请实施例可减小传递至薄弱部10a的热应力，降低薄弱部10a提前破裂、失效的风险。
示例性地，S4越小，薄弱部10a受到的热应力越大，薄弱部10a越容易提前破裂、失效；如果S4过小，那么电池单体6在正常工作状态下，薄弱部10a也可能会因为内部压力变化而破裂，造成泄压机构10失效。
在电池单体6的充放电过程中，电池单体6的内部会出现压力变化；当电池单体6内压增大时，第一壁21可能会鼓起变形；当电池单体6内压减小时，第一壁21可能会收缩变形。换言之，随着电池单体6内部压力的变化，第一壁21会出现多次变形；而越靠近第一壁21的中心，第一壁21的变形越大。对应地，S4越大，薄弱部10a越靠近第一壁21的中心，薄弱部10a越容易随着第一壁21的变形而疲劳。如果S4过大，可能会造成薄弱部10a在电池单体6正常工作时破裂，导致泄压机构10失效。本申请实施例将S4限定在0.5mm-5mm，以降低薄弱部10a提前破裂、失效的风险。
可选地，S4为0.5mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm或5mm。
在一些实施例中，薄弱部10a包括第一直线段11、第二直线段12和连接于第 一直线段11和第二直线段12之间的弧形段13。弧形段13与焊接部25之间的最小间距为D4，第一直线段11与焊接部25之间的最小间距为D5，D4≥D5。
示例性地，D4可以是：弧形段13沿第一方向X的投影与焊接部25沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距；D5可以是：第一直线段11沿第一方向X的投影与焊接部25沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距。
相较于第一直线段11，弧形段13在热应力的作用下更容易出现疲劳破损；本申请实施例将D4设置为大于或等于D5，以使弧形段13与焊接部25之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段13在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D4＞D5。
在一些实施例中，第二直线段12与焊接部25之间的最小间距为D6，D4≥D6。
D6可以是：第二直线段12沿第一方向X的投影与焊接部25沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距。
相较于第二直线段12，弧形段13在热应力的作用下更容易出现疲劳破损；本申请实施例将D4设置为大于或等于D6，以使弧形段13与焊接部25之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段13在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D4＞D6。
在一些实施例中，焊接部25包括沿第三方向Z延伸的第一焊接段251、沿第二方向Y延伸的第二焊接段252以及连接第一焊接段251和第二焊接段252的弧形焊接段253，第一方向X、第二方向Y以及第三方向Z两两垂直。第一直线段11平行于第一焊接段251，第二直线段12平行于第二焊接段252，弧形段13与弧形焊接段253相对。弧形段13与弧形焊接段253之间的最小间距大于或等于第一直线段11与第一焊接段251之间的最小间距。
弧形段13在热应力的作用下更容易出现疲劳破损；本申请实施例使弧形段13与弧形焊接段253之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段13在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，弧形段13与弧形焊接段253之间的最小间距大于或等于第二直线段12与第二焊接段252之间的最小间距。
示例性地，弧形段13沿第一方向X的投影与弧形焊接段253沿第一方向X的投影之间的最小间距可为D4；在第二方向Y上，第一直线段11与第一焊接段251之间的间距可为D5；在第三方向Z上，第二直线段12与第二焊接段252之间的间距可为D6。可选地，D5等于S4。
在一些实施例中，第一焊接段251沿第三方向Z延伸的长度小于第二焊接段252沿第二方向Y延伸的长度。
在一些实施例中，D4为1mm-4mm。可选地，D4为2mm-3mm。示例性地，D4为1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.2mm、2.5mm、2.8mm、3mm、3.5mm或4mm。
本申请实施例可以使弧形段13与焊接部25之间具有较大的距离，进而降低弧形段13在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D5为0.8mm-4mm。可选地，D5为1mm-2.5mm。示例性地，D5 为0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.2mm、2.5mm、2.8mm、3mm、3.5mm或4mm。
本申请实施例可以使第一直线段11与焊接部25之间具有较大的距离，进而降低第一直线段11在热应力下破裂、失效的风险。
在一些实施例中，D6为0.8mm-4mm。可选地，D6为1mm-2.5mm。示例性地，D6为0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.2mm、2.5mm、2.8mm、3mm、3.5mm或4mm。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构10包括薄弱部10a。薄弱部10a的厚度为T1，焊接部25的熔深为T2，T1和T2满足：0.05≤T1/T2≤0.3。示例性地，T1为薄弱部10a的最小厚度；T2为焊接部25的最小熔深。
本申请实施例可在电池单体6热失控时，使薄弱部10a先于焊接部25破裂，实现电池单体6的定向泄压，降低壳体20a和端盖20b分离的风险，并使薄弱部10a的强度满足设计要求，降低薄弱部10a在电池单体6正常工作时破裂的风险。
示例性地，T1/T2越小，T1越小或T2越大；如果T1过小，那么薄弱部10a的强度偏低，在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，薄弱部10a容易破裂；如果T2过大，焊接时产生的热量越多，传导至薄弱部10a的热应力也越大，在电池单体6受到外部冲击时，薄弱部10a容易破裂。本申请实施例时T1/T2≥0.05，以降低薄弱部10a在电池单体6正常工作时破裂的风险。
示例性地，T1/T2越大，T1越大或T2越小；如果T1过大，那么薄弱部10a的强度偏高，在电池单体6热失控时，薄弱部10a可能会难以及时破裂，引发安全隐患。如果T2过小，壳体20a和端盖20b之间的连接强度偏低，在电池单体6热失控时，壳体20a和端盖20b可能会在薄弱部10a破裂之间分离，造成电池单体6无法实现定向泄压，引发安全隐患。本申请实施例时T1/T2≤0.3，可以使薄弱部10a先于焊接部25破裂，实现电池单体6的定向泄压，降低壳体20a和端盖20b分离的风险，并使薄弱部10a的强度满足设计要求，及时泄压。
在一些实施例中，T1/T2为0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25或0.3。
在一些实施例中，T1为0.03mm-0.2mm。可选地，T1为0.03mm、0.05mm、0.08mm、0.1mm、0.12mm、0.15mm、0.18mm或0.2mm。
在一些实施例中，T2为0.4mm-0.7mm。可选地，T2为0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm或0.7mm。
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的泄压机构的薄弱部的简化示意图；图12为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的泄压机构的薄弱部的简化示意图。
如图11和图12所示，在一些实施例中，第一直线段11为两个，两个第一直线段11沿第二方向Y间隔设置，第二直线段12沿第二方向Y的两端通过两个弧形段13分别连接于两个第一直线段11。
本申请实施例的薄弱部10a大体围合成矩形区域，在电池单体6热失控时，薄弱部10a破裂，电池单体的外壳上形成大体呈矩形的泄压口，从而及时泄压。
如图11所示，在一些实施例中，薄弱部10a为环形且包括两个第一直线段11、 两个第二直线段12和四个弧形段13。在薄弱部10a的周向上，相邻的第一直线段11和第二直线段12通过弧形段13连接。
在电池单体6热失控时，薄弱部10a破裂，第一壁21的被薄弱部10a包围的部分脱离电池单体，从而减少对高温高压物质的阻挡，及时泄压。
如图12所示，在一些实施例中，薄弱部10a由两个第一直线段11、一个第二直线段12和两个弧形段13组成。
在电池单体热失控时，薄弱部10a破裂，第一壁21的被薄弱部10a包围的部分翻折并形成泄压口，从而及时泄压。第一壁21的被薄弱部10a包围的部分不会脱离电池单体，这样可以降低第一壁21的被薄弱部10a包围的部分割伤其它部件的风险。
图13为图3所示的电池在圆框F处的放大示意图。
请参照图3和图13，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池2，包括多个前述任一实施例提供的电池单体6。多个电池单体6沿第一方向X排列。在第一方向X上，泄压机构10与相邻的电池单体6的凹部23相对。
电池单体6的凹部23可以避让相邻的电池单体6的泄压机构10，泄压机构10泄放的部分高温高压物质可进入到凹部23内并通过凹部23向外泄放，从而降低电池单体6对高温高压物质的阻挡，使电池单体6能够及时泄压，提高可靠性，降低安全风险。
在一些实施例中，电极端子30的至少部分容纳于相邻的电池单体6的凹部23内。本申请实施例可以利用凹部23来容纳电极端子30，从而提高空间利用率和电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池2还包括汇流部件7，汇流部件7电连接于电极端子30。示例性地，多个汇流部件7可将多个电池单体6串联、并联或混联。
在一些示例中，汇流部件7的至少部分容纳于凹部23内。本申请实施例可以利用凹部23来容纳汇流部件7，从而提高空间利用率和电池的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一实施例的电池单体，电池单体用于为用电装置提供电能。用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池单体的设备或系统。
参照图4至图10，根据本申请的一些实施例提供了一种电池单体6，其包括外壳20和泄压机构10。外壳20包括壳体20a和端盖20b，壳体20a具有开口，端盖20b用于盖合开口，端盖20b焊接于壳体20a并形成焊接部25。壳体20a包括与端盖20b沿第一方向X相对设置的第二壁22。壳体20a设有凹部23，凹部23相对于第二壁22背离端盖20b的表面凹陷。端盖20b和泄压机构10一体形成，端盖20b设有凹槽21a，凹槽21a的底部形成薄弱部10a；泄压机构10包括薄弱部10a。薄弱部10a沿第一方向X的投影位于凹部的底面231沿第一方向X的投影内。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有沿第一方向相对设置的第一壁和第二壁，且所述外壳设有凹部，所述凹部相对于所述第二壁背离所述第一壁的表面凹陷；以及
    泄压机构，设置于所述第一壁，所述泄压机构沿所述第一方向的投影与所述凹部沿所述第一方向的投影至少部分地重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构沿所述第一方向的投影与所述第二壁沿所述第一方向的投影不重叠。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构沿所述第一方向的投影与所述第二壁沿所述第一方向的投影之间的最小间距大于或等于0.5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构沿所述第一方向的投影位于所述凹部的底面沿所述第一方向的投影内。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凹部设置于所述第二壁在第二方向上的至少一侧，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，在所述第二方向上，所述泄压机构在所述凹部的底面上的投影与所述凹部的侧面之间的最小间距大于或等于1mm。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁包括沿所述第二方向相对设置的两个第一边缘；
    在所述第二方向上，所述凹部的侧面与相邻的所述第一边缘之间的最小间距为L1，所述泄压机构远离相邻的所述第一边缘的端部与所述第一边缘之间的最大间距为L2，L2/L1≥0.6。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凹部沿第三方向贯通所述外壳，所述第一方向、所述第二方向以及所述第三方向两两垂直。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一壁沿第三方向相对设置的两个第二边缘，所述第一方向、所述第二方向以及所述第三方向两两垂直；
    在所述第三方向上，所述泄压机构与所述第二边缘之间的最小间距为2mm-10mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳沿第二方向的尺寸大于所述外壳沿第三方向的尺寸，所述外壳沿所述第三方向的尺寸大于所述外壳沿所述第一方向的尺寸；
    所述第一方向、所述第二方向以及所述第三方向两两垂直。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凹部设置为两个，两个所述凹部分别位于所述第二壁沿第二方向的两侧，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向；
    所述泄压机构为两个，两个所述泄压机构设置于所述第一壁沿所述第二方向的两端。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁与所述泄压机构 一体形成，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部，所述薄弱部的厚度与所述第一壁的厚度之比为0.1-0.4。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁设有凹槽，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部；
    所述凹槽的底部形成所述薄弱部。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部环绕的角度为180°-360°。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15任一项所述的电池单体，还包括电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述第一壁的被所述薄弱部围绕的区域。
  17. 根据权利要求12-16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部包括第一直线段、第二直线段和连接于所述第一直线段和所述第二直线段之间的弧形段。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池单体，其中，所述弧形段与所述第一壁的边缘之间的最小间距为D1，所述第一直线段与所述第一壁的边缘之间的最小间距为D2，D1≥D2。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二直线段与所述第一壁的边缘之间的最小间距为D3，D1≥D3。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁包括沿第三方向延伸的第一边缘、沿第二方向延伸的第二边缘以及连接所述第一边缘和所述第二边缘的弧形边缘，所述第一方向、所述第二方向以及所述第三方向两两垂直；
    所述第一直线段平行于所述第一边缘，所述第二直线段平行于所述第二边缘，所述弧形段与所述弧形边缘相对；
    所述弧形段与所述弧形边缘之间的最小间距大于或等于所述第一直线段与所述第一边缘之间的间距。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一直线段为两个，两个所述第一直线段沿所述第二方向间隔设置，所述第二直线段沿所述第二方向的两端通过两个所述弧形段分别连接于两个所述第一直线段。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池单体，其中，所述薄弱部为环形且包括两个所述第一直线段、两个所述第二直线段和四个所述弧形段；
    在所述薄弱部的周向上，相邻的所述第一直线段和所述第二直线段通过所述弧形段连接。
  23. 根据权利要求1-22任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于盖合所述开口；
    所述端盖为所述第一壁，所述壳体包括所述第二壁；所述端盖焊接于所述壳体并形成焊接部。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述泄压机构包括薄弱部；
    所述焊接部环绕所述薄弱部；所述薄弱部与所述焊接部之间的最小间距为0.5mm- 5mm。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述薄弱部包括第一直线段、第二直线段和连接于所述第一直线段和所述第二直线段之间的弧形段；
    所述弧形段与所述焊接部之间的最小间距为D4，所述第一直线段与所述焊接部之间的最小间距为D5，D4≥D5。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二直线段与所述焊接部之间的最小间距为D6，D4≥D6。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述焊接部包括沿第三方向延伸的第一焊接段、沿第二方向延伸的第二焊接段以及连接所述第一焊接段和所述第二焊接段的弧形焊接段，所述第一方向、所述第二方向以及所述第三方向两两垂直；
    所述第一直线段平行于所述第一焊接段，所述第二直线段平行于所述第二焊接段，所述弧形段与所述弧形焊接段相对；
    所述弧形段与所述弧形焊接段之间的最小间距大于或等于所述第一直线段与所述第一焊接段之间的最小间距。
  28. 根据权利要求25-27任一项所述的电池单体，其中，D4为1mm-4mm，可选地，D4为2mm-3mm。
  29. 根据权利要求25-28任一项所述的电池单体，其中，D5为0.8mm-4mm，可选地，D5为1mm-2.5mm。
  30. 根据权利要求23-29任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压机构包括薄弱部；所述薄弱部的厚度为T1，所述焊接部的熔深为T2，T1和T2满足：0.05≤T1/T2≤0.3。
  31. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-30中任一项所述的电池单体；
    多个所述电池单体沿所述第一方向排列；在所述第一方向上，所述泄压机构与相邻的所述电池单体的所述凹部相对。
  32. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求1-30中任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/071693 2023-01-10 2023-01-10 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Ceased WO2024148518A1 (zh)

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