WO2024155162A1 - 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법 - Google Patents
전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024155162A1 WO2024155162A1 PCT/KR2024/001002 KR2024001002W WO2024155162A1 WO 2024155162 A1 WO2024155162 A1 WO 2024155162A1 KR 2024001002 W KR2024001002 W KR 2024001002W WO 2024155162 A1 WO2024155162 A1 WO 2024155162A1
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- electrode active
- active material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/73—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using plasma burners or torches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting metal contaminants in an electrode active material, and more specifically, to a method for detecting fine metal contaminants of 40 ⁇ m or less, which are difficult to remove in advance, and quantitatively analyzing their content.
- metal foreign substances contained in the electrode active material may precipitate on the surface of the cathode during charging and discharging, forming an internal short circuit, which may cause capacity reduction, low voltage failure, and/or fire. there is. Therefore, in order to manage the quality of secondary batteries, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the amount of metal contaminants in the electrode active material and manage the amount of contaminants.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and seeks to provide a detection method that can quantitatively detect a very small amount of fine metal contaminants contained in an electrode active material.
- the present invention includes a first step of mixing an electrode active material and an aqueous nitric acid solution to form a metal foreign matter extraction solution; A second step of selectively precipitating metal foreign substances in the metal foreign matter extraction solution; and a third step of measuring the content of metal contaminants in the precipitate.
- the electrode active material may contain metal impurities with a particle size of 40 ⁇ m or less, and the metal impurities may be one or more selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Al, Ti, Sn, Pb, and alloys thereof. there is.
- the electrode active material may be a positive electrode active material, and in this case, the positive electrode active material may have a D 50 of 1 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the first step is preferably performed under the condition that the solubility of the metal foreign matter is 80% or more and the solubility of the metal component of the electrode active material is 50% or less.
- the first step may be performed by dissolving the electrode active material in an aqueous nitric acid solution having a nitric acid concentration of 20 to 40% by weight and then stirring at room temperature for 1 to 30 hours.
- the second step may be performed by adjusting the pH of the metal foreign material extraction solution, for example, adding ammonia water to the metal foreign material extraction solution to adjust the pH of the metal foreign material extraction solution to 4.8 to 6.5. It can be done in this way.
- the third step can be performed by dissolving the precipitate with acid and then measuring the content of dissolved metal impurities using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the acid may include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and mixtures thereof, preferably, at least one of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
- the detection method according to the present invention is to selectively dissolve metal foreign substances from the electrode active material using an aqueous nitric acid solution to form a metal foreign material extraction solution, and to selectively precipitate the metal foreign materials from the metal foreign material extraction solution to obtain a precipitate.
- the detection method of the present invention since a process of removing the metal component of the electrode active material is performed, a larger amount of the electrode active material can be added to the same volume of nitric acid aqueous solution compared to the preparation of a conventional ICP analysis solution. Since the ICP analysis solution is prepared by concentrating the metal foreign matter through precipitation and re-dissolving it in acid, the amount of electrode active material sample that can be analyzed per unit volume of the finally formed ICP analysis solution increases compared to before. Therefore, by using the method of the present invention, metal foreign substances unevenly distributed within the electrode active material can be easily detected.
- 1 is a diagram for explaining the detection method of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a photograph showing the metal foreign matter extraction solution (a) of Example 1 and the sample solution (b) in which the precipitate was dissolved in acid.
- the present inventors mixed electrode active materials with an aqueous nitric acid solution to form a metal foreign material extraction solution, and selectively extracted metal foreign materials from the extraction solution. After obtaining a precipitate by precipitation, it was discovered that trace amounts of metal impurities contained in the electrode active material could be quantitatively detected through a method of measuring the content of metal impurities contained in the precipitate, and the present invention was completed.
- the method for detecting metal foreign matter in an electrode active material includes a first step of mixing an electrode active material and an aqueous nitric acid solution to form a metal foreign material extraction solution; A second step of selectively precipitating metal foreign substances from the metal foreign matter extraction solution to obtain a precipitate; And a third step of measuring the content of metal contaminants in the precipitate.
- Step 1 Metal foreign matter extraction solution forming step
- an electrode active material and an aqueous nitric acid solution are mixed to selectively dissolve metal foreign substances to form a metal foreign matter extraction solution (first step).
- the electrode active material may contain metal foreign matter with a particle size of 40 ⁇ m or less, and the metal foreign material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Zn, Al, Ti, Sn, Pb, and alloys thereof. It may be Cu, Zn, or a combination thereof, and more preferably Cu.
- the electrode active material may be a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material, and preferably may be a positive electrode active material. Meanwhile, the positive electrode active material may have a D 50 of 1 to 40 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the first step is to extract metal foreign substances contained in the positive electrode active material, and uses an aqueous nitric acid solution as an extraction solvent.
- the first step may be performed by mixing the aqueous nitric acid solution and the electrode active material and then stirring for a certain period of time to elute the metal impurities in the electrode active material.
- the first step is to ensure that the solubility of the metal contaminants is 80% or more and that the metal components constituting the electrode active material, such as Ni, Co, Mn, Al, etc. (for convenience, are referred to as 'electrode active material metal components') ) is preferably carried out under conditions where the solubility is 50% or less.
- the solubility of metal foreign substances and the solubility of metal components of electrode active materials vary depending on the concentration, elution time, and elution temperature of the nitric acid aqueous solution.
- the solubility of the metal foreign material and the solubility of the metal component of the electrode active material can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the concentration of the nitric acid aqueous solution used and the metal ion elution conditions according to the type of metal foreign material to be detected.
- the metal foreign matter to be detected is copper (Cu)
- Cu copper
- the electrode active material is dissolved in an aqueous nitric acid solution, and then incubated at room temperature, for example, at a temperature of 10°C to 30°C for 1 hour to 30 hours, preferably. It is preferable to stir for 5 to 30 hours, more preferably 5 to 25 hours to elute the metal foreign matter.
- the solubility of copper in the nitric acid aqueous solution increases relative to the metal component of the electrode active material, and the copper ratio in the extraction solution may increase.
- the concentration and elution conditions of the nitric acid aqueous solution may also vary accordingly.
- the solution containing the metal impurities is separated through a method such as centrifugation to obtain a metal impurity extraction solution.
- the content of the metal component of the electrode active material to be eluted can be minimized.
- the content of the metal component of the electrode active material contained in the extraction solution can be reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 or less compared to the content contained in the electrode active material.
- the second step is to separate the metal foreign matter from the metal foreign material extraction solution through precipitation, and can be performed, for example, by adjusting the pH of the metal foreign material extraction solution.
- the pH of the metal foreign matter extraction solution can be adjusted to increase the selective precipitation rate of the metal foreign matter to be detected.
- the metal impurity to be extracted is copper
- the selective precipitation rate for copper increases, enabling effective separation of the electrode active material metal component and copper, and by minimizing the electrode active material metal content in the precipitate, the electrode active material content is measured when measuring the metal foreign material content.
- the matrix effect of the active material metal component can be minimized.
- the metal components of the electrode active material precipitate together with copper, and if the pH is less than 4.8, the copper precipitation rate is lowered, reducing the matrix effect of the metal components of the electrode active material when measuring the metal foreign material content. It's difficult to do.
- the pH range of the metal foreign material extraction solution in this step is not limited to the above range, and if the type of metal foreign material to be detected is different, the metal foreign material extraction solution is set to a pH range in which the metal foreign material can be selectively precipitated. The pH range can be adjusted.
- the content of metal components of the electrode active material contained in the precipitate can be reduced to 1/20 or less of the content contained in the electrode active material. Accordingly, when measuring the metal foreign matter content, the influence of the matrix of the metal component of the electrode active material can be minimized, and even a very small amount of metal foreign material contained at the ppb level can be quantitatively measured.
- the content of metal contaminants in the sediment is measured (step 3).
- the measurement of the metal contaminant content may be performed, for example, through an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the metal contaminant content is measured using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method, after dissolving the precipitate with acid to prepare a sample solution, using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma It can be performed by measuring the content of metal foreign substances in the sample solution using atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
- ICP-AES atomic emission spectroscopy
- ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- the acid may include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and mixtures thereof, preferably, at least one of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
- the content of the metal component of the electrode active material contained in the precipitate through the second step is very small, less than 1/20 of the content contained in the electrode active material, so the matrix effect due to the metal component of the electrode active material An environment in which less money is received is created. Therefore, even the content of metal contaminants contained in extremely small amounts at the ppb level can be analyzed through the ICP method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method for detecting metal contaminants in an electrode active material according to the present invention.
- the ratio of the electrode active material metal component in the sample to be measured decreases and the proportion of metal foreign substances such as Cu increases, so that the electrode active material metal component Since the matrix effect can be minimized, trace amounts of metal foreign substances can be detected quantitatively.
- NCM811 positive electrode active material
- Figure 2(a) is a photograph of the collected metal foreign matter extraction solution.
- Cu recovery rate was measured by calculating the percentage of Cu content in the sediment relative to the Cu content in the metal foreign matter extraction solution measured above. The measurement results are shown in [Table 1] below.
- Cu recovery rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 13 wt% ammonia water was added to the metal foreign matter extraction solution during copper precipitation until the pH reached 5.6.
- the measurement results are shown in [Table 1] below.
- Cu recovery rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 13 wt% ammonia water was added to the metal foreign matter extraction solution during copper precipitation until the pH reached 4.8. The measurement results are shown in [Table 1] below.
- NCM811 positive electrode active material
- Example 4 the measurement sample was prepared by mixing 0.23 mg of Cu with 10.8 g of the positive electrode active material, so the concentration of Cu per 1 kg of the positive active material is approximately 21 mg/kg, and the value measured according to the method of the present invention is 20.1. It can be seen that the measured value is almost similar to the actual mixed amount of Cu in mg/kg. Additionally, when comparing Example 5 and Example 6, it can be confirmed that the difference between the measured values of Example 5 and Example 6 is consistent with the Cu content added additionally in Example 6. This shows that the content of metal contaminants can be measured relatively accurately using the method of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
| Cu 회수율(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 98 |
| 실시예 2 | 99 |
| 실시예 3 | 93 |
| Cu 함량(mg/kg) | |
| 실시예 4 | 20.1mg/kg |
| 실시예 5 | 0.35mg/kg |
| 실시예 6 | 0.41mg/kg |
Claims (12)
- 전극 활물질과 질산 수용액을 혼합하여 금속 이물 추출 용액을 형성하는 제1단계;상기 금속 이물 추출 용액에서 금속 이물을 선택적으로 침전시켜 침전물을 얻는 제2단계; 및상기 침전물 내 금속 이물의 함량을 측정하는 제3단계를 포함하는 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전극 활물질은 입자 크기가 40㎛ 이하인 금속 이물을 포함하는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 금속 이물은 Cu, Zn, Al, Ti, Sn, Pb, 및 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1단계는 금속 이물의 용해도가 80% 이상이고, 전극 활물질 금속 성분의 용해도가 50% 이하가 되는 조건으로 수행되는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 질산 수용액은 질산 농도가 20 ~ 40중량%인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1단계는, 전극 활물질을 질산 농도가 20 ~ 40중량%인 질산 수용액에 용해시킨 후, 상온에서 1시간 내지 30시간 동안 교반하는 방법으로 수행되는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2단계는, 상기 금속 이물 추출 용액의 pH를 조절하여 수행되는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 금속 이물 추출 용액에 암모니아수를 첨가하여 금속 이물 추출 용액의 pH를 4.8 ~ 6.5로 조절하는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2단계는, 원심 분리를 통해 상기 금속 이물 추출 용액으로부터 침전물을 분리한 후 건조하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 추출 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제3단계는, 상기 침전물을 산으로 용해시킨 다음, 유도 결합 플라즈마(Inductively Coupled Plasma, ICP)법으로 용해된 금속 이물의 함량을 측정하는 방법으로 수행되는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 산은 염산, 질산, 과산화수소 및 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 산은 염산 및 질산 중 1종 이상 및 과산화수소를 포함하는 것인 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24744941.6A EP4636385A4 (en) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-19 | METHOD FOR DETECTING METALLIC IMPURITIES IN AN ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL |
| JP2025542087A JP2026509066A (ja) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-19 | 電極活物質中の金属異物の検出方法 |
| CN202480007951.3A CN120500620A (zh) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-19 | 检测电极活性材料中的金属异物的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20230009013 | 2023-01-20 | ||
| KR10-2023-0009013 | 2023-01-20 | ||
| KR10-2024-0008950 | 2024-01-19 | ||
| KR1020240008950A KR20240116414A (ko) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-19 | 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2024155162A1 true WO2024155162A1 (ko) | 2024-07-25 |
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| PCT/KR2024/001002 Ceased WO2024155162A1 (ko) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-01-19 | 전극 활물질 내 금속 이물의 검출 방법 |
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| JP (1) | JP2026509066A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024155162A1 (ko) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160037334A (ko) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-06 | (주)에스제이신소재 | 이차전지용 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이온 이차전지 |
| KR101720613B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-10 | 2017-03-28 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차전지 재료 내에 포함되어 있는 비자성체 금속 입자의 검출방법 |
| KR20200028238A (ko) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폐전극으로부터 금속 성분을 회수하는 방법 |
| KR20220057137A (ko) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-09 | 코스모화학 주식회사 | 삼원계 폐양극활물질로부터 리튬의 선택적 회수방법 |
| WO2022219222A1 (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-10-20 | Metso Outotec Finland Oy | Extraction of metals from lithium-ion battery material |
-
2024
- 2024-01-19 JP JP2025542087A patent/JP2026509066A/ja active Pending
- 2024-01-19 WO PCT/KR2024/001002 patent/WO2024155162A1/ko not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101720613B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-10 | 2017-03-28 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차전지 재료 내에 포함되어 있는 비자성체 금속 입자의 검출방법 |
| KR20160037334A (ko) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-06 | (주)에스제이신소재 | 이차전지용 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이온 이차전지 |
| KR20200028238A (ko) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 폐전극으로부터 금속 성분을 회수하는 방법 |
| KR20220057137A (ko) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-09 | 코스모화학 주식회사 | 삼원계 폐양극활물질로부터 리튬의 선택적 회수방법 |
| WO2022219222A1 (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-10-20 | Metso Outotec Finland Oy | Extraction of metals from lithium-ion battery material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PENG FANGWEI, MU DEYING, LI RUHONG, LIU YUANLONG, JI YUANPENG, DAI CHANGSONG, DING FEI: "Impurity removal with highly selective and efficient methods and the recycling of transition metals from spent lithium-ion batteries", RSC ADVANCES, ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY, GB, vol. 9, no. 38, 16 July 2019 (2019-07-16), GB , pages 21922 - 21930, XP093108047, ISSN: 2046-2069, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA02331C * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2026509066A (ja) | 2026-03-17 |
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