WO2024169130A1 - 一种自由活塞直线发电机系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种自由活塞直线发电机系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024169130A1
WO2024169130A1 PCT/CN2023/108705 CN2023108705W WO2024169130A1 WO 2024169130 A1 WO2024169130 A1 WO 2024169130A1 CN 2023108705 W CN2023108705 W CN 2023108705W WO 2024169130 A1 WO2024169130 A1 WO 2024169130A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
exhaust port
chamber
combustion chamber
generator system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/108705
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2024169130A9 (zh
Inventor
李双清
韦虹
胡轲
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Ningbo Geely Royal Engine Components Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Ningbo Geely Royal Engine Components Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd, Ningbo Geely Royal Engine Components Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co Ltd
Priority to EP23922253.2A priority Critical patent/EP4607010A4/en
Priority to KR1020257013612A priority patent/KR20250073417A/ko
Publication of WO2024169130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024169130A1/zh
Publication of WO2024169130A9 publication Critical patent/WO2024169130A9/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
    • H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
    • H02K7/1884—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts structurally associated with free piston engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/007—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in only one direction is obtained by a single acting piston motor, e.g. with actuation in the other direction by spring means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/02—Equalising or cushioning devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F02B63/041—Linear electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to but is not limited to vehicle technology, and more particularly to a free piston linear generator system and a control method thereof.
  • the free piston linear generator is a new range extender suitable for electric vehicles. Compared with the related engine plus generator structure, its engine and generator are naturally integrated. Since the free piston linear generator eliminates the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism used in related engines, the piston moves freely without being constrained by the mechanical structure. Therefore, the engine has the advantages of simple and compact structure and less energy conversion process. In addition, the free piston linear generator has strong fuel universality and can use different types of fuel.
  • the free piston linear generator system includes: a cylinder body, having a first piston chamber, an air inlet, a combustion chamber, an exhaust port, and a second piston chamber, the combustion chamber is located between the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, the air inlet is located between the first piston chamber and the combustion chamber, and the exhaust port is located between the second piston chamber and the combustion chamber; a piston group including a first piston and a second piston, the first piston is movably arranged in the first piston chamber and is arranged to be able to open and close the air inlet, and the second piston is movably arranged in the second piston chamber and is arranged to be able to open and close the exhaust port; wherein a first reset unit is provided between the first piston and an end of the first piston chamber facing away from the combustion chamber, a second reset unit is provided between the second piston and an end of the second piston chamber facing away from the combustion chamber, and a functional mechanism is provided between the second piston and the peripheral wall of the second piston chamber, and the functional mechanism is
  • the control method proposed in an embodiment of the present invention includes: when the operating frequency of the second piston is lower than the design frequency, during the process of the first piston and the second piston moving toward each other to close the exhaust port, controlling the functional mechanism to increase the speed of the second piston so that the second piston closes the exhaust port in advance.
  • the control method proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: when the operating frequency of the second piston is higher than the design frequency, during the process of the first piston and the second piston moving toward each other to close the exhaust port, controlling the functional mechanism to decelerate the second piston so that the second piston delays closing the exhaust port.
  • FIG1 is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a free piston linear generator system proposed in some embodiments.
  • FIG2 is a displacement time curve diagram of a free piston linear generator system when the operating frequency of the second piston is lower than the design frequency;
  • FIG3 is a displacement time curve diagram of the free piston linear generator system when the operating frequency of the second piston is higher than the design frequency.
  • the present application provides a free piston linear generator system, the tissue ventilation process of which can be adjusted to be more reasonable.
  • the present application also provides a control method for a free piston linear generator system.
  • the free piston linear generator system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG1, comprises: a cylinder body 3, the cylinder body 3 having a first piston chamber, an air inlet 1, a combustion chamber 7, an exhaust port 2, and a second piston chamber, the combustion chamber 7 is located between the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, the air inlet 1 is located between the first piston chamber and the combustion chamber 7, and the exhaust port 2 is located between the second piston chamber and the combustion chamber 7; a piston group comprising a first piston 5 and a second piston 6, the first piston 5 being axially movably disposed in the first piston chamber and being configured to open and close the air inlet 1, the second piston 6 being axially movably disposed in the first piston chamber
  • the second piston chamber is configured to open and close the exhaust port 2; wherein a first reset unit is provided between the first piston 5 and one end of the first piston chamber facing away from the combustion chamber 7, a second reset unit is provided between the second piston 6 and one end of the second piston chamber facing away from the combustion chamber 7, a functional
  • the control function mechanism speeds up the second piston 6 so that the second piston 6 closes the exhaust port in advance; when the operating frequency of the second piston 6 is higher than the design frequency, during the process of the first piston 5 and the second piston 6 moving toward each other to close the exhaust port 2, the control function mechanism slows down the second piston 6 so that the second piston 6 delays closing the exhaust port.
  • the second piston 6 is located at the right inner dead center (located at the right end of the combustion chamber) and the exhaust port 2 is closed.
  • the first piston 5 is located at the left inner dead center (located at the left end of the combustion chamber) and the intake port 1 is closed.
  • the combustion chamber 7 is ignited and burned by the spark plug 4.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas pushes the first piston 5 to the left, and the second piston 6 expands to the right to do work.
  • the exhaust port 2 opens at time a, and the intake port 1 opens at time b (b lags behind a).
  • the intake port 1 and the exhaust port 2 are opened at the same time until the first piston 5 moves to the left to the outer dead center on the left, and the second piston 6 moves to the right to the outer dead center on the right.
  • the functional mechanism converts the mechanical energy of the second piston 6 into electrical energy for generation.
  • the first piston 5 moves rightward toward the combustion chamber 7 under the action of the first reset unit, and the second piston 6 moves leftward toward the combustion chamber 7 under the action of the second reset unit.
  • the first piston 5 closes the intake port 1.
  • the second piston 6 moves to time d
  • the second piston 6 closes the exhaust port 2 (d lags behind c).
  • the first piston 5 moves to the inner dead point on the left side, and the second piston 6 moves to the inner dead point on the right side (opposite movement process).
  • the free piston linear generator has a reasonable ventilation process, with the advantages of high charging efficiency, less swept-out mixture, high engine efficiency, and less emissions.
  • the control function mechanism is configured to decelerate the second piston 6 (that is, the direction of the driving force is away from the combustion chamber 7, which is opposite to the movement direction of the second piston 6), so that the second piston 6 delays closing the exhaust port 2 (closed at time f in Figure 3, and the displacement time curve of the second piston 6 in this process changes to the dotted line in Figure 3), thereby prolonging the exhaust process, which is conducive to sweeping out the exhaust gas and can achieve precise control of the scavenging process.
  • an energy conversion mechanism is provided between the first piston 5 and the peripheral wall of the first piston chamber, the energy conversion mechanism is configured to convert the mechanical energy of the first piston 5 into electrical energy, and the functional mechanism is configured to convert the mechanical energy of the second piston 6 into electrical energy, and the functional mechanism and the energy conversion mechanism jointly generate electricity, so that the power generation efficiency is higher.
  • At least one of the functional mechanism and the energy conversion mechanism includes an electromagnet mechanism.
  • the energy conversion mechanism includes: a first coil 11, which is disposed on the peripheral wall of the first piston cavity; and a first iron core 8, which is disposed in the first piston cavity and connected to the first piston 5, and a first reset unit is located between the first iron core 8 and an end of the first piston cavity facing away from the combustion chamber 7.
  • the first reset unit includes an air spring 12.
  • the functional mechanism includes: a second coil 10, which is disposed on the peripheral wall of the second piston cavity; and a second iron core 9, which is disposed in the second piston cavity and connected to the second piston 6, and a second reset unit is located between the second iron core 9 and an end of the second piston cavity facing away from the combustion chamber 7.
  • the second reset unit also includes an air spring 12.
  • the axial distance between the intake port 1 and the center of the combustion chamber 7 is greater than the axial distance between the exhaust port 2 and the center of the combustion chamber 7, so that the intake port 1 opens later than the exhaust port 2 during the reverse movement, and the exhaust port 2 closes later than the intake port 1 during the forward movement.
  • the second piston 6 is located at the inner dead center on the right side and the exhaust port 2 is closed.
  • the first piston 5 is located at the inner dead center on the left side and the intake port 1 is closed. Ignition and combustion are carried out in the combustion chamber 7 through the spark plug 4. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas pushes the first piston 5 to the left and the second piston 6 to expand to the right to do work.
  • the exhaust port 2 opens before the intake port 1, and then the intake port 1 and the exhaust port 2 are in the open state at the same time, until the first piston 5 moves to the left to the outer dead center on the left side and the second piston 6 moves to the right to the outer dead center on the right side.
  • the functional mechanism and the energy conversion mechanism convert mechanical energy into electrical energy to generate electricity (backward motion process).
  • the first piston 5 moves to the right toward the combustion chamber 7 under the action of the first reset unit, and the second piston 6 moves to the left toward the combustion chamber 7 under the action of the second reset unit.
  • the intake port 1 is closed before the exhaust port 2.
  • the first piston 5 moves to the right toward the combustion chamber 7 under the action of the first reset unit.
  • the piston 5 moves to the inner dead center on the left side, and the second piston 6 moves to the inner dead center on the right side (movement process towards each other).
  • the free piston linear generator system can use a conventional three-way catalytic converter to achieve equivalent combustion of exhaust gas.
  • the control method proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: when the operating frequency of the second piston 6 is lower than the design frequency, during the process of the first piston 5 and the second piston 6 moving toward each other to close the exhaust port 2, the control function mechanism speeds up the second piston 6 so that the second piston 6 closes the exhaust port 2 in advance, thereby shortening the exhaust process, reducing the escape of fresh air in the combustion chamber 7, and realizing precise control of the scavenging process.
  • the exhaust port 2 is closed later than the intake port 1 , so that the scavenging process can be more accurately controlled.
  • the exhaust port 2 opens before the intake port 1 .
  • the control method proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: when the operating frequency of the second piston 6 is higher than the design frequency, during the process of the first piston 5 and the second piston 6 moving toward each other to close the exhaust port 2, the control function mechanism decelerates the second piston 6, so that the second piston 6 delays closing the exhaust port 2, thereby prolonging the exhaust process, which is beneficial to sweeping out the exhaust gas and realizing precise control of the scavenging process.
  • the exhaust port 2 is closed later than the intake port 1 , so that the scavenging process can be more accurately controlled.
  • the exhaust port 2 opens before the intake port 1 .
  • the technical solution of the free piston linear generator system has a simple and compact structure.
  • the control function mechanism is set to speed up the second piston, so that the second piston closes the exhaust port in advance, shortens the exhaust process, and reduces the escape of fresh air in the combustion chamber; when the operating frequency of the second piston is higher than the design frequency, the exhaust gas will be discharged poorly in the process of the first piston and the second piston moving toward each other to close the exhaust port.
  • the control function mechanism is set to slow down the second piston, so that the second piston delays closing the exhaust port, prolongs the exhaust process, and is conducive to sweeping out the exhaust gas.
  • connection In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms “connection”, “direct connection”, “indirect connection”, “fixed connection”, “installation”, and “assembly” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; the terms “installation”, “connection”, and “fixed connection” can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种自由活塞直线发电机系统及其控制方法。发电机系统包括：缸体（3），具有第一活塞腔、进气口（1）、燃烧室（7）、排气口（2）和第二活塞腔，燃烧室（7）位于第一活塞腔和第二活塞腔之间，进气口（1）位于第一活塞腔和燃烧室（7）之间，排气口（2）位于第二活塞腔和燃烧室（7）之间；包括第一活塞（5）和第二活塞（6）的活塞组，第一活塞（5）可移动地设于第一活塞腔，第二活塞（6）可移动地设于第二活塞腔；其中，第一活塞（5）和第一活塞腔的背向燃烧室（7）的一端之间设有第一复位单元，第二活塞（6）和第二活塞腔的背向燃烧室（7）的一端之间设有第二复位单元，第二活塞（6）和第二活塞腔的周壁之间设有能够形成对第二活塞（6）进行增速和降速的驱动力。

Description

一种自由活塞直线发电机系统及其控制方法
本申请要求于2023年02月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310126846.9、发明名称为“一种自由活塞直线发电机系统及其控制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其内容应理解为通过引用的方式并入本申请中。
技术领域
本文涉及但不限于车辆技术，尤指一种自由活塞直线发电机系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
自由活塞直线发电机是一种适用于电动汽车的新型增程装置，与相关的发动机加发电机的结构相比，它的发动机和发电机天然集成一体。由于自由活塞直线发电机取消了相关发动机所使用的曲轴连杆机构，活塞运动自由不受机械结构约束，因此该发动机具有结构简单紧凑，能量转化过程少等优点。除此之外，自由活塞直线发电机的燃料普适性强，可使用不同种类的燃料。
自由活塞直线发电机的开发难点之一是合理的组织换气过程。自由活塞直线发电机合理的组织换气过程，可以提高充气效率，减少扫出去的混合气，提高发动机效率，减少排放。自由活塞直线发电机如何合理的组织换气过程，是本领域技术人员一直致力于解决的技术难题。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本公开实施例提供的自由活塞直线发电机系统，包括：缸体，具有第一活塞腔、进气口、燃烧室、排气口和第二活塞腔，所述燃烧室位于第一活塞腔和所述第二活塞腔之间，所述进气口位于所述第一活塞腔和所述燃烧室之间，所述排气口位于所述第二活塞腔和所述燃烧室之间；包括第一活塞和第二活塞的活塞组，所述第一活塞可移动地设于所述第一活塞腔、并设置成能够打开和关闭所述进气口，所述第二活塞可移动地设于所述第二活塞腔、并设置成能够打开和关闭所述排气口；其中，所述第一活塞和所述第一活塞腔的背向所述燃烧室的一端之间设有第一复位单元，所述第二活塞和所述第二活塞腔的背向所述燃烧室的一端之间设有第二复位单元，所述第二活塞和所述第二活塞腔的周壁之间设有功能机构，所述功能机构设置成能够形成对所述第二活塞进行增速和降速的驱动力。
本发明实施例提出的控制方法，包括：当所述第二活塞的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，控制所述功能机构对所述第二活塞进行增速，使所述第二活塞提前关闭所述排气口。
本公开实施例提出的控制方法，包括：当所述第二活塞的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，控制所述功能机构对所述第二活塞进行减速，使所述第二活塞延后关闭所述排气口。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的其他优点可通过在说明书以及附图中所描述的方案来实现和获得。
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
附图概述
图1为一些实施例提出的自由活塞直线发电机系统的剖视结构示意图；
图2为第二活塞的工作频率低于设计频率时，自由活塞直线发电机系统的位移时间曲线图；
图3为第二活塞的工作频率高于设计频率时，自由活塞直线发电机系统的位移时间曲线图。
其中，图1中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1-进气口，2-排气口，3-缸体，4-火花塞，5-第一活塞，6-第二活塞，7-燃烧室，8-第
一铁芯，9-第二铁芯，10-第二线圈，11-第一线圈，12-空气弹簧。
详述
本申请描述了多个实施例，但是该描述是示例性的，而不是限制性的，并为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将结合附图对本公开的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
本申请提供了一种自由活塞直线发电机系统，其组织换气过程可以实现调整至更合理。
本申请还提供了一种自由活塞直线发电机系统的控制方法。
本公开实施例提供的自由活塞直线发电机系统，如图1所示，包括：缸体3，缸体3具有第一活塞腔、进气口1、燃烧室7、排气口2和第二活塞腔，燃烧室7位于第一活塞腔和第二活塞腔之间，进气口1位于第一活塞腔和燃烧室7之间，排气口2位于第二活塞腔和燃烧室7之间；包括第一活塞5和第二活塞6的活塞组，第一活塞5可轴向移动地设于第一活塞腔、并设置成能够打开和关闭进气口1，第二活塞6可轴向移动地设于第二活塞腔、并设置成能够打开和关闭排气口2；其中，第一活塞5和第一活塞腔的背向燃烧室7的一端之间设有第一复位单元，第二活塞6和第二活塞腔的背向燃烧室7的一端之间设有第二复位单元，第二活塞6和第二活塞腔的周壁之间设有功能机构，功能机构设置成能够形成对第二活塞6进行增速和降速的驱动力，功能机构还可以设置成能够将第二活塞6的机械能转换成电能进行发电，燃烧室7设有火花塞4和喷油嘴等结构。轴向为缸体3的轴向。
当第二活塞6的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中，控制功能机构对第二活塞6进行增速，使第二活塞6提前关闭排气口；当第二活塞6的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中，控制功能机构对第二活塞6进行减速，使第二活塞6延后关闭排气口。
第二活塞6位于右侧的内止点(位于燃烧室的右端处)、并关闭排气口2，第一活塞5位于左侧的内止点(位于燃烧室的左端处)、并关闭进气口1。如图2中的实线所示，燃烧室7内通过火花塞4进行点火燃烧，高温高压气体推动第一活塞5向左，第二活塞6向右膨胀做功，排气口2在时刻a打开，进气口1在时刻b打开(b滞后于a)，然后处于进气口1和排气口2同时开启状态，直至第一活塞5向左运动至左侧的外止点，第二活塞6向右运动至右侧的外止点，此过程功能机构将第二活塞6的机械能转换成电能进行发 电(背向运动过程)。而后，第一活塞5在第一复位单元的作用下向右朝向燃烧室7运动，第二活塞6在第二复位单元的作用下向左朝向燃烧室7运动，第一活塞5运行到时刻c时，第一活塞5关闭进气口1，第二活塞6运行到时刻d时，第二活塞6关闭排气口2(d滞后于c)，最终第一活塞5运动至左侧的内止点，第二活塞6运动至右侧的内止点(相向运动过程)。
在设计频率下，自由活塞直线发电机的组织换气过程合理，具备充气效率高，扫出去的混合气少，发动机效率高，排放少等的优点。
在实际使用过程中，当第二活塞6的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在第一活塞和第二活塞相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中会造成混合气扫出过多，此时设置成在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中控制功能机构对第二活塞6进行增速(即驱动力的方向朝向燃烧室7，与第二活塞6的运动方向相同)，使第二活塞6提前关闭排气口2(在图2中e时间关闭，此过程第二活塞6的位移时间曲线改变为图2中的虚线)，以此来缩短排气过程，减少燃烧室7内新鲜空气的逃逸，可以实现对扫气过程进行精确控制。
在实际使用过程中，当第二活塞6的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在第一活塞和第二活塞相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中会造成废气排出不畅，此时设置成控制功能机构对第二活塞6进行减速(即驱动力的方向背向燃烧室7，与第二活塞6的运动方向相反)，使第二活塞6延后关闭排气口2(在图3中f时间关闭，此过程第二活塞6的位移时间曲线改变为图3中的虚线)，以此来延长排气过程，有利于扫出废气，可以实现对扫气过程进行精确控制。
在一些示例中，如图1所示，第一活塞5和第一活塞腔的周壁之间设有能量转换机构，能量转换机构设置成能够将第一活塞5的机械能转换成电能，功能机构设置成能够将第二活塞6的机械能转换成电能，功能机构和能量转换机构共同进行发电，这样发电效率更高。
在一些示例中，如图1所示，功能机构和能量转换机构中的至少之一包括电磁铁机构。
在一些示例中，如图1所示，能量转换机构包括：第一线圈11，第一线圈11设于第一活塞腔的周壁；和第一铁芯8，第一铁芯8设于第一活塞腔内、并与第一活塞5相连接，第一复位单元位于第一铁芯8和第一活塞腔的背向燃烧室7的一端之间。为了确保功能机构的使用寿命，第一复位单元包括空气弹簧12。
在一些示例中，如图1所示，功能机构包括：第二线圈10，第二线圈10设于第二活塞腔的周壁；和第二铁芯9，第二铁芯9设于第二活塞腔内、并与第二活塞6相连接，第二复位单元位于第二铁芯9和第二活塞腔的背向燃烧室7的一端之间。为了确保第二复位单元的使用寿命，第二复位单元也包括空气弹簧12。
在一些示例中，进气口1与燃烧室7的中心之间的轴向距离大于排气口2与燃烧室7的中心之间的轴向距离，在背向运动过程实现进气口1滞后于排气口2打开，在相向运动过程实现排气口2滞后于进气口1关闭。
第二活塞6位于右侧的内止点、并关闭排气口2，第一活塞5位于左侧的内止点、并关闭进气口1。燃烧室7内通过火花塞4进行点火燃烧，高温高压气体推动第一活塞5向左，第二活塞6向右膨胀做功，排气口2先于进气口1打开，然后进气口1和排气口2处于同时开启状态，直至第一活塞5向左运动至左侧的外止点，第二活塞6向右运动至右侧的外止点，此过程功能机构和能量转换机构将机械能转换成电能进行发电(背向运动过程)。而后，第一活塞5在第一复位单元的作用下向右朝向燃烧室7运动，第二活塞6在第二复位单元的作用下向左朝向燃烧室7运动，进气口1先于排气口2关闭，最终第一 活塞5运动至左侧的内止点，第二活塞6运动至右侧的内止点(相向运动过程)。
该自由活塞直线发电机系统，可以采用常规三元催化器，实现废气当量燃烧。
本公开实施例提出的控制方法(图中未示出)，包括：当第二活塞6的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中，控制功能机构对第二活塞6进行增速，使第二活塞6提前关闭排气口2，以此来缩短排气过程，减少燃烧室7内新鲜空气的逃逸，实现对扫气过程进行精确控制。
在一些示例中，如图2所示，在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中，排气口2滞后于进气口1进行关闭，这样可以更好地实现对扫气过程进行精确控制。
在一些示例中，如图2所示，在第一活塞5和第二活塞6背向运动的过程中，排气口2先于进气口1打开。
本公开实施例提出的控制方法(图中未示出)，包括：当第二活塞6的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中，控制功能机构对第二活塞6进行减速，使第二活塞6延后关闭排气口2，以此来延长排气过程，有利于扫出废气，实现对扫气过程进行精确控制。
在一些示例中，如图3所示，在第一活塞5和第二活塞6相向运动关闭排气口2的过程中，排气口2滞后于进气口1进行关闭，这样可以更好地实现对扫气过程进行精确控制。
在一些示例中，如图3所示，在第一活塞5和第二活塞6背向运动的过程中，排气口2先于进气口1打开。
综上所述，本申请提供的技术方案自由活塞直线发电机系统，其结构简单紧凑。当第二活塞的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在第一活塞和第二活塞相向运动关闭排气口的过程中会造成混合气扫出过多，此时设置成控制功能机构对第二活塞进行增速，使第二活塞提前关闭排气口，缩短排气过程，减少燃烧室内新鲜空气的逃逸；当第二活塞的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在第一活塞和第二活塞相向运动关闭排气口的过程中会造成废气排出不畅，此时设置成控制功能机构对第二活塞进行减速，使第二活塞延后关闭排气口，延长排气过程，有利于扫出废气。
在本公开中的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“一侧”、“另一侧”、“一端”、“另一端”、“边”、“相对”、“四角”、“周边”、““口”字结构”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的结构具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“直接连接”、“间接连接”、“固定连接”、“安装”、“装配”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；术语“安装”、“连接”、“固定连接”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
应该注意，上述实施例或实施方式仅仅是示例性的，而不是限制性的。因此，本公开不限于在此具体示出和描述的内容。可以对实施的形式及细节进行多种修改、替换或省略，而不脱离本公开的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种自由活塞直线发电机系统，包括：
    缸体，具有第一活塞腔、进气口、燃烧室、排气口和第二活塞腔，所述燃烧室位于第一活塞腔和所述第二活塞腔之间，所述进气口位于所述第一活塞腔和所述燃烧室之间，所述排气口位于所述第二活塞腔和所述燃烧室之间；
    包括第一活塞和第二活塞的活塞组，所述第一活塞可移动地设于所述第一活塞腔、并设置成能够打开和关闭所述进气口，所述第二活塞可移动地设于所述第二活塞腔、并设置成能够打开和关闭所述排气口；所述第一活塞和所述第一活塞腔的背向所述燃烧室的一端之间设有第一复位单元，所述第二活塞和所述第二活塞腔的背向所述燃烧室的一端之间设有第二复位单元，所述第二活塞和所述第二活塞腔的周壁之间设有功能机构，所述功能机构设置成能够形成对所述第二活塞进行增速和降速的驱动力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，
    当所述第二活塞的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，控制所述功能机构对所述第二活塞进行增速，使所述第二活塞提前关闭所述排气口；
    当所述第二活塞的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，控制所述功能机构对所述第二活塞进行减速，使所述第二活塞延后关闭所述排气口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述第一活塞和所述第一活塞腔的周壁之间设有能量转换机构，所述能量转换机构设置成能够将机械能转换成电能。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述能量转换机构包括电磁铁机构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述功能机构还设置成将机械能转换成电能。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述功能机构包括电磁铁机构。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述功能机构包括：
    第二线圈，设于所述第二活塞腔的周壁；和
    第二铁芯，设于所述第二活塞腔内、并与所述第二活塞相连接，第二复位单元位于所述第二铁芯和所述第二活塞腔的背向所述燃烧室的一端之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述第一复位单元和所述第二复位单元中的至少之一包括空气弹簧。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统，其中，所述进气口与所述燃烧室的中心之间的轴向距离大于所述排气口与所述燃烧室的中心之间的轴向距离。
  10. 一种如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统的控制方法，包括：
    当所述第二活塞的工作频率低于设计频率时，则在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，控制所述功能机构对所述第二活塞进行增速，使所述第二活塞提前关闭所述排气口。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的控制方法，其中，在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，所述排气口滞后于所述进气口进行关闭。
  12. 一种如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的自由活塞直线发电机系统的控制方法，包括：
    当所述第二活塞的工作频率高于设计频率时，则在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，控制所述功能机构对所述第二活塞进行减速，使所述第二活塞延后关闭所述排气口。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的控制方法，其中，在所述第一活塞和所述第二活塞相向运动关闭所述排气口的过程中，所述排气口滞后于所述进气口进行关闭。
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