WO2024183073A1 - 电化学装置及电子装置 - Google Patents

电化学装置及电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024183073A1
WO2024183073A1 PCT/CN2023/080579 CN2023080579W WO2024183073A1 WO 2024183073 A1 WO2024183073 A1 WO 2024183073A1 CN 2023080579 W CN2023080579 W CN 2023080579W WO 2024183073 A1 WO2024183073 A1 WO 2024183073A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
region
electrochemical device
wall
connection area
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/080579
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李勇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority to CN202380013513.3A priority Critical patent/CN117941164A/zh
Priority to EP23925790.0A priority patent/EP4679619A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/080579 priority patent/WO2024183073A1/zh
Publication of WO2024183073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024183073A1/zh
Priority to US19/323,882 priority patent/US20260011751A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
    • H01M4/765—Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an electrochemical device and an electronic device having the electrochemical device.
  • Electrochemical devices such as secondary batteries
  • electronic products such as electronic mobile devices, power tools and electric vehicles, and people have increasingly higher requirements for the reliability and safety of electrochemical devices.
  • An electrochemical device generally includes a housing and an electrode assembly disposed in the housing.
  • the electrode assembly includes a current collector and a tab connected to the current collector. During use, the electrode assembly may shake in the housing, resulting in the possibility of a contact short circuit between the tab and the housing, which reduces the reliability and service life of the electrochemical device.
  • the present application provides an electrochemical device with higher reliability and service life.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device having the above electrochemical device.
  • the present application provides an electrochemical device, comprising a housing and an electrode assembly disposed in the housing.
  • the electrode assembly is a winding structure and comprises a first pole sheet.
  • the first pole sheet comprises a first current collector and a first pole ear.
  • the direction of the winding center axis is defined as a first direction
  • the first current collector comprises a first side and a second side arranged oppositely in the first direction
  • the first pole ear is formed by extending from the first side.
  • the first pole ear comprises a first connection area connected to the first side and a second connection area connected to the first connection area, and the second connection area is bent compared to the first connection area.
  • the electrode assembly comprises a first end face and a second end face arranged oppositely in the first direction, and the second connection area forms the first end face.
  • the electrochemical device also comprises an insulating sleeve.
  • the insulating sleeve comprises a first region and a second region connected in an integral manner. The first region covers the first connection area, and the second region is disposed on the second connection area and has a first opening. Part of the second connection area is exposed at the first opening.
  • the electrode assembly comprises a first part and a second part connected in the first direction. When viewed from a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first part overlaps with the insulating sleeve, and the second part is separated from the insulating sleeve. In the second direction, the width of the first part is less than the width of the second part.
  • the first area of the insulating sleeve can isolate at least part of the first connection area presenting opposite electrical polarity from the shell, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the part of the first connection area and the shell.
  • the second area of the insulating sleeve can fill the space between the second connection area and the first wall of the shell, reducing the possibility of damage caused by the shaking of the electrode assembly in the first direction in the shell when the electrochemical device is mechanically abused. Therefore, the present application improves the reliability and service life of the electrochemical device.
  • the present application is conducive to simplifying the process.
  • the width of the insulating sleeve is smaller than the width of the second portion, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating sleeve on the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the first region includes a first end connected to the second region and a second end disposed opposite to the first end.
  • the first region extends from the first end along a first direction.
  • the insulating sleeve further includes a third region.
  • the third region is connected between the first end and the second region.
  • the third region extends from the first end in a direction away from the first end. The provision of the third region can reduce the possibility of forming a tip at the connection between the first region and the second region, thereby reducing the impact of the tip on the housing during mechanical abuse, thereby improving the impact resistance of the electrochemical device.
  • the first region includes a first end connected to the second region and a second end disposed opposite to the first end.
  • the first region extends from the first end away from the first direction.
  • the second end is further away from the coil than the first end.
  • the distance between the inclined first area and the portion of the first connection area located in the insulating sleeve is increased, so that when the electrochemical device is mechanically abused, it is helpful to reduce the possibility that the portion of the first connection area contacts the first area during shaking and thus causes breakage, thereby improving the impact resistance.
  • the diameter of the first area at the second end is larger, which facilitates the insulating sleeve to be placed on the first pole ear.
  • the second region includes a third end connected to the first region and a fourth end disposed opposite to the third end.
  • the fourth end is surrounded to form a first opening.
  • the second region extends from the third end along the second direction. Therefore, the space occupied by the second region at the head of the electrode assembly can be reduced, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating sleeve on the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the second region includes a third end connected to the first region and a fourth end disposed opposite to the third end.
  • the fourth end is surrounded to form a first opening.
  • the second region extends from the third end in a second direction away from the second end.
  • the fourth end is further away from the second connection region than the third end. Therefore, the second region can not only fill the space between the second connection region and the housing, but also play a better buffering role when the electrochemical device is mechanically abused, reducing the possibility of damage to the electrode assembly when it shakes in the housing.
  • the insulating sleeve further includes a fourth region, which is formed by the edge of the first opening extending away from the first region.
  • the fourth region can also fill the space between the second connection area and the shell, reducing the possibility of damage to the electrode assembly when it shakes in the shell.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a second electrode sheet and a separator, and the first electrode sheet, the separator, and the second electrode sheet are sequentially stacked and wound to form the electrode assembly.
  • the separator is used to prevent the first electrode sheet from directly contacting the second electrode sheet, thereby reducing the possibility of a contact short circuit between the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet.
  • the isolation film is located at least partially on the outermost layer of the electrode assembly.
  • the isolation film can form a protective layer to reduce the risk of short circuits caused by wear of the pole piece inside the isolation film, thereby increasing the ability of the electrode assembly to resist mechanical impact.
  • the isolation film located at the outermost layer includes a first inclined area that overlaps with both the first connection area and the first region in the second direction.
  • the first inclined area is arranged obliquely compared to the first direction.
  • the first region includes a first end connected to the second region and a second end arranged opposite to the first end. When viewed from the first direction, the second end overlaps with the first inclined area.
  • the first inclined area can further isolate at least part of the first connection area with opposite electrical polarity from the shell, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the first connection area and the shell.
  • the first inclined area can reduce the possibility of at least part of the first connection area directly contacting the first area and causing fracture, thereby improving the impact resistance.
  • the isolation film located at the outermost layer further includes a third connection area connected to the first inclined area and a second inclined area connected to the third connection area.
  • the third connection area and the second inclined area overlap with the first area respectively.
  • the second inclined area is inclined relative to the first direction. The second inclined area can reduce the possibility of the first current collector directly contacting the insulating sleeve and thus being damaged during mechanical abuse.
  • the second end contacts the first inclined region. Therefore, the first region can limit the first inclined region, reducing the possibility that the first inclined region opens in a direction away from the winding center axis and folds over during mechanical abuse.
  • the second pole piece includes a second current collector and a second pole ear.
  • the second current collector includes a third side and a fourth side that are arranged opposite to each other in a first direction, and the second pole ear is formed by extending from the fourth side.
  • the second pole ear includes a third connection area connected to the fourth side and a fourth connection area connected to the third connection area.
  • the fourth connection area is bent compared to the third connection area, and the fourth connection area is located on the second end surface. At this time, when the fourth connection area is electrically connected to other components (such as a housing), it is beneficial to increase the contact area between the fourth connection area and other components, thereby improving the reliability of the electrical connection.
  • the housing includes a first wall disposed toward the first end surface, a second wall disposed opposite to the first wall, and a third wall connected to both the first wall and the second wall.
  • the first wall is electrically isolated from the second wall.
  • the second connection area is electrically connected to the first wall, and the fourth connection area is electrically connected to the second wall. Therefore, the first wall and the second wall can present opposite electrical polarities, so that the electrochemical device can supply power to external components.
  • the electrochemical device further includes a first current collector disposed between the second connection region and the second region in the first direction.
  • the second connection region is electrically connected to the first wall through the first current collector.
  • the first current collector has the function of collecting current.
  • the first current collector is provided with a second opening.
  • the second opening overlaps with the first opening.
  • the provision of the second opening is conducive to reducing the weight of the first current collector.
  • the electrolyte can flow into the electrode assembly through the first opening and the second opening successively and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly, thereby reducing the influence of the provision of the first current collector on the electrolyte infiltration efficiency.
  • the fourth connection region is electrically connected to the second wall via a second current collecting member.
  • the second current collecting member has a function of collecting current.
  • the housing includes a first wall disposed toward the first end surface, a second wall disposed opposite to the first wall, a third wall connected to both the first wall and the second wall, and a pole disposed on the first wall.
  • the pole is electrically isolated from the first wall.
  • the second connection area is electrically connected to the pole, and the fourth connection area is electrically connected to the second wall. Therefore, the first wall and the pole can present opposite electrical polarities, so that the electrochemical device can supply power to external components.
  • the first pole piece further includes a first active material layer and a second active material layer, and the first active material layer, the first current collector and the second active material layer are stacked in sequence.
  • the insulating sleeve is separated from the first active material layer and the second active material layer, respectively. In this way, the possibility of the electrochemical device increasing in size in the second direction due to the provision of the insulating sleeve can be reduced, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating sleeve on the energy density of the electrochemical device.
  • the insulating sleeve when viewed from the first direction, is a continuous annular structure, so that the insulating sleeve has good insulation performance.
  • the material of the insulating sleeve includes at least one of rubber, silicone or plastic, so that the insulating sleeve has good insulation performance.
  • the thickness of the insulating sleeve in the first direction is 0.03 mm to 2 mm.
  • the second aspect of the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes the electrochemical device as described above.
  • the electronic device is powered by the electrochemical device. Since the electrochemical device is provided with an insulating sleeve, the insulating sleeve can reduce the possibility of contact short circuit between the first pole ear and the shell, and can also reduce the shaking of the electrode assembly in the shell when the electrochemical device is mechanically abused, thereby maintaining high reliability and service life.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochemical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 along line III-III.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 along line IV-IV.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 when viewed from a first direction.
  • FIG. 6 is an expanded view of the first electrode sheet of the electrode assembly of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 7 is an expanded view of the second electrode sheet of the electrode assembly of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating cover of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 when viewed from a second direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the insulating cover of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 when viewed from a first direction.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating sleeve in other embodiments when viewed from a first direction.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of some other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of some other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of some other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of some other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of some other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of some other embodiments of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a module architecture diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Spatial related terms such as “on” and the like can be used herein for convenient description, to describe the relationship between an element or feature and another element (multiple elements) or feature (multiple features) as illustrated in the figure. It should be understood that, in addition to the directions described in the figure, spatial related terms are intended to include different directions of equipment or devices in use or operation. For example, if the equipment in the figure is turned over, the elements described as “above” or “on” other elements or features will be oriented “below” or “below” other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term “on” may include the direction above and below. It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc.
  • parallel and “perpendicular” are used to describe the ideal state between two components. In actual production or use, two components may be approximately parallel or perpendicular to each other.
  • parallel can refer to the angle between two straight lines being within ⁇ 10°
  • parallel can also refer to the angle between two planes being approximately
  • the dihedral angle range is between ⁇ 10°
  • parallel can also refer to the angle range between a straight line and a plane is between ⁇ 10°.
  • Perpendicular can refer to the angle range between two straight lines is between 90 ⁇ 10°, and perpendicular can also refer to the dihedral angle range between two planes is between 90 ⁇ 10°, and perpendicular can also refer to the angle range between a straight line and a plane is between 90 ⁇ 10°.
  • the two components described as "parallel” and “perpendicular” may not be absolute straight lines or planes, but may be roughly straight lines or planes. From a macroscopic point of view, the components can be considered “straight lines” or "planes” if the overall extension direction is a straight line or plane.
  • the parameter values being greater than, less than, or not equal to the designed relationship need to exclude the reasonable errors of the measuring equipment.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device 100 , including a housing 10 , an electrode assembly 20 and an electrolyte such as an electrolyte (not shown).
  • the housing 10 includes a first wall 11 , a second wall 12 and a third wall 13 .
  • the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 are arranged opposite to each other in a first direction X.
  • the first wall 11 may be roughly circular, and the second wall 12 may also be roughly circular.
  • the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 may be arranged in parallel and both are perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the first end 131 of the third wall 13 is connected to the first wall 11
  • the second end 132 of the third wall 12 is connected to the second wall 12 , so that a roughly cylindrical accommodating chamber S is formed in the housing 10 .
  • the first wall 11 covers the accommodating chamber S.
  • the electrode assembly 20 and the electrolyte are accommodated in the accommodating chamber S.
  • the first wall 11 is electrically isolated from the second wall 12 .
  • the housing 10 may be made of steel as a whole.
  • the steel shell includes elements Fe and C
  • the steel shell 10 may also include one or more of the elements Ni, Co, Al, Mn, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mo, S, Si, Ti, V, Pb, Sb, N, and P.
  • the first wall 11 is made of steel
  • the second wall 12 and the second wall 13 are also made of steel.
  • the third wall 13 and the second wall 12 may be integrally formed, and the second wall 12 and the third wall 13 may be bonded and fixed by a first insulating layer 14, and the first insulating layer 14 electrically isolates the first wall 11 from the third wall 13, and the first wall 11 from the second wall 12.
  • the material of the first insulating layer 14 may be an insulating material resistant to electrolyte corrosion, such as polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyimide (PI), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), etc.
  • PS polystyrene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyester
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PI polyimide
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PA polyamide
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a first end face 201 and a second end face 202 arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X.
  • the first end face 201 is arranged toward the first wall 11, and the second end face 202 is arranged toward the second wall 12.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly 20 shown in FIG.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is a winding structure, and includes a first pole piece 21, a second pole piece 22, and a separator 23 arranged between the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22.
  • the separator 23 is used to prevent the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 from directly contacting each other, thereby reducing the possibility of contact short circuit between the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22.
  • the separator 23 is shown as a dotted line (composed of a plurality of short lines at intervals).
  • the electrode assembly 20 has a winding direction C and a winding center axis O arranged along the first direction X.
  • the separator 23 is located at least partially in the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the separator 23 is located in the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the separator 23 can form a protective layer to reduce the risk of short circuit caused by wear of the pole piece inside the separator 23, thereby increasing the ability of the electrode assembly 20 to withstand mechanical impact.
  • the winding direction C refers to the direction of moving from the inside to the outside around the winding center axis O along a certain point of the first pole piece 21, the separator 23 or the second pole piece 22 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the winding direction C is the direction of counterclockwise rotation around the winding center axis O as shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrochemical device 100 shown in Figure 2 when observed from the first direction X
  • Figure 3 is actually a cross-sectional view of the electrochemical device 100 shown in Figure 5 along III-III.
  • the outer contour of the electrode assembly 20 shown in FIG5 is the separator 23 located at the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20 shown in FIG4.
  • the first pole piece 21 or the second pole piece 22 may also be located at the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the electrochemical device 100 may be a cylindrical power battery. Along the cross section perpendicular to the first direction X, the cross-sectional shape of the electrode assembly 20 is substantially circular.
  • the first pole piece 21 includes a first active material layer 211, a first current collector 210, and a second active material layer 212 stacked in sequence.
  • the first current collector 210 includes a first surface 2101 disposed toward the winding center axis O and a second surface 2102 disposed away from the winding center axis O.
  • the first active material layer 211 is disposed on the first surface 2101, and the second active material layer 212 is disposed on the second surface 2102.
  • the first current collector 210 may include aluminum or nickel.
  • the first current collector 210 when the first pole piece 21 is a positive electrode, the first current collector 210 includes aluminum foil, which has a weak strength but good conductivity.
  • the first active material layer 211 and the second active material layer 212 both include active materials, such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium rich manganese-based material, or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
  • active materials such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium rich manganese-based material, or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide.
  • the second pole piece 22 includes a third active material layer 221, a second current collector 220, and a fourth active material layer 222 that are stacked.
  • the second current collector 220 includes a third surface 2201 disposed toward the winding center axis O and a fourth surface 2202 disposed away from the winding center axis O.
  • the third active material layer 221 is disposed on the third surface 2201, and the fourth active material layer 222 is disposed on the fourth surface 2202.
  • the second current collector 220 may include copper, nickel, or a carbon-based conductor. In some embodiments, when the second pole piece 22 is a negative electrode, the second current collector 220 includes copper.
  • the third active material layer 221 and the fourth active material layer 222 both include active materials, which may be selected from at least one of graphite materials, alloy materials, lithium metal, and alloys thereof.
  • Active materials may be selected from at least one of graphite materials, alloy materials, lithium metal, and alloys thereof.
  • Graphite materials may be selected from at least one of artificial graphite and natural graphite; alloy materials may be selected from at least one of silicon, silicon oxide, tin, and titanium sulfide.
  • the isolation film 23 includes at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide or aramid.
  • the first current collector 210 includes a first end 21a and a second end 21b that are oppositely disposed, and the second current collector 220 includes a third end 22a and a fourth end 22b that are oppositely disposed.
  • the first end 21a coincides with one end of the first active material layer 211; the second end 21b coincides with the other end of the first active material layer 211.
  • the third end 22a coincides with one end of the third active material layer 221; the second end 22b coincides with the other end of the third active material layer 221.
  • the isolation film 23 includes a fifth end 23a and a sixth end 23b that are oppositely disposed. Among them, the first end 21a, the third end 22a and the fifth end 23a are all arranged toward the first wall 11, and the second end 21b, the fourth end 22b and the sixth end 23b are all arranged toward the second wall 12.
  • the third end 22a extends beyond the first end 21a in the first direction X
  • the fourth end 22b extends beyond the second end 21b in the first direction X.
  • the third end 22a is closer to the first wall 11 than the first end 21a
  • the fourth end 22b is closer to the second wall 12 than the second end 21b.
  • the fifth end 23a extends beyond the third end 22a in the first direction X
  • the sixth end 23b extends beyond the fourth end 22b in the first direction X.
  • the fifth end 23 a is closer to the first wall 11 than the third end 22 a
  • the sixth end 23 b is closer to the second wall 12 than the fourth end 22 b .
  • Figure 6 is an unfolded view of the first pole piece 21, and the first current collector 210 includes a first side 210a and a second side 210b that are arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X. Please refer to Figures 3 and 6 together. After winding and observing from the second direction Y, the first side 210a coincides with the first end 21a, and the second side 210b coincides with the second end 21b. As shown in Figure 6, when the first pole piece 21 is unfolded, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established according to the mutually perpendicular first direction X, the third direction Y” and the fourth direction Z.
  • the third direction Y” is defined as the stacking direction of the first active material layer 211, the first current collector 210 and the second active material layer 212 after the first pole piece 21 is unfolded
  • the fourth direction Z is the extension direction of the first pole piece 21 before the electrode assembly 20 is wound.
  • the first side 210a and the second side 210b of the first current collector 210 can both extend along the fourth direction Z.
  • the first pole piece 21 also includes a first pole ear 24, and the first pole ear 24 is formed by extending the first side 210a (e.g., The first pole ear 24 is integrally formed with the first current collector 210).
  • the width of the first pole ear 24 may be equal to the width of the first current collector 210, which can prevent the current distribution of the first pole piece 21 from being too concentrated, reduce the internal resistance of the first pole piece 21, and thus improve the charge and discharge rate of the first pole piece 21.
  • the first pole ear 24 includes a first connection area 241 connected to the first edge 210a and a second connection area 242 connected to the first connection area 241.
  • the first connection area 241 includes a first connection end 2401 connected to the first current collector 210 (when viewed from the second direction Y, the first connection end 2401 coincides with the first end 21a, and the first connection end 2401 and the second pole piece 22 overlap), and the first connection area 241 may extend from the first connection end 2401 approximately along the first direction X.
  • the second connection area 242 is bent compared to the first connection area 241, and the second connection area 242 deviates from the first direction X and extends.
  • the second connection area 242 forms a first end face 201. 3 and 6 , it can be understood that when viewed from the second direction Y, the first pole tab 24 is wound to form a stacked multi-layer structure. Therefore, when viewed from the second direction Y, the first connection region 241 of the first pole tab 24 is also a stacked multi-layer structure.
  • the second current collector 220 includes a third side 220a and a fourth side 220b that are arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X.
  • the third side 220a overlaps with the third end 22a
  • the fourth side 220b overlaps with the fourth end 22b.
  • the first side 210a and the third side 220a are located on the same side of the electrode assembly 20, and the second side 210b and the fourth side 220b are located on the other side of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the second pole piece 22 also includes a second pole ear 25, which is formed by extending from the fourth side 220b (e.g., the second pole ear 25 is integrally formed with the second current collector 220).
  • the width of the second pole ear 25 can be equal to the width of the second current collector 220, which can prevent the current distribution of the second pole piece 22 from being too concentrated, reduce the internal resistance of the second pole piece 22, and thus improve the charge and discharge rate of the second pole piece 22.
  • the second pole tab 25 includes a third connection area 251 connected to the fourth side 220b and a fourth connection area 252 connected to the third connection area 251.
  • the third connection area 251 includes a second connection end 2511 connected to the second current collector 220 (when viewed from the second direction Y, the second connection end 2511 overlaps with the third end 22a, and the second connection end 2511 is separated from the first pole piece 21), and the third connection area 251 can extend from the second connection end 2511 approximately along the first direction X.
  • the fourth connection area 252 is bent compared to the third connection area 251, and the fourth connection area 252 is located at the second end surface 202.
  • the second pole tab 25 when viewed from the second direction Y, the second pole tab 25 is wound to form a multi-layer second pole tab 25 stacked, so when viewed from the second direction Y, the third connection area 251 of the second pole tab 25 is also a multi-layer structure stacked.
  • active materials are coated on both surfaces of the first current collector 210 to form the first pole piece 21, and a first pole ear 24 is left at one end of the first current collector 210 along the first direction X, and the first pole ear 24 is separated from the first active material layer 211 and the second active material layer 212.
  • Active materials are coated on both surfaces of the second current collector 220 to form the second pole piece 22, and a second pole ear 25 is left at one end of the second current collector 220 along the first direction X, and the second pole ear 25 is separated from the third active material layer 221 and the fourth active material layer 222.
  • the isolation film 23 and the second pole piece 22 are stacked and wound in sequence, part of the first pole ear 24 is flattened by a flattening device (not shown) to form a first flat surface (the second connection area 242 forms a first flat surface). Similarly, part of the second pole ear 25 is flattened by a flattening device to form a second flat surface (the fourth connection area 252 forms a second flat surface).
  • a flattening device not shown
  • the second connection area 242 is electrically connected to the first wall 11, and the fourth connection area 252 is electrically connected to the second wall 12.
  • the first wall 11 and the second wall 12 present opposite electrical polarities, so that the electrochemical device 100 can supply power to an external element (not shown).
  • the first electrode 21 is a positive electrode and the second electrode 22 is a negative electrode
  • the first wall 11 is positive
  • the second wall 12 and the third wall 13 are negative.
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes an insulating sleeve 30.
  • the material of the insulating sleeve 30 includes at least one of rubber, silicone or plastic.
  • the material of the insulating sleeve 30 is an insulating material resistant to electrolyte corrosion, such as polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyimide (PI), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), etc.
  • PS polystyrene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyester
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PI polyimide
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PA polyamide
  • the insulating sleeve 30 is covered on the first pole ear 24.
  • the insulating cover 30 in the first direction X
  • the insulating cover 30 is separated from the first active material layer 211 and the second active material layer 212, respectively.
  • the insulating cover 30 does not overlap with the first active material layer 211, and the insulating cover 30 does not overlap with the second active material layer 212. In this way, the possibility of the size of the electrochemical device 100 increasing in the second direction Y' due to the provision of the insulating cover 30 can be reduced, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating cover 30 on the energy density of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the insulating cover 30 in the first direction X, is separated from the third active material layer 221 and the fourth active material layer 222, respectively.
  • the insulating cover 30 does not overlap with the third active material layer 221, and the insulating cover 30 does not overlap with the fourth active material layer 222. In this way, the influence of the insulating cover 30 on the energy density of the electrochemical device 100 can also be reduced.
  • the insulating sleeve 30 includes a first area 31 and a second area 32 connected in an integral manner, and the second area 32 is bent compared to the first area 31.
  • the first area 31 covers at least a portion of the first connection area 241, so the first area 31 can isolate at least a portion of the first connection area 241 presenting opposite electrical polarity from the third wall 13, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the first connection area 241 and the third wall 13.
  • the first area 31 includes a first end 311 connected to the second area 32 and a second end 312 arranged opposite to the first end 311.
  • the second end 312 overlaps with the first connection area 241, and the second end 312 can be located between the first connection end 2401 of the first connection area 241 and the second connection area 242 in the first direction X.
  • the second area 32 is arranged on the second connection area 242, and the second connection area 242 is closer to the second area 32 than the first connection area 241.
  • the second area 32 can fill the space between the second connection area 242 and the first wall 11.
  • the second connection area 242 may be located between the first end 311 and the second end 312 in the first direction X.
  • the second area 32 includes a third end 321 connected to the first area 31 and a fourth end 322 arranged opposite to the third end 321.
  • the insulating sleeve 30 When viewed from the first direction X, the third end 321 is separated from the second connection area 242, and the fourth end 322 overlaps with the second connection area 242.
  • the insulating sleeve 30 when viewed from the first direction X, is a continuous annular structure.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the insulating sleeve 30 is a continuous circular ring structure when viewed from the first direction X; and
  • FIG. 10 shows that the insulating sleeve 30 is a continuous rectangular ring structure when viewed from the first direction X.
  • the specific shape of the insulating sleeve 30 when viewed from the first direction X can be changed according to the shape of the kneading plane formed by the second connection area 242. Therefore, the first end 311 and the second end 312 are both edge-sealed annular when viewed from the first direction X, and the third end 321 and the fourth end 322 are also edge-sealed annular when viewed from the first direction X.
  • “continuous” means that there is no interruption area or interface in the insulating sleeve 30 along the circumferential direction of the insulating sleeve 30. Therefore, the insulating sleeve 30 of the present application is different from the insulating structure formed by encapsulating the head of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the first region 31 extends from the first end 311 along the first direction X.
  • the second region 32 extends from the third end 321 along the second direction Y′, so that the first region 31 is perpendicular to the second region 32 when viewed from the second direction Y. Since the second region 32 extends along the second direction Y′, the space at the head of the electrode assembly 20 occupied by the second region 32 can be reduced, thereby reducing the influence of the insulating sleeve 30 on the energy density of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the second area 32 has a first opening 320, and the fourth end 322 is surrounded to form the first opening 320.
  • part of the second connection area 242 is exposed at the first opening 320.
  • the second connection area 242 and the first wall 11 can be electrically connected through the first opening 320.
  • the electrolyte when the electrolyte is injected into the accommodating cavity S of the shell 10, the electrolyte can flow into and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 20 through the first opening 320, reducing the influence of the insulating sleeve 30 on the electrolyte infiltration efficiency.
  • the second connection area 242 can be electrically connected to the first wall 11 through the first opening 320.
  • the first wall 11 may be provided with a liquid injection port (not shown), and the liquid injection port is sealed with a sealing nail after the liquid injection is completed.
  • the thickness T of the insulating sleeve 30 in the first direction X is 0.03 mm to 2 mm. As shown in FIG8 , the thickness T is the height of the insulating sleeve 30 from the first end 311 to the second end 312 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes a first current collector 40 disposed between the second connection region 242 and the second region 32 in the first direction X, and the first current collector 40 is entirely made of a conductive material.
  • the first current collector 40 is made of a metal material, such as a metal selected from aluminum, copper, steel, nickel, or an alloy thereof.
  • the second connection area 242 is electrically connected to the first wall 11 through the first current collector 40.
  • the first current collector 40 has the function of collecting current.
  • the setting of the insulating sleeve 30 can also limit the first current collector 40, reducing the possibility of contact short circuit with the second wall 12 or the third wall 13 of the shell 10 when the first current collector 40 is separated from the second connection area 242.
  • a bendable section 42 is provided on the first current collector 40, and the bendable section 42 can be bent under the action of an external force, so that the bendable section 42 can extend from the first opening 320 and connect to the first wall 11.
  • the first current collector 40 is provided with a second opening 41. When viewed from the first direction X, the second opening 41 overlaps with the first opening 320. The setting of the second opening 41 is conducive to reducing the weight of the first current collector 40.
  • the electrolyte when the electrolyte is injected into the accommodating cavity S of the shell 10, the electrolyte can flow into the electrode assembly 20 through the first opening 320 and the second opening 41 successively and fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 20, thereby reducing the influence of the first current collector 40 on the electrolyte infiltration efficiency.
  • the first current collector 40 can be welded (such as resistance welding or laser welding) to the second connection area 242. Since the second connection area 242 is formed into a kneaded surface by a kneading process, this is conducive to increasing the contact area between the second connection area 242 and the first current collector 40, facilitating the welding of the second connection area 242 and the first current collector 40, and improving the reliability of the electrical connection.
  • the structure or position of the first current collector 40 can also be changed. As shown in Figure 11, in other embodiments, the bendable section 42 can be omitted.
  • the first current collector 40a is roughly in an inverted T-shape when observed from the second direction Y.
  • the first current collector 40a includes a first current collecting area 401 and a second current collecting area 402 connected in the first direction X.
  • the first current collecting area 401 is arranged between the second connection area 242 and the second area 32 in the first direction X, and the first current collecting area 401 is connected to the second connection area 242.
  • the second current collecting area 402 is arranged in the first opening 320 of the second area 32.
  • the second opening 41 can pass through the first current collecting area 401 and the second current collecting area 402 in the first direction X. In this way, the second connection area 242 can also be electrically connected to the first wall 11.
  • the first current collector 40b is at least partially disposed in the first opening 320, and the first current collector 40b directly electrically connects the second connection area 242 to the first wall 11.
  • FIG. 12 shows that in the first direction X, the thickness of the first current collector 40b is greater than the thickness of the second area 32. It can be understood that the thickness of the first current collector 40b can also be substantially equal to the thickness of the second area 32, and the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first current collector 40c may also be located between the first wall 11 and the second region 32.
  • the first current collector 40 is roughly T-shaped when viewed from the second direction Y.
  • the first current collector 40c includes a third current collecting area 403 and a fourth current collecting area 404 connected in the first direction X.
  • the third current collecting area 403 is at least partially disposed in the first opening 320 of the second region 32, and the third current collecting area 403 is connected to the second connection area 242.
  • the fourth current collecting area 404 is disposed between the first wall 11 and the second region 32 in the first direction X.
  • the second opening 41 may penetrate the third current collecting area 403 and the fourth current collecting area 404 in the first direction X.
  • the second connection area 242 may also be electrically connected to the first wall 11.
  • the first opening 320 and the second opening 41 may be circular respectively when viewed from the first direction X.
  • the shapes of the first opening 320 and the second opening 41 may be changed, such as oval, square, hexagonal, etc.
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes a second current collector 50 disposed between the fourth connection area 252 and the second wall 12 in the first direction X, and the second current collector 50 is made of a conductive material as a whole.
  • the second current collector 50 is made of a metal material, such as a metal selected from aluminum, copper, steel, nickel, or an alloy thereof.
  • the fourth connection area 252 is electrically connected to the second wall 12 through the second current collector 50.
  • the second current collector 50 has the function of collecting current. Among them, the second current collector 50 can be welded to the fourth connection area 252.
  • the fourth connection area 252 is formed into a kneaded surface by a flattening process, this is conducive to increasing the contact area between the fourth connection area 252 and the second current collector 50, facilitating the welding of the fourth connection area 252 and the second current collector 50, and improving the reliability of the electrical connection.
  • the fourth connection area 252 can also be directly welded to the second wall 12.
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a first portion 203 and a second portion 204 connected in a first direction X.
  • first portion 203 overlaps with the insulating sleeve 30.
  • the second portion 204 is separated from the insulating sleeve 30.
  • L 1 a virtual line passing through the second end 312 of the first region 31 and perpendicular to the first direction X is defined as L 1 , and the virtual line L 1 divides the electrode assembly 20 into a first portion 203 and a second portion 204.
  • the virtual line L 1 is defined to intersect the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20 at a first intersection point P 1 and a second intersection point P 2 , respectively, and the distance between the first intersection point P 1 and the second intersection point P 2 is the width W 1 of the first portion 203 in the second direction Y'.
  • the width W 2 of the second portion 204 in the second direction Y' is the maximum width of the electrode assembly 20.
  • the width W of the insulating sleeve 30 in the second direction Y should be the outer diameter of the insulating sleeve 30 at the second end 312. In the present application, in the second direction Y', the width W 1 of the first portion 203 is less than the width W 2 of the second portion 204.
  • the width W of the insulating sleeve 30 is smaller than the width W 2 of the second portion 204. Since the width W of the insulating sleeve 30 is smaller than the width of the electrode assembly 20, the effect of the insulating sleeve 30 on the energy density of the electrochemical device 100 can be reduced.
  • the width W of the insulating sleeve 30 may also be greater than the width W 2 of the second portion 204 .
  • the thickness of the first region 31 in the second direction Y′ may be increased, so that the width W of the insulating sleeve 30 is greater than the width W 2 of the second portion 204 .
  • the width of the first current collector 40 in the second direction Y′ may be appropriately increased, which is beneficial to increase the contact area between the second connection area 242 and the first current collector 40 , facilitate welding of the second connection area 242 and the first current collector 40 , and improve the reliability of the electrical connection.
  • the steps for measuring W 1 , W 2 , and W may be: (1) performing two-dimensional projection and scanning tests on the electrochemical device 100 from the second direction Y using X-rays, and the instrument may be an instrument or device known to those skilled in the art (e.g., GE Phoenix vtomex S device), thereby obtaining a CT image; (2) directly measuring the values of W 2 and W using a caliper or other suitable measuring tool; and then marking the positions of the first intersection point P 1 and the second intersection point P 2 , thereby directly measuring the value of W 1 .
  • the instrument may be an instrument or device known to those skilled in the art (e.g., GE Phoenix vtomex S device), thereby obtaining a CT image
  • directly measuring the values of W 2 and W using a caliper or other suitable measuring tool and then marking the positions of the first intersection point P 1 and the second intersection point P 2 , thereby directly measuring the value of W 1 .
  • the measurement steps of W 1 , W 2 , and W may also be: (1) discharging the electrochemical device 100 at 0.2C to 2.75V; (2) preparing a resin composition, which is prepared by mixing a crystal glue resin matrix (such as epoxy resin), a catalyst, and a curing agent in a certain proportion; (3) pouring the resin composition into a mold, and cutting the first wall 11 of the electrochemical device 100 and placing it in the mold at an angle to reduce the bubbles that may remain at the bottom of the electrochemical device 100, and then slowly pouring the resin composition so that the electrochemical device 100 is completely immersed in the resin composition, so that the resin composition slowly flows into the shell 10 through the cut of the shell 10; (4) leveling the electrochemical device 100, exhausting excess bubbles, and then standing until the resin composition solidifies; (5) cutting the electrochemical device 100 along a cross section parallel to the first direction X and grinding the cut surface to obtain a cross section of the electrochemical device 100; (6) directly measuring W 2 using a caliper or other suitable measuring tool , the
  • the present application sets an insulating sleeve 30 in the housing 10 and sets the insulating sleeve 30 on the first pole ear 24.
  • the first region 31 of the insulating sleeve 30 can isolate at least part of the first connection area 241 with opposite electrical polarity from the third wall 13, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the first connection area 241 and the third wall 13.
  • the second region 32 of the insulating sleeve 30 can fill the space between the second connection area 242 and the housing 10, reducing the damage caused by the shaking of the electrode assembly 20 in the housing 10 along the first direction X when the electrochemical device 100 is mechanically abused (such as falling, collision, vibration, etc.), and improving the impact resistance.
  • the present application improves the reliability and service life of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the first region 31 and the second region 32 of the insulating sleeve 30 are connected as a whole, compared with the technical solution in the prior art that requires the first connection area 241 to be encapsulated around and an insulating pad to be additionally provided between the second connection area 242 and the first wall 11, the present application is conducive to simplifying the process.
  • the insulating sleeve 30 of the present application has higher mechanical strength than other insulating structures formed by insulating tape or rubber encapsulation, and thus can further improve the impact resistance of the electrode assembly 20 during mechanical abuse and reduce the possibility of damage to the electrode assembly 20 due to shaking.
  • the first region 31 extends from the first end 311 away from the first direction X, so that the first region 31 is inclined relative to the first direction X.
  • the second end 312 is further away from the winding center axis O than the first end 311.
  • the width W of the insulating sleeve 30a is the outer diameter of the first region 31 at the second end 312.
  • the distance between the inclined first region 31 and the part of the first connection area 241 located in the insulating sleeve 30a is increased, so that when the electrochemical device 100 is mechanically abused, it is helpful to reduce the possibility of the part of the first connection area 242 contacting the first region 31 during the shaking process and causing the fracture, thereby improving the impact resistance.
  • the outer diameter W of the first region 31 at the second end 312 is larger, which facilitates the insulating sleeve 30a to be sleeved on the first pole ear 24.
  • the first region 31 extends from the first end 311 along the first direction X or deviates from the first direction X.
  • the second region 32 extends from the third end 321 deviating from the second direction Y’, so that the second region 32 is tilted relative to the second direction Y’.
  • the fourth end 322 is farther away from the second end 312 than the third end 321.
  • the tilted second region 32 can not only fill the space between the second connection area 242 and the first wall 11, but also play a better buffering role when the electrochemical device 100 is mechanically abused, reducing the possibility of damage to the electrode assembly 20 when it shakes in the housing 10.
  • the insulating sleeve 30c may further include a fourth region 33.
  • the fourth region 33 is connected to the fourth end 322 of the second region 22, and the fourth region 33 is formed by the edge of the first opening 320 extending away from the first region 31.
  • the fourth region 33 extends along the first direction X.
  • the fourth region 33 can also fill the space between the second connection area 242 and the first wall 11, reducing the possibility of damage to the electrode assembly 20 when it shakes in the housing 10.
  • the separator 23 located at the outermost layer includes a first inclined region 2300 that overlaps both the first connection region 241 and the first region 31 in the second direction Y.
  • the first inclined region 2300 is arranged to be inclined relative to the first direction X.
  • the first intersection point P1 and the second intersection point P2 are actually the intersection points of the virtual line L1 and the first inclined region 2300.
  • the first inclined region 2300 can further isolate at least part of the first connection region 241 with opposite electrical polarity from the third wall 13, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the first connection region 241 and the third wall 13.
  • the first inclined region 2300 can reduce the possibility of at least part of the first connection region 241 directly contacting the first region 31 and causing fracture, thereby improving the impact resistance.
  • the first inclined region 2300 includes a fifth end 23a and a seventh end 23c arranged opposite to the fifth end 23a.
  • the fifth end 23a is closer to the winding center axis O than the seventh end 23c.
  • the isolation film 23 can extend from the sixth end 23b to the seventh end 23c along the first direction X. When viewed from the first direction X, the second end 312 of the first region 31 overlaps with the first inclined region 2300.
  • the second end 312 contacts the first inclined region 2300. Since the second end 312 contacts the first inclined region 2300, the first region 31 can limit the first inclined region 2300, thereby reducing the possibility that the first inclined region 2300 opens in a direction away from the winding center axis O and folds when mechanically abused.
  • the first inclined region 2300 is inclined relative to the first direction X, which means that the overall extension direction of the first inclined region 2300 is inclined relative to the first direction X. Since the isolation film 23 itself is relatively soft, the position where the first inclined region 2300 contacts the second end 312 can form a step portion as shown in FIG3 . Part of the isolation film 23 near the fifth end 23a is inclined toward the winding center axis O during the flattening process of the first electrode tab 24, and the first region 31 limits the first inclined region 2300, thereby forming the first inclined region 2300.
  • FIG. 18 another embodiment of the present application also provides an electrochemical device 200.
  • the difference from the above-mentioned electrochemical device 100 is that the first wall 11 of the shell 10 is provided with a through hole 110, and the through hole 110 is connected to the accommodating chamber S.
  • the shell 10 may also include a pole 16 arranged in the through hole 110.
  • the pole 16 is electrically isolated from the first wall 11.
  • a second insulating layer 15 may be provided between the pole 16 and the first wall 11, and the second insulating layer 15 is used to electrically isolate the pole 16 from the first wall 11.
  • the third wall 13 and the second wall 12 can be integrally formed, and the first wall 11 and the third wall 13 can be fixed by welding or clamping.
  • the second connection area 242 is electrically connected to the pole 16 through the first current collector 40
  • the fourth connection area 252 is electrically connected to the second wall 12 through the second current collector 50. Therefore, the first wall 11 and the pole 16 present opposite electrical polarities, so that the electrochemical device 200 can supply power to external components (not shown).
  • the pole 16 is positive, and the first wall 11, the second wall 12 and the third wall 13 are negative.
  • the bendable section 42 of the first current collector 40 may be omitted.
  • the pole 16 includes a first pole plate 161, a second pole plate 162, and a pole body 160 connected to the first pole plate 161 and the second pole plate 162.
  • the pole body 160 is disposed in the through hole 110.
  • the first pole plate 161 and the second pole plate 162 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the first wall 11, and the second pole plate 162 is located in the accommodating cavity S.
  • the second pole plate 162 also extends into the first opening 320 and contacts the first current collector 40, thereby realizing electrical connection between the pole 16 and the first current collector 40.
  • the first region 31 of the insulating sleeve 30 can isolate at least part of the first connection area 241 presenting the opposite electrical polarity from the third wall 13, reducing the possibility of short circuit between at least part of the first connection area 241 and the third wall 13.
  • the second region 32 of the insulating sleeve 30 can not only fill the gap between the first pole ear 24 and the first wall 11 of the shell 10, reducing the shaking of the electrode assembly 20 in the shell 10 when the electrochemical device 200 is mechanically abused, but also the second region 32 can isolate the second connection area 242 presenting the opposite electrical polarity from the first wall 11, reducing the possibility of short circuit between the second connection area 242 and the first wall 11, further improving the reliability and service life of the electrochemical device 200.
  • the insulating sleeve 30 isolates the first pole ear 24 presenting the positive polarity from the shell 10, it can also reduce the possibility of corrosion of the steel shell by the electrolyte.
  • another embodiment of the present application further provides an electrochemical device 300.
  • the difference from the above electrochemical device 100 is that the fourth connection area 252 of the second pole tab 25 is electrically connected to the first wall 11, and the second connection area 242 of the first pole tab 24 is electrically connected to the second wall 12.
  • the first pole piece 21 is a positive pole piece and the second pole piece 22 is a negative pole piece
  • the first wall 11 is negative polarity
  • the second wall 12 and the third wall 13 are positive polarity.
  • another embodiment of the present application further provides an electrochemical device 400 .
  • the difference from the above-mentioned electrochemical device 300 is that after winding, the second pole piece 22 is located at least partially in the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the second pole piece 22 is located in the outermost layer of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the second connection area 252 of the second pole ear 25 of the second pole piece 22 located in the outermost layer forms a second inclined area 2520 , and the second inclined area 2520 is inclined relative to the first direction X.
  • the second end 312 contacts the second inclined area 2520 .
  • another embodiment of the present application further provides an electrochemical device 500.
  • the insulating sleeve 30d further includes a third region 34, and the third region 34 is connected between the first end 311 of the first region 31 and the third end 321 of the second region 32.
  • the third region 34 extends from the first end 311 away from the first direction X.
  • the provision of the third region 34 can reduce the possibility of forming a tip at the connection between the first region 31 and the second region 32, so that the impact of the tip on the housing 10 can be reduced during mechanical abuse, thereby improving the impact resistance of the electrochemical device 500.
  • the isolation film 23 located at the outermost layer also includes a third connection area 2301 connected to the first inclined area 2300 and a second inclined area 2302 connected to the third connection area 2301.
  • the third connection area 2301 is located between the first inclined area 2300 and the second inclined area 2302. When viewed from the second direction Y, the third connection area 2301 and the second inclined area 2302 overlap with the first area 31 respectively.
  • the third connection area 2301 can extend approximately along the first direction Y.
  • the second inclined area 2302 is arranged obliquely compared to the first direction X.
  • the isolation film 23 itself is relatively soft, if the isolation film 23 is larger in size in the first direction X before the flattening step, after the insulating sleeve 30d is sleeved on the first pole ear 24, the isolation film 23 will form a second inclined area 2302 at a position corresponding to the third area 34.
  • the inclination angle of the second inclined area 2302 can be approximately equal to the inclination angle of the third area 34.
  • the isolation membrane 23 itself is relatively soft, when the first current collector 40 shakes in the insulating sleeve 30d due to mechanical abuse, the second inclined area 2302 can play a certain buffering role, reducing the possibility of the first current collector 40 directly contacting the insulating sleeve 30d and then being damaged, thereby improving the impact resistance.
  • the electrochemical device 100 (or electrochemical devices 200, 300, 400, 500) of the present application includes all devices capable of electrochemical reactions.
  • the electrochemical device 100 includes all kinds of primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and capacitors (such as supercapacitors).
  • the electrochemical device 100 can be a lithium secondary battery, including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
  • One embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 1, including the electrochemical device 100 (or electrochemical devices 200 , 300 , 400 , 500 ) described above.
  • the electronic device 1 is powered by the electrochemical device 100 . Since the electrochemical device 100 is provided with an insulating sleeve 30 , the insulating sleeve 30 can reduce the possibility of contact short circuit between the first electrode tab 24 and the housing 10 , and can also reduce the shaking of the electrode assembly 20 in the housing 10 when the electrochemical device 100 is mechanically abused, thereby maintaining high reliability and service life.
  • the electronic device 1 of the present application can be, but is not limited to, a laptop computer, a pen-input computer, a mobile computer, an e-book player, a portable phone, a portable fax machine, a portable copier, a portable printer, a head-mounted stereo headset, a video recorder, an LCD TV, a portable cleaner, a portable CD player, a mini CD, a transceiver, an electronic notepad, a calculator, a memory card, a portable recorder, a radio, a backup power supply, a motor, a car, a motorcycle, a power-assisted bicycle, a bicycle, a lighting fixture, a toy, a game console, a clock, an electric tool, a flashlight, a camera, a large household battery and a lithium-ion capacitor, etc.

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Abstract

一种电化学装置，包括壳体、电极组件和绝缘套。电极组件为卷绕结构，其第一极片包括集流体及极耳。集流体包括在第一方向上相对的第一边和第二边。极耳包括连接第一边的第一连接区和连接第一连接区的第二连接区。电极组件包括在第一方向上相对的第一端面和第二端面，第二连接区形成第一端面。绝缘套包括连一体连接的第一区域和第二区域。第一区域包覆第一连接区，第二区域设于第二连接区上且具有第一开口。电极组件包括在第二方向上相连接的第一部分和第二部分，第一部分包含第一连接区，第二部分与绝缘套相离。第一部分的宽度小于第二部分的宽度。还提供一种电子装置。本申请可以提高电化学装置的可靠性和使用寿命。

Description

电化学装置及电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电化学装置和具有所述电化学装置的电子装置。
背景技术
电化学装置(如二次电池)在电子移动设备、电动工具及电动汽车等电子产品中有着广泛使用，人们对电化学装置的可靠性和安全性要求也越来越高。
电化学装置通常包括壳体和设于壳体内的电极组件。电极组件的极片包括集流体和连接集流体的极耳。在使用过程中，电极组件可能会在壳体内发生晃动，使得极耳与壳体之间存在接触短路的可能性，降低了电化学装置的可靠性和使用寿命。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请提供一种具有较高的可靠性和使用寿命的电化学装置。
另，本申请还提供一种具有上述电化学装置的电子装置。
本申请第一方面提供一种电化学装置，包括壳体和设于壳体内的电极组件。电极组件为卷绕结构且包括第一极片。第一极片包括第一集流体以及第一极耳。定义卷绕中心轴的方向为第一方向，第一集流体包括在第一方向上相对设置的第一边和第二边，第一极耳由第一边延伸形成。第一极耳包括连接第一边的第一连接区和连接第一连接区的第二连接区，第二连接区相较于第一连接区弯折。电极组件包括在第一方向上相对设置的第一端面和第二端面，第二连接区形成第一端面。电化学装置还包括绝缘套。绝缘套包括一体连接的第一区域和第二区域。第一区域包覆第一连接区，第二区域设于第二连接区上且具有第一开口。部分第二连接区露出于第一开口。电极组件包括在第一方向上相连接的第一部分和第二部分。从与第一方向垂直的第二方向观察，第一部分与绝缘套存在重叠，第二部分与绝缘套相离。在第二方向上，第一部分的宽度小于第二部分的宽度。
本申请中，绝缘套的第一区域可将呈现相反电极性的至少部分第一连接区与壳体隔绝开，减小该部分第一连接区与壳体接触短路的可能性。而且，绝缘套的第二区域可填充第二连接区和壳体的第一壁之间的空间，减小电化学装置发生机械滥用时电极组件在壳体内沿第一方向的晃动而造成损坏的可能性。因此，本申请改善了电化学装置的可靠性和使用寿命。另外，由于绝缘套的第一区域和第二区域一体连接，相较于现有技术中需要对第一连接区四周进行包胶处理且在第二连接区和壳体之间另外设置绝缘垫的技术方案，本申请有利于简化工艺。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘套的宽度小于第二部分的宽度，从而减小绝缘套对电化学装置能量密度的影响。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一区域包括连接第二区域的第一端和与第一端相对设置的第二端。第一区域自第一端沿着第一方向延伸。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘套还包括第三区域。第三区域连接于第一端和第二区域之间。第三区域自第一端偏离第一方向延伸。第三区域的设置可减小第一区域和第二区域的连接处形成尖端的可能性，因此在机械滥用时可减小上述尖端对壳体的冲击，提高电化学装置的抗冲击性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一区域包括连接第二区域的第一端和与第一端相对设置的第二端。第一区域自第一端偏离第一方向延伸。第二端相较于第一端更远离卷 绕中心轴。倾斜设置的第一区域与位于绝缘套内的部分第一连接区之间距离增大，从而在电化学装置发生机械滥用时，有利于减小该部分第一连接区在晃动过程中与第一区域接触进而导致断裂的可能性，提高了抗冲击能力。而且，相较于第一区域于第一端处的直径，第一区域于第二端处的直径更大，这便于将绝缘套套设于第一极耳上。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二区域包括连接第一区域的第三端和与第三端相对设置的第四端。第四端围设形成第一开口。第二区域自第三端沿着第二方向延伸。因此，可减小第二区域所占用的电极组件头部的空间，从而减小绝缘套对电化学装置能量密度的影响。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二区域包括连接第一区域的第三端和与第三端相对设置的第四端。第四端围设形成第一开口。第二区域自第三端偏离第二方向延伸。第四端相较于第三端更远离第二连接区。因此，第二区域不仅能够填充第二连接区和壳体之间的空间，而且还能够在电化学装置发生机械滥用时起到更好的缓冲作用，减小电极组件在壳体内晃动时造成损坏的可能性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘套还包括第四区域，第四区域由第一开口的边缘背离第一区域延伸形成。第四区域的设置同样能够填充第二连接区和壳体之间的空间，减小电极组件在壳体内晃动时造成损坏的可能性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电极组件还包括第二极片和隔离膜，第一极片、隔离膜和第二极片依次层叠卷绕形成电极组件。隔离膜用于防止第一极片和第二极片直接接触，从而降低第一极片和第二极片发生接触短路的可能性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，隔离膜位于电极组件的至少部分最外层。隔离膜能够形成保护层，减小该部分隔离膜内侧的极片由于磨损带来的短路风险，从而增加电极组件耐机械冲击的能力。
在一些可能的实现方式中，位于最外层的隔离膜包括在第二方向上与第一连接区和第一区域均存在重叠的第一倾斜区。第一倾斜区相较于第一方向倾斜设置。第一区域包括连接第二区域的第一端和与第一端相对设置的第二端。从第一方向观察，第二端与第一倾斜区存在重叠。第一倾斜区能够进一步将呈现相反电极性的至少部分第一连接区与壳体隔绝开，减小第一连接区与壳体接触短路的可能性。而且在电化学装置发生机械滥用时，第一倾斜区能够减小至少部分第一连接区直接与第一区域接触进而导致断裂的可能性，提高了抗冲击能力。
在一些可能的实现方式中，位于最外层的隔离膜还包括连接第一倾斜区的第三连接区和连接第三连接区的第二倾斜区。从第二方向观察，第三连接区和第二倾斜区分别与第一区域存在重叠。第二倾斜区相较于第一方向倾斜设置。第二倾斜区可以减小机械滥用时第一集流件直接与绝缘套接触进而发生损坏的可能性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二端与第一倾斜区接触。因此第一区域可对第一倾斜区起到限位的作用，减小第一倾斜区沿远离卷绕中心轴的方向张开且在机械滥用时翻折的可能性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二极片包括第二集流体以及第二极耳。第二集流体包括在第一方向上相对设置的第三边和第四边，第二极耳由第四边延伸形成。第二极耳包括连接第四边的第三连接区和连接第三连接区的第四连接区。第四连接区相较于第三连接区弯折，第四连接区位于第二端面。此时，当第四连接区与其它元件(如壳体)电连接时，有利于增加第四连接区与其它元件之间的接触面积，提高电连接的可靠性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，壳体包括朝向第一端面设置的第一壁、与第一壁相对设置的第二壁、以及与第一壁和第二壁均连接的第三壁。第一壁与第二壁电性隔绝。 第二连接区电连接第一壁，第四连接区电连接第二壁。因此第一壁和第二壁可呈现相反的电极性，使得电化学装置可以为外部元件供电。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电化学装置还包括在第一方向上设于第二连接区和第二区域之间的第一集流件。第二连接区通过第一集流件电连接于第一壁。第一集流件具有收集电流的作用。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一集流件设有第二开口。从第一方向观察，第二开口与第一开口存在重叠。第二开口的设置有利于减小第一集流件的重量。而且当向壳体注入电解液时，电解液可先后经由第一开口和第二开口流入并充分浸润电极组件，减小由于设置第一集流件对电解液浸润效率的影响。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第四连接区通过第二集流件电连接于第二壁。第二集流件具有收集电流的作用。
在一些可能的实现方式中，壳体包括朝向第一端面设置的第一壁、与第一壁相对设置的第二壁、与第一壁和第二壁均连接的第三壁、以及设于第一壁的极柱。极柱与第一壁电性隔绝。第二连接区电连接极柱，第四连接区电连接第二壁。因此第一壁和极柱可呈现相反的电极性，使得电化学装置可以为外部元件供电。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一极片还包括第一活性材料层和第二活性材料层，第一活性材料层、第一集流体和第二活性材料层依次层叠设置。在第一方向上，绝缘套分别与第一活性材料层和第二活性材料层相离。如此，可以降低由于设置绝缘套导致电化学装置在第二方向上尺寸增加的可能性，从而降低绝缘套对电化学装置能量密度的影响。
在一些可能的实现方式中，从第一方向观察，绝缘套为连续的环形结构，使得绝缘套具有良好的绝缘性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘套的材质包括橡胶、硅胶或塑料中的至少一种，使得绝缘套具有良好的绝缘性能。
在一些可能的实现方式中，绝缘套在第一方向上的厚度为0.03mm至2mm。
本申请第二方面还提供一种电子装置，其包括如上电化学装置。电子装置通过上述电化学装置供电。电化学装置由于设置绝缘套，绝缘套能够减小第一极耳和壳体之间发生接触短路的可能性，还能够减小电化学装置发生机械滥用时电极组件在壳体内的晃动，从而可以维持较高的可靠性和使用寿命。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本申请一实施方式的电化学装置的结构示意图。
图2为图1所示的电化学装置的分解图。
图3为图1所示的电化学装置沿III-III的剖视图。
图4为图2所示的电化学装置的电极组件沿IV-IV的剖视图。
图5为图2所示的电化学装置从第一方向观察时的示意图。
图6为图2所示的电化学装置的电极组件的第一极片的展开图。
图7为图2所示的电化学装置的电极组件的第二极片的展开图。
图8为图2所示的电化学装置的绝缘套从第二方向观察时的结构示意图。
图9为图2所示的电化学装置的绝缘套从第一方向观察时的结构示意图。
图10为另一些实施例中绝缘套从第一方向观察时的结构示意图。
图11为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图12为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图13为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图14为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图15为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图16为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图17为图1所示的电化学装置另一些实施例中的剖视图。
图18为本申请另一实施方式的电化学装置的剖视图。
图19为本申请另一实施方式的电化学装置的剖视图。
图20为本申请另一实施方式的电化学装置的剖视图。
图21为本申请另一实施方式的电化学装置的剖视图。
图22为本申请一实施方式的电子装置的模块架构图。
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
下文，将详细地描述本申请的实施方式。但是，本申请可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应解释为限于本文阐释的示例性实施方式。而是，提供这些示例性实施方式，从而使本申请透彻的和详细的向本领域技术人员传达。
另外，为了简洁和清楚，在附图中，各种组件、层的尺寸或厚度可被放大。遍及全文，相同的数值指相同的要素。如本文所使用，术语“及/或”、“以及/或者”包括一个或多个相关列举项目的任何和所有组合。另外，应当理解，当要素A被称为“连接”要素B时，要素A可直接连接至要素B，或可能存在中间要素C并且要素A和要素B可彼此间接连接。
进一步，当描述本申请的实施方式时使用“可”指“本申请的一个或多个实施方式”。
本文使用的专业术语是为了描述具体实施方式的目的并且不旨在限制本申请。如本文所使用，单数形式旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确指出。应进一步理解，术语“包括”，当在本说明书中使用时，指存在叙述的特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素和/或组分，但是不排除存在或增加一个或多个其他特征、数值、步骤、操作、要素、组分和/或其组合。
空间相关术语，比如“上”等可在本文用于方便描述，以描述如图中阐释的一个要素或特征与另一要素(多个要素)或特征(多个特征)的关系。应理解，除了图中描述的方向之外，空间相关术语旨在包括设备或装置在使用或操作中的不同方向。例如，如果将图中的设备翻转，则描述为在其他要素或特征“上方”或“上”的要素将定向在其他要素或特征的“下方”或“下面”。因此，示例性术语“上”可包括上面和下面的方向。应理解，尽管术语第一、第二、第三等可在本文用于描述各种要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分，但是这些要素、组分、区域、层和/或部分不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语用于区分一个要素、组分、区域、层或部分与另一要素、组分、区域、层或部分。因此，下面讨论的第一要素、组分、区域、层或部分可称为第二要素、组分、区域、层或部分，而不背离示例性实施方式的教导。
如本文中所使用，属于“平行”、“垂直”用于描述两个部件之间的理想状态。实际生产或使用的状态中，两个部件之间可以存在近似于平行或垂直的状态。举例来说，结合数值描述，平行可以指代两直线之间夹角范围在±10°之间，平行也可以指代两平面 的二面角范围在±10°之间，平行还可以指代直线与平面之间的夹角范围在±10°之间。垂直可以指代两直线之间夹角范围在90±10°之间，垂直也可以指代两平面的二面角范围在90±10°之间，垂直还可以指代直线与平面之间的夹角范围在90±10°之间。被描述“平行”、“垂直”的两个部件可以不是绝对的直线、平面，也可以大致呈直线或平面，从宏观来看整体延伸方向为直线或平面即可认为部件为“直线”或“平面”。
在本申请中，参数数值之间的大于、小于或不等于设计关系，需要排除测量设备的合理误差。
请参阅图1至图3，本申请一实施方式提供一种电化学装置100，包括壳体10、电极组件20和电解质如电解液(图未示)。壳体10包括第一壁11、第二壁12和第三壁13。第一壁11和第二壁12在第一方向X上相对设置。第一壁11可以大致呈圆形，第二壁12也可以大致呈圆形。第一壁11和第二壁12可以平行设置且均垂直于第一方向X。第三壁13的第一端131连接第一壁11，第三壁12的第二端132连接第二壁12，使得壳体10内形成大致呈圆柱形的容纳腔S。从第一方向X观察，第一壁11覆盖容纳腔S。电极组件20和电解液收容于容纳腔S内。在一些实施例中，第一壁11与第二壁12电性隔绝。壳体10可整体为钢材质。在一些实施例中，钢壳体包括元素Fe和C，钢壳体10还可以包括元素Ni、Co、Al、Mn、Cr、Cu、Mg、Mo、S、Si、Ti、V、Pb、Sb、N、P中的一种或几种。例如，第一壁11为钢材质，第二壁12和第二壁13也为钢材质。而且，第三壁13和第二壁12可一体成型，第二壁12和第三壁13之间可通过第一绝缘层14粘接固定，第一绝缘层14使得第一壁11和第三壁13之间电性隔绝，第一壁11和第二壁12之间也电性隔绝。其中，第一绝缘层14的材质可为耐电解液腐蚀的绝缘材料，如聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(PA)等。
如图2和图3所示(其中，图3为图1所示的电化学装置100沿III-III的剖视图，且III-III剖面平行于第一方向X)，电极组件20包括在第一方向X上相对设置的第一端面201和第二端面202。第一端面201朝向第一壁11设置，第二端面202朝向第二壁12设置。请一并参照图4(其中，图4为图2所示的电极组件20沿IV-IV的剖视图，且IV-IV剖面垂直于第一方向X)，电极组件20为卷绕结构，且包括第一极片21、第二极片22以及设于第一极片21和第二极片22之间的隔离膜23。隔离膜23用于防止第一极片21和第二极片22直接接触，从而降低第一极片21和第二极片22发生接触短路的可能性。为简化起见，隔离膜23以虚线(间隔的多个短线组成)示出。电极组件20具有卷绕方向C和沿第一方向X设置的卷绕中心轴O。在一些实施例中，卷绕后，隔离膜23位于电极组件20的至少部分最外层。如，隔离膜23位于电极组件20的最外层。隔离膜23能够形成保护层，减小该部分隔离膜23内侧的极片由于磨损带来的短路风险，从而增加电极组件20耐机械冲击的能力。其中，卷绕方向C指的是沿着如图4所示的第一极片21、隔离膜23或者第二极片22的某一点绕着卷绕中心轴O从内向外移动的方向。卷绕方向C可以有两种，即绕着卷绕中心轴O进行顺时针或逆时针转动的方向。在一些实施例中，卷绕方向C为图4所示绕着卷绕中心轴O进行逆时针转动的方向。其中，图5为图2所示的电化学装置100从第一方向X观察时的示意图，图3实际上也为图5所示的电化学装置100沿III-III的剖视图。图5示出的电极组件20的外轮廓为图4所示的位于电极组件20的最外层的隔离膜23。在另一些实施例中，第一极片21或第二极片22也可以位于电极组件20的最外层。在一些实施例中，电化学装置100可以为圆柱形动力电池。沿垂直于第一方向X的横截面，电极组件20的截面形状大致为圆形。
在一些实施例中，第一极片21包括依次堆叠的第一活性材料层211、第一集流体210和第二活性材料层212。第一集流体210包括朝向卷绕中心轴O设置的第一表面2101和背离卷绕中心轴O设置的第二表面2102。第一活性材料层211设置于第一表面2101，第二活性材料层212设置于第二表面2102。第一集流体210可包含铝或镍。在一些实施例中，第一极片21为正极时，第一集流体210包含铝箔，铝箔的强度较弱但具有较好的导电性能。第一活性材料层211和第二活性材料层212均包含活性材料，如包含钴酸锂、锰酸锂、镍酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸钒锂、磷酸钒氧锂、富锂锰基材料或镍钴铝酸锂中的至少一种。
第二极片22包括堆叠设置的第三活性材料层221、第二集流体220和第四活性材料层222。第二集流体220包括朝向卷绕中心轴O设置的第三表面2201和背离卷绕中心轴O设置的第四表面2202。第三活性材料层221设置于第三表面2201，第四活性材料层222设置于第四表面2202。第二集流体220可包含铜、镍或碳基导电物。在一些实施例中，第二极片22为负极时，第二集流体220包含铜。第三活性材料层221和第四活性材料层222均包含活性材料，其可选自石墨类材料、合金类材料、锂金属及其合金中的至少一种。石墨类材料可选自人造石墨、天然石墨中的至少一种；合金类材料可选自硅、氧化硅、锡、硫化钛中的至少一种。
隔离膜23包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺或芳纶中的至少一种。
请参阅图3，在第一方向X上，第一集流体210包括相对设置的第一端部21a和第二端部21b，第二集流体220包括相对设置的第三端部22a和第四端部22b，从垂直于第一方向X的第二方向Y观察(可以理解，在垂直于第一方向X的二维平面内的任一方向都可视为本申请的第二方向，然而为便于理解，在图3中以第二方向Y和第二方向Y’区分该二维平面内相互垂直的两个方向，因此第一方向X、第二方向Y和第二方向Y’可构成一个三维坐标系)，第一端部21a与第一活性材料层211的一端重合；第二端部21b与第一活性材料层211的另一端重合。从第二方向Y观察，第三端部22a与第三活性材料层221的一端重合；第二端部22b与第三活性材料层221的另一端重合。隔离膜23包括相对设置的第五端部23a和第六端部23b。其中，第一端部21a、第三端部22a和第五端部23a均朝向第一壁11设置，第二端部21b、第四端部22b和第六端部23b均朝向第二壁12设置。当第一极片21为正极极片且第二极片22为负极极片时，为了减小负极极片析锂的可能性，第三端部22a在第一方向X上延伸至超出第一端部21a，第四端部22b在第一方向X上延伸至超出第二端部21b。在第一方向X上，第三端部22a相较于第一端部21a更靠近第一壁11，第四端部22b相较于第二端部21b更靠近第二壁12。进一步地，为了充分避免第一极片21和第二极片22直接接触，第五端部23a在第一方向X上延伸至超出第三端部22a，第六端部23b在第一方向X上延伸至超出第四端部22b。在第一方向X上，第五端部23a相较于第三端部22a更靠近第一壁11，第六端部23b相较于第四端部22b更靠近第二壁12。
请参照图6，其中图6为第一极片21的展开图，第一集流体210包括在第一方向X上相对设置的第一边210a和第二边210b。请一并参照图3和图6，卷绕后从第二方向Y观察，第一边210a与第一端部21a重合，第二边210b与第二端部21b重合。如图6所示，当第一极片21展开后，根据相互垂直的第一方向X、第三方向Y”和第四方向Z建立三维坐标系，定义第三方向Y”为第一极片21展开后第一活性材料层211、第一集流体210和第二活性材料层212的堆叠方向，第四方向Z为电极组件20卷绕前第一极片21的延伸方向。第一集流体210的第一边210a和第二边210b均可沿第四方向Z延伸。第一极片21还包括第一极耳24，第一极耳24由第一边210a延伸形成(如， 第一极耳24与第一集流体210一体成型)。在第四方向Z上，第一极耳24的宽度可等于第一集流体210的宽度，这能够使得第一极片21的电流分布不会过于集中，降低第一极片21的内阻，从而提高第一极片21的充放电倍率。第一极耳24包括连接第一边210a的第一连接区241和连接第一连接区241的第二连接区242。第一连接区241包括连接于第一集流体210的第一连接端2401(从第二方向Y观察，第一连接端2401与第一端部21a重合，且第一连接端2401和第二极片22存在重叠)，第一连接区241可自第一连接端2401大致沿第一方向X延伸。第二连接区242相较于第一连接区241弯折，且第二连接区242偏离第一方向X延伸。第二连接区242形成第一端面201。结合参照图3和图6，可以理解，从第二方向Y观察，第一极耳24经卷绕后形成层叠设置的多层第一极耳24，因此从第二方向Y观察，第一极耳24的第一连接区241也为层叠设置的多层结构。
请一并参照图3和图7，第二集流体220包括在第一方向X上相对设置的第三边220a和第四边220b。从第二方向Y观察，第三边220a与第三端部22a重合，第四边220b与第四端部22b重合。第一边210a和第三边220a位于电极组件20同一侧，第二边210b和第四边220b位于电极组件20另一侧。第二极片22还包括第二极耳25，第二极耳25由第四边220b延伸形成(如，第二极耳25与第二集流体220一体成型)。在第四方向Z上，第二极耳25的宽度可等于第二集流体220的宽度，这能够使得第二极片22的电流分布不会过于集中，降低第二极片22的内阻，从而提高第二极片22的充放电倍率。第二极耳25包括连接第四边220b的第三连接区251和连接第三连接区251的第四连接区252。第三连接区251包括连接于第二集流体220的第二连接端2511(从第二方向Y观察，第二连接端2511与第三端部22a重合，且第二连接端2511和第一极片21相离)，第三连接区251可自第二连接端2511大致沿第一方向X延伸。第四连接区252相较于第三连接区251弯折，且第四连接区252位于第二端面202。结合参照图3和图7，可以理解，从第二方向Y观察，第二极耳25经卷绕后形成层叠设置的多层第二极耳25，因此从第二方向Y观察，第二极耳25的第三连接区251也为层叠设置的多层结构。
制作时，在第一集流体210的两表面分别涂覆活性材料以形成第一极片21，且第一集流体210沿第一方向X的一端留有第一极耳24，第一极耳24与第一活性材料层211及第二活性材料层212均相离。在第二集流体220的两表面分别涂覆活性材料以形成第二极片22，且第二集流体220沿第一方向X的一端留有第二极耳25，第二极耳25与第三活性材料层221及第四活性材料层222均相离。当将第一极片21、隔离膜23和第二极片22依次层叠卷绕后，将部分第一极耳24通过揉平设备(图未示)揉平形成第一揉平面(第二连接区242形成第一揉平面)。同理，将部分第二极耳25通过揉平设备揉平形成第二揉平面(第四连接区252形成第二揉平面)。从而，得到全极耳结构的电极组件20。
如图3所示，第二连接区242电连接第一壁11，且第四连接区252电连接第二壁12。此时，第一壁11和第二壁12呈现相反的电极性，使得电化学装置100可以为外部元件(图未示)供电。其中，当第一极片21为正极极片且第二极片22为负极极片时，第一壁11呈正极性，第二壁12和第三壁13呈负极性。
请一并参阅图2、图3、图5和图8，电化学装置100还包括绝缘套30。绝缘套30的材质包括橡胶、硅胶或塑料中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，绝缘套30的材质为耐电解液腐蚀的绝缘材料，如聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚酰胺(PA)等。如图3所示，绝缘套30盖设于第一极耳24。在一些实施例中，在第一方向X 上，绝缘套30分别与第一活性材料层211和第二活性材料层212相离。从第二方向Y观察，绝缘套30与第一活性材料层211不重叠，绝缘套30与第二活性材料层212不重叠。如此，可以降低由于设置绝缘套30导致电化学装置100在第二方向Y’上尺寸增加的可能性，从而降低绝缘套30对电化学装置100能量密度的影响。在一些实施例中，在第一方向X上，绝缘套30分别与第三活性材料层221和第四活性材料层222相离。从第二方向Y观察，绝缘套30与第三活性材料层221不重叠，绝缘套30与第四活性材料层222不重叠。如此，也可以降低绝缘套30对电化学装置100能量密度的影响。
绝缘套30包括一体连接的第一区域31和第二区域32，第二区域32相较于第一区域31弯折。第一区域31包覆至少部分第一连接区241，因此第一区域31可将呈现相反电极性的至少部分第一连接区241与第三壁13隔绝开，减小该部分第一连接区241与第三壁13接触短路的可能性。其中，第一区域31包括连接第二区域32的第一端311和与第一端311相对设置的第二端312。从第二方向Y观察，第二端312与第一连接区241重叠，第二端312可在第一方向X上位于第一连接区241的第一连接端2401与第二连接区242之间。第二区域32设于第二连接区242上，第二连接区242相较于第一连接区241更靠近第二区域32。第二区域32可填充第二连接区242和第一壁11之间的空间。从第二方向Y观察，第二连接区242可在第一方向X上位于第一端311和第二端312之间。其中，第二区域32包括连接第一区域31的第三端321和与第三端321相对设置的第四端322。从第一方向X观察，第三端321与第二连接区242相离，第四端322与第二连接区242存在重叠。在一些实施例中，如图9和图10所示，从第一方向X观察，绝缘套30为连续的环形结构。例如，图9示出从第一方向X观察，绝缘套30为连续的圆环结构；图10示出从第一方向X观察，绝缘套30为连续的矩形环结构。从第一方向X观察时绝缘套30的具体形状可以根据第二连接区242所形成的揉平面形状做变更。因此，第一端311和第二端312从第一方向X观察时均为封边的环形，第三端321和第四端322从第一方向X观察时也均为封边的环形。本申请中，“连续的”意味着沿着绝缘套30的圆周方向，绝缘套30不存在中断区域和接口。因此本申请的绝缘套30与在电极组件20的头部包胶形成的绝缘结构不同。
如图3和图8所示，在一些实施例中，第一区域31自第一端311沿着第一方向X延伸。第二区域32自第三端321沿着第二方向Y’延伸，使得从第二方向Y观察时第一区域31垂直于第二区域32。由于第二区域32沿着第二方向Y’延伸，因此可减小第二区域32所占用的电极组件20头部的空间，从而减小绝缘套30对电化学装置100能量密度的影响。
如图3和图5所示，第二区域32具有第一开口320，第四端322围设形成第一开口320。从第一方向X观察，部分第二连接区242露出于第一开口320。通过第一开口320能够将第二连接区242和第一壁11电连接。再者，当向壳体10的容纳腔S注入电解液时，电解液可经由第一开口320流入并充分浸润电极组件20，减小由于设置绝缘套30对电解液浸润效率的影响。而且，第二连接区242可透过第一开口320电连接第一壁11。可以理解，第一壁11可设有注液口(图未示)，注液口在注液完成后采用密封钉密封。
在一些实施例中，绝缘套30在第一方向X上的厚度T为0.03mm至2mm。如图8所示，厚度T为绝缘套30自第一端311至第二端312的高度。
如图2和图3所示，在一些实施例中，电化学装置100还包括在第一方向X上设于第二连接区242和第二区域32之间的第一集流件40，且从第一集流件40整体为导电材质。例如，第一集流件40为金属材质，如选自铝、铜、钢、镍等金属或其合金。 第二连接区242通过第一集流件40电连接于第一壁11。第一集流件40具有收集电流的作用。此时，绝缘套30的设置还可对第一集流件40起到限位的作用，减小第一集流件40脱离第二连接区242时与壳体10的第二壁12或者第三壁13发生接触短路的可能性。在一些实施例中，第一集流件40上设有可弯折段42，可弯折段42可在外力作用下发生弯折，使得可弯折段42可以从第一开口320伸出并连接第一壁11。在一些实施例中，第一集流件40设有第二开口41。从第一方向X观察，第二开口41与第一开口320存在重叠。第二开口41的设置有利于减小第一集流件40的重量。而且，当向壳体10的容纳腔S注入电解液时，电解液可先后经由第一开口320和第二开口41流入并充分浸润电极组件20，减小由于设置第一集流件40对电解液浸润效率的影响。其中，第一集流件40可焊接于(如电阻焊或者激光焊)第二连接区242。由于第二连接区242经揉平工艺形成揉平面，这有利于增加第二连接区242与第一集流件40之间的接触面积，便于第二连接区242与第一集流件40进行焊接，且提高电连接的可靠性。
请参阅图11至图13，第一集流件40的结构或位置还可以变更。如图11所示，在另一些实施例中，可弯折段42可以省略。第一集流体40a从第二方向Y观察时大致呈倒置的T型。第一集流体40a包括在第一方向X上相连接的第一集流区401和第二集流区402。第一集流区401在第一方向X上设于第二连接区242和第二区域32之间，第一集流区401连接第二连接区242。第二集流区402设于第二区域32的第一开口320内。第二开口41可在第一方向X上贯穿第一集流区401和第二集流区402。如此，也可以将第二连接区242电连接至第一壁11。
如图12所示，在另一些实施例中，第一集流体40b至少部分设于第一开口320内，第一集流体40b直接将第二连接区242电连接至第一壁11。图12中示出在第一方向上X，第一集流体40b的厚度大于第二区域32的厚度。可以理解，第一集流体40b的厚度也可以大致等于第二区域32的厚度，本申请不作限制。
如图13所示，在另一些实施例中，在第二方向Y上，第一集流件40c还可以位于第一壁11和第二区域32之间。第一集流体40从第二方向Y观察时大致呈T型。第一集流件40c包括在第一方向X上相连接的第三集流区403和第四集流区404。第三集流区403至少部分设于第二区域32的第一开口320内，第三集流区403连接第二连接区242。第四集流区404在第一方向X上设于第一壁11和第二区域32之间。第二开口41可在第一方向X上贯穿第三集流区403和第四集流区404。如此，也可以将第二连接区242电连接至第一壁11。
如图2和图3所示，在一些实施例中，从第一方向X观察，第一开口320和第二开口41可分别为圆形。在其它实施例中，第一开口320和第二开口41的形状还可以作变更，如椭圆形、正方形、六边形等。
如图3所示，在一些实施例中，电化学装置100还包括在第一方向X上设于第四连接区252和第二壁12之间的第二集流件50，且第二集流件50整体为导电材质。例如，第二集流件50为金属材质，如选自铝、铜、钢、镍等金属或其合金。第四连接区252通过第二集流件50电连接于第二壁12。第二集流件50具有收集电流的作用。其中，第二集流件50可焊接于第四连接区252。由于第四连接区252经揉平工艺形成揉平面，这有利于增加第四连接区252与第二集流件50之间的接触面积，便于第四连接区252与第二集流件50进行焊接，且提高电连接的可靠性。在其它实施例中，第四连接区252也可以直接焊接于第二壁12。
如图3所示，电极组件20包括在第一方向X上相连接的第一部分203和第二部分204。从第二方向Y观察，第一部分203与绝缘套30存在重叠，第一部分203设于 绝缘套30内；第二部分204与绝缘套30相离。从第二方向Y观察，定义经过第一区域31的第二端312且垂直于第一方向X的虚拟线为L1，则虚拟线L1将电极组件20划分为第一部分203和第二部分204。定义虚拟线L1与电极组件20的最外层分别相交于第一交点P1和第二交点P2，则第一交点P1和第二交点P2之间的距离为在第二方向Y’上第一部分203的宽度W1。在第二方向Y’上第二部分204的宽度W2为电极组件20的最大宽度。在第二方向Y上绝缘套30的宽度W应为绝缘套30于第二端312处的外径。本申请中，在第二方向Y’上，第一部分203的宽度W1小于第二部分204的宽度W2。在一些实施例中，绝缘套30的宽度W小于第二部分204的宽度W2。由于绝缘套30的宽度W小于电极组件20的宽度，可减小绝缘套30对电化学装置100能量密度的影响。
如图14所示，在另一些实施例中，绝缘套30的宽度W也可以大于第二部分204的宽度W2。例如，如图14所示，第一区域31在第二方向Y’上的厚度可以增大，使得绝缘套30的宽度W大于第二部分204的宽度W2。一方面，有利于提高绝缘套30的机械强度，从而提高机械滥用时电极组件20的抗冲击能力，降低电极组件20由于晃动而造成损坏的可能性；另一方面，第一集流件40在第二方向Y’上的宽度可以适当增大，这有利于增加第二连接区242与第一集流件40之间的接触面积，便于第二连接区242与第一集流件40进行焊接，且提高电连接的可靠性。从第一方向X和第二方向Y观察，W1位于W2之内，W2位于W之内。
其中，W1、W2、W的测量步骤可以是：(1)采用X射线从第二方向Y对电化学装置100进行二维投影和扫描测试，仪器可以采用本领域技术人员公知的仪器或设备(例如GE Phoenixvtomex S设备)，从而获得CT图；(2)采用卡尺或其它合适的量具直接测量W2、W的数值；然后标识第一交点P1和第二交点P2的位置，从而直接测量W1的数值。
W1、W2、W的测量步骤还可以是：(1)将电化学装置100以0.2C放电至2.75V；(2)配置树脂组合物，其由水晶胶树脂基体(如环氧树脂)、催化剂及固化剂按照一定比例调配而成；(3)将树脂组合物倒入模具中，并将电化学装置100的第一壁11切开后倾斜地置于模具中，以减少电化学装置100底部可能残存的气泡，再继续缓慢倒入树脂组合物，使得将电化学装置100完全浸没于树脂组合物中，使得树脂组合物通过壳体10的切口缓慢流入壳体10内；(4)将电化学装置100至位置水平，将多余的气泡排出，然后静置至树脂组合物凝固；(5)沿平行于第一方向X的截面切割电化学装置100并对切割面进行打磨，从而得到将电化学装置100的截面；(6)采用卡尺或其它合适的量具直接测量W2、W的数值；然后标识第一交点P1和第二交点P2的位置，从而直接测量W1的数值。
本申请在壳体10内设置绝缘套30并将绝缘套30设于第一极耳24上。绝缘套30的第一区域31可将呈现相反电极性的至少部分第一连接区241与第三壁13隔绝开，减小第一连接区241与第三壁13接触短路的可能性。而且，绝缘套30的第二区域32可填充第二连接区242和壳体10之间的空间，减小电化学装置100发生机械滥用(如跌落、碰撞、振动等)时电极组件20在壳体10内沿第一方向X的晃动而造成损坏，提高抗冲击能力。因此，本申请改善了电化学装置100的可靠性和使用寿命。另外，由于绝缘套30的第一区域31和第二区域32一体连接，相较于现有技术中需要对第一连接区241四周进行包胶处理且在第二连接区242和第一壁11之间另外设置绝缘垫的技术方案，本申请有利于简化工艺。而且，本申请的绝缘套30相较于绝缘胶带或包胶形成的其它绝缘结构具有更高的机械强度，因此能够进一步提高机械滥用时电极组件20的抗冲击能力，降低电极组件20由于晃动而造成损坏的可能性。
请参阅图15，在另一些实施例的绝缘套30a中，第一区域31自第一端311偏离第一方向X延伸，使得第一区域31相较于第一方向X倾斜设置。而且，第二端312相较于第一端311更远离卷绕中心轴O。此时，绝缘套30a的宽度W为第一区域31于第二端312处的外径。如此，从第二方向Y上观察，倾斜设置的第一区域31与位于绝缘套30a内的部分第一连接区241之间距离增大，从而在电化学装置100发生机械滥用时，有利于减小该部分第一连接区242在晃动过程中与第一区域31接触进而导致断裂的可能性，提高了抗冲击能力。而且，相较于第一区域31于第一端311处的直径W3，第一区域31于第二端312处的外径W更大，这便于将绝缘套30a套设于第一极耳24上。
请参阅图16，在又一些实施例中的绝缘套30b，第一区域31自第一端311沿第一方向X延伸或者偏离第一方向X延伸。而且，第二区域32自第三端321偏离第二方向Y’延伸，使得第二区域32相较于第二方向Y’倾斜设置。在第一方向X上，第四端322相较于第三端321更远离第二端312。如此，倾斜设置的第二区域32不仅能够填充第二连接区242和第一壁11之间的空间，而且还能够在电化学装置100发生机械滥用时起到更好的缓冲作用，减小电极组件20在壳体10内晃动时造成损坏的可能性。
请参阅图17，进一步地，绝缘套30c还可包括第四区域33。第四区域33连接第二区域22的第四端322，第四区域33由第一开口320的边缘背离第一区域31延伸形成。第四区域33沿第一方向X延伸。第四区域33的设置同样能够填充第二连接区242和第一壁11之间的空间，减小电极组件20在壳体10内晃动时造成损坏的可能性。
请参阅图3，在一些实施例中，当隔离膜23位于电极组件20的至少部分最外层时，位于最外层的隔离膜23包括在第二方向Y上与第一连接区241和第一区域31均存在重叠的第一倾斜区2300。第一倾斜区2300相较于第一方向X倾斜设置。此时，第一交点P1和第二交点P2实际上为虚拟线L1与第一倾斜区2300的交点。第一倾斜区2300能够进一步将呈现相反电极性的至少部分第一连接区241与第三壁13隔绝开，减小第一连接区241与第三壁13接触短路的可能性。而且，由于隔离膜23本身质地较柔软，因此在电化学装置100发生机械滥用时，第一倾斜区2300能够减小至少部分第一连接区241直接与第一区域31接触进而导致断裂的可能性，提高了抗冲击能力。其中，第一倾斜区2300包括第五端部23a和与第五端部23a相对设置的第七端部23c。第五端部23a相较于第七端部23c更靠近卷绕中心轴O。隔离膜23自第六端部23b至第七端部23c可以沿第一方向X延伸。从第一方向X观察，第一区域31的第二端312与第一倾斜区2300存在重叠。从第二方向Y观察，第二端312与第一倾斜区2300接触。由于第二端312与第一倾斜区2300接触，因此第一区域31可对第一倾斜区2300起到限位的作用，减小第一倾斜区2300沿远离卷绕中心轴O的方向张开且在机械滥用时翻折的可能性。其中，第一倾斜区2300相较于第一方向X倾斜设置指的是，第一倾斜区2300整体的延伸方向相较于第一方向X倾斜设置。由于隔离膜23本身质地较柔软，第一倾斜区2300与第二端312接触的位置可以形成如图3所示出的台阶部。其中，靠近第五端部23a的部分隔离膜23在第一极耳24揉平过程中朝向卷绕中心轴O倾斜，且第一区域31对第一倾斜区2300起到限位的作用，从而形成第一倾斜区2300。
请参阅图18，本申请另一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置200。与上述电化学装置100不同之处在于，壳体10的第一壁11设有通孔110，通孔110与容纳腔S连通。壳体10还可包括设于通孔110内的极柱16。极柱16与第一壁11电性隔绝。例如，极柱16与第一壁11之间可设置有第二绝缘层15，第二绝缘层15用于使极柱16与第一壁11电性隔绝。此时，第三壁13和第二壁12可一体成型，第一壁11和第三壁13之间可通过焊接或卡接方式固定。
进一步地，第二连接区242通过第一集流件40电连接极柱16，第四连接区252通过第二集流件50电连接第二壁12。因此，第一壁11和极柱16呈现相反的电极性，使得电化学装置200可以为外部元件(图未示)供电。其中，当第一极片21为正极极片且第二极片22为负极极片时，极柱16呈正极性，第一壁11、第二壁12和第三壁13呈负极性。
在一些实施例中，第一集流件40的可弯折段42可省略。极柱16包括在第一极柱板161、第二极柱板162及连接于第一极柱板161和第二极柱板162的极柱本体160。极柱本体160设于通孔110内。第一极柱板161和第二极柱板162分别设于第一壁11相对的两表面，且第二极柱板162位于容纳腔S内。第二极柱板162还伸入第一开口320内且与第一集流件40接触，从而实现极柱16和第一集流件40之间的电连接。
在本实施方式中，绝缘套30的第一区域31可将呈现相反电极性的至少部分第一连接区241与第三壁13隔绝开，减小至少部分第一连接区241与第三壁13接触短路的可能性。而且，绝缘套30的第二区域32不仅可填充第一极耳24和壳体10的第一壁11之间的间隙，减小电化学装置200发生机械滥用时电极组件20在壳体10内的晃动，而且，第二区域32还可将呈现相反电极性的第二连接区242与第一壁11隔绝开，减小第二连接区242与第一壁11接触短路的可能性，进一步提高电化学装置200的可靠性和使用寿命。另外，当壳体10整体为钢材质时，由于绝缘套30将呈现正极性的第一极耳24与壳体10隔绝开，还能够减小钢壳体被电解液腐蚀的可能性。
请参阅图19，本申请另一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置300。与上述电化学装置100不同之处在于，第二极耳25的第四连接区252电连接第一壁11，第一极耳24的第二连接区242电连接第二壁12。当第一极片21为正极极片且第二极片22为负极极片时，此时第一壁11呈负极性，第二壁12和第三壁13呈正极性。
请参阅图20，本申请另一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置400。与上述电化学装置300不同之处在于，卷绕后，第二极片22位于电极组件20的至少部分最外层。如，第二极片22位于电极组件20的最外层。位于最外层的第二极片22的第二极耳25的第二连接区252形成了第二倾斜区2520，第二倾斜区2520相较于第一方向X倾斜设置。从第二方向Y观察，第二端312与第二倾斜区2520接触。
请参阅图21，本申请另一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置500。与上述电化学装置100不同之处在于，绝缘套30d还包括第三区域34，第三区域34连接于第一区域31的第一端311和第二区域32的第三端321之间。第三区域34自第一端311偏离第一方向X延伸。第三区域34的设置可减小第一区域31和第二区域32的连接处形成尖端的可能性，因此在机械滥用时可减小上述尖端对壳体10的冲击，提高电化学装置500的抗冲击性能。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，位于最外层的隔离膜23还包括连接第一倾斜区2300的第三连接区2301和连接第三连接区2301的第二倾斜区2302。第三连接区2301位于第一倾斜区2300和第二倾斜区2302之间。从第二方向Y观察，第三连接区2301和第二倾斜区2302分别与第一区域31存在重叠。第三连接区2301可大致沿第一方向Y延伸。第二倾斜区2302相较于第一方向X倾斜设置。可以理解，由于隔离膜23本身质地较柔软，因此若在揉平步骤之前隔离膜23在第一方向X上尺寸较大，在将绝缘套30d套设于第一极耳24上后，隔离膜23会在对应于第三区域34的位置形成第二倾斜区2302。第二倾斜区2302的倾斜角度可大致等于第三区域34的倾斜角度。由于隔离膜23本身质地较柔软，在机械滥用使得第一集流件40在绝缘套30d内晃动时，第二倾斜区2302能够起到一定的缓冲作用，减小第一集流件40直接与绝缘套30d接触进而发生损坏的可能性，从而提高抗冲击性能。
其中，本申请的电化学装置100(或电化学装置200、300、400、500)包括所有能够发生电化学反应的装置。具体的，电化学装置100包括所有种类的原电池、二次电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池和电容器(例如超级电容器)。可选地，电化学装置100可以为锂二次电池，包括锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池和锂离子聚合物二次电池。
请参阅图22，本申请一实施方式还提供一种电子装置1，包括上述电化学装置100(或电化学装置200、300、400、500)。电子装置1通过上述电化学装置100供电，电化学装置100由于设置绝缘套30，绝缘套30能够减小第一极耳24和壳体10之间发生接触短路的可能性，还能够减小电化学装置100发生机械滥用时电极组件20在壳体10内的晃动，从而可以维持较高的可靠性和使用寿命。在一实施方式中，本申请的电子装置1可以是，但不限于笔记本电脑、笔输入型计算机、移动电脑、电子书播放器、便携式电话、便携式传真机、便携式复印机、便携式打印机、头戴式立体声耳机、录像机、液晶电视、手提式清洁器、便携CD机、迷你光盘、收发机、电子记事本、计算器、存储卡、便携式录音机、收音机、备用电源、电机、汽车、摩托车、助力自行车、自行车、照明器具、玩具、游戏机、钟表、电动工具、闪光灯、照相机、家庭用大型蓄电池和锂离子电容器等。
以上所揭露的仅为本申请较佳实施方式而已，当然不能以此来限定本申请，因此依本申请所作的等同变化，仍属本申请所涵盖的范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电化学装置，其中，包括：
    壳体；及
    电极组件，设于所述壳体内，所述电极组件为卷绕结构且包括第一极片，所述第一极片包括第一集流体以及第一极耳，定义卷绕中心轴的方向为第一方向，所述第一集流体包括在所述第一方向上相对设置的第一边和第二边，所述第一极耳由所述第一边延伸形成；
    所述第一极耳包括连接所述第一边的第一连接区和连接所述第一连接区的第二连接区，所述第二连接区相较于所述第一连接区弯折，所述电极组件包括在所述第一方向上相对设置的第一端面和第二端面，所述第二连接区形成所述第一端面；
    所述电化学装置还包括绝缘套，所述绝缘套包括一体连接的第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域包覆所述第一连接区，所述第二区域设于所述第二连接区上且具有第一开口，部分所述第二连接区露出于所述第一开口；所述电极组件包括在所述第一方向上相连接的第一部分和第二部分，从与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向观察，所述第一部分与所述绝缘套存在重叠，所述第二部分与所述绝缘套相离，在所述第二方向上，所述第一部分的宽度小于所述第二部分的宽度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述绝缘套的宽度小于所述第二部分的宽度。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第一区域包括连接所述第二区域的第一端和与所述第一端相对设置的第二端，所述第一区域自所述第一端沿着所述第一方向延伸。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电化学装置，其中，所述绝缘套还包括第三区域，所述第三区域连接于所述第一端和所述第二区域之间，所述第三区域自所述第一端偏离所述第一方向延伸。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第一区域包括连接所述第二区域的第一端和与所述第一端相对设置的第二端，所述第一区域自所述第一端偏离所述第一方向延伸，所述第二端相较于所述第一端更远离所述卷绕中心轴。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第二区域包括连接所述第一区域的第三端和与所述第三端相对设置的第四端，所述第四端围设形成所述第一开口，所述第二区域自所述第三端沿着所述第二方向延伸。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第二区域包括连接所述第一区域的第三端和与所述第三端相对设置的第四端，所述第四端围设形成所述第一开口，所述第二区域自所述第三端偏离所述第二方向延伸，所述第四端相较于所述第三端更远离所述第二连接区。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述绝缘套还包括第四区域，所述第四区域由所述第一开口的边缘背离所述第一区域延伸形成。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述电极组件还包括第二极片和隔离膜，所述第一极片、所述隔离膜和所述第二极片依次层叠卷绕形成所述电极组件。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电化学装置，其中，所述隔离膜位于所述电极组件的至少部分最外层。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电化学装置，其中，位于最外层的所述隔离膜包括在所述第二方向上与所述第一连接区和第一区域均存在重叠的第一倾斜区，所述第一倾斜区相较于所述第一方向倾斜设置；所述第一区域包括连接所述第二区域的第一端和与 所述第一端相对设置的第二端，从所述第一方向观察，所述第二端与所述第一倾斜区存在重叠。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电化学装置，其中，位于最外层的所述隔离膜还包括连接所述第一倾斜区的第三连接区和连接所述第三连接区的第二倾斜区，从所述第二方向观察，所述第三连接区和所述第二倾斜区分别与所述第一区域存在重叠，所述第二倾斜区相较于所述第一方向倾斜设置。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第二端与所述第一倾斜区接触。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第二极片包括第二集流体以及第二极耳，所述第二集流体包括在所述第一方向上相对设置的第三边和第四边，所述第二极耳由所述第四边延伸形成；
    所述第二极耳包括连接所述第四边的第三连接区和连接所述第三连接区的第四连接区，所述第四连接区相较于所述第三连接区弯折，所述第四连接区位于所述第二端面。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电化学装置，其中，所述壳体包括朝向所述第一端面设置的第一壁、与所述第一壁相对设置的第二壁、以及与所述第一壁和所述第二壁均连接的第三壁；所述第一壁与所述第二壁电性隔绝；所述第二连接区电连接所述第一壁，所述第四连接区电连接所述第二壁。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电化学装置，其中，还包括在所述第一方向上设于所述第二连接区和所述第二区域之间的第一集流件，所述第二连接区通过所述第一集流件电连接于所述第一壁。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第一集流件设有第二开口，从所述第一方向观察，所述第二开口与所述第一开口存在重叠。
  18. 如权利要求15所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第四连接区通过第二集流件电连接于所述第二壁。
  19. 如权利要求14所述的电化学装置，其中，所述壳体包括朝向所述第一端面设置的第一壁、与所述第一壁相对设置的第二壁、与所述第一壁和所述第二壁均连接的第三壁、以及设于所述第一壁的极柱；所述极柱与所述第一壁电性隔绝；所述第二连接区电连接所述极柱，所述第四连接区电连接所述第二壁。
  20. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第一极片还包括第一活性材料层和第二活性材料层，所述第一活性材料层、所述第一集流体和所述第二活性材料层依次层叠设置，在所述第一方向上，所述绝缘套分别与所述第一活性材料层和所述第二活性材料层相离。
  21. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，从所述第一方向观察，所述绝缘套为连续的环形结构。
  22. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述绝缘套的材质包括橡胶、硅胶或塑料中的至少一种。
  23. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述绝缘套在所述第一方向上的厚度为0.03mm至2mm。
  24. 一种电子装置，其中，包括如权利要求1至23中任一项所述的电化学装置。
PCT/CN2023/080579 2023-03-09 2023-03-09 电化学装置及电子装置 Ceased WO2024183073A1 (zh)

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