WO2024183992A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben eines redundanten automatisierungssystems und redundantes automatisierungssystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben eines redundanten automatisierungssystems und redundantes automatisierungssystem Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024183992A1 WO2024183992A1 PCT/EP2024/052681 EP2024052681W WO2024183992A1 WO 2024183992 A1 WO2024183992 A1 WO 2024183992A1 EP 2024052681 W EP2024052681 W EP 2024052681W WO 2024183992 A1 WO2024183992 A1 WO 2024183992A1
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- tasks
- processor unit
- automation system
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B9/00—Safety arrangements
- G05B9/02—Safety arrangements electric
- G05B9/03—Safety arrangements electric with multiple-channel loop, i.e. redundant control systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0428—Safety, monitoring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24186—Redundant processors are synchronised
Definitions
- the invention relates to a redundant automation system which comprises at least a first hardware unit and a second hardware unit, the first hardware unit comprising a first processor unit and a second processor unit, and the second hardware unit comprising a third processor unit and a fourth processor unit, the first hardware unit being designed to carry out a first group of tasks by means of the first processor unit and a second group of tasks by means of the second processor unit and to output corresponding output signals to an industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system, the second hardware unit being designed to carry out a third group of tasks by means of the third processor unit and a fourth group of tasks by means of the fourth processor unit and to output corresponding output signals to an industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system or to receive the corresponding sensor signals from the industrial process, the redundant automation system being designed to carry out the tasks of the third group and the fourth group in the event of a failure of the first hardware unit and to output the corresponding output signals to an industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system or to receive the corresponding sensor signals from the industrial process.
- the redundant automation system is designed to carry out the tasks of the first and second groups in the event of a failure of the second hardware unit and to output the corresponding output signals to the controlled industrial process, wherein the redundant automation system comprises a first synchronization connection via which the tasks of the first group and the third group can be aligned with one another, and a second synchronization connection via which the tasks of the second group and the fourth group can be synchronized with one another .
- the invention relates to a system which comprises a system for operating and monitoring the industrial process and a redundant automation system.
- the invention relates to a method for operating a redundantly designed automation system.
- H-systems highly available solutions
- an H-system usually used in the automation environment is characterized by the fact that two or more subsystems in the form of automation devices or computer systems are linked to one another via a synchronization connection.
- both subsystems can have read and/or write access to the peripheral units connected to this H-system.
- One of the two subsystems is the leader in terms of the peripherals connected to the system.
- the peripherals are connected in accordance with standardized communication protocols for redundant field buses.
- the Siemens catalog ST 70 Chapter 6, edition 2011, describes a redundant automation system consisting of two subsystems that is designed to increase the availability of a system to be controlled. This automation system is regularly synchronized and it is ensured that the failure of one of these subsystems does not have a disruptive effect on a process to be controlled because the other subsystem can continue to execute or process the corresponding part of its respective control program or to execute or process the corresponding parts of this control program.
- a synchronization method for an automation system made up of two subsystems is known from EP 0 907 912 B1.
- This synchronization method is based on a temporally synchronous coupling of the two subsystems, whereby at suitable program points where a comparison is planned, both subsystems wait for a response from the other participant and only then continue their program processing in a temporally synchronous manner.
- EP 2 657 797 A1 discloses a method for operating a redundant automation system which includes a particularly advantageous synchronization method.
- EP 2 667 269 A1 also discloses an operating method for a redundant automation system.
- Redundant automation systems generally face the problem of processing incoming and outgoing data streams in a synchronized manner. This essentially means that incoming data streams must be duplicated on both redundant subsystems and outgoing data streams that arise in both redundant subsystems must be separated. With the redundancy solutions known to date, this is associated with a correspondingly high computing time load on the two subsystems.
- H-systems are characterized by the fact that one and the same automation task is carried out redundantly on several different hardware units, but only the output signals of one of the hardware units are actually used to control the industrial process. This makes it possible for the other hardware unit used to control the industrial process to take over control of the process without delay or at least with almost no delay if the hardware unit used to control the industrial process fails. In order to actually be able to take over control of the industrial process without delay or at least almost without delay, the hardware units that each process the automation task must be synchronized. It must be ensured that the hardware units work with the same data and process the same data in the same way.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for operating a redundantly designed automation system and a corresponding redundant automation system, which reduce the resource expenditure caused by the automation system.
- the automation system comprises at least a first hardware unit and a second hardware unit, wherein the first hardware unit comprises a first processor unit and a second processor unit, and the second hardware unit comprises a third processor unit and a fourth processor unit, wherein the first hardware unit is designed to execute a first group of tasks by means of the first processor unit and a second group of tasks by means of the second processor unit.
- the second hardware unit is designed to carry out a third group of tasks by means of the third processor unit and a fourth group of tasks by means of the fourth processor unit and to output corresponding output signals to an industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system or to receive the corresponding sensor signals from the industrial process
- the redundant automation system is designed to carry out the tasks of the third group and the fourth group in the event of a failure of the first hardware unit and to output the corresponding output signals to an industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system or to receive the corresponding sensor signals from the industrial process
- the redundant automation system is designed to carry out the tasks of the first and the second group in the event of a failure of the second hardware unit and to output the corresponding output signals to the controlled industrial process or to receive the corresponding sensor signals from the industrial process
- the redundant automation system comprises a first synchronization connection via which the tasks of the first group and the third group can be aligned with
- the automation system can comprise further hardware units, each with two processor units, with the synchronization connections being designed in an analogous manner as previously explained.
- the division of each hardware unit can be done in terms of hardware or software into two processor units. The division therefore generally represents a "logical" division.
- the automation system according to the invention is designed in a manner known per se to enable redundant operation, whereby the two hardware units can each take over the tasks of the other hardware unit if the latter is temporarily or no longer functional. In order to synchronize the two hardware units, they are connected via a first and a second synchronization connection.
- the redundant design of the components of the automation system is intended to ensure continuous operation of the automation system, even in the event of a fault.
- the automation system is characterized in that the first synchronization connection is designed for a time-delayed comparison of the tasks of the first group and the third group, and the second synchronization connection is designed for a highly synchronous comparison of the tasks of the second group and the fourth group.
- the first processor unit and third processor unit are preferably intended for tasks of communication with external systems such as an operator station.
- the first group of tasks and the third group of tasks are therefore preferably communication tasks that do not result in output signals to the controlled industrial process.
- the second processor unit and the fourth processor unit are preferably intended to carry out tasks for controlling the industrial process and to output corresponding output signals to the industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system.
- the second and fourth (control) processor units are synchronized in a highly synchronous manner to implement the necessary redundancy functionality.
- the term "highly synchronous" means that the processing state of the second and fourth (control) processor units is identical at all times with a relatively low latency.
- the highly synchronous comparison of the tasks of the second group and the fourth group via the second synchronization connection has a time delay of less than 1 millisecond. This means that the two processor units process the identical tasks with a delay/latency of less than 1 millisecond.
- the highly synchronous comparison of the second synchronization connection is advantageously initiated by the occurrence of a new task in the second or fourth group. In this context, one speaks of an event-synchronous coupling of the two second and fourth (control) processor units.
- the first and third (communication) processor units have a time delay of more than 10 milliseconds in the context of the time-delayed synchronization of the tasks.
- the synchronization of the first and third (communication) processor units is not event-synchronized. Rather, the synchronization can be delayed until there is capacity for the synchronization on the synchronization connection.
- the adjustment between the first and third (communication) processor units within the scope of the invention is carried out orders of magnitude, preferably at least one order of magnitude, less frequently than the adjustment/synchronization between the second and fourth (control) processor units. ) processor units.
- This allows the necessary communication effort of the automation system to be significantly reduced without, however, causing a loss of quality in the redundancy functionality.
- a further advantage of the modeling is that the probability that both first and third (communication) processor units change to the DEFECTIVE operating state at the same time (quasi-synchronized) is reduced; the availability of the first and third (communication) processor units increases.
- the first synchronization connection and the second synchronization connection use a common synchronization medium, in particular an optical fiber.
- a common synchronization medium in particular an optical fiber.
- Such an optical fiber is common for implementing a highly synchronous adjustment and can also be used in a particularly advantageous manner for the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) adjustment of the first and third (communication) processor units.
- an additional synchronization medium is not necessary.
- a system which comprises a system for operating and monitoring the industrial process and a redundant automation system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system for operating and monitoring the industrial process is connected to the first processor unit of the first hardware unit via a system bus, which is designed in particular as Industrial Ethernet, and wherein the system for operating and monitoring the industrial process is connected to the third processor unit of the second hardware unit via the system bus, and wherein the second processor unit of the first hardware unit and the fourth processor unit of the second hardware unit are connectable to the industrial process.
- the system for operating and monitoring is particularly preferably communicatively connected to the first processor unit and the third processor unit of the redundant automation system by means of a communication connection based on TCP/IP or TLS.
- a method for operating a redundantly designed automation system which comprises at least a first hardware unit and a second hardware unit, wherein the first hardware unit comprises a first processor unit and a second processor unit, and the second hardware unit comprises a third processor unit and a fourth processor unit, wherein the first hardware unit is designed to carry out a first group of tasks by means of the first processor unit and a second group of tasks by means of the second processor unit, wherein the second hardware unit is designed to carry out a third group of tasks by means of the third processor unit and a fourth group of tasks by means of the fourth processor unit, wherein the redundant automation system is designed to carry out the tasks of the third group and the fourth group in the event of a failure of the first hardware unit and to output corresponding output signals to an industrial process controlled by the redundant automation system, and wherein the redundant automation system is designed to carry out the tasks of the first and the second group in the event of a failure of the second hardware unit and to output corresponding output signals to the controlled industrial process, wherein the redundant automation system tem
- the method is characterized in that a time-delayed comparison of the tasks of the first group and the third group takes place via the first synchronization connection, and a highly synchronous comparison of the tasks of the second group and the fourth group takes place via the second synchronization connection.
- the figure shows a system 14 with an operator station server 11 as a system for operating and monitoring an industrial process 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d and a redundant automation system 1.
- the automation system 1 has a first hardware unit 2 and a second hardware unit 3.
- the first hardware unit 2 comprises a first processor unit 4 and a second processor unit 5.
- the second hardware unit 3 comprises a third processor unit 6 and a fourth processor unit 7.
- the first processor unit 4 of the first hardware unit 4 is connected to the operator station server 11 via a system bus 12 (Industrial Ethernet).
- the third processor unit 6 is also connected to the operator station server 11 via the system bus 12.
- the second processor unit 5 and the fourth processor unit 7 are each connected to the industrial process 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d via a field bus 13.
- the first processor unit 4 and the second processor unit 6 are connected to the operator station server 11 via a field bus 13.
- th processor unit 5 , and the third processor unit 6 and the fourth processor unit 7 are connected to each other.
- the first processor unit 4 is connected to the third processor unit via a first synchronization connection 8.
- the second processor unit 5 is connected to the fourth processor unit 7 via a second synchronization connection 9.
- the two synchronization connections 8, 9 jointly use an optical fiber 15 as a connection medium.
- the first and third processor units 4, 6 act as communication processors that implement communication between the automation system 1 and the operating and monitoring system 11.
- the second and fourth processor units 5, 7 act as control processors that control the industrial process 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d in a manner known per se.
- the operating systems of the first and third (communication) processor units 4, 6, as well as the second and fourth (control) processor units 5, 7, start running.
- the control processor units 5, 7 are initially in the STOP operating state.
- the two communication processor units 4, 6 automatically carry out a data comparison via the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) coupling of the first synchronization connection 8 as soon as the coupling is available. There is no need to wait until the first hardware unit 2 and the second hardware unit 3 are in a synchronized state, which was previously necessary in known redundant automation systems.
- the data comparison refers to projected data (if already loaded) and to dynamic data, e.g. system diagnostics. This data comparison takes place continuously, e.g. when a project is loaded onto one of the communication processor units 4, 6.
- the system for operating and monitoring 11 then starts the previously loaded user program in the first control processor unit 5, e.g. by means of communication services using a standardized connection (for example using TCP/IP) via the first communication processor unit 4.
- communication jobs are executed in the first communication processor unit 4 or forwarded via an "Application Programming Interface" (API) to the second control processor unit 5 for reading or writing data access.
- API Application Programming Interface
- the result is returned via the API of the first communication processor unit 4 and a communication acknowledgment is created there.
- the acknowledgment is then returned via the system bus 12 to the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11.
- the automation system 1 or the control processor unit 5 is then in the RUN_SOLO operating state.
- the control processor unit 7 is in the STOP operating state.
- Another standardized connection with the identifier "M&C” ends at the third communication processor unit 6. All communication requests containing the identifier "M&C” are forwarded to the first communication processor unit 4, since the fourth control processor unit 7 is in the STOP operating state. In the event that an event occurs on the second control processor unit 5, which is in the RUN_SOLO operating state (e.g. because a limit value has been exceeded), this event is made available to the first communication processor unit 4 via the API.
- the first communication processor unit 4 forwards the event to the third communication processor unit 6 via the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) coupling 8.
- the event is then further processed locally in both communication processor units 4, 6 and, if necessary, the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) is informed via the standard connections of the communication processor units 4, 6.
- the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 initiates a synchronization process for the control processor units 5, 7 via communication via the first communication processor unit 4:
- the data from the second control processor unit 5 is transferred step by step to the fourth control processor unit 7. This concerns management data and data from the user program, e.g. contents of data blocks. Once the transfer is complete, both control processor units 5, 7 change to the RUN_REDUNDANT operating state. From this point on, the standard connections to the third communication processor unit 6 can be re-established and used.
- the results of the processing of the two control processor units 5, 7 are made available (highly synchronously) at the interfaces (APIs) in the direction of the first and third communication processor units 4, 6. Since this information provided contains the original requester, i.e. the first communication processor unit 4, only the corresponding first communication processor unit 4 is informed of the result, the event in the other API (here the third communication processor unit 6) is discarded.
- the further processing of the communication technology thus takes place only in the first communication processor unit 4, which sends the acknowledgment back to the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 via the corresponding standard connection.
- An important advantage of the present invention is that read access can take place without a highly synchronous connection to the two control processor units 4, 6. Since read access represents a high proportion of the communication services (typically around 90%), a significant increase in performance can be achieved with an appropriate load distribution on the part of the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 via the standard connections.
- the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 wants to read data that is only located on the two communication processor units 4, 6, e.g. system diagnostic data
- the corresponding job of the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 can be processed without a data comparison and acknowledged by the respective communication processor unit 4, 6 of the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11.
- the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 can also write data that is to be stored on both communication processor units 4, 6.
- the first communication processor unit 4 sends the received order to the third communication processor unit 6 via the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) coupling 8.
- the date is then written to both communication processor units 4, 6.
- the acknowledgement of the third communication processor unit 6 is sent via the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) coupling 8 to the first communication processor unit 4 and discarded there.
- the forwarded communication requests can receive suitable connection identifiers in order to be able to supply the acknowledgment to the corresponding communication processor unit 4, 6.
- the data structures are designed in such a way that they are identical on both communication processor units 4, 6.
- Events on a communication processor unit 4, 6 always occur on one side. These are generally system diagnostics events because, for example, a wire break in a peripheral module has been detected and reported.
- This one-sided event on a communication processor unit 4, 6 is communicated to the other communication processor unit 4, 6 via the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) connection 8. In this way, the one-sided event can be processed promptly and locally by both communication processor units 4, 6.
- the duplicated event can be communicated to the system diagnostics as an alarm via all standard connections to the connected system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11.
- the standard connections that end, for example, at the second hardware unit 3 are aborted, since the third control processor unit 6 changes to the STOP operating state.
- the standard connections can then be re-established and used.
- the connection termination can be limited, for example, to the standard connections with the identifier "M&C”.
- the system for operating and monitoring (operator station) 11 re-establishes these connections to the third communication processor unit 6.
- the communication services are transferred to the first via the non-highly synchronous (time-delayed) coupling 8.
- the data is forwarded to the communication processor unit 4 for processing as long as the fourth control processor unit 7 is in the STOP operating state.
- the other standard connections that do not have the "M&C" identifier could continue to run (e.g. "engineering" connections).
- the communication processor units 4, 6 and the control processor units 5, 7 can be combined (in pairs) in a single module, for example an industrial PC with a real-time operating system.
- the first (real) communication processor unit 4 can be assigned a second control processor unit 5, and the fourth control processor unit 7 to be assigned a virtual third communication processor unit 6, which runs on a high-performance server as a virtual machine.
- several virtual communication processor units 4, 6 can be instantiated on a high-performance computer, which are assigned to several real control processor units 5, 7.
- the real control processor units 5, 7 guarantee a high availability of the processing of the user program compared to the system process.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hardware Redundancy (AREA)
- Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24704343.3A EP4643188A1 (de) | 2023-03-08 | 2024-02-05 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines redundanten automatisierungssystems und redundantes automatisierungssystem |
| CN202480017375.0A CN120858323A (zh) | 2023-03-08 | 2024-02-05 | 用于运行冗余自动化系统的方法和冗余自动化系统 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23160779.7A EP4428633A1 (de) | 2023-03-08 | 2023-03-08 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines redundanten automatisierungssystems und redundantes automatisierungssystem |
| EP23160779.7 | 2023-03-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024183992A1 true WO2024183992A1 (de) | 2024-09-12 |
Family
ID=85569549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/052681 Ceased WO2024183992A1 (de) | 2023-03-08 | 2024-02-05 | Verfahren zum betreiben eines redundanten automatisierungssystems und redundantes automatisierungssystem |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4428633A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120858323A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024183992A1 (de) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0907912B1 (de) | 1996-06-24 | 2000-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Synchronisationsverfahren |
| EP2657797A1 (de) | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines redundanten Automatisierungssystems |
| EP2667269A1 (de) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines redundanten Automatisierungssystems |
| EP3872582A1 (de) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Redundant ausgelegtes automatisierungssystem |
| EP3872583A1 (de) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Redundant ausgelegtes automatisierungssystem |
-
2023
- 2023-03-08 EP EP23160779.7A patent/EP4428633A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-02-05 CN CN202480017375.0A patent/CN120858323A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-05 EP EP24704343.3A patent/EP4643188A1/de active Pending
- 2024-02-05 WO PCT/EP2024/052681 patent/WO2024183992A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0907912B1 (de) | 1996-06-24 | 2000-05-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Synchronisationsverfahren |
| EP2657797A1 (de) | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines redundanten Automatisierungssystems |
| EP2667269A1 (de) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines redundanten Automatisierungssystems |
| EP3872582A1 (de) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Redundant ausgelegtes automatisierungssystem |
| EP3872583A1 (de) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-09-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Redundant ausgelegtes automatisierungssystem |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4643188A1 (de) | 2025-11-05 |
| EP4428633A1 (de) | 2024-09-11 |
| CN120858323A (zh) | 2025-10-28 |
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