WO2024187597A1 - 电池及储能装置 - Google Patents

电池及储能装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024187597A1
WO2024187597A1 PCT/CN2023/097455 CN2023097455W WO2024187597A1 WO 2024187597 A1 WO2024187597 A1 WO 2024187597A1 CN 2023097455 W CN2023097455 W CN 2023097455W WO 2024187597 A1 WO2024187597 A1 WO 2024187597A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
negative pressure
energy storage
box
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/097455
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨飘飘
钱欧
李耀
陈小波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23926946.7A priority Critical patent/EP4593185A4/en
Publication of WO2024187597A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024187597A1/zh
Priority to US19/212,319 priority patent/US20250279531A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery and an energy storage device.
  • Lithium batteries have gradually become the mainstream product of energy storage because of their high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance, very low self-discharge rate, light weight, green environmental protection, and almost no water consumption in production.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a battery and an energy storage device to reduce potential accident hazards of the battery and improve the reliability of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising: a battery case; a pressure relief mechanism, arranged on a wall of the battery case, the pressure relief mechanism being used to release the internal pressure of the battery case when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery case reaches a threshold value; a first negative pressure mechanism, connected to the pressure relief mechanism, the first negative pressure mechanism being used to generate negative pressure to guide the gas in the battery case to move toward the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism can generate negative pressure when the battery is depressurized, so that the air pressure in the negative pressure area is lower than the air pressure inside the battery, forming an airflow flowing from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area.
  • the airflow drives the gas in the battery case to move toward the pressure relief mechanism, thereby accelerating the speed at which the gas inside the battery case moves toward the pressure relief mechanism, accelerating the speed at which the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure, and discharging the gas inside the battery out of the battery case, thereby reducing potential accident hazards and improving the reliability of the battery.
  • the pressure relief mechanism includes a valve body and a valve core, the valve body is connected to the wall of the battery case, the valve body has a pressure relief channel, the valve core is used to close or open the pressure relief channel, and the first negative pressure mechanism is connected to the valve body.
  • the valve core can open the pressure relief channel when the temperature or pressure inside the battery reaches a threshold value, and close the pressure relief channel when the temperature or pressure inside the battery is lower than the threshold value.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism comprises a negative pressure fan.
  • the negative pressure fan is used to generate negative pressure, has a simple structure, and is easy to manufacture.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism comprises a condenser.
  • the surrounding air pressure is lowered by continuously cooling the condenser, which can further accelerate the speed at which the gas in the battery box moves to the pressure relief mechanism, further reduce potential accident hazards, and improve the reliability of the battery.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure fan and a condenser
  • the negative pressure fan includes a frame and blades
  • the blades are rotatably disposed in the frame
  • the condenser is wound around the frame.
  • the condenser on the basis of providing a negative pressure fan, the condenser is wound around the frame, and continuous cooling is performed around the frame to reduce the surrounding air pressure, so as to speed up the movement of gas in the battery to the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure.
  • the present application provides an energy storage device, comprising: an energy storage box; and the battery provided in the embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the battery is accommodated in the energy storage box.
  • the energy storage device further comprises a second negative pressure mechanism, wherein the second negative pressure mechanism is used to generate negative pressure. To guide the gas in the energy storage box to be discharged.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism can generate negative pressure, and an airflow is formed inside the energy storage box that flows from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside the battery is discharged from the energy storage box. If the concentration of combustibles in a local area inside the energy storage box is too high or the gas temperature in a local area is too high, it will cause thermal runaway of the battery or even explosion, posing a potential accident hazard.
  • a second negative pressure mechanism is provided to discharge the gas inside the energy storage box, which can balance the concentration of combustibles in various areas inside the energy storage box, and can also reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the energy storage device, thereby reducing the potential accident hazards of the energy storage device.
  • the energy storage box includes a cabin and a cabin door, the cabin has an opening, the cabin door is used to close the opening, and the second negative pressure mechanism is arranged on the cabin and/or the cabin door.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism is arranged in the cabin or the hatch, which does not occupy the internal space of the energy storage box, and there is no need to arrange a pipe or other structure inside the energy storage box to guide the gas discharge. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, the gas inside the energy storage box flows to the second negative pressure mechanism to form a directional and stable airflow, and the gas is discharged, reducing potential accident hazards.
  • the hatch is a door leaf for opening the energy storage device, and arranging the second negative pressure mechanism on the hatch can facilitate operators to disassemble and install the second negative pressure mechanism.
  • a partition is provided inside the energy storage box, and the partition divides the internal space of the energy storage box into multiple battery compartments.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism is arranged on the partition, and an exhaust port is provided on the wall of the energy storage box. A channel connecting the second negative pressure mechanism and the exhaust port is provided in the partition.
  • the partition is located inside the energy storage box. There is no rain inside the energy storage box and it is not affected by the external environment. The internal environment of the energy storage box is relatively stable. Compared with the embodiment in which the second negative pressure mechanism is arranged on the cabin door, the second negative pressure mechanism is arranged on the partition, which can extend the service life of the second negative pressure mechanism.
  • the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters and a third negative pressure mechanism
  • each of the battery clusters includes a battery cluster box and a plurality of the batteries arranged in the battery cluster box
  • the third negative pressure mechanism is arranged on the wall of the battery cluster box
  • the third negative pressure mechanism is used to generate negative pressure to balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism is arranged in the energy storage box and is far away from the battery, when one of the batteries releases high temperature or combustibles, if the pressure in the area is not reduced in time, the gas will impact the surrounding batteries, causing secondary danger. Therefore, the third negative pressure mechanism is arranged to balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box in time, discharge the high temperature, high pressure and combustible gas in the battery cluster out of the battery cluster, maintain a relatively stable internal environment for the battery cluster, and further reduce the potential accident hazards of the energy storage device.
  • the plurality of batteries in the battery cluster box are arranged along a first direction, and each battery cluster box is provided with a plurality of the third negative pressure mechanisms arranged along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the battery cluster box is close to the battery, and the third negative pressure mechanism is arranged on the wall of the battery cluster box. If a battery generates high temperature, high pressure or flammable gas, multiple third negative pressure mechanisms can promptly generate negative pressure in the area close to the battery, discharge the gas in time, balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box, and reduce potential accident hazards.
  • the energy storage device further includes a battery management system, and the first negative pressure mechanism is connected to the battery management system.
  • the battery management system is connected to the first negative pressure mechanism and can perform intelligent management and control of the first negative pressure mechanism.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a pressure relief mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between a first negative pressure mechanism and a pressure relief mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a first negative pressure mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an energy storage device provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an energy storage device provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of an energy storage device provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a battery cluster provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 10-battery; 11-battery case; 12-pressure relief mechanism; 121-valve body; 122-valve core; 13-first negative pressure mechanism; 131-negative pressure fan; 1311-frame; 1312-blades; 132-condenser; 1321-inlet end; 1322-outlet end; 100-energy storage device; 20-energy storage case; 21-cabin; 22-cabin door; 30-partition; 40-second negative pressure mechanism; 50-third negative pressure mechanism; 60-battery cluster case; Z-first direction; X-second direction.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • battery cells include but are not limited to lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries.
  • Battery cells can be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes.
  • Battery cells generally include three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can reduce the risk of liquid or other foreign matter affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • a battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • a battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material may be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the batteries In the actual use of batteries, the batteries will be affected by various complex use environments, and there are potential accident hazards. For example, battery overcharge, short circuit, high temperature, collision deformation and other situations accompanied by high temperature will cause the pressure inside the battery to be higher than the external pressure. If the battery pressure relief mechanism fails to release the pressure inside the battery in time, it will cause thermal runaway of the battery, causing the battery to burn or explode.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery, in which a negative pressure mechanism is arranged at the position where the pressure relief mechanism of the battery is located.
  • a negative pressure mechanism is arranged at the position where the pressure relief mechanism of the battery is located.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 10, which includes a battery case 11, a pressure relief mechanism 12, and a first negative pressure mechanism 13.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 is disposed on the wall of the battery case 11, and is used to release the internal pressure of the battery case 11 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery case 11 reaches a threshold value.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 is connected to the pressure relief mechanism 12, and is used to generate negative pressure to guide the gas in the battery case 11 to move toward the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 can be opened in two ways to release the internal pressure of the battery case 11, that is, the pressure relief mechanism 12 can be activated when the internal pressure of the battery 10 reaches a threshold value to form a pressure relief channel for internal pressure or temperature relief.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 can also be activated when the temperature of the battery 10 reaches a threshold value to form a pressure relief channel for internal pressure or temperature relief.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 may be disposed on the top wall of the battery box 11 , or may be disposed on the side wall of the battery box 11 .
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 can form negative pressure.
  • the instantaneous air pressure in the area with negative pressure is lower than the air pressure inside the battery box 11. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, an airflow is formed flowing from the high-pressure area to the negative-pressure area. The airflow drives the gas in the battery box 11 to move toward the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 can generate negative pressure when the battery 10 releases pressure, so that the air pressure in the negative pressure area is lower than the air pressure inside the battery 10, forming an airflow flowing from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area.
  • the airflow drives the gas in the battery case 11 to move toward the pressure relief mechanism 12, thereby accelerating the speed at which the gas inside the battery case 11 moves toward the pressure relief mechanism 12, and accelerating the pressure relief speed of the pressure relief mechanism 12, thereby discharging the gas inside the battery 10 out of the battery case 11, reducing potential accident hazards, and improving the reliability of the battery 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a pressure relief mechanism 12 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a first negative pressure mechanism 13 provided in some embodiments of the present application is connected to the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 includes a valve body 121 and a valve core 122.
  • the valve body 121 is connected to the wall of the battery box 11.
  • the valve body 121 has a pressure relief channel.
  • the valve core 122 is used to close or open the pressure relief channel.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 is connected to the valve body 121.
  • a mounting hole may be provided on the wall of the battery box 11 , and the valve body 121 is installed in the mounting hole.
  • the pressure relief channel is a channel formed in the valve body 121 and connected to the inside of the battery box 11.
  • the valve core 122 can open the pressure relief channel when the temperature or pressure inside the battery 10 reaches a threshold, and close the pressure relief channel when the temperature or pressure inside the battery 10 is lower than the threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 may also take the form of a gas valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and may specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery 10 reaches a threshold value, the pressure relief mechanism 12 performs an action to form a pressure relief channel for releasing the internal pressure or temperature.
  • FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional structure of the first negative pressure mechanism 13 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 includes a negative pressure fan 131, and the negative pressure fan 131 is used to generate negative pressure and guide the gas in the battery box 11 to move to the pressure relief mechanism 12 when the pressure relief mechanism 12 releases pressure.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 may also be a micro vacuum pump or the like.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 further includes a condensation tube 132 .
  • a condensing medium flows inside the condenser tube 132, and the condenser tube 132 plays a condensing or reflux role.
  • the condensing medium inside the condenser tube 132 can exchange heat with the external gas to reduce the temperature of the surrounding gas, thereby reducing the surrounding gas pressure.
  • the inlet end 1321 and the outlet end 1322 of the condenser tube 132 are respectively connected to the external generating device to realize cyclic refrigeration.
  • the condensing medium may be one of a gaseous condensing medium, a liquid condensing medium and a solid condensing medium.
  • the gaseous condensing medium may be air.
  • the liquid condensing medium may be water, brine, etc.
  • the solid condensing medium may be ice, dry ice, etc.
  • the speed at which the gas in the battery box 11 moves to the pressure relief mechanism 12 can be further accelerated, further reducing potential accident hazards and improving the reliability of the battery 10.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 may include a negative pressure fan 131 and a condenser 132 at the same time.
  • the negative pressure fan 131 includes a frame 1311 and blades 1312 .
  • the blades 1312 are rotatably disposed in the frame 1311 .
  • the condenser 132 is wound around the frame 1311 .
  • the frame 1311 may be connected to the valve body 121 of the pressure relief mechanism 12 , and the condensation tube 132 may be wound around the outer circumference of the frame 1311 .
  • the condensing duct 132 may be wound half a circle, one circle, or multiple circles around the outer circumference of the frame 1311. For example, in FIG4 , the condensing duct 132 is wound one circle around the outer circumference of the frame 1311.
  • condensation pipe 132 may be disposed on a side of the frame 1311 close to the pressure relief mechanism 12 .
  • the condenser 132 is wound around the frame 1311 , and continuously cools around the frame 1311 to reduce the surrounding air pressure, so as to speed up the movement of gas in the battery 10 to the pressure relief mechanism 12 when the pressure relief mechanism 12 releases pressure.
  • the present application further provides an energy storage device 100 , referring to FIG. 5 , which is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the energy storage device 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the energy storage device 100 includes an energy storage box 20 and a battery 10 provided by any one of the above embodiments, and the battery 10 is accommodated in the energy storage box 20 .
  • the interior of the energy storage device 100 is a relatively sealed structure (not completely sealed).
  • the internal energy storage of the energy storage device 100 generally uses LFP (LiFePO 4 , lithium iron phosphate) system batteries 10.
  • LFP system battery 10 has the following accident hazards: On the one hand, the pressure relief mechanism 12 of the battery 10 will produce a large amount of combustibles, such as electrolyte vapor, when the valve is opened. On the other hand, if a battery 10 in the energy storage device 100 is out of control, a large amount of combustibles, such as H 2 , CO, CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , etc., will be produced.
  • the generation of the above-mentioned combustibles is also accompanied by high temperatures, which causes an increase in the pressure inside the battery 10. If the above-mentioned combustible substances are retained inside the energy storage device 100, the energy storage box 20 will not be strong enough and an explosion may occur. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas will impact the surrounding batteries 10. The combustibles are easy to burn when encountering sparks, causing explosions, triggering secondary hazards, and posing potential accident risks.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage device 100 , which further includes a second negative pressure mechanism 40 , which is used to generate negative pressure to guide the gas in the energy storage box 20 to be discharged.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 may include a frame 1311 and a fan blade 1312.
  • the frame 1311 is mounted on the wall of the energy storage box 20.
  • the fan blade 1312 rotates to form a negative pressure.
  • the instantaneous air pressure in the area with negative pressure is lower than the air pressure inside the energy storage box 20.
  • an airflow is formed inside the energy storage device 100 that flows in a directional direction from the high-pressure area to the negative-pressure area, thereby guiding the gas in the energy storage box 20 to be discharged.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 can generate negative pressure, and an airflow flowing from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area is formed inside the energy storage box 20, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside the battery 10 is discharged from the energy storage box 20.
  • a second negative pressure mechanism 40 is provided to discharge the gas inside the energy storage box 20, which can balance the concentration of combustibles in various areas inside the energy storage box 20, and can also reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the energy storage device 100, thereby reducing the potential accident hazards of the energy storage device 100.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective structural diagram of an energy storage device 100 provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the energy storage box 20 includes a cabin 21 and a door 22, the cabin 21 has an opening, and the door 22 is used to close the opening.
  • the cabin body 21 is used to accommodate the battery 10
  • the cabin door 22 is used to open or close the opening of the cabin door 22 .
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 may be disposed in the cabin body 21 , or in the cabin door 22 , or both the cabin body 21 and the cabin door 22 may be provided with the second negative pressure mechanism 40 .
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is arranged in the cabin 21 or the hatch 22, which does not occupy the internal space of the energy storage box 20, and there is no need to arrange a pipe or other structure for guiding the gas discharge inside the energy storage box 20. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, the gas inside the energy storage box 20 flows to the second negative pressure mechanism 40 to form a directional and stable airflow, and the gas is discharged, reducing potential accident hazards.
  • the hatch 22 is a door leaf for opening the energy storage device 100
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is arranged on the hatch 22 , which can facilitate operators to disassemble and install the second negative pressure mechanism 40 .
  • a partition 30 is provided inside the energy storage box 20, and the partition 30 divides the internal space of the energy storage box 20 into multiple battery compartments.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is provided on the partition 30, and the wall of the energy storage box 20 is provided with an exhaust port.
  • the partition 30 is provided with a channel connecting the second negative pressure mechanism 40 and the exhaust port.
  • the wall of the energy storage box 20 may be the cabin 21, or the door 22. That is, the exhaust port may be provided in the cabin 21, or in the door 22.
  • a passage connecting the second negative pressure mechanism 40 and the exhaust port is provided in the partition 30 , and the gas in the energy storage box 20 can be discharged from the exhaust port through the second negative pressure mechanism 40 from the passage.
  • the partition 30 is located inside the energy storage box 20. There is no rain inside the energy storage box 20 and it is not affected by the external environment. The internal environment of the energy storage box 20 is relatively stable. Compared with the embodiment in which the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is arranged on the hatch 22, the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is arranged on the partition 30, which can extend the service life of the second negative pressure mechanism 40.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the energy storage device 100 provided in some other embodiments of the present application; and FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the battery cluster provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the energy storage device 100 includes a plurality of battery clusters and a third negative pressure mechanism 50, each battery cluster includes a battery cluster box 60 and a plurality of batteries 10 disposed in the battery cluster box 60, and the third negative pressure mechanism 50 is disposed on the wall of the battery cluster box 60, and the third negative pressure mechanism 50 is used to generate negative pressure to balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box 60.
  • the third negative pressure mechanism 50 may also include a frame 1311 and blades 1312 .
  • the frame 1311 may be disposed on a side wall of the battery cluster box 60 .
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is disposed in the energy storage box 20 and is far away from the batteries 10, when one of the batteries 10 releases high temperature or combustibles, if the pressure in the area is not reduced in time, the gas will impact the surrounding batteries 10, causing secondary danger.
  • the third negative pressure mechanism 50 is provided to timely balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box 60, discharge the high temperature, high pressure and combustible gas in the battery cluster out of the battery cluster, maintain a relatively stable internal environment for the battery cluster, and further reduce potential accident hazards of the energy storage device 100.
  • the multiple batteries 10 in the battery cluster box 60 are arranged along the first direction Z, and each battery cluster box 60 is provided with multiple third negative pressure mechanisms 50 arranged along the second direction X, and the second direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Z.
  • the height direction is defined as a first direction Z, and a plurality of batteries 10 are arranged along the height direction.
  • the number of the third negative pressure mechanisms 50 may be one, two, or three, etc.
  • the number of the third negative pressure mechanisms 50 is four.
  • the battery cluster box 60 is close to the battery 10, and the third negative pressure mechanism 50 is arranged on the wall of the battery cluster box 60. If a battery 10 generates high temperature, high pressure or flammable gas, multiple third negative pressure mechanisms 50 can promptly generate negative pressure in the area close to the battery 10, discharge the gas in time, balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box 60, and reduce potential accident hazards.
  • the energy storage device 100 further includes a battery management system, and the first negative pressure mechanism 13 is connected to the battery management system.
  • the battery management system is used to intelligently manage and maintain each battery 10, prevent the battery 10 from being overcharged and over-discharged, extend the service life of the battery 10, monitor the status of the battery 10, and reduce potential accident hazards.
  • the battery management system is connected to the first negative pressure mechanism 13 and can intelligently control the first negative pressure mechanism 13 .
  • the battery management system may also be connected to the second negative pressure mechanism 40 and the third negative pressure mechanism 50 at the same time.
  • the present application provides an energy storage device 100, which includes a battery cluster box 60, an energy storage box 20, a second negative pressure mechanism 40, a third negative pressure mechanism 50, and a plurality of batteries 10.
  • the battery 10 includes a battery box 11, a pressure relief mechanism 12, and a first negative pressure mechanism 13.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 is disposed on the wall of the battery box 11.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 12 is used to release the internal pressure of the battery box 11 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery box 11 reaches a threshold.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 is connected to the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the first negative pressure mechanism 13 is used to generate negative pressure to guide the gas in the battery box 11 to move toward the pressure relief mechanism 12.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is disposed on the energy storage box 20.
  • the second negative pressure mechanism 40 is used to generate negative pressure to guide the gas in the energy storage box 20 to be discharged.
  • a plurality of batteries 10 are disposed in the battery cluster box 60 .
  • the third negative pressure mechanism 50 is disposed on the wall of the battery cluster box 60 .
  • the third negative pressure mechanism 50 is used to generate negative pressure to balance the internal pressure and external pressure of the battery cluster box 60 .

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池及储能装置。电池包括电池箱体、泄压机构和第一负压机构。泄压机构设置于电池箱体的壁部，泄压机构用于在电池箱体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池箱体的内部压力。第一负压机构连接于泄压机构，第一负压机构用于产生负压，以引导电池箱体内的气体向泄压机构移动。第一负压机构有利于电池内部的气体排出，降低潜在的事故隐患，提高电池的可靠性。

Description

电池及储能装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2023年03月10日提交的名称为“电池及储能装置”的中国专利申请(202320448498.2)的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池及储能装置。
背景技术
随着太阳能、风能等新能源的推广应用，储能技术也随之发展，而锂电池因为能量比较高、使用寿命长、额定电压高、具备高功率承受力、自放电率很低、重量轻、绿色环保以及生产基本不消耗水等优点，逐渐成为储能的主流产品。
目前电池应用越来越广泛，如何提升电池的可靠性，是储能技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种电池及储能装置，以降低电池潜在的事故隐患，提高电池的可靠性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括：电池箱体；泄压机构，设置于所述电池箱体的壁部，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池箱体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放所述电池箱体的内部压力；第一负压机构，连接于所述泄压机构，所述第一负压机构用于产生负压，以引导所述电池箱体内的气体向所述泄压机构移动。
上述技术方案中，第一负压机构能够在电池泄压时产生负压，使得负压区域的气压低于电池内部的气压，形成从高压区域往低压区域方向流动的气流，气流带动电池箱体内的气体向泄压机构移动，加快了电池箱体内部的气体往泄压机构移动的速度，加快了泄压机构泄压的速度，将电池内部的气体排出电池箱体，降低了潜在的事故隐患，提高了电池的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，所述泄压机构包括阀体和阀芯，所述阀体连接于所述电池箱体的壁部，所述阀体具有泄压通道，所述阀芯用于封闭或打开所述泄压通道，所述第一负压机构连接于所述阀体。
上述技术方案中，阀芯可以在电池内部的温度或压力达到阈值时打开该泄压通道，在电池内部的温度或压力低于阈值时关闭该泄压通道。
在一些实施例中，所述第一负压机构包括负压风机。
上述技术方案中，负压风机用于产生负压，结构简单，便于生产制造。
在一些实施例中，所述第一负压机构包括冷凝管。
上述技术方案中，通过冷凝管连续制冷降低周围的气压，可以进一步加快电池箱体内的气体往泄压机构移动的速度，进一步降低潜在的事故隐患，提高电池的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，所述第一负压机构包括负压风机和冷凝管，所述负压风机包括框架和扇叶，所述扇叶可转动地设置于所述框架内，所述冷凝管缠绕在所述框架上。
上述技术方案中，在设置有负压风机的基础上，冷凝管缠绕于框架，在框架的周围持续制冷，降低周围的气压，以在泄压机构泄压时加快电池内的气体往泄压机构移动的速度。
第二方面，本申请提供一种储能装置，包括：储能箱体；第一方面实施例提供的电池，所述电池容纳于所述储能箱体内。
在一些实施例中，所述储能装置还包括第二负压机构，所述第二负压机构用于产生负压， 以引导所述储能箱体内的气体排出。
上述技术方案中，第二负压机构能够产生负压，储能箱体的内部形成从高压区域往低压区域方向流动的气流，将电池内部的高温高压气体排出储能箱体。若储能箱体内部的局部区域可燃物浓度过高或局部区域的气体温度过高，将引起电池热失控甚至爆炸，存在事故隐患。因此，设置第二负压机构将储能箱体内部的气体排出，即可以均衡储能箱体内部各区域可燃物的浓度，还可以减小储能装置内部和外部的压力差，降低储能装置潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，所述储能箱体包括舱体和舱门，所述舱体具有开口，所述舱门用于封闭所述开口，所述第二负压机构设置于所述舱体和/或所述舱门。
上述技术方案中，将第二负压机构设置于舱体或舱门，不占用储能箱体的内部空间，无需在储能箱体的内部设置引导气体排出的管道或其他结构。在大气压的作用下，储能箱体内部气体向第二负压机构处流动形成定向、稳定的气流，气体排出，减少了潜在的事故隐患。
此外，舱门属于开启储能装置的门扇，将第二负压机构设置于舱门，可以方便操作人员拆卸安装第二负压机构。
在一些实施例中，所述储能箱体的内部设置有隔板，所述隔板将所述储能箱体的内部空间分隔为多个电池仓，所述第二负压机构设置于所述隔板，所述储能箱体的壁部设置有排气口，所述隔板内设置有连通所述第二负压机构和所述排气口的通道。
上述技术方案中，隔板位于储能箱体的内部，储能箱体的内部没有雨水，不受外部环境的影响，储能箱体的内部环境相对稳定，相较于第二负压机构设置于舱门的实施例，将第二负压机构设置于隔板，可以延长第二负压机构的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述储能装置包括多个电池簇和第三负压机构，每个所述电池簇包括电池簇箱体和设置在所述电池簇箱体内的多个所述电池，所述第三负压机构设置于所述电池簇箱体的壁部，所述第三负压机构用于产生负压，以平衡所述电池簇箱体的内部压力和外部压力。
上述技术方案中，由于第二负压机构设置于储能箱体，与电池距离较远，当其中一个电池泄放高温或可燃物影响时若不及时降低该区域压力，气体冲击周围的电池，会引起二次危险。因此，设置第三负压机构及时平衡电池簇箱体的内部压力和外部压力，将电池簇内的高温、高压和可燃气体排出电池簇，为电池簇维持一个相对稳定的内部环境，可以进一步降低储能装置潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，所述电池簇箱体内的多个所述电池沿第一方向排列，每个所述电池簇箱体上设置有沿第二方向排列的多个所述第三负压机构，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
上述技术方案中，与储能箱体相比，电池簇箱体靠近电池，将第三负压机构设置于电池簇箱体的壁部，若一个电池产生高温、高压或可燃气体，多个第三负压机构可以及时在靠近该电池的区域产生负压，及时将气体排出，平衡电池簇箱体的内部压力和外部压力，降低潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，所述储能装置还包括电池管理系统，所述第一负压机构连接于所述电池管理系统。
上述技术方案中，电池管理系统连接于第一负压机构可以对第一负压机构进行智能管控。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的泄压机构的立体结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的第一负压机构与泄压机构连接的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第一负压机构的立体结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的储能装置的立体图结构示意图；
图6为本申请另一些实施例提供的储能装置的立体图结构示意图；
图7为本申请又一些实施例提供的储能装置的主视结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池簇的立体结构示意图。
图标：10-电池；11-电池箱体；12-泄压机构；121-阀体；122-阀芯；13-第一负压机构；131-负压风机；1311-框架；1312-扇叶；132-冷凝管；1321-入口端；1322-出口端；100-储能装置；20-储能箱体；21-舱体；22-舱门；30-隔板；40-第二负压机构；50-第三负压机构；60-电池簇箱体；Z-第一方向；X-第二方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体包括但不限于锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。电池单体一般按封装的方式包括三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以降低液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电的风险。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例， 正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池热失控是严重的安全事故，它会引起电池起火甚至爆炸，直接威胁用户的安全。
在电池的实际使用过程中，电池会受到各种复杂的使用环境的影响，存在潜在事故隐患。如电池过充、短路、高温、碰撞变形等情况伴随着高温，导致电池内部的压力高于外部的压力，若电池的泄压机构未及时泄放完电池内部的压力，将引起电池热失控从而引起电池燃烧或爆炸。
基于上述考虑，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，在电池的泄压机构所在的位置设置负压机构。如此布置，当电池泄压机构开启泄压时，负压机构可以产生负压，引导电池包内的气体往泄压机构处移动，排出电池的外部，降低了潜在的事故隐患，提高了电池的可靠性。
参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的电池10的爆炸结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供一种电池10，电池10包括电池箱体11、泄压机构12和第一负压机构13。泄压机构12设置于电池箱体11的壁部，泄压机构12用于在电池箱体11的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池箱体11的内部压力。第一负压机构13连接于泄压机构12，第一负压机构13用于产生负压，以引导电池箱体11内的气体向泄压机构12移动。
泄压机构12可以存在两种方式打开以泄放电池箱体11的内部压力，即，泄压机构12可以在电池10的内部压力达到阈值时执行动作，形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的泄压通道。泄压机构12也可以在电池10的温度达到阈值时执行动作，形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的泄压通道。
泄压机构12可以设置于电池箱体11的顶壁，泄压机构12也可以设置于电池箱体11的侧壁。
第一负压机构13可以形成负压，存在负压的区域的瞬时气压小于电池箱体11内部的气压，在大气压的作用下，形成从高压区域往负压区域方向流动的气流，气流带动电池箱体11内的气体向泄压机构12移动。
本实施例中，第一负压机构13能够在电池10泄压时产生负压，使得负压区域的气压低于电池10内部的气压，形成从高压区域往低压区域方向流动的气流，气流带动电池箱体11内的气体向泄压机构12移动，加快了电池箱体11内部的气体往泄压机构12移动的速度，加快了泄压机构12泄压的速度，将电池10内部的气体排出电池箱体11，降低了潜在的事故隐患，提高了电池10的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，参照图2和图3，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的泄压机构12的立体机构示意图；图3为本申请一些实施例提供的第一负压机构13与泄压机构12连接的结构示意图。所述泄压机构12包括阀体121和阀芯122，阀体121连接于电池箱体11的壁部，阀体121具有泄压通道，阀芯122用于封闭或打开泄压通道，第一负压机构13连接于阀体121。
具体地，电池箱体11的壁部可以设置安装孔，阀体121安装于安装孔。
泄压通道是指形成于阀体121且能连通电池箱体11的内部的通道。阀芯122可以在电池10内部的温度或压力达到阈值时打开该泄压通道，在电池10内部的温度或压力低于阈值时关闭该泄压通道。
当然，在其他实施例中，泄压机构12还可以采用诸如气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池10的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压机构12执行动作，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的泄压通道。
在一些实施例中，参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第一负压机构13的立体结 构示意图，第一负压机构13包括负压风机131，负压风机131用于产生负压，在泄压机构12泄压时引导电池箱体11内的气体往泄压机构12处移动。
可选地，第一负压机构13还可以是微型真空泵等。
在一些实施例中，第一负压机构13还包括冷凝管132。
具体他，冷凝管132内部流通有冷凝介质，冷凝管132起到冷凝或回流作用，冷凝管132内部的冷凝介质能够与外部的气体进行热交换，降低周围气体的温度，从而降低周围气压。冷凝管132的入口端1321和出口端1322分别连通外部的发生装置实现循环制冷。
冷凝介质可以是气体冷凝介质、液体冷凝介质和固体冷凝介质中的一种。
气体冷凝介质可以是空气。液体冷凝介质可以是水、盐水等。固体冷凝介质可以是冰和干冰等。
通过冷凝管132连续制冷降低周围的气压，可以进一步加快电池箱体11内的气体往泄压机构12移动的速度，进一步降低潜在的事故隐患，提高电池10的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第一负压机构13可以同时包括负压风机131和冷凝管132，负压风机131包括框架1311和扇叶1312，扇叶1312可转动地设置于框架1311内，冷凝管132缠绕在框架1311上。
框架1311可以连接于泄压机构12的阀体121，冷凝管132可以缠绕于框架1311的外周。
冷凝管132在框架1311的外周可以缠绕半圈、一圈或多圈。示例性地，在图4中，冷凝管132在框架1311的外周缠绕一圈。
进一步地，冷凝管132可以设置于框架1311靠近泄压机构12的一侧。
在设置有负压风机131的基础上，冷凝管132缠绕于框架1311，在框架1311的周围持续制冷，降低周围的气压，以在泄压机构12泄压时加快电池10内的气体往泄压机构12移动的速度。
本申请还提供一种储能装置100，参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的储能装置100的立体结构示意图。
储能装置100包括储能箱体20和上述任意一个实施例提供的电池10，电池10容纳于储能箱体20内。
通常，储能装置100的内部为相对密封的结构(未完全密封)。储能装置100的内部储能一般采用LFP(LiFePO4，磷酸铁锂)体系的电池10。LFP体系的电池10存在以下事故隐患：一方面，电池10的泄压机构12开阀会产生大量可燃物，例如电解液蒸汽。另一方面，如果储能装置100内某个电池10发生失控，会产生大量的可燃物，例如H2、CO、CH4、C2H6等。
上述可燃物的产生还伴随着高温，导致电池10内部的压力增加，若上述可燃物质滞留于储能装置100的内部，储能箱体20的强度不足会发生爆炸，高温高压气体会冲击周围的电池10，可燃物遇到火花易燃烧，引起爆炸，引发二次危害，存在事故隐患。
基于上述考虑，参照图5，本申请实施例提供一种储能装置100，所述储能装置100还包括第二负压机构40，第二负压机构40用于产生负压，以引导储能箱体20内的气体排出。
第二负压机构40可以包括框架1311和扇叶1312，框架1311安装于储能箱体20的壁部，扇叶1312转动以形成负压。存在负压的区域的瞬时气压小于储能箱体20内部的气压，在大气压的作用下，储能装置100的内部形成从高压区域往负压区域方向定向流动的气流，从而引导储能箱体20内的气体排出。
本实施例中，第二负压机构40能够产生负压，储能箱体20的内部形成从高压区域往低压区域方向流动的气流，将电池10内部的高温高压气体排出储能箱体20。
若储能箱体20内部的局部区域可燃物浓度过高或局部区域的气体温度过高，将引起电池 10热失控甚至爆炸，存在事故隐患。因此，设置第二负压机构40将储能箱体20内部的气体排出，即可以均衡储能箱体20内部各区域可燃物的浓度，还可以减小储能装置100内部和外部的压力差，降低储能装置100潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，参照图6，图6为本申请另一些实施例提供的储能装置100的立体图结构示意图。储能箱体20包括舱体21和舱门22，舱体21具有开口，舱门22用于封闭开口。
舱体21用于容纳电池10，舱门22用于开启或封闭舱门22的开口。
第二负压机构40可以设置于舱体21，第二负压机构40也可以设置于舱门22，或者，舱体21与舱门22均设置第二负压机构40。
将第二负压机构40设置于舱体21或舱门22，不占用储能箱体20的内部空间，无需在储能箱体20的内部设置引导气体排出的管道或其他结构。在大气压的作用下，储能箱体20内部气体向第二负压机构40处流动形成定向、稳定的气流，气体排出，减少了潜在的事故隐患。
此外，舱门22属于开启储能装置100的门扇，将第二负压机构40设置于舱门22，可以方便操作人员拆卸安装第二负压机构40。
在一些实施例中，参照图5，储能箱体20的内部设置有隔板30，隔板30将储能箱体20的内部空间分隔为多个电池仓，第二负压机构40设置于隔板30，储能箱体20的壁部设置有排气口，隔板30内设置有连通第二负压机构40和排气口的通道。
储能箱体20的壁部可以是舱体21，储能箱体20的壁部也可以是舱门22。即，排气口可以设置于舱体21，也可以设置于舱门22。
隔板30内设置有连通第二负压机构40和排气口的通道，储能箱体20内的气体经第二负压机构40从通道到达排气口即可排出。
隔板30位于储能箱体20的内部，储能箱体20的内部没有雨水，不受外部环境的影响，储能箱体20的内部环境相对稳定，相较于第二负压机构40设置于舱门22的实施例，将第二负压机构40设置于隔板30，可以延长第二负压机构40的使用寿命。
进一步地，操作人员根据储能装置100内部线束的布置情况，可以根据需要将排气口设置于远离高压线的位置，降低潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，参照图7和图8，图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的储能装置100的主视结构示意图；图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池簇的立体结构示意图。储能装置100包括多个电池簇和第三负压机构50，每个电池簇包括电池簇箱体60和设置在电池簇箱体60内的多个电池10，第三负压机构50设置于电池簇箱体60的壁部，第三负压机构50用于产生负压，以平衡电池簇箱体60的内部压力和外部压力。
第三负压机构50也可以包括框架1311和扇叶1312，框架1311可以设置于电池簇箱体60的侧壁。
由于第二负压机构40设置于储能箱体20，与电池10距离较远，当其中一个电池10泄放高温或可燃物影响时若不及时降低该区域压力，气体冲击周围的电池10，会引起二次危险。
因此，设置第三负压机构50及时平衡电池簇箱体60的内部压力和外部压力，将电池簇内的高温、高压和可燃气体排出电池簇，为电池簇维持一个相对稳定的内部环境，可以进一步降低储能装置100潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，电池簇箱体60内的多个电池10沿第一方向Z排列，每个电池簇箱体60上设置有沿第二方向X排列的多个第三负压机构50，第二方向X与第一方向Z垂直。
示例性地，在图8中，定义高度方向为第一方向Z，多个电池10沿高度方向排列。
第三负压机构50的数量可以是一个、两个或三个等。示例性地，在图8中，第三负压机构50的数量为四个。
与储能箱体20相比，电池簇箱体60靠近电池10，将第三负压机构50设置于电池簇箱体60的壁部，若一个电池10产生高温、高压或可燃气体，多个第三负压机构50可以及时在靠近该电池10的区域产生负压，及时将气体排出，平衡电池簇箱体60的内部压力和外部压力，降低潜在的事故隐患。
在一些实施例中，储能装置100还包括电池管理系统，第一负压机构13连接于电池管理系统。
电池管理系统用于智能化管理及维护各个电池10，防止电池10过充电和过放电，延长电池10的使用寿命，监控电池10的状态，降低潜在的事故隐患。
电池管理系统连接于第一负压机构13可以对第一负压机构13进行智能管控。
当然，在其他实施例中，电池管理系统也可以同时连接第二负压机构40和第三负压机构50。
在一些实施例中，本申请提供一种储能装置100，储能装置100包括电池簇箱体60、储能箱体20、第二负压机构40、第三负压机构50和多个电池10。电池10包括电池箱体11、泄压机构12和第一负压机构13，泄压机构12设置于电池箱体11的壁部，泄压机构12用于在电池箱体11的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池箱体11的内部压力，第一负压机构13连接于泄压机构12，第一负压机构13用于产生负压，以引导电池箱体11内的气体向泄压机构12移动。第二负压机构40设置于储能箱体20，第二负压机构40用于产生负压，以引导储能箱体20内的气体排出。电池簇箱体60内设置有多个电池10，第三负压机构50设置于电池簇箱体60的壁部，第三负压机构50用于产生负压，以平衡电池簇箱体60的内部压力和外部压力。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池箱体；
    泄压机构，设置于所述电池箱体的壁部，所述泄压机构用于在所述电池箱体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放所述电池箱体的内部压力；
    第一负压机构，连接于所述泄压机构，所述第一负压机构用于产生负压，以引导所述电池箱体内的气体向所述泄压机构移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述泄压机构包括阀体和阀芯，所述阀体连接于所述电池箱体的壁部，所述阀体具有泄压通道，所述阀芯用于封闭或打开所述泄压通道，所述第一负压机构连接于所述阀体。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述第一负压机构包括负压风机。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述第一负压机构包括冷凝管。
  5. 根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的电池，其中，所述第一负压机构包括负压风机和冷凝管，所述负压风机包括框架和扇叶，所述扇叶可转动地设置于所述框架内，所述冷凝管缠绕在所述框架上。
  6. 一种储能装置，包括：
    储能箱体；
    如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池，所述电池容纳于所述储能箱体内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的储能装置，其中，所述储能装置还包括第二负压机构，所述第二负压机构用于产生负压，以引导所述储能箱体内的气体排出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的储能装置，其中，所述储能箱体包括舱体和舱门，所述舱体具有开口，所述舱门用于封闭所述开口，所述第二负压机构设置于所述舱体和/或所述舱门。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的储能装置，其中，所述储能箱体的内部设置有隔板，所述隔板将所述储能箱体的内部空间分隔为多个电池仓，所述第二负压机构设置于所述隔板，所述储能箱体的壁部设置有排气口，所述隔板内设置有连通所述第二负压机构和所述排气口的通道。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的储能装置，其中，所述储能装置包括多个电池簇和第三负压机构，每个所述电池簇包括电池簇箱体和设置在所述电池簇箱体内的多个所述电池，所述第三负压机构设置于所述电池簇箱体的壁部，所述第三负压机构用于产生负压，以平衡所述电池簇箱体的内部压力和外部压力。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的储能装置，其中，所述电池簇箱体内的多个所述电池沿第一方向排列，每个所述电池簇箱体上设置有沿第二方向排列的多个所述第三负压机构，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  12. 根据权利要求6-11中任一项所述的储能装置，其中，所述储能装置还包括电池管理系统，所述第一负压机构连接于所述电池管理系统。
PCT/CN2023/097455 2023-03-10 2023-05-31 电池及储能装置 Ceased WO2024187597A1 (zh)

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