WO2024210729A1 - 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024210729A1 WO2024210729A1 PCT/KR2024/095684 KR2024095684W WO2024210729A1 WO 2024210729 A1 WO2024210729 A1 WO 2024210729A1 KR 2024095684 W KR2024095684 W KR 2024095684W WO 2024210729 A1 WO2024210729 A1 WO 2024210729A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- lithium secondary batteries have rapidly expanded to include not only power supply for electronic devices such as electric, electronic, communication, and computers, but also power storage and supply for large-area devices such as automobiles and power storage devices, the demand for high-capacity, high-output, and high-stability secondary batteries is increasing.
- lithium secondary batteries for automotive use.
- nickel-rich cathode active materials with high energy density but low stability can be used, or secondary batteries can be driven at high voltage.
- the present invention aims to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte having improved stability at high voltage and high temperature, which can suppress the degradation of the positive electrode, reduce side reactions between the positive electrode and the electrolyte, and form a stable SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) film on the negative electrode.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- the present invention aims to provide a lithium secondary battery having improved overall performance by including the non-aqueous electrolyte, thereby improving high-voltage cycle characteristics, high-temperature storage characteristics, and thermal stability.
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, an organic solvent, a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 as a first additive, and a compound represented by the following chemical formula 2 or chemical formula 3 as a second additive.
- R is any one selected from a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine
- R 2 to R 4 are each independently any one selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a nitrile group.
- R 5 is an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine
- R 6 is any one selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode; a negative electrode; a separator; and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the compound of formula 1 provided as the first additive of the present invention is a cyclic sulfate-based compound, and a film formed through a ring-opening reaction of the cyclic sulfate can help improve high-temperature durability, thereby implementing a high-temperature performance improvement effect.
- the compound of formula 1 can form a film with high lithium mobility due to a structure containing a large amount of O derived from a COO group.
- it contains functional groups such as F-based, vinyl group, and propargyl group in the structure, and can contribute to improving the stability of the battery through the formation of an organic/inorganic composite film.
- the first additive of the present invention can suppress the deterioration of the passivation ability of SEI at high temperatures, thereby preventing deterioration of the negative electrode, and improving the overall performance of the lithium secondary battery, such as the charge/discharge characteristics and output.
- the compound of Chemical Formula 2 or Chemical Formula 3 provided as the second additive of the present invention contains a propargyl group in the molecule, thereby helping to improve high-temperature durability.
- the SEI film formed through the cathodic reduction reaction of the compound of Chemical Formula 2 or Chemical Formula 3 contains a propargyl group, and the propargyl group becomes a cross-link site in the SEI, thereby enabling additional reactions.
- the additional cross-linking reaction proceeds, a solid SEI film is formed, which is effective in suppressing performance degradation due to cathodic electrodeposition of a transition metal eluted from the cathode.
- the cyclic carbonate functional group and imidazole functional group contained in the additive of Chemical Formula 2 or Chemical Formula 3 effectively suppress side reactions and cathode degradation on the cathode surface through the formation of a stable CEI (Cathode Electrolyte Interphase), thereby improving performance and reducing transition metal eluted that may occur during high-voltage charging. That is, the compound of Chemical Formula 2 or Chemical Formula 3 provided as a second additive for the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can form a stable ion-conductive film on the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes.
- CEI Cathode Electrolyte Interphase
- the film-forming reaction of the second additive is promoted by the radicals generated when the ring structure of the first additive is broken.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has high durability at high temperatures and has the effect of suppressing the dissolution of the positive electrode transition metal.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has a film form having excellent lithium ion transfer characteristics, thereby improving various performances such as charge/discharge characteristics and output characteristics of the lithium secondary battery.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has excellent oxidation resistance and can suppress side reactions occurring in the films of the positive and negative electrodes even in the acidic atmosphere of the electrolyte.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has excellent durability against negative electrode volume expansion that occurs during charging and discharging. Accordingly, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can form an electrode-electrolyte interface that is stable and highly durable even at high temperatures and can suppress unnecessary electrolyte decomposition side reactions, thereby enabling implementation of a lithium secondary battery with improved overall performance.
- an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms means an alkylene group including 1 to 5 carbon atoms, namely, -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 (CH 3 )CH-, -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -, and -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 -.
- alkylene group means a branched or unbranched divalent saturated hydrocarbon group.
- substitution means that at least one hydrogen bonded to a carbon is replaced with an element other than hydrogen, and for example, means substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a heterocycloalkenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon
- a nickel-rich cathode active material with high energy density but low stability is used, or when the secondary battery is operated at high voltage, as charge and discharge progress, the film formed on the surface of the cathode or the electrode surface structure may deteriorate due to a side reaction caused by deterioration of the electrolyte, and transition metal ions may be eluted from the surface of the cathode. In this way, the eluted transition metal ions deteriorate the passivation ability of the SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) when they are electro-deposited on the cathode, which causes the cathode to deteriorate.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- This deterioration phenomenon of secondary batteries tends to accelerate further when the potential of the positive electrode increases or the battery is exposed to high temperatures, and the problem of the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery deteriorating occurs due to the deterioration phenomenon.
- the present invention discloses a lithium secondary battery including a non-aqueous electrolyte that can suppress the dissolution of metal ions from a positive electrode, form a stable SEI film on a negative electrode, reduce swelling of the secondary battery, and increase stability at high temperatures.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention includes a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 as a first additive.
- the compound of the following chemical formula 1 is a cyclic sulfate compound, and a film formed through a ring-opening reaction of the cyclic sulfate helps improve high-temperature durability, thereby realizing a high-temperature performance improvement effect.
- the compound of the chemical formula 1 can form a film having high lithium mobility due to a structure containing a large amount of O derived from a COO group.
- it includes functional groups such as F-based, vinyl group, and propargyl group in the structure, and can contribute to improving the stability of the battery through the formation of an organic/inorganic composite film. Therefore, the first additive of the present invention can suppress a decrease in the passivation ability of SEI at high temperatures, thereby preventing deterioration of the negative electrode and improving the performance of the lithium secondary battery.
- R may be any one selected from a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R may be a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and most preferably may be any one selected from the group consisting of CF 3 , CF 2 CF 3 and an ethenyl group.
- R is a perfluoroalkyl group, an organic and inorganic composite film may be formed, thereby forming a strong and durable film.
- a film including an organic component has excellent lithium transfer characteristics, but is prone to causing side reactions in an acidic atmosphere of an electrolyte, and an inorganic film suppresses side reactions in an acidic atmosphere, but has inferior lithium transfer characteristics. Therefore, when an organic and inorganic composite film is formed, various characteristics of a lithium secondary battery are maximized.
- R is an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, an additional cross-linking reaction can occur to form a more robust film.
- the compound of the chemical formula 1 may be any one selected from the group consisting of the following chemical formulas 1-1 to 1-3.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the following chemical formula 2 or chemical formula 3 as a second additive.
- the compound of chemical formula 2 or chemical formula 3 contains a propargyl group, is easily reduced on the surface of the negative electrode, and can easily form a film on the surface of the negative electrode.
- This film has higher stability than an SEI film formed by the reduction and decomposition of a general electrolyte, has low electron conductivity, suppresses additional decomposition reactions of the electrolyte, and has the advantage of not being easily damaged even by changes in the volume of the negative electrode. That is, by using the compound of chemical formula 2 or chemical formula 3 as an additive of the electrolyte, the stability of the interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte can be secured.
- the compound of chemical formula 2 contains a propargyl group having a triple bond, which is known to have metal ion adsorption performance, and an oxygen atom, so that the propargyl group released by the bond cleavage of the nitrogen (N) atom and the carbon (C) atom of the imidazole group can adsorb metal foreign substances such as Fe, Co, Mn, and Ni eluted from the positive electrode during high-voltage charging of a lithium secondary battery, and effectively suppress the phenomenon of negative electrode deterioration caused by the deposition of these metal foreign substances on the negative electrode surface.
- metal foreign substances such as Fe, Co, Mn, and Ni
- the compound represented by chemical formula 2 can form a stable ion-conductive film on the negative electrode surface because the lone electron pair of the nitrogen (N) atom of the imidazole group reacts with alkyl carbonate, which is a decomposition product of ethylene carbonate (EC) used as an organic solvent, and is reduced on the negative electrode surface. Therefore, not only can additional electrolyte decomposition reactions be suppressed during the charge/discharge process, but also the absorption and release of lithium ions from the negative electrode can be facilitated even during overcharge or high-temperature storage, thereby improving the cycle life characteristics and high-temperature storage performance of the secondary battery.
- alkyl carbonate which is a decomposition product of ethylene carbonate (EC) used as an organic solvent
- R 1 is an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine
- R 2 to R 4 may each independently be any one selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a nitrile group.
- the compound of chemical formula 2 of the present invention may be a compound of chemical formula 2-1 below.
- This film has higher stability than the SEI film formed by the reduction and decomposition of a general electrolyte, has low electron conductivity, suppresses additional decomposition reactions of the electrolyte, and has the advantage of not being easily damaged by changes in the volume of the negative electrode.
- R 5 is an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted with fluorine, and preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 6 may be any one selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the compound of the above chemical formula 3 may be a compound of the following chemical formula 3-1.
- n can be a natural number from 1 to 8, preferably a natural number from 1 to 5, and most preferably a natural number from 1 to 3.
- R 6 may be H, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and preferably H or a methyl group.
- the compound of chemical formula 3 of the present invention may be a compound of chemical formula 3-2 below.
- the film-forming reaction of the second additive is promoted by the radicals generated when the ring structure of the first additive is broken.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has an oxadizolidine, imidazole, cyclic carbonate structure, or a structure derived therefrom between the aliphatic alkyl group-based films, so that a film form having excellent lithium ion transfer characteristics is formed, thereby improving various performances such as charge/discharge characteristics and output characteristics of a lithium secondary battery.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has excellent oxidation resistance, so that side reactions occurring in the films of the positive and negative electrodes can be suppressed even in the acidic atmosphere of the electrolyte.
- the film formed by the interaction of the first additive and the second additive has excellent durability even with respect to changes in the volume of the negative electrode that occur during charge and discharge. Accordingly, the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can form an electrode-electrolyte interface that is stable and highly durable even at high temperatures and can suppress unnecessary electrolyte decomposition side reactions, thereby enabling implementation of a lithium secondary battery with improved overall performance.
- the first additive may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 5.0 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.10 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the amount of the first additive satisfies the above range, the film-forming effect on the negative electrode is sufficient, so that the high-temperature life characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics are excellent.
- the second additive may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3.0 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.10 to 2.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the amount of the second additive satisfies the above range, the film-forming effect on the negative electrode is sufficient, so that the high-temperature life characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics are excellent.
- the first additive and the second additive may be included in a weight ratio of 1:0.001 to 1:500, preferably in a weight ratio of 1:0.01 to 1:300, and most preferably in a weight ratio of 1:0.02 to 1:250.
- the elasticity of the SEI film becomes an appropriate range, so that the SEI film can be firmly maintained during charge/discharge or at high temperatures.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may include a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt is used as an electrolyte salt in a lithium secondary battery and is used as a medium for transferring ions.
- lithium salts contain Li + as cations and F- , Cl- , Br- , I- , NO3- , N ( CN ) 2- , BF4- , ClO4- , B10Cl10- , AlCl4-, AlO2- , PF6- , CF3SO3- , CH3CO2- , CF3CO2- , AsF6- , SbF6- , CH3SO3- , ( CF3CF2SO2 ) 2N- , ( CF3SO2 ) 2N- , ( FSO2 ) 2N- , BF2C2O4- , BC4O8- , PF4C2O4- , PF2C4O At least one selected from the
- the lithium salt may include a single substance or a mixture of two or more substances selected from the group consisting of LiCl, LiBr, LiI , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiAlCl 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiPF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiCO 2 CH 3 , LiCO 2 CF 3 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiSO 3 CH 3 , LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; LiFSI), LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bis ( perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide; LiBETI), and LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; LiTFSI).
- lithium salts commonly used in electrolytes of lithium secondary batteries can be used without limitation.
- the above lithium salt may be appropriately changed within a normally usable range, but in order to obtain an optimal effect of forming a film for preventing corrosion of the electrode surface, it may be included in the electrolyte at a concentration of 0.1 M to 4.0 M, preferably, a concentration of 1.0 M to 3.0 M, and more preferably, a concentration of 1.2 M to 2.5 M.
- concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above range, the effect of improving the cycle characteristics during high-temperature storage of a lithium secondary battery is sufficient, and the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte is appropriate, so that the electrolyte impregnation property can be improved.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may include an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent may include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent, a linear carbonate-based organic solvent, a linear ester-based organic solvent, and a cyclic ester-based organic solvent.
- the additive according to the present invention is particularly effective when a cyclic carbonate solvent is used.
- a conventional electrolyte additive is used together with a cyclic carbonate solvent
- the SEI film formed by the decomposition of the cyclic carbonate solvent has a problem in that it is difficult to maintain the SEI film due to the volume change of the negative electrode that occurs during the cycle, and thus the solvent decomposition occurs continuously. This causes the ion conductivity of the electrolyte to decrease, and there is a problem in that the cycle characteristics deteriorate.
- a combination of the additive according to the present invention is used together with a cyclic carbonate solvent, a solid SEI film can be formed, so that there is an effect of maintaining high cycle characteristics.
- the above cyclic carbonate-based organic solvent is a high-viscosity organic solvent having a high dielectric constant and thus capable of dissociating a lithium salt in an electrolyte well.
- Specific examples thereof include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate, and among these, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) may be included.
- the linear carbonate-based organic solvent is an organic solvent having low viscosity and low dielectric constant, and representative examples thereof include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methylpropyl carbonate, and ethylpropyl carbonate, and among these, diethyl carbonate (DEC) may be included.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- methylpropyl carbonate methylpropyl carbonate
- ethylpropyl carbonate methylpropyl carbonate
- ethylpropyl carbonate methylpropyl carbonate
- ethylpropyl carbonate diethyl carbonate
- the organic solvent may additionally include at least one ester organic solvent selected from the group consisting of linear ester organic solvents and cyclic ester organic solvents in addition to at least one carbonate organic solvent selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonate organic solvents and linear carbonate organic solvents, in order to produce an electrolyte having high ionic conductivity.
- linear ester organic solvents include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, and butyl propionate.
- the cyclic ester organic solvent may include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the organic solvent may be used without limitation as an organic solvent commonly used in non-aqueous electrolytes, if necessary.
- at least one organic solvent from among an ether-based organic solvent, a glyme-based solvent, and a nitrile-based organic solvent may be additionally included.
- any one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), and 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (TFDOL) or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the above-mentioned glyme-based solvent has a high dielectric constant and low surface tension compared to linear carbonate-based organic solvents, and is a solvent with low reactivity with metals, and may include at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethoxyethane (glyme, DME), diethoxyethane, diglyme, tri-glyme, and tetra-glyme (TEGDME), but is not limited thereto.
- the above nitrile solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, but is not limited thereto.
- non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention may additionally include a known electrolyte additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte, if necessary, in order to prevent the non-aqueous electrolyte from being decomposed and causing cathode collapse in a high-power environment, or to further improve low-temperature high-rate discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, overcharge prevention, and high-temperature battery expansion suppression effects.
- electrolyte additives may include at least one SEI film-forming additive selected from the group consisting of, for example, cyclic carbonate compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate compounds, sultone compounds, sulfate compounds, phosphate compounds, borate compounds, nitrile compounds, benzene compounds, amine compounds, silane compounds, and lithium salt compounds.
- SEI film-forming additive selected from the group consisting of, for example, cyclic carbonate compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate compounds, sultone compounds, sulfate compounds, phosphate compounds, borate compounds, nitrile compounds, benzene compounds, amine compounds, silane compounds, and lithium salt compounds.
- the above cyclic carbonate compound may include vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinylethylene carbonate.
- the above halogen-substituted carbonate compound may include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the above sultone compounds may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propane sultone (PS), 1,4-butane sultone, ethene sultone, 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), 1,4-butene sultone, and 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone.
- PS 1,3-propane sultone
- PRS 1,3-propene sultone
- 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone 1-methyl-1,3-propene sultone.
- the above sulfate compounds may include ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS).
- Esa ethylene sulfate
- TMS trimethylene sulfate
- MTMS methyl trimethylene sulfate
- the above phosphate compound may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate, and tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite.
- the above borate compounds include tetraphenylborate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), and lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiB( C2O4 ) 2 , LiBOB).
- the above nitrile compound may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of succinonitrile, adiponitrile, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile.
- the benzene compound may include fluorobenzene
- the amine compound may include triethanolamine or ethylenediamine
- the silane compound may include tetravinylsilane.
- the above lithium salt compound is a compound different from the lithium salt included in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and may include lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), LiPO 2 F 2, or LiBF 4 .
- LiDFP lithium difluorophosphate
- LiPO 2 F 2 LiPO 2 F 2
- LiBF 4 lithium difluorophosphate
- two or more of the above other electrolyte additives may be mixed and used, and may be included in an amount of 0.050 to 20 wt%, specifically 0.10 to 15 wt%, and preferably 0.30 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the content of the above other electrolyte additives satisfies the above range, the effect of improving ion conductivity and cycle characteristics is more excellent.
- the present invention also provides a lithium secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material, an anode including a cathode active material, a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte described above.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured according to a conventional method known in the art.
- the secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured by sequentially stacking a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode to form an electrode assembly, then inserting the electrode assembly into a battery case and injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention.
- the above positive electrode can be manufactured by coating a positive electrode mixture slurry including a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, and a solvent on a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and does not cause a chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the above positive electrode active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and specifically may include a lithium metal oxide containing lithium and one or more metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum. More specifically, the lithium metal oxide is a lithium-manganese oxide (e.g., LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), a lithium-cobalt oxide (e.g., LiCoO 2 , etc.), a lithium-nickel oxide (e.g., LiNiO 2 , etc.), a lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (e.g., LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (wherein, 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-Z Ni Z O 4 (wherein, 0 ⁇ Z ⁇ 2)), a lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (e.g., LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 (wherein, 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1)), a lithium-
- the lithium metal oxides are LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (e.g., Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , in that they can improve the capacity characteristics and stability of the battery.
- lithium nickelcobaltaluminum oxide e.g., Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05 ) O2 , etc. ) , and any one of these or a mixture of two or more thereof can be used.
- the above positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 60 to 99 wt%, preferably 70 to 99 wt%, and more preferably 80 to 98 wt%, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the above binder is a component that assists in the bonding of active materials and conductive materials and bonding to a current collector.
- binders examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, and various copolymers.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%, preferably 1 to 15 wt%, and more preferably 1 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the conductive agent is a component for further improving the conductivity of the positive electrode active material, and can be added in an amount of 1 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the solid content in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and for example, carbon powder such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black; graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite with a highly developed crystal structure; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or metal fibers; fluorinated carbon powder; conductive powder such as aluminum powder or nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc. can be used.
- the above-mentioned conductive agent may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%, preferably 1 to 15 wt%, and more preferably 1 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of solids in the positive electrode mixture slurry excluding the solvent.
- the solvent may include an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that provides a desirable viscosity when including the positive electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the concentration of the solid content including the positive electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material may be 50 to 95 wt%, preferably 70 to 95 wt%, and more preferably 70 to 90 wt%.
- the above negative electrode can be manufactured, for example, by coating a negative electrode composite slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, or a graphite electrode made of carbon (C) or the metal itself can be used as the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode current collector when manufacturing a negative electrode by coating a negative electrode composite slurry on the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector generally has a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector can form fine unevenness on the surface to strengthen the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and can be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, etc.
- the negative electrode active material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium metal, a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a metal or an alloy of these metals and lithium, a metal composite oxide, a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium, and a transition metal oxide.
- any carbon-based negative electrode active material generally used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used without particular limitation, and representative examples thereof include crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a combination of these.
- the crystalline carbon include graphite such as amorphous, plate-shaped, flake-shaped, spherical, or fibrous natural graphite or artificial graphite, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon) or hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, and the like.
- a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al and Sn or an alloy of these metals with lithium can be used.
- Materials capable of doping and dedoping the lithium include Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), a Si-Y alloy (wherein Y is an element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, transition metals, rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, but is not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn-Y (wherein Y is an element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, transition metals, rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, but is not Sn), and the like. In addition, at least one of these may be mixed with SiO 2 for use.
- the above element Y may be selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- transition metal oxides examples include lithium-containing titanium composite oxide (LTO), vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide.
- the additive according to the present invention is particularly effective when Si or SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) is used as a negative electrode active material. Specifically, when a Si-based negative electrode active material is used, if a solid SEI layer is not formed on the negative electrode surface during initial activation, the deterioration of the life characteristics is accelerated due to extreme volume expansion-contraction during cycling. However, the additive according to the present invention can form an elastic yet solid SEI layer on the negative electrode surface, and thus can improve the life characteristics and storage characteristics of a secondary battery using a Si-based negative electrode active material.
- the above negative active material may be included in an amount of 60 to 99 wt%, preferably 70 to 99 wt%, and more preferably 80 to 98 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid content in the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, various copolymers thereof, and the like.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%, preferably 1 to 15 wt%, and more preferably 1 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the negative electrode composite slurry.
- the conductive agent is a component for further improving the conductivity of the negative active material, and can be added in an amount of 1 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the solid content in the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and for example, carbon powder such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black; graphite powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite with a highly developed crystal structure; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers or metal fibers; fluorinated carbon powder; conductive powder such as aluminum powder or nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc. can be used.
- the above-mentioned challenging agent may be included in an amount of 1 to 20 wt%, preferably 1 to 15 wt%, and more preferably 1 to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the negative electrode composite slurry.
- the solvent may include water or an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that provides a desirable viscosity when including the negative active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material.
- the solvent may be included so that the concentration of the solid content including the negative active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material is 50 wt% to 95 wt%, preferably 70 wt% to 90 wt%.
- the metal itself When using the metal itself as the above cathode, it can be manufactured by physically bonding, rolling, or depositing the metal onto the metal thin film itself or on the cathode current collector.
- the method for depositing the metal can use an electrical deposition method or a chemical vapor deposition method.
- the metal film itself or the metal bonded/rolled/deposited on the negative electrode current collector may include one metal or an alloy of two metals selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), and indium (In).
- a conventional porous polymer film that has been conventionally used as a separator for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin polymer such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, can be used alone or in a laminated manner, or a conventional porous nonwoven fabric, for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high-melting-point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc., can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength can be used, and can optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the separators included in the electrode assembly of the present invention may be SRS (safety reinforced separator) separators formed with a coating layer containing a ceramic component or polymer material to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength.
- SRS safety reinforced separator
- the separators included in the electrode assembly of the present invention include a porous separator substrate, and a porous coating layer entirely coated on one or both sides of the separator substrate, and the coating layer may include a mixture of inorganic particles selected from metal oxides, metalloid oxides, metal fluorides, metal hydroxides, and combinations thereof, and a binder polymer that connects and fixes the inorganic particles to each other.
- the above coating layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , SrTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , and MgF as inorganic particles.
- the inorganic particles can improve the thermal stability of the separator. That is, the inorganic particles can prevent the separator from shrinking at high temperatures.
- the binder polymer can fix the inorganic particles and also improve the mechanical stability of the separator.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be in the shape of a cylinder, a square, a pouch, or a coin using a can.
- a cathode slurry (solid content 75.5 wt%) was prepared by adding cathode active material (LiNi 0.6 Co 0.1 Mn 0.3 O 2 ): conductive agent (carbon nanotube): binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) to a solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), in a weight ratio of 97.74:0.7:1.56.
- the cathode slurry was applied to one surface of a cathode current collector (Al thin film) having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and drying and roll pressing were performed to prepare a cathode.
- a negative electrode slurry (solid content 26 wt%) was prepared by adding negative active material (natural graphite): conductive material (carbon black): binder (styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) in a weight ratio of 70:20.3:9.7 to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to one surface of a 15 ⁇ m thick negative electrode collector (Cu thin film), and drying and roll pressing were performed to prepare a negative electrode.
- a polyolefin porous separator coated with inorganic particles Al 2 O 3 was interposed between the positive and negative electrodes manufactured above in a dry room, and then the non-aqueous electrolyte manufactured above was injected to manufacture a secondary battery.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 3-2 were added to 99.98 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 94.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 3-2 were added to 94.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 1 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 94 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 89.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 85 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 3-2 were added to 89.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 3-2 were added to 85 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of Chemical Formula 1-2 and 0.01 g of the compound of Chemical Formula 2-1 were added to 99.98 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-2 and 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 89.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-2 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 94.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of Chemical Formula 1-3 and 0.01 g of the compound of Chemical Formula 2-1 were added to 99.98 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-3 and 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 89.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-3 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 94.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-3 and 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 were added to 85 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 was added to 99.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 g of the compound of chemical formula 1-1 was added to 90 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 was added to 99.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 2-1 was added to 95 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.01 g of the compound of chemical formula 3-2 was added to 99.99 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 g of the compound of chemical formula 3-2 was added to 95 g of the non-aqueous solvent manufactured in Example 1 to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- each of the batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was charged at 45°C at a 0.33C rate to 4.2 V under constant current/constant voltage conditions (0.05C cut off), and discharged to 3.0 V at a 0.33C constant current, which was considered one cycle, and 200 cycles of charge and discharge were performed.
- the capacity retention rate after 200 cycles compared to the initial capacity after 1 cycle was measured.
- the resistance increase rate after 200 cycles compared to the initial resistance after 1 cycle was measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 17 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were each fully charged to 4.2 V and then stored at 60°C for 8 weeks.
- the capacity of the fully charged secondary battery was measured and set as the initial capacity of the secondary battery.
- the capacity of the preserved secondary battery was measured to calculate the capacity decreased during the 8-week storage period.
- the percentage ratio of the decreased capacity with respect to the capacity of the initial secondary battery was calculated to derive the capacity retention rate after 8 weeks.
- the percentage ratio of the increased resistance with respect to the resistance of the initial secondary battery was calculated to derive the resistance increase rate after 8 weeks. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
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Abstract
Description
| 용량 유지율 (%) | 저항 증가율(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 92 | 10 |
| 실시예 2 | 93 | 9 |
| 실시예 3 | 92 | 9 |
| 실시예 4 | 93 | 9 |
| 실시예 5 | 94 | 7 |
| 실시예 6 | 93 | 10 |
| 실시예 7 | 91 | 8 |
| 실시예 8 | 93 | 8 |
| 실시예 9 | 92 | 8 |
| 실시예 10 | 93 | 10 |
| 실시예 11 | 92 | 9 |
| 실시예 12 | 91 | 8 |
| 실시예 13 | 92 | 8 |
| 실시예 14 | 93 | 9 |
| 실시예 15 | 93 | 10 |
| 실시예 16 | 92 | 8 |
| 실시예 17 | 91 | 8 |
| 비교예 1 | 64 | 56 |
| 비교예 2 | 66 | 55 |
| 비교예 3 | 66 | 56 |
| 비교예 4 | 63 | 54 |
| 비교예 5 | 65 | 55 |
| 비교예 6 | 63 | 55 |
| 용량 유지율 (%) | 저항 증가율(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 96 | 8 |
| 실시예 2 | 97 | 9 |
| 실시예 3 | 95 | 7 |
| 실시예 4 | 95 | 8 |
| 실시예 5 | 97 | 6 |
| 실시예 6 | 96 | 7 |
| 실시예 7 | 95 | 8 |
| 실시예 8 | 96 | 6 |
| 실시예 9 | 94 | 7 |
| 실시예 10 | 95 | 9 |
| 실시예 11 | 95 | 8 |
| 실시예 12 | 94 | 7 |
| 실시예 13 | 94 | 8 |
| 실시예 14 | 95 | 9 |
| 실시예 15 | 96 | 8 |
| 실시예 16 | 94 | 7 |
| 실시예 17 | 95 | 7 |
| 비교예 1 | 70 | 53 |
| 비교예 2 | 69 | 54 |
| 비교예 3 | 71 | 52 |
| 비교예 4 | 68 | 51 |
| 비교예 5 | 70 | 52 |
| 비교예 6 | 69 | 52 |
Claims (13)
- 리튬염;유기용매;제1첨가제로서 하기 화학식 1 의 화합물; 및제2첨가제로서 하기 화학식 2 또는 화학식 3 의 화합물을 포함하는 비수 전해질:[화학식 1]상기 화학식 1에서,R은 탄소수 1 내지 5의 퍼플루오로알킬기, 탄소수 2 내지 10의 알케닐기 및 탄소수 2 내지 10 의 알키닐기로부터 선택되는 어느 하나이고,[화학식 2]상기 화학식 2에서,R1은 불소로 치환될 수 있는 탄소수 1 내지 3의 알킬렌기이고,R2 내지 R4는 각각 독립적으로 H, 탄소수 1 내지 3의 알킬기 및 니트릴기로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나이며,[화학식 3]상기 화학식 3에서,R5은 불소로 치환될 수 있는 탄소수 1 내지 8의 알킬렌기이고,R6은 H, 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기 및 탄소수 3 내지 8의 사이클로알킬기로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나임.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1첨가제는 비수 전해질 100 중량부에 대하여 0.01 중량부 내지 10 중량부의 함량으로 포함되는 것인 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2첨가제는 비수 전해질 100 중량부에 대하여 0.01 중량부 내지 5 중량부의 함량으로 포함되는 것인 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1첨가제 및 제2첨가제는 1 : 0.001 내지 1 : 500의 중량비로 포함되는 것인 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiB10Cl10, LiAlCl4, LiAlO2, LiPF6, LiSO3CF3, LiCO2CH3, LiCO2CF3, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiSO3CH3, LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2 및 LiN(SO2CF3)2로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상인 것인 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 0.1 M 내지 4.0 M의 농도로 포함되는 것인 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 유기용매는 환형 카보네이트계 유기용매, 선형 카보네이트계 유기용매, 선형 에스테르계 유기용매 및 환형 에스테르계 유기용매로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 유기용매를 포함하는 비수 전해질.
- 양극;음극;분리막; 및청구항 1 내지 11 중 어느 한 항의 비수 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 12의 리튬 이차 전지를 포함하는 전자 기기.
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| JP2025530038A JP2025537357A (ja) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-04-04 | 非水電解質およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
| EP24785418.5A EP4607649A4 (en) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-04-04 | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE AND SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING IT |
| CN202480005000.2A CN120266314A (zh) | 2023-04-07 | 2024-04-04 | 非水性电解质及包含其的锂二次电池 |
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| CN113381071A (zh) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | 一种电解液及其制备方法和应用 |
| KR20220048354A (ko) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-19 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| KR20220165364A (ko) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 |
| CN115911544A (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-04-04 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | 一种非水电解液及锂电池 |
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| KR102927152B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-13 | 2026-02-12 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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- 2024-04-04 WO PCT/KR2024/095684 patent/WO2024210729A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160100965A (ko) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-08-24 | 우베 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 비수 전해액, 그것을 이용한 축전 디바이스, 및 그것에 이용되는 카복실산 에스터 화합물 |
| KR20220048354A (ko) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-19 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| CN113381071A (zh) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | 一种电解液及其制备方法和应用 |
| KR20220165364A (ko) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-12-15 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 |
| CN115911544A (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-04-04 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | 一种非水电解液及锂电池 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120266314A (zh) | 2025-07-04 |
| EP4607649A1 (en) | 2025-08-27 |
| EP4607649A4 (en) | 2026-04-22 |
| KR102829178B1 (ko) | 2025-07-04 |
| US20240339658A1 (en) | 2024-10-10 |
| JP2025537357A (ja) | 2025-11-14 |
| KR20240150186A (ko) | 2024-10-15 |
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