WO2024228544A1 - 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 - Google Patents
전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024228544A1 WO2024228544A1 PCT/KR2024/005914 KR2024005914W WO2024228544A1 WO 2024228544 A1 WO2024228544 A1 WO 2024228544A1 KR 2024005914 W KR2024005914 W KR 2024005914W WO 2024228544 A1 WO2024228544 A1 WO 2024228544A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device and an electrochemical device comprising the same, and more particularly, to a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device having an anode comprising a silicon-based active material, wherein the content and average particle diameter of inorganic particles are controlled to control the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator, thereby improving compression resistance, increasing energy density, and exhibiting high electrochemical device life characteristics, and to an electrochemical device comprising the same.
- Sa surface roughness
- the separator is a polymer substrate with a porous structure located between the anode and cathode, which isolates the anode and cathode, prevents electrical short-circuiting between the two electrodes, and allows electrolytes and ions to pass.
- the separator itself does not participate in the electrochemical reaction, but its physical properties, such as wettability for the electrolyte, degree of porosity, and thermal shrinkage, affect the performance and safety of the electrochemical device.
- a coating layer to a porous polymer substrate to enhance the physical properties of the membrane, and to change the properties of the coating layer by adding various substances to the coating layer.
- an inorganic substance may be added to the coating layer to enhance the mechanical strength of the membrane, or an inorganic substance or hydrate may be added to the coating layer to enhance the flame retardancy and heat resistance of the polymer substrate.
- the separator can be bonded to the electrode through a lamination process, and a polymer binder can be added to the coating layer composition of the separator to secure adhesion between the electrode and the separator.
- polyolefin resins which are widely used as porous polymer substrates for electrochemical devices, have a problem in that they shrink when exposed to high temperatures, causing the positive and negative electrodes to come into contact, resulting in an electrical short circuit between the two electrodes, and heat generation, which can cause thermal runaway due to a decomposition reaction of the electrolyte and active material.
- the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device equipped with a cathode including a silicon-based active material, wherein the content of inorganic particles is adjusted to control the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator, thereby improving the compression resistance and enhancing the energy density and life characteristics of the electrochemical device, and an electrochemical device including the same.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device having an anode including a silicon-based active material, the separator including inorganic particles and a polymer binder provided on part or all of the surface of the inorganic particles, the separator including pores, the content of the inorganic particles being 70 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator, and the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator being 600 nm or more and 1100 nm or less.
- the inorganic particles may have an average particle diameter (D50) of 40 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
- the content of the silicon-based active material in the negative electrode may be 50 wt% or more.
- the hardness of the cathode may be 50 MPa or more and 350 MPa or less.
- the content of the polymer binder may be 30 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator.
- the polymer binder may be an acrylic binder, a polyvinylidene binder, or a combination thereof.
- the thickness of the separation membrane may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the change rate of air permeability of the separation membrane may be 10% or less.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an electrochemical device including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode including a silicon-based active material; and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode including the silicon-based active material.
- the operating voltage range of the electrochemical device may be 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device according to one embodiment of the present invention can have improved compression resistance.
- An electrochemical device including a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device according to one embodiment of the present invention can improve energy density and life characteristics by utilizing a lower limit voltage.
- a and/or B means “A and B, or A or B.”
- the characteristic of "having pores” means that the object includes a plurality of pores and that the pores are interconnected with each other, thereby allowing gaseous and/or liquid fluids to pass from one side of the object to the other side.
- the separator has a porous characteristic including a large number of pores and acts as a porous ion-conducting barrier that allows ions to pass while blocking electrical contact between the cathode and the anode in an electrochemical device.
- self-supporting separator for electrochemical devices means a separator for electrochemical devices that includes inorganic particles and a polymer binder, but does not have a porous polymer substrate.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device including an anode including a silicon-based active material, the self-supporting separator including inorganic particles and a polymer binder provided on part or all of the surfaces of the inorganic particles, the separator including pores, the content of the inorganic particles being 70 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator, and the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator being 600 nm or more and 1100 nm or less.
- the self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device according to one embodiment of the present invention can have improved compression resistance.
- the separator for an electrochemical device according to one embodiment of the present invention when applied to an electrochemical device including an anode including a silicon-based active material, the energy density and life characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved. That is, among the anode active materials used in the anode of the electrochemical device, the silicon-based active material has a capacity that is about 10 times higher than that of the carbon-based active material, and thus has the advantage of being able to implement a high energy density even with a thin electrode due to the high capacity.
- the self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device does not include a porous polymer substrate. Since the self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device does not include the porous polymer substrate, the heat resistance of the separator can be improved, and the separator can be prevented from shrinking at high temperatures and causing an electrical short circuit in the electrode.
- the separator includes inorganic particles and a polymer binder.
- the separator since the separator includes the inorganic particles and the polymer binder, the heat resistance of the separator can be improved, and the separator can be prevented from shrinking at high temperatures and causing an electrical short circuit of the electrode. Furthermore, pores can be formed inside the separator.
- the separation membrane includes inorganic particles.
- the above inorganic particles include BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), Pb 1-x La x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), hafnia (HfO 2 ), SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , SiC, Al(OH) 3 , TiO 2 , aluminum peroxide, zinc tin hydroxide (ZnSn(OH) 6 ), tin-zinc oxide (Zn 2 SnO 4 ).
- the separation membrane includes the inorganic particles, the heat resistance of the separation membrane can be improved.
- the separation membrane includes a polymer binder provided on part or all of the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the separation membrane since the separation membrane includes a polymer binder provided on part or all of the surface of the inorganic particles, the inorganic particles can be densely stacked to improve the compression resistance of the separation membrane.
- the separator includes pores. Specifically, it may include a plurality of pores. More specifically, the separator may be a porous separator including a plurality of pores inside. As described above, since the separator includes pores, it can physically block the negative electrode and the positive electrode while allowing lithium ions to pass through and current to flow.
- the separator may be formed by inorganic particles being bound by a polymer binder and integrated within a layer.
- the pores within the separator may be derived from interstitial volumes, which are empty spaces between the inorganic particles.
- the structure and size of the pores may differ depending on the content and average particle diameter of the inorganic particles.
- the transition metal eluted from the anode may be prevented from moving to the cathode surface.
- the content of the inorganic particles is 70 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator. Specifically, it may be 70 parts by weight or more and less than 100 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight or more and 95 parts by weight or less, or 80 parts by weight or more and 90 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator.
- the heat resistance and compression resistance of the separator can be improved, and the separator can be manufactured as a self-supporting separator.
- the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator is 600 nm or more and 1100 nm or less.
- the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator may be 650 nm or more and 1050 nm or less, 700 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, 750 nm or more and 950 nm or less, or 750 nm or more and 900 nm or less.
- the surface roughness (Sa) may be defined as the arithmetic mean of the differences between the center line and the vertical direction of each portion randomly extracted from the surface facing the electrode of the separator with the long axis of the separator as the center line.
- the surface roughness (Sa) of the separation membrane can be measured using an Optical Profiler NV 2700 from Nanosystem.
- the upper surface of the separation membrane is set as a measurement surface on a sample stage, and an average value in four different measurement areas can be calculated.
- the setting conditions of the measurement device are as follows.
- the inorganic particles may have an average particle diameter (D50) of 40 nm to 300 nm.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the inorganic particles may be 50 nm to 290 nm, 60 nm to 280 nm, 70 nm to 270 nm, 80 nm to 260 nm, 90 nm to 250 nm, 100 nm to 240 nm, 110 nm to 230 nm, 120 nm to 220 nm, 130 nm to 210 nm, 140 nm to 200 nm, 150 nm to 190 nm, or 160 nm to 180 nm.
- the phase separation speed and phase separation efficiency between the polymer binder and the inorganic particles in a membrane slurry which is an emulsion in which the polymer binder is dispersed in water, can be improved. Furthermore, when it is less than 40 nm, the dispersibility of the inorganic particles in a slurry prepared for membrane manufacturing may be reduced, and when it exceeds 300 nm, the compressibility of the formed membrane may be reduced.
- D50 particle size means the particle size at the 50% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size.
- the particle size can be measured using a laser diffraction method. Specifically, the target powder is dispersed in a dispersion medium, and then introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g., Microtrac S3500), and the difference in diffraction patterns according to particle size is measured when the particles pass through the laser beam, thereby calculating the particle size distribution. By calculating the particle diameter at the point where 50% of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size in the measuring device is achieved, the D50 particle size can be measured.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g., Microtrac S3500
- the inorganic particles that can be used in the separator may be electrochemically stable. That is, the inorganic particles that can be used in one embodiment of the present invention may be those in which oxidation and/or reduction reactions do not occur in the operating voltage range of the applied electrochemical device (e.g., 0 V to 5 V based on Li/Li + ).
- the negative electrode includes a silicon-based active material.
- the negative electrode may include a silicon-based compound as the silicon-based active material.
- the silicon-based compound include Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), a Si-Y (Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element or a combination thereof, and is not Si) alloy, and a Si-C composite, and may include one or more of these.
- the negative electrode includes the silicon-based negative electrode active material, energy density and rapid charging performance can be improved.
- the content of the silicon-based active material in the negative electrode may be 50 wt% or more.
- the content of the silicon-based active material in the negative electrode may be 50 wt% or more and less than 100 wt%, 55 wt% or more and 95 wt% or less, 60 wt% or more and 90 wt% or less, 65 wt% or more and 85 wt% or less, or 70 wt% or more and 80 wt% or less.
- the hardness of the negative electrode may be 50 MPa or more and 350 MPa or less. Specifically, the hardness of the negative electrode may be 75 MPa or more and 325 MPa or less, 100 MPa or more and 300 MPa or less, 125 MPa or more and 275 MPa or less, 150 MPa or more and 250 MPa or less, or 175 MPa or more and 225 MPa or less.
- the hardness of the cathode can be measured by applying a micro-indenter measuring device.
- the micro-indenter measuring device can use an indentation device from Anton Paar.
- the electrode was indented to a depth of 5 um, and the hardness was measured by loading/unloading at a speed of 2 N per minute at 5 points per indentation depth.
- the content of the polymer binder may be 30 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator.
- the content of the polymer binder may be more than 0 parts by weight and less than or equal to 30 parts by weight, more than 5 parts by weight and less than or equal to 25 parts by weight, or more than 10 parts by weight and less than or equal to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the separator.
- the polymer binder may be in the form of particles or non-particles.
- the polymer binder may be one that is not dissolved by a dispersion medium or a solvent and maintains a particle shape
- the polymer binder may be one that is dissolved in a dispersion medium or a solvent and does not maintain a particle shape.
- the mechanical properties and porosity of the separation membrane can be controlled.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the particulate polymer binder is 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the first polymer binder particles may be 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 0.90 ⁇ m or less, 0.15 ⁇ m or more and 0.85 ⁇ m or less, 0.20 ⁇ m or more and 0.70 ⁇ m or less, 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.65 ⁇ m or less, or 0.30 ⁇ m or more and 0.50 ⁇ m or less.
- the phase separation speed and phase separation efficiency between the particulate polymer binder and inorganic particles in the slurry for a coating layer which is an emulsion in which the particulate polymer binder is dispersed in water, can be improved.
- the polymer binder may be an acrylic binder, a polyvinylidene binder, or a combination thereof.
- the polymer binder may include two or more types of polymer binders. As described above, by including two or more types of polymer binders, the adhesive strength between inorganic materials of the coating layer can be improved, the porosity of the coating layer can be improved, and the dry adhesive strength before injecting the electrolyte and the wet adhesive strength after injecting the electrolyte can be improved at the same time.
- the polymer binder may include an acrylic binder.
- the porosity of the separator can be maintained, and the adhesive strength between the electrode and the separator can be improved in the lamination process of the battery, thereby improving the ease of battery manufacturing, and the stacking process can be stably implemented.
- the acrylic binder is a polymer containing a carboxylic acid ester as a repeating unit, and may preferably be a (meth)acrylic acid ester or an acrylic-styrene copolymer.
- specific examples of the (meth)acrylic acid ester include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, i-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, i-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-amyl (meth)acrylate, i-amyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxymethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)
- At least one selected from methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate is preferable, and methyl (meth)acrylate is particularly preferable.
- the acrylic-styrene copolymer may include an acrylic binder, and the acrylic binder may be a polyacrylate.
- the binder may be at least one selected from the group consisting of styrenebutadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber, and acrylate polymers, and specifically, may be a copolymer including acrylate.
- the polymer binder may include a polyvinylidene-based binder.
- the polyvinylidene-based binder may be a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.
- the porosity of the separator can be maintained, and even if the coating layer is wetted by the electrolyte after activation of the battery, the adhesive strength can be maintained.
- the stiffness of the battery can be improved, and banding of the separator can be prevented.
- the polyvinylidene-based binder may be an aqueous binder. Specifically, by selecting the polyvinylidene-based binder as an aqueous binder, the pollutants discharged during the manufacturing process of the separator can be minimized, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the battery.
- the thickness of the separator may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, but is not particularly limited thereto. Specifically, the thickness of the separator may be 12 ⁇ m or more and 28 ⁇ m or less, 14 ⁇ m or more and 26 ⁇ m or less, 16 ⁇ m or more and 24 ⁇ m or less, or 18 ⁇ m or more and 22 ⁇ m or less. The thickness can be adjusted to an appropriate range by a person skilled in the art in terms of heat resistance or electrical resistance.
- the thickness of the separator can be adjusted to an appropriate range within the above-described range.
- the thickness of the membrane can be measured by applying a contact thickness measuring device.
- the contact thickness measuring device can be, for example, VL-50S-B from Mitutoyo.
- the separator may have improved compression resistance. Specifically, by controlling the content and average particle diameter (D50) of the inorganic particles included in the separator, the compression resistance of the separator can be improved.
- the separator having improved compression resistance can improve the performance of an electrochemical device by suppressing deformation of the pores of the separator when a silicon-based negative electrode active material having a large volume expansion rate during charge and discharge is used as the negative electrode.
- the change in air permeability of the separation membrane may be 10% or less.
- the change in air permeability of the separation membrane may be more than 0% and less than or equal to 10%, more than 1% and less than or equal to 9%, more than 2% and less than or equal to 8%, more than 3% and less than or equal to 7%, or more than 4% and less than or equal to 6%.
- D50 average particle diameter
- change rate in air permeability may mean the change rate measured by measuring air permeability before and after the membrane undergoes a lamination process.
- the porosity of the separation membrane may be 30 vol% or more.
- the porosity of the separation membrane may be 30 vol% or more and 70 vol% or less, 32 vol% or more and 68 vol% or less, 34 vol% or more and 66 vol% or less, 36 vol% or more and 64 vol% or less, 38 vol% or more and 62 vol% or less, 40 vol% or more and 60 vol% or less, 42 vol% or more and 58 vol% or less, 44 vol% or more and 56 vol% or less, 46 vol% or more and 54 vol% or less, or 48 vol% or more and 52 vol% or less.
- the porosity of the separation membrane By controlling the porosity of the separation membrane within the above-described range, the movement of ions in the separation membrane can be maintained, and an increase in the resistance of the separation membrane can be prevented. Specifically, if the porosity is 70% by volume or less, mechanical properties that can withstand the pressing process for bonding with the electrode can be secured, and the surface opening ratio is not too high, making it suitable for securing adhesive strength. On the other hand, if the porosity is 30% by volume or more, it is advantageous from the perspective of ion permeability.
- porosity means the ratio of the volume occupied by pores to the total volume, and uses volume% as its unit, and can be used interchangeably with terms such as void ratio and porosity.
- the porosity corresponds to a value obtained by subtracting a volume converted into the weight and density of each component of the membrane from the volume calculated in the thickness, width, and length of the membrane.
- the porosity and pore size of the membrane can be measured by the BET 6-point method using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, a mercury porosimeter, a capillary flow porometer, or a porosimetry analyzer (Bell Japan Inc, Belsorp-II mini) through a nitrogen gas adsorption flow method.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a mercury porosimeter a mercury porosimeter
- a capillary flow porometer or a porosimetry analyzer (Bell Japan Inc, Belsorp-II mini) through a nitrogen gas adsorption flow method.
- a porosimetry analyzer Bell Japan Inc, Belsorp-II mini
- the method for forming the separation membrane is as follows, for example.
- a polymer solution or polymer emulsion is prepared by dissolving a polymer binder in an appropriate solvent or dispersing it in a dispersion medium.
- usable solvents or dispersion mediums include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, cyclohexane, water, or mixtures thereof.
- the inorganic particles are dispersed in an appropriate solvent to prepare an inorganic slurry.
- the solvents that can be used include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), or mixtures thereof.
- the content ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder is as described above, and is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the thickness, pore size, and porosity of the membrane of the present invention that is finally manufactured.
- the inorganic slurry manufactured above is applied to at least one side of the prepared PET release film and dried.
- the method of applying the inorganic slurry to the surface of the PET release film is not particularly limited to any one method, and a conventional method known in the art can be used. For example, various methods such as dip coating, die coating, roll coating, comma coating, or a mixed method thereof can be used.
- the above drying process appropriately sets temperature and time conditions so as to minimize the occurrence of surface defects in the above membrane.
- the above drying may be performed using a drying auxiliary device such as a drying oven or hot air within an appropriate range.
- the PET release film can be removed to manufacture the separator.
- the separator is interposed between the cathode and the anode and is manufactured into an electrochemical device by a lamination process that applies heat and/or pressure to bind them.
- the lamination process can be performed by a roll press device including a pair of pressure rollers. That is, the cathode, the separator, and the anode can be sequentially laminated and inserted between the pressure rollers to achieve interlayer bonding. At this time, the lamination process can be performed by a hot pressurizing method.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an electrochemical device including: a positive electrode; a negative electrode including a silicon-based active material; and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode including the silicon-based active material.
- An electrochemical device comprises an inorganic particle and a polymer binder provided on part or all of the surface of the inorganic particle, has pores, has a surface roughness (Sa) of 600 nm or more and 1100 nm or less, and includes a separator without a porous polymer substrate, thereby improving heat resistance and compression resistance and enhancing the energy density and life characteristics of a battery.
- a polymer binder provided on part or all of the surface of the inorganic particle, has pores, has a surface roughness (Sa) of 600 nm or more and 1100 nm or less, and includes a separator without a porous polymer substrate, thereby improving heat resistance and compression resistance and enhancing the energy density and life characteristics of a battery.
- the operating voltage range of the electrochemical device may be 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- the lower limit voltage of the battery including the negative electrode including the silicon-based active material can be utilized.
- the electrochemical device is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction, and is a concept encompassing primary batteries and secondary batteries.
- the secondary battery is capable of charging and discharging, and refers to a lithium secondary battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, etc.
- the lithium secondary battery uses lithium ions as an ion conductor, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a liquid electrolyte, an all-solid-state battery including a solid electrolyte, a lithium polymer battery including a gel polymer electrolyte, and a lithium metal battery using lithium metal as an anode.
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder resin on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material is a layered compound such as a lithium manganese composite oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMnO 2 , etc.), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium manganese oxide having the chemical formula Li 1+x Mn 2-x O 4 (wherein, x is 0 to 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 , etc.; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxide such as LiV 3 O 8 , LiV 3 O 4 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Ni-site type lithium nickel oxide represented by the chemical formula
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder resin on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the negative electrode active material may include at least one silicon-based negative electrode active material selected from the group consisting of Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2 ), a Si-Y alloy, and a Si-C composite.
- the negative electrode may include, as the negative electrode active material, carbon such as lithium metal oxide, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphite carbon; a metal composite oxide such as LixFe2O3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), LixWO2 ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 ), SnxMe1 - xMe'yOz (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, elements of Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 of the Periodic Table, halogens; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); lithium metal; lithium alloy;
- the composition may further include one or more selected from the group consisting of silicon-based alloys; tin-based alloys; metal oxides such as SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi
- the conductive material may be, for example, one selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, carbon fibers or metal fibers, metal powder, conductive whiskers, conductive metal oxides, activated carbon, and polyphenylene derivatives, or a mixture of two or more conductive materials among them. More specifically, the conductive material may be one selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, super-p, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, denka black, aluminum powder, nickel powder, zinc oxide, potassium titanate, and titanium oxide, or a mixture of two or more conductive materials among them.
- the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the binder resin may be a polymer commonly used in electrodes in the art.
- binder resins include polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-cotrichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyetylexyl acrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate.
- Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, cellulose acetatepropionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan, and carboxyl methyl cellulose.
- the positive electrode slurry for producing the positive electrode active material layer may include a dispersant, and the dispersant may be a pyrrolidone-based compound. Specifically, it may be N-methylpyrrolidone (ADC-01, LG Chemical).
- the content of the dispersant included in the positive electrode slurry may be more than 0 part by weight and less than or equal to 0.5 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode slurry.
- the content of the dispersant included in the positive electrode slurry may be more than 0.05 part by weight and less than or equal to 0.4 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode slurry.
- the negative electrode slurry for producing the negative electrode active material layer may include a dispersant, and the dispersant may be a CMC dispersant (SWCNT, Ocsial, Tuball dispersion).
- the dispersant may be a CMC dispersant (SWCNT, Ocsial, Tuball dispersion).
- the content of the dispersant included in the cathode slurry may be more than 0 part by weight and less than or equal to 1.0 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cathode slurry.
- the content of the dispersant included in the cathode slurry may be 0.1 part by weight or more and 0.9 part by weight or less, 0.2 part by weight or more and 0.8 part by weight or less, 0.3 part by weight or more and 0.7 part by weight or less, or 0.4 part by weight or more and 0.6 part by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cathode slurry.
- an electrochemical device prepared as described above can be placed in an appropriate case and an electrolyte solution is injected to manufacture a battery.
- the electrolyte is a salt having a structure such as A + B - , wherein A + contains an ion formed by an alkali metal cation such as Li + , Na + , K + or a combination thereof, and B - contains an ion formed by an anion such as PF 6 - , BF 4 - , Cl - , Br - , I - , ClO 4 - , AsF 6 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2- , C(CF 2 SO 2 ) 3- or a combination thereof, and the salt is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane,
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module including a battery including the electrochemical element as a unit cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and a device including the battery pack as a power source.
- the device include, but are not limited to, a power tool that is powered by an electric motor and moves; an electric vehicle including an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), etc.; an electric two-wheeled vehicle including an electric bicycle (E-bike) and an electric scooter (E-scooter); an electric golf cart; and a power storage system.
- Boehmite (Sasol, Disperal60) with an average particle diameter (D50) of 60 nm and boehmite (Sasol, Disperal80) with an average particle diameter (D50) of 80 nm were dispersed in propylene carbonate (PC), a solvent, at a weight ratio of 3:2 to prepare an oil-based slurry.
- PC propylene carbonate
- a polymer binder solution was prepared by dispersing PVDF (Solvay, Solef5140-02) as a polymer binder in NMP solvent, adding the polymer binder solution to an oily slurry in an appropriate weight ratio, and stirring at 3000 rpm for 45 minutes to prepare an inorganic slurry.
- PVDF Solvay, Solef5140-02
- the above-mentioned inorganic slurry was applied to one side of a PET release film using a doctor blade by bar coating and dried with air at 50°C using a heat gun.
- the weight ratio of the above-mentioned inorganic particles and the above-mentioned polymer binder was 73:27.
- the PET release film was removed to manufacture a separation membrane having a total thickness of 14.7 ⁇ m and a surface roughness (Sa) of 750 nm.
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a slurry for a cathode active material layer was prepared by mixing a cathode active material (LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 ), a conductive agent (carbon black), a dispersant (N-methylpyrrolidone, ADC-01, LG Chemical), and a binder resin (a mixture of PVDF-HFP and PVDF) with water in a weight ratio of 97.5:0.7:0.14:1.66 and having a concentration of 50 wt% of the remaining components excluding water.
- the slurry was applied onto the surface of an aluminum thin film (thickness 10 ⁇ m) and dried to manufacture a cathode having a cathode active material layer (thickness 120 ⁇ m).
- a slurry for a negative electrode active material layer was prepared by mixing silicon particles (Elkem, M702), PAM binder (Arakawa, BUH0452), conductive agent (Imerys, SFG-6L), conductive agent (SWCNT, Ocsial, Tuball dispersion), and CMC dispersant (SWCNT, Ocsial, Tuball dispersion) with water in a weight ratio of 80:9.4:9.6:0.4:0.6 and having a concentration of 25 wt% of the remaining components excluding water.
- the slurry was applied onto the surface of a copper film (8 ⁇ m thick) and dried to manufacture an anode having an anode loading of 8 mAh/cm 2 .
- the separators of the examples and comparative examples were interposed between the manufactured cathodes and anodes, and a lamination process was performed to obtain an electrode assembly.
- the lamination process was performed using a hot press at 70°C and 5.2 MPa for 10 seconds.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was 75:25, the surface roughness (Sa) was 600 nm, and the thickness was 14.8 ⁇ m.
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of boehmite (Sasol, Disperal60) having an average particle diameter (D50) of 60 nm and boehmite (Sasol, Disperal80) having an average particle diameter (D50) of 80 nm were 9:1, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was 70:30, and the surface roughness (Sa) was 1100 nm and the thickness was 14.9 ⁇ m.
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that boehmite (Sasol, Disperal80) having an average particle diameter (D50) of 500 nm was added instead of 80 nm in Example 1, and that the surface roughness (Sa) was 300 nm and the thickness was 14.6 ⁇ m.
- boehmite Sasol, Disperal80
- D50 average particle diameter
- Sa surface roughness
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a polyolefin substrate having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used in the above Example 1, the inorganic slurry of Example 1 was coated on both sides of the polyolefin substrate, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was set to 50:50, and the surface roughness (Sa) was 450 nm and the thickness was 14.8 ⁇ m.
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a polyolefin substrate having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used in the above Example 1, boehmite (Sasol, Disperal80) having an average particle diameter (D50) of 500 nm was added to both sides of the polyolefin substrate instead of 80 nm in the above Example 1, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was 50:50, and the surface roughness (Sa) was 300 nm and the thickness was 15.0 ⁇ m.
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- a separation membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a polyolefin substrate having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used in the above Example 1, the inorganic slurry of Example 1 was coated on both sides of the polyolefin substrate, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was 50:50, and the surface roughness (Sa) was 450 nm and the thickness was 14.7 ⁇ m.
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 3.0 V to 4.2 V.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a polyolefin substrate having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was used in the above Example 1, the inorganic slurry of Comparative Example 1, to which inorganic particles having an average particle diameter (D50) of 500 nm were applied, was coated on both sides of the polyolefin substrate, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was 50:50, and the surface roughness (Sa) was 300 nm and the thickness was 14.9 ⁇ m.
- D50 average particle diameter
- Sa surface roughness
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 3.0 V to 4.2 V.
- a separation membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average particle diameter (D50) of the inorganic particles was 60 nm, the weight ratio of the inorganic particles and the polymer binder was 65:35, and the surface roughness (Sa) was 1200 nm and the thickness was 15.0 ⁇ m.
- D50 average particle diameter
- Sa surface roughness
- An electrochemical device including the above-mentioned manufactured separator was manufactured and experiments were conducted with the operating voltage range being 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- the air permeability air permeability time, Gurley
- the Gurley value was measured using a Gurley type Densometer (No. 158) from Toyoseiki according to the Gurley (JIS) measurement method of the Japanese Industrial Standard.
- the air permeability refers to the time it takes for 100 cc of air to permeate the membrane or other object of air permeability measurement, and its unit can be second/100 cc.
- the air permeability change rate was expressed by measuring the air permeability before and after the lamination process of the membranes of the examples and comparative examples.
- each electrochemical device was charged to 4.2 V at 1.0 C and discharged to 2.5 V or 3.0 V at 0.5 C for 100 cycles, and the initial capacity and residual capacity were measured to indicate the change rate.
- Example 1 had the lowest change in air permeability after compression, and the best performance maintenance rate of the electrochemical device even when the operating voltage range of the electrochemical device was used from 2.5 V to 4.2 V.
- Comparative Example 1 showed a lower change rate in air permeability than Example 1, and when the same electrochemical device driving voltage range as Examples 1 to 3 was applied, the performance retention rate also decreased. It is judged that this is because the compression resistance characteristics deteriorated as the pore size of the separator increased and the pore distribution widened as the inorganic material size applied to the separator increased.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are membranes manufactured by coating the inorganic slurries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 on both sides of a 7 ⁇ m thick polyolefin substrate, respectively.
- a polyolefin substrate having lower hardness and softness than the inorganic substrate was applied to the membrane, the change in air permeability after compression tended to increase rapidly.
- the voltage driving range of the manufactured electrochemical device was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, it was confirmed that the performance retention rate of the electrochemical device decreased rapidly.
- Comparative Examples 4 and 5 were experiments conducted using the same membrane as Comparative Examples 2 and 3, but changing the voltage driving range of the electrochemical device to 3.0 V to 4.2 V. Therefore, it was confirmed that the change rate of the air permeability after the internal compression of the membrane was the same as Comparative Examples 2 and 3. It was confirmed that when the voltage driving range of the electrochemical device was changed to a narrower range (3.0 V to 4.2 V) than Comparative Examples 2 and 3 (2.5 V to 4.2 V), the performance maintenance rate of the electrochemical device was slightly improved, but it was confirmed that the level was not as high as Example 1.
- Comparative Example 6 showed that the change rate of permeability was inferior to that of Example 1, and that the performance retention rate also decreased when the same electrochemical device driving voltage range was applied. This is believed to be because the roughness of the surface of the separator increased as the size of the inorganic material applied to the separator decreased, resulting in inferior compression characteristics.
- a self-supporting separator for an electrochemical device can be expected to improve compression resistance, enhance energy density, and have excellent performance retention rates of electrochemical devices by controlling the content and average particle diameter of inorganic particles to control the surface roughness (Sa) of the separator, thereby improving life characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
| 분리막 두께(㎛) | 분리막 통기도 변화율(%) | 전기화학소자 구동 전압 범위(V) |
전기화학소자 성능 유지율(%) | |
| 실시예1 | 14.7 | 5 | 2.5-4.2 | 97.3 |
| 실시예2 | 14.8 | 8 | 2.5-4.2 | 97.0 |
| 실시예3 | 14.9 | 10 | 2.5-4.2 | 96.8 |
| 비교예1 | 14.6 | 11 | 2.5-4.2 | 95.2 |
| 비교예2 | 14.8 | 35 | 2.5-4.2 | 89.8 |
| 비교예3 | 15.0 | 45 | 2.5-4.2 | 87.4 |
| 비교예4 | 14.7 | 35 | 3.0-4.2 | 91.3 |
| 비교예5 | 14.9 | 45 | 3.0-4.2 | 90.4 |
| 비교예6 | 15.0 | 12 | 2.5-4.2 | 95.0 |
Claims (10)
- 실리콘계 활물질을 포함하는 음극이 구비되는 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막에 있어서,무기물 입자 및 상기 무기물 입자 표면의 일부 또는 전부에 구비되는 고분자 바인더를 포함하고,기공을 포함하며,상기 무기물 입자의 함량은 상기 분리막 100 중량부에 대하여 70 중량부 이상이고,상기 분리막의 표면 조도(Sa)는 600 nm 이상 1100 nm 이하인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 무기물 입자는,평균 입경(D50)이 40 ㎚ 이상 300 ㎚ 이하인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극에서 상기 실리콘계 활물질의 함량은 50 중량% 이상인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극의 경도(hardness)가 50 MPa 이상 350 MPa 이하인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 고분자 바인더의 함량은 상기 분리막 100 중량부에 대하여 30 중량부 이하인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 고분자 바인더는 아크릴계 바인더, 폴리비닐리덴계 바인더 또는 이들의 조합인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리막의 두께는 10 ㎛ 이상 30 ㎛ 이하인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리막의 하기 수학식 1에 따른 통기도 변화율은 10% 이하인 것인, 전기화학소자용 자립형 분리막.[수학식 1]통기도 변화율(%) = {(압력 인가 후 분리막의 통기도-압력 인가 전 분리막의 통기도)/압력 인가 전 분리막의 통기도} X 100
- 양극; 실리콘계 활물질을 포함하는 음극; 및 상기 양극과 상기 실리콘계 활물질을 포함하는 음극 사이에 개재되며, 청구항 1의 분리막;을 포함하는, 전기화학소자.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,상기 전기화학소자의 구동 전압 범위는 2.5 V 내지 4.2 V인 것인, 전기화학소자.
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| EP24800225.5A EP4607682A4 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-05-02 | SELF-SUPPORTING SEPARATOR FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE INCLUDING IT |
| CN202480004756.5A CN120113094A (zh) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-05-02 | 电化学装置用自支撑隔膜及包含其的电化学装置 |
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| KR102762531B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-18 | 2025-02-03 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차전지용 프리스탠딩 분리막을 포함하는 전극조립체 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
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| EP4607682A4 (en) | 2026-02-25 |
| JP2025536040A (ja) | 2025-10-30 |
| EP4607682A1 (en) | 2025-08-27 |
| CN120113094A (zh) | 2025-06-06 |
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