WO2024245241A1 - 液冷模组、电子设备及配件 - Google Patents

液冷模组、电子设备及配件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024245241A1
WO2024245241A1 PCT/CN2024/095822 CN2024095822W WO2024245241A1 WO 2024245241 A1 WO2024245241 A1 WO 2024245241A1 CN 2024095822 W CN2024095822 W CN 2024095822W WO 2024245241 A1 WO2024245241 A1 WO 2024245241A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid cooling
cooling module
medium
liquid
module according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/095822
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2024245241A9 (zh
Inventor
靳林芳
田项宇
方浩明
王英先
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP24814438.8A priority Critical patent/EP4622413A4/en
Publication of WO2024245241A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024245241A1/zh
Publication of WO2024245241A9 publication Critical patent/WO2024245241A9/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/10—Liquid materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/20—Cooling means
    • G06F1/203—Cooling means for portable computers, e.g. for laptops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02—Details
    • H05K5/0217—Mechanical details of casings
    • H05K5/0243—Mechanical details of casings for decorative purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
    • H05K7/20254—Cold plates transferring heat from heat source to coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
    • H05K7/20272—Accessories for moving fluid, for expanding fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid, for removing gas or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/04 - G06F1/32
    • G06F2200/20—Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/20
    • G06F2200/201—Cooling arrangements using cooling fluid

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular to a liquid cooling module, electronic equipment and accessories.
  • the liquid cooling module may include: a pump and a working substance.
  • the working substance can be understood as a carrier for realizing the mutual conversion of thermal energy and mechanical energy.
  • the pump can be used as a power source for the working substance, providing power for the flow of the working substance.
  • the working substance can be used as a carrier for heat transfer during the flow process, so that the liquid cooling module can achieve the effect of heat dissipation.
  • the working fluids with visible flow states disclosed in the related art include: water and dyes.
  • the presence of dyes can make the working fluid colorable, so that the flow process of the working fluid can present a flow visualization effect.
  • the colored working fluid can present a flow visualization effect in a larger liquid cooling module.
  • the liquid cooling module used in electronic equipment is small in size (usually the cavity size of the liquid cooling module is usually in the microliter order), and the flow visualization effect of the working fluid disclosed in the related art in the electronic equipment is poor.
  • the present application discloses a liquid cooling module, an electronic device and accessories.
  • the working fluid of the liquid cooling module includes: a first medium and a second phase.
  • the first medium and the second phase may have a liquid interface, and a pump may provide a flow power for the working fluid.
  • the liquid interface of the working fluid moves relative to the cavity, thereby making the working fluid have a flow visualization effect.
  • the first aspect of the present application discloses a liquid cooling module, comprising: a pump, a liquid cooling module and a working fluid.
  • the liquid cooling module comprises: a cavity, and the visible light transmittance of at least a part of the liquid cooling module is greater than or equal to a threshold value; the working fluid is filled in the cavity, and the working fluid comprises: a first medium and a second phase. There is a liquid interface between the second phase and the first medium.
  • the pump is connected to the cavity, and is used to drive the working fluid in the cavity to flow, so that the liquid interface of the working fluid moves relative to the cavity.
  • the pump is connected to the cavity, and the pump can provide the working fluid in the liquid cavity with the power to flow.
  • the liquid interface of the working fluid moves relative to the cavity, so that the working fluid has a flow visualization effect.
  • the working fluid is arranged in the cavity of the liquid cooling module, and the visible light transmittance of at least part of the area of the liquid cooling module is greater than or equal to the threshold value; so that the visualization effect of the working fluid flow can be displayed through the area, that is, the liquid cooling module can achieve a visualization effect.
  • the working fluid can be used as a medium for heat transfer, so that the liquid cooling component can achieve the function of heat dissipation.
  • the working fluid also includes: a demulsifier.
  • the demulsifier is used to destroy the emulsion.
  • the demulsifier with the function of destroying the emulsion can promote the small droplets to aggregate with each other, so that the first medium and the second phase restore the liquid interface.
  • the first medium includes: at least one of water and liquid metal.
  • the first medium includes at least one of water ( H2O ) and liquid metal.
  • H2O and liquid metal have better heat dissipation performance.
  • H2O and liquid metal as the first medium can ensure that the working fluid can achieve better heat dissipation performance, so that the liquid cooling module can achieve good temperature control function.
  • the working fluid further includes: a water-soluble dye, and the solubility of the water-soluble dye in the first medium is greater than the solubility in the second phase.
  • the working fluid includes: a water-soluble dye.
  • the solubility of the water-soluble dye in the first medium is greater than that in the second phase.
  • the introduction of the water-soluble dye can increase the color contrast between the first medium and the second phase, so that the liquid cooling module can have a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 0.1 W/m ⁇ k.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 0.1 W/m ⁇ k.
  • the first medium has a large thermal conductivity, and the first medium per unit length absorbs more heat when the unit temperature changes.
  • the liquid cooling module can achieve better Temperature control function.
  • the specific heat capacity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 1000 J/kg ⁇ ° C.
  • the specific heat capacity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 1000 J/kg ⁇ °C under a 25°C environment.
  • the first medium has a large specific heat capacity, and the first medium absorbs more heat per unit mass when the unit temperature changes, so the liquid cooling module can achieve better temperature control function.
  • the viscosity of the first medium is less than or equal to 50 cp.
  • the viscosity of the first medium is less than or equal to 50cp at 25°C.
  • the first medium has a smaller viscosity, and the resistance encountered during the flow of the first medium is smaller.
  • the first medium can transfer more heat per unit time, and the working medium can achieve better temperature control function.
  • the mass fraction of the first medium is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the mass fraction of the first medium is greater than or equal to 80%, that is, the working fluid contains more first medium, and the first medium has better heat dissipation performance, ensuring that the working fluid can achieve better heat dissipation performance and the liquid cooling module can achieve good temperature control function.
  • the second phase includes: at least one second medium.
  • the second phase includes at least one second medium, and each second medium can form a liquid interface with the first medium, so that the working fluid presents a flow visualization effect.
  • At least two second media are miscible.
  • a liquid interface exists between any two second media.
  • the present invention further includes: an organic dye, wherein the solubility of the organic dye in the second medium is greater than the solubility of the organic dye in the first medium.
  • the working fluid may further include: an organic dye.
  • the solubility of the organic dye in the second medium is greater than that in the first medium.
  • the introduction of the organic dye can increase the color contrast between the first medium and the second phase, so that the working fluid can have a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the working fluid further includes: a drag reducer; the drag reducer is used to reduce the flow resistance of the first medium.
  • the working medium may include: a drag reducer.
  • the drag reducer can reduce the flow resistance of the first medium, so that the working medium transfers more heat per unit time, and the liquid cooling module can achieve good temperature control function.
  • the drag reducer includes: at least one of poly- ⁇ -olefin, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, poly- ⁇ -octene, poly- ⁇ -decene, and cationic polyacrylamide.
  • the above-mentioned drag reducer can reduce the flow resistance of the first medium, and improve the flow rate of the working fluid under the same pump performance.
  • the working fluid transfers more heat per unit time, so that the liquid cooling module can achieve good temperature control function.
  • the relative molecular mass of the drag reducer is greater than or equal to 2*10 5 .
  • the relative molecular mass of the drag reducer can be greater than or equal to 5*10 5 .
  • the drag reducer has a larger relative molecular mass, a longer molecular chain, and greater flexibility.
  • the drag reducer can reduce the flow resistance generated during the flow of the first medium to a greater extent, and improve the flow rate of the working medium under the same pump performance, so that the first medium can transfer more heat per unit time, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the working medium, and ensuring that the liquid cooling module can achieve good temperature control function.
  • the demulsifier includes at least one of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium petroleum sulfonate, cyclopentaneate, polyethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer, organic alcohol, and organic ketone.
  • the demulsifier includes at least one of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium petroleum sulfonate, cyclopentane salt, polyethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer, organic alcohol, and organic ketone.
  • the demulsifier can destroy the emulsion formed by the second phase and the first medium, and then restore the liquid interface between the first medium and the second phase, so that the working fluid has a stable liquid interface, and the liquid cooling module can have a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the molecular structure of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate includes:
  • R includes: a hydrophobic group.
  • the molecular structure of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate includes: (SO 3 Na - ), so that sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate and the first The binding ability of the first medium is stronger than that of the second medium with the first medium.
  • the second medium is dispersed in the first medium in the form of small droplets to form an emulsion
  • the first medium preferentially binds to SO 3 Na - , resulting in a decrease in the thickness of the hydration layer on the surface of the small droplets, and the small droplets tend to aggregate with each other to restore the liquid interface with the first medium.
  • the molecular structure of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate includes: naphthalene ring
  • the naphthalene ring has greater rigidity, which in turn ensures that the demulsifier has greater rigidity.
  • the second phase is emulsified with the first medium, the second phase is dispersed in the first medium in the form of small droplets. Since the demulsifier has greater rigidity, the demulsifier can quickly reach the surface of the small droplets, so that the small droplets can break away from the constraints of the first medium and aggregate into the second phase. That is, the demulsifier has a faster demulsification efficiency, and the working fluid can quickly restore the liquid interface.
  • the molecular structure of the cycloalkaneate includes:
  • the medium n is 3-12.
  • the molecular structure of cycloalkane salts includes: cycloalkyl
  • the cycloalkyl group has greater rigidity, which makes the cycloalkane salt have greater rigidity.
  • the molecular structure of the organic alcohol includes:
  • the molecular structure of the organic alcohol includes: hydroxyl (-OH), and the binding ability of hydroxyl with water is stronger than the binding ability of the second medium with water, so the organic alcohol can be used as a demulsifier.
  • Another molecular structure of the organic alcohol may include: The symmetrical molecular structure makes the demulsifier have greater rigidity, thereby ensuring that the demulsifier has a faster demulsification efficiency and that the emulsified working fluid can quickly restore the liquid interface.
  • the molecular structure of the organic ketone includes: At least one of .
  • Another molecular structure of the organic ketone may include: The symmetrical molecular structure makes the demulsifier have greater rigidity, thereby ensuring that the demulsifier has a faster demulsification efficiency and that the emulsified working fluid can quickly restore the liquid interface.
  • the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the demulsifier is 1-20.
  • the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the demulsifier is 1-20, so that the demulsifier can exist at the liquid interface between the first medium and the second phase.
  • the demulsifier can stabilize the liquid interface and ensure that the liquid cooling module has a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the liquid cooling module includes: a flow channel layer and at least two covering layers, one covering layer is arranged on one side of the flow channel layer, and the other covering layer is arranged on the other side of the flow channel layer, the covering layer and the flow channel layer are arranged to form a cavity, and the visible light transmittance of at least one covering layer is greater than or equal to a threshold value.
  • a difference between a melting temperature of the flow channel layer and a melting temperature of the covering layer is less than or equal to 20°C.
  • the difference between the melting temperature of the covering layer and the melting temperature of the flow channel layer is less than or equal to 20°C.
  • the difference in melting temperature between the covering layer and the covering layer is small, which is conducive to the covering layer and the flow channel layer being sealed into a cavity of an integrated structure through hot pressing, thereby ensuring that the cavity has a better sealing effect.
  • a difference between a thermal expansion coefficient of the flow channel layer and a thermal expansion coefficient of the cover layer is less than or equal to 10*10 -6 /°C.
  • the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the flow channel layer and the thermal expansion coefficient of the covering layer is less than or equal to ⁇ 10*10 -6 /°C.
  • the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the flow channel layer and the thermal expansion coefficient of the covering layer is small, which can reduce the warping of the flow channel layer and the covering layer during the sealing welding process to a certain extent, and ensure that the cavity formed by the covering layer and the flow channel layer has a good sealing effect.
  • the thickness of the covering layer is less than or equal to 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the cover layer is less than or equal to less than 2 mm, which can realize a lightweight liquid cooling module.
  • the cover layer has little shielding on the working fluid, which can realize a liquid cooling module with a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the transparent material includes: at least one of inorganic glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polypropylene, cycloolefin copolymers, polytetramethylpentene, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and butadiene-styrene copolymer.
  • At least a portion of the liquid cooling module is made of transparent material, so that the covering layer has a high visible light transmittance, ensuring that the liquid cooling module can achieve a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material includes:
  • Medium n is between 100 and 200; The medium n is between 100-200.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material contains: ether bond (-O-), which can destroy the conjugated structure of the benzene ring in the molecular structure, so that the transparent material has a higher visible light transmittance, so that the liquid cooling module can achieve a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material includes:
  • Medium n is 240-340; The medium n is between 200-300.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material includes: At least one of the transparent materials has a high visible light transmittance, so that the liquid cooling module can achieve a more significant flow visualization effect.
  • the method further includes: an anti-evaporation layer, the anti-evaporation layer is arranged on the surface of the covering layer, the visible light transmittance of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than or equal to a threshold, and the density of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than the density of the covering layer.
  • an anti-evaporation layer is provided on the surface of the cover layer.
  • the density of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than that of the cover layer, and the anti-evaporation layer can reduce the evaporation loss of the working fluid, thereby ensuring the long-term reliability of the liquid cooling module.
  • the visible light transmittance of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than or equal to the threshold value, thereby ensuring the flow visualization effect of the liquid cooling module.
  • the second aspect of the present application discloses an electronic device, comprising: a shell and the liquid cooling module disclosed in the first aspect; the liquid cooling module is embedded in the shell, and the visible light transmittance of at least part of the shell is greater than or equal to a threshold value, and the area of the shell where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value at least partially overlaps with the area of the liquid cooling module where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value.
  • the third aspect of the present application discloses an accessory, which is suitable for electronic equipment, comprising: an accessory body and the liquid cooling module disclosed in the first aspect, the liquid cooling module is embedded in the accessory body; the area of the accessory body where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value at least partially overlaps with the area of the liquid cooling module where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the battery
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a working medium disclosed in a feasible embodiment (the working medium is filled in the cavity);
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an emulsified working fluid (the working fluid is filled in the cavity);
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a working fluid hanging on the wall (the working fluid is filled in the cavity);
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a liquid cooling module disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG7 is a curve showing the relationship between flow rate and impedance of a liquid cooling module
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a tablet computer disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a laptop computer disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted device disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG12 is a cross-sectional view of a flow display area disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a protective shell disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG14 is an assembly diagram of a wearable device and a wristband disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG15 is an assembly diagram of a tablet computer and a protective case disclosed in a feasible embodiment
  • FIG. 16 is an assembly diagram of a mobile phone and a connector disclosed in a feasible embodiment.
  • Emulsification is the process of evenly dispersing one liquid in the form of tiny droplets throughout another immiscible liquid.
  • Melting temperature The temperature at which melting occurs can also be called the melting point.
  • the coefficient of thermal expansion is the expansion and contraction of an object due to temperature changes. Its ability to change is expressed as the change in length value caused by a unit temperature change under constant pressure (constant p), that is, the coefficient of thermal expansion is expressed in units of 1/degree (°C).
  • Visible light can be understood as light waves with a wavelength of 380nm-760nm.
  • Visible light transmittance is the ratio of the radiant energy that projects through an object to the total radiant energy that projects onto the object.
  • a hydrophilic group is also called a polar group, which is an atomic group that is soluble in water or has an affinity with water.
  • a hydrophobic group (lipophilic group, or oelophilic group) can also be called a non-polar group, which has no affinity for water and is insoluble in water or has extremely low solubility.
  • hydrophilic lipophilic balance can be understood as the comprehensive affinity of the hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in the surfactant (additive) molecules to oil or water.
  • the mass fraction of the medium can be understood as the mass ratio of the medium to the working fluid.
  • the electronic devices involved in the embodiments of the present application may include, but are not limited to, electronic products such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, and wearable devices.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device (mobile phone). It can be seen that the electronic device 1 includes: a housing 20 and an electronic functional component (not shown in the figure).
  • the shell is arranged to form a cavity for accommodating the electronic functional components, and the shell surrounds the electronic functional components to protect the electronic functional components.
  • the electronic device may include: a folding device or a straight device.
  • a folding device or a straight device.
  • the housing 20 of the electronic device may include: a first non-folding portion 21 and a second non-folding portion 22.
  • the first non-folding portion 21 and the second non-folding portion 22 are connected by a folding portion 23.
  • the second non-folding portion 22 can be folded toward the first non-folding portion 21 through the folding portion 23.
  • the second non-folding portion 22 is unfolded with the first non-folding portion 21 through the folding portion 23.
  • the electronic functional components of the electronic device 1 include, but are not limited to: a processor, an internal memory, a charging management module, a power management module, a battery, an antenna, a communication module, a camera, an audio module, a speaker, a receiver, a microphone, a sensor module, a motor, and an indicator, etc.
  • the electronic device 1 may have more or fewer electronic functional components than described above.
  • Various electronic functional components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
  • the electronic functional components release heat when in operation.
  • a liquid cooling module 10 is required to control the temperature rise of the electronic functional components.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the housing 20 to achieve temperature control of the electronic functional components arranged in a defined area of the housing.
  • liquid cooling module 10 is located in the shell 20 (the liquid cooling module 10 is actually invisible in the electronic device 1, and a visible schematic processing is made for ease of understanding.), and the liquid cooling module 10 embedded in the shell can realize temperature control of electronic functional components.
  • the electronic devices involved in the embodiments of the present application may include, but are not limited to: mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices and other electronic products.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the electronic device includes: a housing 20 and an electronic functional component located in the housing 20 ( FIG. (not shown).
  • the electronic device may be a foldable device or a straight device.
  • the housing 20 may include a cavity for accommodating electronic functional components (not shown in the figure).
  • the housing 20 of the folding mobile phone may include: a first non-folding portion 21 and a second non-folding portion 22.
  • the first non-folding portion 21 and the second non-folding portion 22 are connected by a folding portion 23.
  • the second non-folding portion 22 can be folded toward the first non-folding portion 21 through the folding portion 23.
  • the second non-folding portion 22 is unfolded with the first non-folding portion 21 through the folding portion 23.
  • the electronic functional components of the electronic device 1 include, but are not limited to: a processor, an internal memory, a charging management module, a power management module, a battery, an antenna, a communication module, a camera, an audio module, a speaker, a receiver, a microphone, a sensor module, a motor, and an indicator, etc.
  • the electronic device 1 may have more or fewer electronic functional components than described above.
  • Various electronic functional components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
  • the electronic functional components release heat when in operation.
  • a liquid cooling module 10 is required to control the temperature rise of the electronic functional components.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is located between the housing 20 and the electronic functional component to achieve temperature control of the electronic functional component.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is located on the side of the housing 20 adjacent to the electronic functional component.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 can achieve temperature control of the electronic functional component.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 can be used as a part of the electronic functional component packaging to achieve temperature control of the electronic functional component.
  • the battery 30 may include a protective plate 31, a tray 32, a battery cell 33 and a liquid cooling module 10 stacked in sequence.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 can achieve temperature control of the battery.
  • the temperature control function of the liquid cooling module 10 is described below:
  • the liquid cooling module 10 may include: a liquid cooling module 100, a pump 200 and a working medium (not shown in the figure).
  • the working medium is filled in the cavity of the liquid cooling module 100.
  • the pump 200 is connected to the cavity of the liquid cooling module 100.
  • the pump 200 can serve as a power source for the working medium in the liquid cooling module 100 to provide power for the flow of the working medium.
  • the working fluid can act as a carrier of heat transfer, taking the heat away from the electronic functional components, thereby achieving temperature control of the electronic functional components.
  • the cavity of the liquid-cooling module 100 provides a flow track/place for the flow of the working fluid, so in the embodiment of the present application, the cavity of the liquid-cooling module 100 can be called a flow channel.
  • the pump 200 can adopt a miniature piezoelectric liquid pump.
  • the miniature piezoelectric liquid pump has an amplitude of ⁇ 50um, is ultra-thin, small in size, simple in structure, has high pressure and low flow, no electromagnetic interference, and has low working noise. It can realize precise fluid delivery and control, and is particularly suitable for electronic devices such as mobile phones, watches, and accessories.
  • Some related technologies prepare the flow of the working fluid into a visual effect, which can realize a flow display area with a sense of technology.
  • the flow display area can play the role of identifying the device or beautifying the shell to enhance the user's experience of using the electronic device.
  • the method for realizing visualization of the working fluid flow in the liquid cooling module 10 is: a transparent liquid cooling module 100 is matched with a working fluid with flow visualization, that is, a light-transmitting treatment is performed in the area of the shell 20 where the flow visualization effect needs to be displayed, so that the visualization effect of the working fluid arranged inside the shell can be displayed, and a flow visualization area with a sense of technology is formed in the area with light-transmitting treatment.
  • the working fluids with visible flow states disclosed in the related art include: water and dyes. Since the presence of the dyes can make the working fluid colorful, the flow process of the working fluid can present a flow visualization effect.
  • the colored working fluid can present a flow visualization effect in a larger liquid cooling module 10.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 used in electronic equipment is relatively small in size (usually the cavity size of the liquid cooling module 10 is generally in the microliter order), and the flow visualization effect of the working fluid disclosed in the related art in the electronic equipment is relatively poor.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application discloses a working medium.
  • the working medium 300 includes: a first medium 301 and a second phase 302. There is a liquid interface A between the first medium 301 and the second phase 302. During the movement of the working medium, the liquid interface A will move relative to the cavity B used to accommodate the working medium, so that the working medium 300 has a flow visualization effect.
  • the working fluid disclosed in the embodiment of the present application includes: a first medium.
  • the first medium has a better heat dissipation performance, which ensures that the working fluid can To achieve better temperature control function; on the other hand, the first medium needs to form a liquid interface with the second phase to ensure that the working fluid can achieve flow visualization function.
  • the mass fraction of the first medium in the working fluid is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the mass fraction of the first medium in the working fluid may include: 85%, 90%, 95%, etc.
  • the mass fraction of the first medium in the working fluid is greater than or equal to 80%, that is, the working fluid contains more first medium (the first medium has better heat dissipation performance), ensuring that the working fluid can achieve better heat dissipation performance, the working fluid absorbs more heat when changing unit temperature, and the working fluid can achieve better temperature control function.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of medium included in the first medium. Any medium that has good heat dissipation performance and can form a liquid interface with the second phase can be used as the first medium in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first medium may include: water (H 2 O), liquid metal, etc.
  • H 2 O and liquid metal have better heat dissipation performance.
  • H 2 O and liquid metal as the first medium can enable the working medium to achieve better heat dissipation performance and ensure that the working medium can achieve better temperature control function.
  • the working fluid in the embodiment of the present application may also include: water-soluble salt.
  • the solution formed by the water-soluble salt and water (the first medium) may be referred to as a salt solution.
  • the salt solution may include anions and cations. Both anions and cations have strong hydrophilic properties, so that anions can form hydrated anions with H 2 O, and cations can form hydrated cations with H 2 O. That is, H 2 O tends to combine with cations/anions.
  • the working fluid disclosed in this implementation has a stable liquid interface, and the liquid cooling module using the working fluid can have a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the color of the above-mentioned salt solution.
  • the salt solution can be a colorless solution.
  • the colorless solution may include: H 2 O (solvent) and colorless salt (solute).
  • the colorless salt may be understood as a salt whose aqueous solution is colorless.
  • Exemplary: colorless salt may include but is not limited to: sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) solution, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO 3 ) 4 ), etc.
  • the salt solution may include: a colored solution.
  • the colored solution may include: H 2 O and a colored salt.
  • the colored salt may be understood as a salt that develops color in an aqueous solution.
  • the colored salt may include, but is not limited to: copper sulfate (CuSO 4 ), copper chloride (CuCl 2 ), copper nitrate (Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ), ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ), ferrous chloride (FeCl 2 ), ferrous nitrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 2 ), ferrous sulfate (Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), ferric nitrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), cobalt chloride (CoCl 2 ⁇ n(H 2 O)), cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ), cobalt nitrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 ), nickel chloride (N
  • the colored salt can change the color of the first medium. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the colored salt can also be referred to as a water-soluble dye or an inorganic dye.
  • the working fluid includes: a water-soluble dye.
  • the solubility of the water-soluble dye in the first medium is greater than that in the second phase.
  • the water-soluble dye can make the first medium colorable.
  • the introduction of the water-soluble dye can make the first medium and the second phase have a large color contrast, so that the working fluid can have a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the performance of the first medium is further described below:
  • Heat dissipation performance can be understood as the amount of heat absorbed or released by a medium when the medium changes unit temperature. The better the heat dissipation performance of the medium, the more heat the medium absorbs or releases when the medium changes unit temperature, and the more significant the temperature control effect of the medium.
  • Thermal conductivity can be understood as the amount of heat transferred when the temperature difference between the two sides of a medium (area: 1m2 , thickness: 1m) is 1°C (or K) under stable heat transfer conditions (e.g. constant pressure P, constant temperature T).
  • P constant pressure
  • T constant temperature
  • the thermal conductivity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 0.1 W/m ⁇ K.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first medium may be 0.1 W/m ⁇ K, 0.2 W/m ⁇ K, 0.3 W/m ⁇ K, etc.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first medium is not a fixed value. Temperature will affect the thermal conductivity of the first medium. Specifically, an increase in temperature will intensify the molecular thermal motion of the first medium, so that the heat transfer medium can transfer more heat, that is, the thermal conductivity of the first medium will increase as the temperature increases. Unless otherwise specified, the thermal conductivity involved in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the thermal conductivity of the first medium at 25°C.
  • the thermal conductivity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 0.1 W/m ⁇ k at 25° C.
  • the first medium has a large thermal conductivity, and the first medium per unit length absorbs more heat when the unit temperature changes, so the working fluid can achieve better temperature control function.
  • Specific heat capacity can be understood as the heat capacity of the first medium per unit mass. The higher the specific heat capacity of the first medium, the more heat the first medium per unit mass absorbs when the unit temperature changes, and the more significant the temperature control function of the corresponding working fluid.
  • the specific heat capacity of the first medium is affected by temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the specific heat capacity involved in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the specific heat capacity of the first medium at 25°C.
  • the specific heat capacity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 1000 J/kg ⁇ °C in an environment of 25°C.
  • the specific heat capacity of the first medium can be: 1000 J/kg ⁇ °C, 1500 J/kg ⁇ °C, 1500 J/kg ⁇ °C, etc.
  • the specific heat capacity of the first medium is greater than or equal to 1000 J/kg ⁇ °C under a 25°C environment.
  • the first medium has a large specific heat capacity, and the first medium absorbs more heat per unit mass when the unit temperature changes, so the working medium can achieve better temperature control function.
  • Viscosity can be understood as the resistance of the first medium to flow. Specifically applied to the embodiment of the present application, the smaller the viscosity of the first medium, the smaller the resistance encountered by the first medium during flow, the more heat the first medium transfers per unit time, and the more significant the temperature control function of the working fluid.
  • the viscosity of the first medium is affected by temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the viscosity involved in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the viscosity of the first medium at 25°C.
  • the viscosity of the first medium may be less than or equal to 50 cp at 25° C.
  • the viscosity of the first medium may be 50 cp, 40 cp, 30 cp, 20 cp, 10 cp, and the like.
  • the viscosity of the first medium is less than or equal to 50cp at 25°C.
  • the first medium has a smaller viscosity, and the resistance encountered during the flow of the first medium is smaller.
  • the first medium can transfer more heat per unit time, and the working medium can achieve better temperature control function.
  • the working fluid disclosed in the embodiment of the present application also includes: a second phase.
  • the second phase is used to form a liquid interface with the first medium, so that the working medium can achieve a flow visualization effect.
  • the medium included in the second phase can be referred to as the second medium.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the second medium.
  • Any medium that can form a liquid interface with the first medium can be used as the second medium in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the second medium can include, but is not limited to: hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, fluorinated liquids, quicksand oil, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the number of the second medium contained in the second phase.
  • the number of the second medium contained in the second phase can be: 1, 2, 3, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the dissolution conditions of the second media with each other.
  • At least two second media are miscible.
  • the second phase may include: hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds, wherein the hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds are mutually soluble and may form a homogeneous phase (second phase).
  • the second phase may include hydrocarbons, heteroatom compounds and quicksand oil.
  • the hydrocarbons and heteroatom compounds may be miscible to form a mixed organic liquid.
  • a liquid interface is formed between the quicksand oil and the mixed organic liquid (immiscible).
  • a liquid interface exists between any two second media.
  • the second phase may include: fluorinated liquid and quicksand oil.
  • the fluorinated liquid and quicksand oil may form a liquid interface.
  • the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon may include:
  • the stability of the liquid interface is related to the solubility of the second medium in the first medium, specifically, the larger the relative molecular mass of the second medium, the lower the solubility of hydrocarbons in the first medium, the more stable the liquid interface between the second medium and the first medium, and the more stable the visualization effect of the working fluid flow.
  • n in CH 3 —(CH 2 ) n —CH 3 can be greater than or equal to 5.
  • n in CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 is greater than or equal to 5
  • the solubility of hydrocarbons in the first medium is relatively small, and the hydrocarbons and the first medium can form a stable liquid interface, ensuring that the working fluid can achieve a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the stability of the liquid interface is related to the boiling point of the second medium, specifically, the larger the relative molecular mass of the second medium, the higher the boiling point of the second medium, the better the thermal stability of the second medium, the more stable the liquid interface between the second medium and the first medium, and the more stable the visualization effect of the working fluid flow.
  • n in CH 3 —(CH 2 ) n —CH 3 can be greater than or equal to 5.
  • n in CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 is greater than or equal to 5, the boiling point of hydrocarbons is relatively high, and the hydrocarbons and the first medium can form a stable liquid interface, ensuring that the working fluid can have a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the heat dissipation performance of the second medium is related to the viscosity of the second medium, specifically, the smaller the relative molecular mass of the second medium is, the lower the viscosity of the second medium is, and the better the heat dissipation performance of the second medium is.
  • n may be less than or equal to 11.
  • n in CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 is less than or equal to 11
  • the hydrocarbon has a smaller viscosity
  • the working fluid containing the hydrocarbon encounters less resistance during flow
  • the working fluid transfers more heat per unit time
  • the working fluid can achieve better temperature control function.
  • n in CH 3 -(CH 2 ) n -CH 3 can be 5-11.
  • n can be greater than or equal to 5.
  • n can be less than or equal to 11.
  • n can be between 5-11.
  • n can be greater than or equal to 0.
  • n can be less than or equal to 5.
  • n can be between 0 and 5.
  • n can be greater than or equal to 0.
  • n can be less than or equal to 5.
  • n can be in the range of 0-5 to take into account both the visual effect of stable flow of the working fluid and the better temperature control function.
  • the molecular structure of the heteroatom compound may include:
  • the molecular structure of the heteroatom compound (second medium) includes: a benzene ring
  • the benzene ring has greater rigidity, which in turn makes the heteroatom compound have greater rigidity.
  • the working fluid may further include: an organic dye.
  • the solubility of the organic dye in the second medium is greater than the solubility of the organic dye in the first medium.
  • the introduction of the organic dye can increase the color contrast between the first medium and the second phase, so that the working fluid can have a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the working fluid may also include: a demulsifier.
  • the demulsifier can destroy the emulsion, thereby restoring the liquid interface between the first medium and the second phase, so that the working fluid has a stable liquid interface, so that the working fluid can have a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the demulsifier, and any auxiliary agent that can destroy the emulsion formed by the second phase and the first medium can be used as a demulsifier in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the demulsifier may include sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium petroleum sulfonate, naphthenate, polyethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer, organic alcohol, organic ketone, etc.
  • the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of the demulsifier is between 1 and 20, so that the demulsifier can exist at the liquid interface between the first medium and the second phase, stabilizing the liquid interface and allowing the working fluid to have a stable flow visualization effect.
  • the molecular structure of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate includes:
  • R is a hydrophobic group.
  • the hydrophobic group may include: cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, etc.
  • substitution positions of R and sulfonic acid group (SO 3 Na - ) in sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate are shown for example only, and the above substitution positions are not limiting.
  • SO 3 Na - can be substituted with naphthalene ring.
  • R can be connected to C5, C6, or C8 on the naphthalene ring.
  • the molecular structure of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate includes: (SO 3 Na - ), so that the binding ability of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate to the first medium is stronger than the binding ability of the second medium to the first medium.
  • the second medium is dispersed in the first medium in the form of small droplets to form an emulsion
  • the first medium preferentially binds to SO 3 Na - , resulting in a decrease in the thickness of the hydration layer on the surface of the small droplets, and the small droplets tend to aggregate with each other to form a second phase, thereby restoring the liquid interface between the first medium and the second phase.
  • the molecular structure of sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate includes a naphthalene ring.
  • the naphthalene ring has greater rigidity, which in turn ensures that the demulsifier has greater rigidity.
  • the second phase is emulsified with the first medium, the second phase is dispersed in the first medium in the form of small droplets. Since the demulsifier has greater rigidity, the demulsifier can reach the surface of the small droplets more quickly, so that the small droplets can break away from the constraints of the first medium and aggregate into the second phase, that is, the demulsifier has a faster demulsification efficiency, and the working fluid can quickly restore the liquid interface.
  • the demulsification efficiency of the demulsifier is related to the rigidity of the demulsifier, specifically, the more carbon atoms in the main chain of the demulsifier, the longer the molecular chain of the demulsifier, the weaker the rigidity of the demulsifier, and the lower the demulsification efficiency of the demulsifier.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the main chain of R is less than or equal to 8.
  • the stability of the cold working fluid flow visualization effect is related to the boiling point of the demulsifier, specifically, the larger the relative molecular mass of the demulsifier, the higher the boiling point of the demulsifier, the better the stability of the demulsifier, the more stable the liquid interface between the second phase and the first medium, and the more stable the working fluid flow visualization effect.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the main chain of R is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the main chain of R is 1-8.
  • the molecular structure of cyclopentaneate includes:
  • the molecular structure includes: cycloalkyl
  • the cycloalkyl group has greater rigidity, so that the demulsifier can have greater rigidity, and the demulsifier can reach the surface of the small droplets faster to achieve the demulsification function, that is, the demulsifier has a faster demulsification efficiency, and the working fluid can quickly restore the liquid interface.
  • n can be greater than or equal to 3 to ensure It has a higher boiling point, thus ensuring that the working fluid has a stable liquid junction interface.
  • n can be less than or equal to 12 to ensure It has greater rigidity, thereby ensuring that the working fluid has a stable liquid interface.
  • n can be between 3 and 12.
  • the molecular structure of the organic alcohol includes: At least one of .
  • the molecular structure of the organic alcohol includes: hydroxyl (-OH), and the binding ability of hydroxyl with water is stronger than the binding ability of the second medium with water. Therefore, the organic alcohol can be used as a demulsifier in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the molecular structure of the organic alcohol may include: wait.
  • the symmetrical molecular structure makes the organic alcohol more rigid, thereby ensuring that the demulsifier has a faster demulsification efficiency.
  • the molecular structure of the organic ketone includes: wait.
  • the molecular structure of the organic ketone includes: They all have symmetrical molecular structures, which makes the organic ketone (demulsifier) have greater rigidity, thereby ensuring that the working fluid has a stable liquid interface.
  • n can be greater than or equal to 2
  • m can be greater than or equal to 4, to ensure It has a higher boiling point, thus ensuring that the working fluid has a stable flow visualization effect.
  • n can be less than or equal to 6
  • m can be less than or equal to 10, so that It has greater rigidity, thus ensuring that the working fluid has a stable flow visualization effect.
  • n can be between 2 and 6
  • m can be between 4 and 10.
  • the first medium includes water
  • the working fluid there may be a problem with the injection of the working fluid, causing the working fluid to adhere to the inner wall of the cavity.
  • the water in the working fluid has a large surface tension, which makes it difficult for the working fluid to infiltrate the inner wall of the cavity, and the working fluid adheres to the inner wall of the cavity, i.e., a phenomenon of wall hanging occurs.
  • FIG. 5 it can be seen that the working fluid 300 adheres to the inner wall of the inner wall B of the cavity.
  • the working fluid can also include: drag-reducing additive.
  • the drag reducer can reduce the flow resistance of the first medium, so that the working fluid transfers more heat per unit time, and the working fluid can achieve better temperature control function.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the types of additives contained in the drag reducer.
  • Any additive that can reduce the flow resistance of the first medium can be used as a drag reducer in the working fluid disclosed in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the drag reducer can reduce the surface tension of the first medium, improve the wetting performance of the first medium on the inner wall of the cavity, and play a role in alleviating the wall adhesion of the working fluid.
  • the drag reducing agent may include: poly- ⁇ -olefin, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, poly- ⁇ -octene, poly- ⁇ -decene, cationic polyacrylamide, and the like.
  • the heat dissipation performance of the cold working medium is related to the flexibility of the drag reducer, specifically, the larger the relative molecular mass of the drag reducer, the longer the molecular chain of the drag reducer, the better the flexibility of the drag reducer, the more significant the drag reducer is in reducing the flow resistance of the first medium, and the better the heat dissipation performance of the working medium.
  • the relative molecular mass of the drag reducer may be greater than or equal to 2*10 5 .
  • the relative molecular mass of the drag reducer may include: 5*10 5 , 1*10 6 , 5*10 6 and the like.
  • the relative molecular mass of the drag reducer can be greater than or equal to 5*10 5 .
  • the drag reducer has a larger relative molecular mass, a longer molecular chain, and greater flexibility.
  • the drag reducer can reduce the flow resistance generated during the flow of the first medium to a greater extent.
  • the first medium can transfer more heat per unit time, and the heat dissipation performance of the working fluid is better.
  • the present application also discloses a liquid cooling module.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 includes a pump 200 , a liquid cooling module 100 , and a working medium (not shown in the figure).
  • the working medium is filled in the cavity 110 of the liquid cooling module 100
  • the pump 200 is connected to the cavity 110 of the liquid cooling module.
  • the pump 200 may include: a pump base 210 and a piezoelectric component 220 connected to the pump base 210.
  • the pump base 210 is provided with a pump liquid inlet 211 and a pump liquid outlet 212 .
  • the liquid-cooling module 100 is provided with a liquid-cooling outlet 111 and a liquid-cooling inlet 112.
  • the liquid-cooling outlet 111 is used to communicate with the pump inlet 211
  • the liquid-cooling inlet 112 is used to communicate with the pump outlet 212.
  • Part of the liquid-cooling module 100 around the liquid-cooling outlet 111 and part of the pump base 210 around the pump inlet 211 form a sealing structure to achieve communication between the liquid-cooling outlet 111 and the pump inlet 211.
  • Part of the liquid-cooling module 100 around the liquid-cooling inlet 112 and part of the pump base 210 around the pump outlet 212 form a sealing structure to achieve communication between the liquid-cooling inlet 112 and the pump outlet 212, that is, to achieve communication between the pump base 210 and the cavity 110 of the liquid-cooling module.
  • the liquid cooling outlet 111 is used to communicate with the pump inlet 211, which does not mean that the liquid cooling outlet 111 and the pump inlet 211 are always connected, but only indicates that under certain conditions, the working fluid can flow from the liquid cooling outlet 111 to the pump inlet 211.
  • the relationship between the liquid cooling inlet 112 and the pump outlet 212 is similar.
  • the pump 200 (the pump base 210 therein) in the liquid cooling module 10 disclosed in the present implementation is connected to the cavity 110 of the liquid cooling module, and the pump 200 can be used as a power source to provide flow power for the working medium 300 in the cavity of the liquid cooling module 100.
  • the working medium 300 can be used as a medium for heat transfer during the flow process, so that the liquid cooling module 100 can achieve a long-lasting heat dissipation effect.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the connection method between a part of the liquid cooling module on the side of the liquid cooling outlet 111 and a part of the pump base on the side of the pump inlet 211 .
  • part of the liquid cooling module around the liquid cooling outlet 111 and part of the pump base around the pump inlet 211 are integrated structures
  • part of the liquid cooling module around the liquid cooling inlet 112 and part of the pump base around the pump outlet 212 are integrated structures.
  • the formation of an integrated structure means that there is no continuous interface between the two due to mutual fusion and penetration, and the surrounding side of the liquid cooling outlet refers to the adjacent area around the liquid cooling outlet.
  • a part of the liquid cooling module on the side of the liquid cooling outlet 111 and a part of the pump base on the side of the pump inlet 211 are separated.
  • the part of the liquid cooling module on the side of the liquid cooling outlet 111 and the part of the pump base on the side of the pump inlet 211 can be connected by screw fixing, high temperature adhesive bonding, UV adhesive light curing bonding, hot press bonding sealing welding, hot melt welding, ultrasonic welding, ultra-frequency welding, etc.
  • the part of the liquid cooling module on the side of the liquid cooling inlet 112 and the part of the pump base on the side of the pump outlet 212 can be a split structure, and the above method can be used to connect the part of the liquid cooling module on the side of the liquid cooling inlet 112 and the part of the pump base on the side of the pump outlet 212.
  • the surface energy difference between the part of the liquid cooling module 100 around the liquid cooling outlet 111 and the part of the pump base 210 around the pump inlet 211 is less than or equal to 5mN/m.
  • the surface energy difference between the part of the liquid cooling module 100 around the liquid cooling outlet 111 and the part of the pump base 210 around the pump inlet 211 is less than or equal to 5 mN/m.
  • the surface energy difference between the liquid cooling module 100 and the pump base 210 is small. The stress of the liquid cooling module 100 and the pump base 210 during bending can be well released, so that the liquid cooling module 100 and the pump base 210 have a higher elongation at break.
  • the surface energy difference between a portion of the liquid cooling module 100 around the liquid cooling inlet 112 and a portion of the pump base 210 around the pump outlet 212 is less than or equal to 5 mN/m.
  • the liquid-cooled module 100 has a cavity 110 inside.
  • the working fluid is filled in the cavity 110 of the liquid-cooled module.
  • the working fluid adopts the working fluid disclosed in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the working fluid may include: a first medium and a second phase. There is a liquid interface between the first medium and the second phase. When the working fluid moves under the drive of the pump, the liquid interface of the working fluid will move relative to the cavity, so that the working fluid can show a flow visualization effect.
  • the visible light transmittance of at least part of the area of the liquid cooling module 100 is greater than or equal to the threshold value, so that the flow visualization effect of the working fluid 300 can be displayed through the liquid cooling module 100 in this area, that is, the liquid cooling module 10 can achieve a visualization effect.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the value of the above threshold.
  • the threshold may be 70%, 80%, 90%, etc.
  • At least part of the liquid cooling module 100 can be made of transparent material so that at least part of the liquid cooling module 100 has a large visible light transmittance, so that the liquid cooling module can achieve a significant visualization effect.
  • the transparent material can be understood as a material whose visible light transmittance in the wavelength band of 380nm-760nm is greater than a threshold value.
  • transparent materials may include: inorganic glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polypropylene (PP), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), polytetramethylpentene (PMP), Polyimide (PI), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (AS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), butadiene-styrene copolymer (BS), etc.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PP polypropylene
  • COC cycloolefin copolymer
  • PMP polytetramethylpentene
  • PMP Polyimide
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • the transparent material disclosed in this implementation has a large visible light transmittance, and the liquid cooling module 100 formed using the above material has a large visible light transmittance (in some implementations, the visible light transmittance of the liquid cooling module 100 can reach more than 90%), so that the liquid cooling module 10 can achieve a significant flow visualization effect.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material may include but is not limited to:
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material contains: ether bond (-O-), the ether bond can destroy the conjugated structure of the benzene ring in the molecular structure, so that the transparent material has a higher visible light transmittance.
  • the liquid cooling module 100 has a higher visible light transmittance, ensuring that the liquid cooling module 10 can achieve a significant flow visualization effect.
  • thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the liquid cooling module 100 are related to the relative molecular weight of the transparent material, the greater the relative molecular weight of the transparent material, the better the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the transparent material.
  • n may be greater than or equal to 100, so that the molecular structure includes The transparent material has good thermodynamic properties and mechanical properties. This ensures that the liquid-coated cooling module 100 obtained from the transparent material has good thermodynamic properties and mechanical properties.
  • the visible light transmittance of the liquid cooling module 100 is related to the number of conjugated structures in the molecular structure of the transparent material.
  • the conjugated structure has a charge transfer complex (CTC) effect between molecules and within molecules, causing the transparent material to show color. Therefore, the more conjugated structures are included in the molecular structure of the transparent material, the lower the visible light transmittance of the transparent material.
  • CTC charge transfer complex
  • n may be less than or equal to 200, so that the molecular structure includes The transparent material has a high visible light transmittance, thereby ensuring that the liquid cooling module 100 obtained from the transparent material has a high visible light transmittance, ensuring that the liquid cooling module 100 can exhibit a significant flow visualization effect.
  • n is between 100 and 200.
  • the n in can be greater than or equal to 100. As a feasible implementation method, The n in can be less than or equal to 200. As a feasible implementation method, The n in can be between 100-200.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material may include: wait.
  • the molecular structure of the transparent material includes: Transparent materials have fewer conjugated structures, so they have higher visible light transmittance. Therefore, the liquid cooling module can achieve a more significant flow visualization effect.
  • the thermal and mechanical properties of the liquid cooling module 100 are related to the relative molecular weight of the transparent material, the greater the relative molecular weight of the transparent material, the better the thermal and mechanical properties of the liquid cooling module 100 formed of the transparent material.
  • n is greater than or equal to 200, so that the molecular structure includes The transparent material has good thermodynamic properties and mechanical properties. This ensures that the liquid cooling module 100 obtained from the transparent material has good thermodynamic properties and mechanical properties.
  • the bending performance of the liquid cooling module 100 is related to the distribution of the substituents in the transparent material, specifically, the greater the density of the substituents in the molecular structure, the worse the flexibility of the transparent material, and accordingly, the worse the bending performance of the liquid cooling module 100 and the liquid cooling module 10 formed by the transparent material.
  • n is less than or equal to 300.
  • n is less than or equal to 300, and the bulky substituents distributed in transparent materials The density of the large-volume substituents distributed in the transparent material is relatively small, and the transparent material has better flexibility.
  • the liquid-cooling module 100 formed by the transparent material has better flexibility, ensuring that the liquid-cooling module 10 has better bending performance.
  • the medium n is between 200-300.
  • the n in can be greater than or equal to 240. As a feasible implementation method, The n in can be less than or equal to 340. As a feasible implementation method, The n in can be between 240-340.
  • the above embodiment involves using transparent materials to form the liquid cooling module 100, which can be understood as the transparent material forming at least a portion of the liquid cooling module 100 so that at least a portion of the liquid cooling module 100 has a higher visible light transmittance.
  • the liquid cooling module 100 may include: a cover layer 120, a flow channel layer 130, and a cover layer 140 arranged in sequence.
  • the cover layer 120 is arranged on one side of the flow channel layer 130, and the cover layer 140 is arranged on the other side of the flow channel layer 130.
  • the cover layer 120, the flow channel layer 130, and the cover layer 140 are arranged to form a cavity 110.
  • one of the cover layers 120 is referred to as the top cover layer 120; the other cover layer 140 is referred to as the bottom cover layer 140.
  • the flow channel layer 130 includes: at least one rigid substrate 131.
  • the rigid substrate 131 is disposed between the top cover layer 120 and the bottom cover layer 140 to support the top cover layer 120 and the bottom cover layer 140.
  • the rigid substrate 131 is also used to separate the flow channel of the cavity 110 into at least one liquid inlet channel 1101 and at least one liquid outlet channel 1102.
  • the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102 are formed by the rigid substrate 131, the top cover layer 120 and the bottom cover layer 140.
  • the liquid inlet channel 1101 is connected to the liquid cooling inlet 112, and the liquid outlet channel 1102 is connected to the liquid cooling outlet 111.
  • the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102 are separated by the rigid substrate 131, which is conducive to preventing the cooling medium in the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102 from mixing and affecting the heat dissipation effect.
  • the top cover layer 120, the rigid substrate 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 can be an integrated structure, so that the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102 formed by the top cover layer 120, the rigid substrate 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 have a good sealing effect, avoiding the occurrence of liquid (working medium 300) leakage problems.
  • the top cover layer 120, the rigid base 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 are an integrated structure
  • the top cover layer 120, the rigid base 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 are all made of transparent materials so that the liquid cooling module can achieve a flowable visualization effect.
  • the top cover layer 120, the rigid substrate 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 can be a split structure.
  • the top cover layer 120, the rigid substrate 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 can be connected by screw fixing, high temperature adhesive bonding, UV adhesive light curing bonding, hot pressing bonding sealing welding, hot melt welding, ultrasonic welding, ultra-frequency welding and other methods.
  • the top cover layer 120, the rigid substrate 131 and the bottom cover layer 140 can be made of the same or different materials. However, it is necessary to ensure that at least one of the top cover layer 120 and the bottom cover layer 140 is made of a transparent material.
  • the difference between the melting temperature of the covering layer (120, 140) and the melting temperature of the rigid substrate 131 is less than or equal to 20° C.
  • the difference between the melting temperatures of the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 is small, which is conducive to the forming of an integrated structure of the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 by sealing welding, thereby improving the sealing effect of the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102.
  • Sealing welding may include high temperature connection methods such as pressure bonding sealing welding, hot melt welding, ultrasonic welding, and ultra-wave welding without solder paste. Hot pressing sealing is usually performed in a high temperature environment. If the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 is large, the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 will warp, reducing the sealing effect of the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102 surrounded by the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131.
  • the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the covering layer (120, 140) and the thermal expansion coefficient of the rigid substrate 131 is less than or equal to ⁇ 10* 10-6 /(°C).
  • the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the covering layer (120, 140) and the thermal expansion coefficient of the rigid substrate 131 is less than or equal to ⁇ 10*10 -6 /°C.
  • the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient of the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 is small, and can be The warping of the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 during the sealing welding process is reduced to a certain extent, thereby ensuring that the liquid inlet channel 1101 and the liquid outlet channel 1102 surrounded by the covering layer (120, 140) and the rigid substrate 131 have a good sealing effect.
  • the thickness of the cover layer (120, 140) is less than 2 mm. In this implementation, the thickness of the cover layer (120, 140) is less than or equal to less than 2 mm.
  • a lightweight liquid cooling module 10 can be realized.
  • a liquid cooling module 10 with a significant flow visualization effect can be realized.
  • an anti-evaporation layer is provided on the surface of the covering layer (120, 140).
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the position of the anti-evaporation layer.
  • the anti-evaporation layer can be provided on the side of the covering layer (120, 140) adjacent to the working fluid.
  • the anti-evaporation layer can be provided on the side of the covering layer (120, 140) away from the working fluid.
  • the density of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than the density of the covering layer.
  • the provision of the anti-evaporation layer can increase the difficulty for the working fluid to escape from the cavity, that is, the anti-evaporation layer plays a role in reducing the evaporation loss of the working fluid.
  • the visible light transmittance of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than or equal to a threshold value to ensure the flow visualization effect of the liquid cooling module.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the material used in the anti-evaporation layer. Any material that can prevent the evaporation loss of the working fluid can be used as the material of the anti-evaporation layer in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the material used in the anti-evaporation layer may include: at least one of a polyimide layer, a polyvinylidene chloride layer, or a metal film layer.
  • an anti-evaporation layer is provided on the surface of the cover layer (120, 140).
  • the anti-evaporation layer can prevent the evaporation loss of the working fluid, thereby ensuring the long-term reliability of the liquid cooling module.
  • the visible light transmittance of the anti-evaporation layer is greater than or equal to the threshold value, thereby ensuring the flow visualization effect of the liquid cooling module.
  • the working fluid disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can have a smaller impedance (flow resistance) and a larger flow rate when applied in a liquid cooling module, thereby having a stronger heat exchange capacity and an equivalent thermal conductivity.
  • Figure 7 is a relationship curve between the flow rate Q and the impedance P (in Pa) of the liquid cooling module.
  • curve C is the pressure-flow curve of the pump in the liquid cooling system, that is, the P-Q curve.
  • Curve A is the impedance-flow P-Q data of the working fluid (the first medium is water) disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, and the intersection with curve C is the impedance-flow value in actual application, the working point impedance is ⁇ 37000KPa, and the flow rate is ⁇ 1.8ml/min;
  • Curve B is the impedance-flow P-Q data using the working fluid (fluorinated liquid plus quicksand oil), and the intersection with curve C is the impedance-flow value in actual application, the working point impedance is ⁇ 60000KPa, and the flow rate is ⁇ 1.2ml/min. It can be seen that for the same pump and the same liquid cooling module, the mixed working fluid disclosed in the embodiment of the present application has smaller viscosity and impedance, higher flow rate and flow velocity, and thus has a lower temperature difference and a higher equivalent thermal conductivity.
  • the experimental conditions are:
  • the working fluid disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is applied to a liquid cooling module (the total thickness of the liquid cooling module is 0.2 mm).
  • the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the liquid cooling module is approximately 3.7°C, and the equivalent thermal conductivity is equivalent to that of a VC (Vapor Chamber) heat spreader or heat pipe for two-phase heat exchange, >5000 W/m-K, which is much higher than the conventional thermal conductivity of copper, aluminum and natural graphite ( ⁇ 800 W/m-K).
  • the working fluid fluorinated liquid plus quicksand oil
  • the liquid cooling module (the total thickness of the liquid cooling module is 0.2mm).
  • the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the liquid cooling module is approximately 14°C.
  • the working fluid fluorinated liquid plus quicksand oil
  • the liquid cooling module (the total thickness of the liquid cooling module is 0.33mm).
  • the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the liquid cooling module is approximately 8.3°C.
  • liquid cooling module disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is further described below with reference to specific examples.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the second phase includes: fluorinated liquid and heat transfer oil. Both the fluorinated liquid and the heat transfer oil can form a liquid interface with water, so that the flow state of the working fluid has a visual effect.
  • the working fluid also includes: inorganic dye reactive brilliant orange. Reactive brilliant orange can be dissolved in water, so that the first medium is colored, thereby enhancing the contrast between the first medium and the second phase, so that the visualization effect of the working fluid flow is enhanced.
  • the working fluid is encapsulated in the cavity of the liquid cooling module 100, and the liquid cooling module 100 uses a transparent material COC.
  • the liquid cooling module 100 has a high visible light transmittance. The visual effect of the working fluid flow can be displayed through the liquid cooling module 100.
  • the liquid cooling module disclosed in the first embodiment has a flow visualization effect.
  • the first medium includes water with better heat dissipation performance, which ensures that the liquid cooling membrane group has excellent heat dissipation capacity. After running in the presence of a 50°C heat source, the temperature difference at each point of the liquid cooling membrane group is less than 5°C.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the micro pump liquid cooling module disclosed in the second embodiment has the same components as the liquid cooling module disclosed in the first embodiment, and each component has similar components.
  • the first medium in the liquid cooling module disclosed in the second embodiment also includes: liquid metal: Since liquid metal is a good conductor of heat, the heat dissipation capacity of the first medium containing liquid metal is further improved. Therefore, the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling module disclosed in the second embodiment is further improved.
  • the liquid cooling module disclosed in the third embodiment has a flow visualization effect and excellent heat dissipation capability.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • a fluorocarbon surfactant is added to the working fluid, and the fluorocarbon surfactant can reduce the surface tension of the first medium, thereby reducing the difficulty of perfusion of the first medium and reducing the occurrence of the problem of the first medium hanging on the wall.
  • the present application also discloses an electronic device, see Figures 8 to 12.
  • the electronic device 1 may include: a liquid cooling module 10 and a housing 20 disclosed in the present application.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the housing 20, and the visible light transmittance of at least part of the housing 20 is greater than or equal to a threshold.
  • the area C of the housing 20 where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold at least partially overlaps with the area D of the liquid cooling module 100 where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold.
  • the housing 20 is located at the outermost layer of the electronic device 1 and can protect other components.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 may include: a liquid cooling module 100, a pump 200 and a working medium (not shown in the figure).
  • the working medium may include: a first medium and a second medium.
  • the pump 200 acts as a power source for the working medium to drive the working medium to move. During the movement of the working medium, the liquid interface moves relative to the inner wall of the cavity, thereby achieving a flow visualization effect.
  • the area of the housing 20 where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value at least partially overlaps with the area of the liquid cooling module 100 where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value. This allows the moving visualization effect of the working medium to be displayed through the area of the housing 20 where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value and the area of the liquid cooling module 100 where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value, that is, the electronic device can display the flow visualization effect.
  • the area of the electronic device that displays the flow visualization effect can be called the flow visualization area 2A.
  • the electronic devices disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may include, but are not limited to: a mobile phone ( FIG. 8 ), a tablet computer ( FIG. 9 ), a laptop computer ( FIG. 10 ), a vehicle-mounted device ( FIG. 11 ), etc.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the inner housing 20 of the mobile phone, and the visible light transmittance of the area 2A of the camera substrate of the inner housing 20 of the mobile phone is greater than or equal to the threshold value, and the liquid interface of the working medium can be seen through the area 2A (not shown in the figure).
  • the pump drives the working medium to move, so that the area 2A becomes the flow visualization area 2A.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the inner housing 20 of the mobile phone, and the mobile phone housing includes: a first non-folding portion 21, a folding portion 23, and a second non-folding portion 22.
  • the visible light transmittance of a part of the first non-folding portion 21, a part of the folding portion 23, and a part of the second non-folding portion 22 is greater than or equal to a threshold value (transparent area).
  • the above transparent area constitutes a cross-axis flow visualization area 2A.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the tablet computer housing 20 , and the visible light transmittance in at least a portion of the tablet computer housing 20 is greater than or equal to a threshold value, forming a flow visualization area 2A in the area.
  • the housing of the notebook computer may include: a body housing 24 and a display housing 25.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the fuselage shell 24 , so that the fuselage shell 24 may include a flow visualization area 2A.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 is embedded in the display housing 25 , so that the display housing 25 may include a flow visualization area 2A.
  • the liquid cooling module 10 may be embedded in the vehicle-mounted device housing 20 , so that the vehicle-mounted device housing 20 has a flow visualization area 2A.
  • the shape of the light-transmitting area of the shell can be set to obtain flow visualization areas with different shapes.
  • the embodiments of this application are only exemplary introductions of several shapes of flow visualization areas, and the above shapes do not constitute specific limitations.
  • the embodiment of the present application also discloses an accessory, which is suitable for electronic equipment, including an accessory body and a liquid cooling module disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the liquid cooling module is embedded in the accessory body, and at least a part of the area of the accessory body has a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to a threshold value.
  • the area of the accessory body where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value at least partially overlaps with the area of the liquid cooling module where the visible light transmittance is greater than or equal to the threshold value. This allows the visualization effect of the working fluid flow in the liquid cooling module to be displayed through the accessory body in this area, i.e., this area of the accessory becomes a flow visualization area.
  • FIG. 13 discloses a protective case, wherein the protective case 2 may include: an accessory body 40 and a liquid cooling module 10 embedded in the accessory body 40.
  • the visible light transmittance of at least a part of the accessory body 40 is greater than or equal to a threshold value, so that the flow visualization effect of the working fluid can be displayed through the area, and the accessory has a flow display area 2A.
  • the accessories involved in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as components used in conjunction with electronic devices, and components arranged outside the housing.
  • the accessories may include but are not limited to: wristbands, protective cases.
  • Figure 14 is an assembly diagram of a wearable device 1 and a wristband 2 (accessory), wherein the wristband 2 is connected to the wearable device 1 so that the wearable device 1 can be mounted on a target object.
  • the liquid cooling module can be arranged in the wristband so that the wristband has a flow visualization area 2A.
  • FIG. 15 is an assembly diagram of a tablet computer 1 and a protective shell 2 (accessory), wherein the protective shell 2 can be mounted outside the tablet computer 1 to protect the tablet computer 1.
  • the liquid cooling module can be disposed inside the protective shell 2, so that the protective shell 2 has a flow visualization area 2A.
  • Figure 16 is an assembly diagram of a mobile phone 1 and a connector 2 (accessory), wherein the connector 2 is connected to the mobile phone.
  • the liquid cooling module can be arranged in the connector 2, so that the connector 2 has a flow visualization area 2A.
  • the example of the present application also discloses a method for preparing a working fluid, comprising: measuring a first medium and a second medium; mixing the first medium and the second medium to obtain a working fluid

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Abstract

液冷模组、电子设备及配件。液冷模组包括泵、液冷模件和工质。液冷模件包括腔体；工质包括第一介质和第二介质，第一介质与第二介质之间具有液接界面。液冷模组中，泵与腔体连通；泵可以驱动腔体内的工质流动。流动过程中，工质的液接界面与腔体相对运动，进而使得工质具有流动可视化效果。液冷模件的至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，以使得工质流动可视化效果可以透过该区域得以展示。液冷模组采用的第一介质具有较佳的散热性，液冷模组具有较佳热散热性能。液冷模组可以嵌入电子设备的壳体，壳体对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域与液冷模件对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分重合，使得电子设备实现流动可视化效果。

Description

液冷模组、电子设备及配件
本申请要求于2023年5月30日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202310630409.0、申请名称为“液冷模组、电子设备及配件”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子设备技术领域，特别涉及液冷模组、电子设备及配件。
背景技术
液冷模组可以包括：泵和工质。工质(working substance)，可以理解为实现热能和机械能相互转化的载体。泵可以作为工质的动力源，为工质的流动提供动力。工质在流动的过程中可以作为热量传递的载体，使得液冷模组可以达到散热的效果。
近年来可以将工质的流动制备成可视化的效果，可以实现具有科技感的流动显示区域。相关技术公开的流动状态可视的工质包括：水和染料。染料的存在可以使得工质显色，使得工质的流动过程可以呈现流动可视化效果。
具有颜色的工质可以在尺寸较大的液冷模组呈现出流动可视化效果。应用在电子设备中的液冷模组的尺寸较小(通常液冷模组的腔体尺寸通常在微升数量级)，相关技术公开的工质在电子设备中的流动可视化效果较差。
发明内容
本申请公开一种液冷模组、电子设备及配件。液冷模组的工质包括：第一介质和第二相。第一介质与第二相可之间具有液接界面，泵可以为工质提供流动的动力。工质在流动的过程中工质的液接界面与腔体相对运动，进而使得工质具有流动可视化效果。
本申请第一方面公开一种液冷模组，包括：泵、液冷模件和工质。液冷模件包括：腔体，液冷模件的至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值；工质填充在腔体内，工质包括：第一介质和第二相。第二相与第一介质之间存在液接界面。泵与腔体连通，用于带动腔体内的工质流动，以使得工质的液接界面与腔体相对运动。
本实现方式中，泵与腔体连通，泵可以为液腔体内的工质提供流动的动力。工质在流动的过程中工质的液接界面与腔体相对运动，进而使得工质具有流动可视化效果。工质设置在液冷模件的腔体内，液冷模件的至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值；以使得工质流动可视化效果可以透过该区域得以展示，即液冷模组可以实现可视化的效果。另外，工质在流动的过程中，工质可以作为热量传递的媒介，使得液冷组件可以实现散热的功能。
结合第一方面的一种可行性实现方式，工质还包括：破乳剂。破乳剂，破乳剂用于破坏乳状液。在第二相以小液滴的形式分散在第一介质内形成乳状液(液接界面被破坏)时，具有破坏乳状液功能的破乳剂，可以促使小液滴相互聚集，使得第一介质与第二相恢复液接界面。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，第一介质包括：水、液态金属中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，第一介质包括：水(H2O)、液态金属中的至少一种。H2O和液态金属具有较佳的散热性能，H2O、液态金属作为第一介质可以保证工质可以实现较佳的散热性能，使得液冷模组可以实现良好的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，工质还包括：水溶性的染料，水溶性染料在第一介质中的溶解度大于在第二相中的溶解度。
本实现方式中，工质包括：水溶性染料。水溶性染料在第一介质中的溶解度大于在第二相中的溶解度，水溶性染料的引入可以增加第一介质与第二相的颜色对比度，使得液冷模组可以具有显著的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，25℃环境下，第一介质的热导系数大于或等于0.1W/m·k。
本实现方式中，25℃环境下，第一介质的热导系数大于或等于0.1W/m·k。第一介质具有较大的热导系数，单位长度的第一介质改变单位温度时吸收的热量较多，液冷模组可以实现较佳的 温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，25℃环境下，第一介质的比热容大于或等于1000J/kg·℃。
本实现方式中，25℃环境下，第一介质的比热容大于或等于1000J/kg·℃。第一介质具有较大的比热容，单位质量第一介质改变单位温度时吸收的热量较多，液冷模组可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，25℃环境下，第一介质的粘度小于或等于50cp。
本实现方式中，25℃环境下，第一介质的粘度小于或等于50cp。第一介质具有较小的粘度，第一介质流动过程中受到的阻力较小，第一介质单位时间内可以传递较多的热量，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，第一介质的质量分数大于或等于80％。
本实现方式中，第一介质的质量分数大于或等于80％，即工质含有较多的第一介质，第一介质具有较佳的散热性能，保证工质可以实现较佳的散热性能，液冷模组可以实现良好的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，第二相包括：至少一种第二介质。
本实现方式中，第二相包括至少一种第二介质，每种第二介质均可以与第一介质形成液接界面，使得工质呈现出流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，至少两种第二介质互溶。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，任意两种第二介质之间存在液接界面。
本实现方式中，任意两种第二介质之间存在液接界面，相应的工质具有较多的液接界面，工质具有显著的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，还包括：有机染料，有机染料在第二介质中的溶解度大于有机染料在第一介质中的溶解度。
本实现方式中，工质还可以包括：有机染料。有机染料在第二介质中的溶解度大于有机染料在第一介质中的溶解度，有机染料的引入可以增加第一介质与第二相的颜色对比度，使得工质可以具有显著的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，工质还包括：减阻剂；减阻剂用于降低第一介质的流动阻力。
本实现方式中，工质可以包括：减阻剂。减阻剂可以减小第一介质流动阻力，使得工质单位时间内传递的热量较多，液冷模组可以实现良好的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，减阻剂包括：聚α-烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧乙烯、聚α-辛烯、聚α-癸烯、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
上述减阻剂可以减小第一介质流动阻力，同样泵性能下提升工质流速，工质单位时间内传递的热量较多，使得液冷模组可以实现良好的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式减阻剂的相对分子质量大于或等于2*105。
本实现方式中，减阻剂的相对分子质量可以大于或等于5*105，减阻剂具有较大的相对分子质量，减阻剂具有较长的分子链，减阻剂具有较大的柔顺性，减阻剂可以较大限度的减少第一介质流动过程中产生的流动阻力，同样泵性能下提升工质流速，使得第一介质单位时间内可以传递的热量较多，进而改善工质的散热性能，保证液冷模组可以实现良好的温度控制功能。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式破乳剂包括：烷基萘磺酸钠、石油磺酸钠、环烷酸盐、聚环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物、有机醇、有机酮中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，破乳剂包括：烷基萘磺酸钠、石油磺酸钠、环烷酸盐、聚环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物、有机醇、有机酮中的至少一种。破乳剂可以破坏第二相与第一介质形成的乳状液，进而恢复第一介质与第二相之间液接界面，使得工质具有稳定的液接界面，液冷模组可以具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式包括：
R包括：疏水基团。
本实现方式中，烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式中包括：(SO3Na-)，使得烷基萘磺酸钠与第 一介质的结合能力强于第二介质与第一介质的结合能力。在第二介质以小液滴的形式分散在第一介质内形成乳状液时，第一介质优先与SO3Na-结合，导致小液滴表面的水化层的厚度降低，小液滴倾向于相互聚集恢复与第一介质的液接界面。
另外，烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式中包括：萘环萘环具有较大的刚性，进而保证破乳剂具有较大的刚性，当第二相与第一介质发生乳化时，第二相以小液滴的形式分散在第一介质内。由于破乳剂具有较大的刚性，破乳剂可以较快的达到小液滴的表面，使得小液滴可以脱离第一介质的束缚彼此聚集成第二相，即破乳剂具有较快的破乳效率，工质可以快速的恢复液接界面。
结合第一方面一种实现方式，环烷酸盐的分子结构式包括：
中n在3-12。
本实现方式中，具有羧基(-COO-)，-COO-与水的结合能力强于第二介质与水的结合能力，因此，可以作为破乳剂。另外，环烷酸盐的分子结构式包括：环烷基环烷基具有较大的刚性，使得环烷酸盐可以具有较大的刚性。乳化时，破乳剂可以较快的达到小液滴的表面，实现破乳功能，保证乳化后的工质可以快速的恢复液接界面。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，有机醇的分子结构式包括：
中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，有机醇的分子结构式中包括：羟基(-OH)，羟基与水的结合能力强于第二介质与水的结合能力，因此，有机醇可以作为破乳剂。另有机醇的分子结构式可以包括： 具有对称的分子结构式，使得破乳剂具有较大的刚性，进而保证破乳剂具有较快的破乳效率，保证乳化后的工质可以快速的恢复液接界面。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，有机酮的分子结构式包括：中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，有机酮的分子结构式中包括：羰基(-C＝O)，-C＝O与水的结合能力强于第二介质与水的结合能力，因此，有机酮可以作为破乳剂。另有机酮的分子结构式可以包括：具有对称的分子结构式，使得破乳剂具有较大的刚性，进而保证破乳剂具有较快的破乳效率，保证乳化后的工质可以快速的恢复液接界面。
结合第一方面一种实现方式，破乳剂的亲水亲油平衡值在1-20。
本实现方式中，破乳剂亲水亲油平衡值在1-20，使破乳剂可以存在于第一介质与第二相之间的液接界面处，破乳剂可以起到稳定液接界面的作用，保证液冷模组具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，液冷模件包括：流道层和至少两层覆盖层，一覆盖层设置在流道层的一侧，另一覆盖层设置在流道层的另一侧，覆盖层与流道层围设形成腔体，至少一层覆盖层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，流道层的熔融温与覆盖层的熔融温度差值小于或等于20℃。
本实现方式中，覆盖层的熔融温度与流道层的熔融温度的差值小于或者等于20℃，覆盖层与覆盖层的熔融温度差值较小，有利于覆盖层与流道层通过热压密封为一体结构的腔体，保证腔体具有较好的密封效果。
结合第一方面一种实现方式，流道层的热膨胀系数与覆盖层的热膨胀系数的差值小于或等于10*10-6/℃。
本实现方式中，流道层的热膨胀系数与覆盖层的热膨胀系数的差值小于或者等≤10*10-6/℃。流道层的热膨胀系数与覆盖层的热膨胀系数差值较小，可以在一定程度上降低密封焊接过程中，流道层与覆盖层的翘曲，保证覆盖层与流道层围设形成的腔体具有较好的密封效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，覆盖层的厚度小于或等于2mm。
本实现方式中，覆盖层厚度小于或等于小于2mm一方面可以实现轻量化的液冷模组。另一方面，覆盖层对工质的遮挡较小，可以实现具有显著流动可视化效果的液冷模组。
结合第一方面一种实现方式，透明材料包括：无机玻璃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、环烯烃类共聚物、聚四甲基戊烯、聚酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，液冷模件的至少部分区域上述采用透明材料，以使得该覆盖层具有较高的可见光透过率，保证液冷模组可以实现显著的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，透明材料的分子结构式包括：
中的至少一种；
中n在100-200；中n在100-200。
本实现方式中，透明材料的分子结构式中包含：醚键(-O-)，醚键可以破坏分子结构式中苯环的共轭结构，使得透明材料具有较高的可见光透过率，使得液冷模组可以实现显著的流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，透明材料的分子结构式包括：
中的至少一种；
中n在240-340；中n在200-300。
本实现方式中，透明材料的分子结构式包括：中的至少一种，透明材料具有较高的可见光透过率，使得液冷模组可以实现较为显著流动可视化效果。
结合第一方面的一种实现方式，还包括：防蒸散层，防蒸散层设置在覆盖层的表面，防蒸散层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，防蒸散层的密度大于覆盖层的密度。
本实现方式中，覆盖层的表面设置有防蒸散层。防蒸散层的密度大于覆盖层的密度，防蒸散层可以降低工质蒸散损失，进而保证液冷模组的长期可靠性，同时，防蒸散层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，进而保证液冷模组的流动可视化效果。
本申请第二方面公开一种电子设备，包括：壳体和第一方面公开的液冷模组；液冷模组嵌入壳体，壳体至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，壳体的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域与液冷模件的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分重合。
第二方面任意一种可行性实现方式所能达到的效果，可以参阅上述第一方面任意一种可行性实现方式所能达到的效果，此处不再赘述
本申请第三方面公开一种配件，配件适用于电子设备，包括：配件本体和第一方面公开的液冷模组，液冷模组嵌入配件本体；配件本体的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域与所述液冷模件的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分重合。
第三方面任意一种可行性实现方式所能达到的效果，可以参阅上述第一方面任意一种可行性实现方式所能达到的效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为电子设备的示意图；
图2为电池的分解图；
图3为一可行性实施例公开的工质的示意图(工质填充在腔体内)；
图4为乳化的工质的示意图(工质填充在腔体内)；
图5为挂壁的工质的示意图(工质填充在腔体内)；
图6为一可行性实施例公开的液冷模组的示意图；
图7为液冷模组的流量与阻抗的关系曲线；
图8为一可行性实施例公开的手机的示意图；
图9为一可行性实施例公开的平板电脑的示意图；
图10为一可行性实施例公开的笔记本电脑的示意图；
图11为一可行性实施例公开的车载设备的示意图；
图12为一可行性实施例公开的流动显示区域的剖面图；
图13为一可行性实施例公开的保护壳的示意图；
图14为一可行性实施例公开的可穿戴设备与腕带的组装图；
图15为一可行性实施例公开的平板电脑与保护壳的组装图；
图16为一可行性实施例公开的手机与连接件的组装图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本文中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
此外，本文中，“上”、“下”等方位术语是相对于附图中的结构示意置放的方位来定义的， 应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据结构所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
首先对本申请实施例涉及的概念作以说明：
表面张力(surfacetension)，水等液体会产生使表面尽可能缩小的力，液体的挂壁现象与液体的表面张力，液体的表面张力越大，液体的挂壁现象越显著。
乳化，是一种液体以极微小液滴均匀地分散在互不相溶的另一种液体中的作用。
熔融温度(melting point)发生熔融的温度，也可以称之为熔点。
热膨胀系数(coefficient of thermal expansion，CET)物体由于温度改变而有胀缩现象。其变化能力以等压(p一定)下，单位温度变化所导致的长度量值的变化，即热膨胀系数表示单位为1/度(℃)。
可见光(visible light)，可以理解为波长在380nm-760nm的光波。
可见光透过率(transmittance)，投射并透过物体的辐射能与投射到物体上的总辐射能之比。
亲水基团(hydrophilic group)也可以称之为极性基团，具有溶于水，或容易与水亲和的原子团。
疏水基团(lipophilic group，或oelophilic group)也可以称之为非极性基团，对水无亲和力，不溶于水或溶解度极小的基团。
亲水亲油平衡值(hydrophilic lipophilic balance，HLB)，可以理解为表面活性剂(助剂)分子中亲水和亲油基团对油或水的综合亲和力。
介质的质量分数，可以理解为介质与工质的质量比。
本申请实施例涉及的电子设备可以包括但不限于：手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和可穿戴设备等电子产品。
请参阅图1，图1为电子设备(手机)的示意图。可以看出，电子设备1包括：壳体20、电子功能组件(图中未示出)。
其中，壳体围设形成用于容纳电子功能组件的腔体，壳体围设电子功能组件以实现对电子功能组件的保护。
本申请实施例中，电子设备可以包括：折叠设备或直板设备。下面以电子设备可以为折叠设备为例对电子设备的壳体作以说明：
请参阅图1，电子设备的壳体20可以包括：第一非折叠部21和第二非折叠部22。第一非折叠部21和第二非折叠部22通过折叠部23连接。第二非折叠部22通过折叠部23能够向第一非折叠部21折叠。第二非折叠部22通过折叠部23与第一非折叠部21展开。
电子设备1的电子功能组件包括但不限于：处理器、内部存储器、充电管理模块、电源管理模块、电池、天线、通信模块、摄像头、音频模块、扬声器、受话器、麦克风、传感器模块、马达以及指示器等。其中，电子设备1可以具有比上文描述的更多的或者更少的电子功能组件。各种电子功能组件可以在包括一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路在内的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合中实现。
电子功能组件在处于工作状态时会释放热量，当电子设备1内部的温度过高时，将影响电子功能组件的工作效率以及电子设备1的使用寿命，故需要设置液冷模组10，以对电子功能组件进行温升控制。
基于上述考虑，在一些可行性实现方式中，液冷模组10嵌入壳体20，以实现对设置在壳体限定区域内的电子功能组件温度控制。
示例性的，请继续参阅图1，可以看出液冷模组10位于壳体20内(液冷模组10在电子设备1内实际为不可见，为便于理解做了可见示意处理。)，嵌入壳体内的液冷模组10可以实现对电子功能组件的温度控制。
下面对本申请公开方案作以说明：
本申请实施例涉及的电子设备可以包括但不限于：手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑和可穿戴设备、车载设备等电子产品。
请参阅图1，图1。可以看出电子设备包括：壳体20和位于壳体20内的电子功能组件(图中 未示出)。本申请实施例中，电子设备可以为折叠设备或直板设备。
示例性的，请参阅图1，以折叠手机为例对壳体作进一步的说明。壳体20可以包括用于容纳的电子功能组件(图中未示出)的腔体。折叠手机的壳体20可以包括：第一非折叠部21、第二非折叠部22。第一非折叠部21和第二非折叠部22通过折叠部23连接。第二非折叠部22通过折叠部23能够向第一非折叠部21折叠。第二非折叠部22通过折叠部23与第一非折叠部21展开。
电子设备1的电子功能组件包括但不限于：处理器、内部存储器、充电管理模块、电源管理模块、电池、天线、通信模块、摄像头、音频模块、扬声器、受话器、麦克风、传感器模块、马达以及指示器等。其中，电子设备1可以具有比上文描述的更多的或者更少的电子功能组件。各种电子功能组件可以在包括一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路在内的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合中实现。
电子功能组件在处于工作状态时会释放热量，当电子设备1内部的温度过高时，将影响电子功能组件的工作效率以及电子设备1的使用寿命，故需要设置液冷模组10，以对电子功能组件进行温升控制。
基于上述考虑，在一些可行性实现方式中，液冷模组10位于壳体20与电子功能组件之间，以实现对电子功能组件温度的控制。示例性的，请继续参阅图1，可以看出液冷模组10位于壳体20临近电子功能组件的一侧。液冷模组10可以实现对电子功能组件温度的控制。
在一些可行性实现方式中，液冷模组10可以作为电子功能组件封装一部分，进而实现对电子功能组件温度的控制。示例性的，请参阅图2，图2为电池的分解图，电池30可以包括依次堆叠设置的护板31、托盘32、电芯33和液冷模组10。液冷模组10作为电池的一部分，可以对电池实现温度的控制。
下面对液冷模组10的温度控制功能作以说明：
请继续参阅图1，液冷模组10可以包括：液冷模件100、泵200和工质(图中未画出)。工质填充在液冷模件100的腔体内。泵200与液冷模件100的腔体连通，泵200可以作为液冷模件100内工质的动力源，为工质的流动提供动力。
在流动的过程中，工质可以作为热量传递的载体，将热量带离电子功能组件，进而实现对电子功能组件温度的控制。
本申请实施例中液冷模件100的腔体为工质的流动提供流动的轨道/场所，因此在本申请实施例中，液冷模件100的腔体可以称之为流道。
本申请实施例不对泵200的种类作具体的限定，在一些可行性实现方式中，泵200可以采用微型压电液泵，微型压电液泵振幅≤50um，具有超薄，体积小，结构简单，压力高流量小，无电磁干扰，工作噪声小特点，可实现流体精密输送及控制，尤其适合手机、手表、配件等电子设备。
一些相关技术将工质的流动制备成可视化的效果，可以实现具有科技感的流动显示区域。流动显示区域可以起到标识器件或美化壳体作用，以提升用户使用电子设备的体验感。
目前实现液冷模组10中工质流动可视化的实现方式为：透明的液冷模件100搭配流动可视化的工质，即在需展示流动可视化效果的壳体20区域做透光处理，以使得设置在壳体内部的工质的可视化效果得以展示，在做透光处理的区域形成具有科技感的流动可视化区域。
相关技术公开的流动状态可视的工质包括：水和染料。由于，染料的存在可以使得工质显色，使得工质的流动过程可以呈现流动可视化效果。
具有颜色的工质可以在尺寸较大的液冷模组10呈现出流动可视化效果。应用在电子设备中的液冷模组10的尺寸较小(通常液冷模组10的腔体尺寸通常在微升数量级)，相关技术公开的工质在电子设备中的流动可视化效果较差。
为了解决相关技术存在的技术问题，请参阅图3，本申请实施例第一方面公开一种工质。工质300包括：第一介质301和第二相302。第一介质301与第二相302之间存在液接界面A，工质移动的过程中，液接界面A会与用于容纳工质的腔体B相对移动，使得工质300具有流动可视化的效果。
下面对本申请实施例公开的工质的各组分作进一步的说明：
本申请实施例公开的工质包括：第一介质。第一介质一方面较佳的散热性能，保证工质可以 实现较佳的温度控制功能；另一方面第一介质需要与第二相形成液接界面，保证工质可以实现流动可视化功能。
作为一种可行性实现方式，第一介质的在工质中的质量分数大于或等于80％。示例性的，第一介质在工质中的质量分数可以包括：85％、90％、95％等。
本实现方式中，第一介质在工质中质量分数大于或等于80％，即工质含有较多的第一介质(第一介质具有较佳的散热性能)，保证工质可以实现较佳的散热性能，工质改变单位温度时吸收的热量较多，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
本申请实施例不对第一介质包含介质的种类作具体的限定，凡是具有较佳的散热性能，且可以与第二相形成液接界面的介质均可以作为第一介质应用到本申请实施例中。
示例性的，在一些可行性实现方式中，第一介质可以包括：水(H2O)、液态金属等。
本申请实施例中，H2O和液态金属具有较佳的散热性能。H2O、液态金属作为第一介质可以使得工质可以实现较佳的散热性能，保证工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
本申请实施例中工质还可以包括：水溶性盐。水溶性盐与水(第一介质)形成的溶液可以称之为盐溶液。
盐溶液中可以包括：阴离子和阳离子。阴离子和阳离子均具有强亲水性能。使得阴离子可以与H2O形成水合的阴离子，阳离子可以与H2O形成水合的阳离子。即H2O倾向于与阳离子/阴离子结合。
在第二相以小液滴的形式分散在H2O内形成乳状液时，H2O优先与阳离子和阴离子结合，导致小液滴表面的水化层的厚度降低，小液滴倾向于相互聚集形成第二相，进而恢复第一介质与第二相之间的液接界面。因此，本实现方式公开工质具有稳定的液接界面，采用该工质的液冷模组可以具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
本申请实施例不对上述盐溶液的颜色作具体的限定，在一可行性实现方式中，盐溶液可以为无色溶液。
本申请实施例中，无色溶液可以包括：H2O(溶剂)和无色盐(溶质)。其中，无色盐可以理解为水溶液呈无色的盐。示例性的：无色盐可以包括但不限于：氯化钠(NaCl)、氯化镁(MgCl2)、氯化钙(CaCl2)液、硝酸铝(Al(NO3)4)等。
为了进一步改善工质流动可视化效果，作为一种可行性实现方式，盐溶液可以包括：有色溶液。
本申请实施例中，有色溶液可以包括：H2O和有色盐。其中，有色盐可以理解为水溶液显色的盐。示例性的，有色盐可以包括但不限于：硫酸铜(CuSO4)、氯化铜(CuCl2)、硝酸铜(Cu(NO3)2)、硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)、氯化亚铁(FeCl2)、硝酸亚铁(Fe(NO3)2)、硫酸铁(Fe2(SO4)3)、氯化铁(FeCl3)、硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3)、高锰酸钾(KMnO4)、氯化钴(CoCl2·n(H2O))、硫酸钴(CoSO4)、硝酸钴(Co(NO3)2)、氯化镍(NiCl2)、硫酸镍(NiSO4)、硝酸镍(Ni(NO3)2)等。
有色盐可以改变第一介质的颜色，因此，在本申请实施例中有色盐也可以称之为水溶性染料，或无机染料。
本实现方式中，工质包括：水溶性染料。水溶性染料在第一介质中的溶解度大于在第二相中的溶解度，水溶性染料可以使得第一介质显色，水溶性染料的引入可以使得第一介质与第二相具有较大的颜色对比度，使得工质可以具有显著的流动可视化效果。
下面对第一介质的性能作进一步说明：
散热性能可以理解为介质改变单位温度所吸收或释放的热量。介质的散热性能越好，介质改变单位温度所吸收或释放的热量越多，介质的温度控制效果越显著。
导热系数(thermal conductivity)可以理解为在稳定传热条件(例如：压力P恒定、温度T恒定)下，介质(面积：1m2，厚度：1m)两侧表面的温差为1℃(或K)传递的热量。介质的导热系数越高，单位长度第一介质改变单位温度时吸收的热量越多，相应的工质的温度控制效果越显著。
作为一种可行性实现方式，在25℃环境下，第一介质的热导系数大于或等于0.1W/m·K。 示例性的，在25℃环境下，第一介质的热导系数可以为：0.1W/m·K、0.2W/m·K、0.3W/m·K等。
值得注意的是，第一介质的导热系数并不是一个定值。温度会对第一介质的热导系数产生影响。具体的，温度升高会加剧第一介质的分子热运动，使得热到介质可以传递更多的热量，即温度升高第一介质的导热系数也随之增大。本申请实施例涉及的热导系数除特殊说明外，可以理解为第一介质在25℃时的热导系数。
本实现方式中，25℃环境下，第一介质的热导系数大于或等于0.1W/m·k。第一介质具有较大的热导系数，单位长度的第一介质改变单位温度时吸收的热量较多，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
比热容(specificheat capacity)，可以理解为单位质量第一介质的热容量。第一介质的比热容越高，单位质量的第一介质改变单位温度时吸收的热量越多，相应的工质的温度控制功能越显著。
值得注意的是，第一介质的比热容受温度影响。本申请实施例涉及的比热容除特殊说明外，可以理解为第一介质在25℃时的比热容。
为了保证工质的温度控制功能，作为一种可行性实现方式，在25℃环境下，第一介质的比热容大于或等于1000J/kg·℃。示例性的，在25℃环境下，第一介质的比热容可以为：1000J/kg·℃、1500J/kg·℃、1500J/kg·℃等。
本实现方式中，25℃环境下，第一介质的比热容大于或等于1000J/kg·℃。第一介质具有较大的比热容，单位质量第一介质改变单位温度时吸收的热量较多，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
粘度(viscosity)，可以理解为第一介质对流动所表现的阻力。具体应用到本申请实施例中，第一介质的粘度越小，第一介质流动过程中受到的阻力越小，第一介质单位时间内传递的热量越多，工质的温度控制功能越显著。
值得注意的是，第一介质的粘度受温度的影响。本申请实施例涉及的粘度除特殊说明外，可以理解为第一介质在25℃时的粘度。
作为一种可行性实现方式，在25℃环境下，第一介质的粘度可以小于或等于50cp。示例性的，在25℃环境下，第一介质的粘度可以为：50cp、40cp、30cp、20cp、10cp等。
本实现方式中，25℃环境下，第一介质的粘度小于或等于50cp。第一介质具有较小的粘度，第一介质流动过程中受到的阻力较小，第一介质单位时间内可以传递较多的热量，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
至此完成对第一介质的描述。
本申请实施例公开的工质还包括：第二相。
本申请实施例中，第二相用于与第一介质形成液接界面，使得工质可以实现流动可视化效果。本申请实施例中，第二相包括的介质可以称之为第二介质。
本申请实施例不对第二介质的作具体的限定。凡是可以与第一介质形成液接界面的介质均可以作为第二介质应用到本申请实施例中。示例性的，第二介质可以包括但不限于：碳氢化合物(hydrocarbon)、杂原子化合物(heterocyclic compound)、氟化液(fluorinated liquid)、流沙油等。
本申请实施例不会第二相包含的第二介质的数量作具体的限定。示例性的，第二相包含第二介质的数量可以为：1、2、3等。
本申请实施例不对第二介质彼此之间的溶解情况作具体的限定。
在一些可行性实现方式中：至少两种第二介质互溶。
示例性的，第二相可以包括：碳氢化合物和杂原子化合物，其中，碳氢化合物和杂原子化合物互溶可以形成均一相(第二相)。
示例性的，第二相可以包括：碳氢化合物、杂原子化合物和流沙油。碳氢化合物和杂原子化合物可以互溶形成混合有机液。流沙油与混合有机液(不互溶)之间形成液接界面。
在一些可行性实现方式中，任意两种第二介质之间存在液接界面。
示例性的，第二相可以包括：氟化液和流沙油。氟化液和流沙油可以形成液接界面。
值得注意的是，本申请实施例仅是示例性的介绍几种第二介质相互之间的溶解情况，上述示例并不构成具体的限定。
在一些可行性实现方式中，碳氢化合物分子结构式可以包括：
CH3-(CH2)n-CH3、 等。
考虑到液接界面的稳定性与第二介质在第一介质中的溶解度相关。具体的，第二介质的相对分子质量越大，碳氢化合物在第一介质的溶解度越低，第二介质与第一介质之间的液接界面越稳定，工质流动可视化效果越稳定。
为了得到具有稳定流动可视化效果的工质，作为一种可行性实现方式，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中n可以大于或等于5。
本实现方式中，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中n大于或等于5，碳氢化合物在第一介质的溶解度较小，碳氢化合物与第一介质可以形成稳定的液接界面，保证工质可以实现稳定的流动可视化效果。
考虑到液接界面的稳定性与第二介质的沸点相关。具体的，第二介质的相对分子质量越大，第二介质的沸点越高，第二介质的热稳定性越好，第二介质与第一介质之间的液接界面越稳定，工质流动可视化效果越稳定。
为了得到具有稳定流动可视化效果的工质，作为一种可行性实现方式，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中n可以大于或等于5。
本实现方式中，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中n大于或等于5，碳氢化合物的沸点较高，碳氢化合物与第一介质可以形成稳定的液接界面，保证工质可以具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
考虑到第二介质的散热性能与第二介质的粘度相关。具体的，第二介质的相对分子质量越小，第二介质的粘度越低，第二介质的散热性能越好。
为了进一步改善工质中温度控制功能，作为一种可行性实现方式，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中，n可以小于或等于11。
本实现方式中，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中n小于或等于11，碳氢化合物在具有较小的粘度，包含该碳氢化合物的工质流动过程中受到的阻力较小，工质单位时间内传递的热量较多，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
为了兼顾工质稳定流动可视化效果和较佳的温度控制功能，作为一种可行性实现方式，CH3-(CH2)n-CH3中n可以在5-11。
同理，作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以大于或等于5。作为一种可行性实现方式，n可以小于或等于11。作为一种可行性实现方式，n可以在5-11。
同理，作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以大于或等于0。作为一 种可行性实现方式，中，n可以小于或等于5。作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以在0-5。
同理，作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以大于或等于0。作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以小于或等于5。作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以在0-5，以兼顾工质稳定流动可视化效果和较佳的温度控制功能。在一些可行性实现方式中，杂原子化合物的分子结构式可以包括：
等。
本实现方式中，杂原子化合物(第二介质)的分子结构式中包括：苯环苯环具有较大的刚性，进而使得杂原子化合物具有较大的刚性，当杂原子化合物与第一介质发生乳化时，由于杂原子化合物具有较大的刚性，在破乳剂的作用下，杂原子化合物可以较快脱离第一介质的束缚彼此聚集成第二相，使得工质恢复液接界面，实现流动可视化效果。
在一些可行性实施例中，工质还可以包括：有机染料。有机染料在第二介质中的溶解度大于有机染料在第一介质中的溶解度，有机染料的引入可以增加第一介质与第二相的颜色对比度，使得工质可以具有显著的流动可视化效果。
至此完成对第二相的描述。
值得注意的是，工质在静止状态下，第一介质与第二介质之间存在液接界面。工质在流动状态下，第一介质与第二介质之间可能发生乳化，即第二介质以小液滴的形式分散在第一介质中。具体的，可以参阅如图4，可以看出，第一介质与第二介质发生乳化后，第二介质以小液滴的形式分散在第二介质中形成乳状液400，第一介质与第二介质之间的液接界面被破坏。工质丧失了流动可视化的功能。
为了得到具有稳定流动可视化功能的工质，作为一种可行性实现方式，工质还可以包括：破乳剂。其中，破乳剂可以破坏乳状液，进而恢复第一介质与第二相之间液接界面，使得工质具有稳定的液接界面，使得工质可以具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
本申请实施例不对破乳剂作具体的限定，凡是可以破坏第二相与第一介质形成的乳状液的助剂，均可以作为破乳剂应用到本申请实施例中。
示例性的，破乳剂可以包括：烷基萘磺酸钠、石油磺酸钠、环烷酸盐、聚环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物、有机醇、有机酮中等。
在一些可行性实现方式中，破乳剂亲水亲油平衡值在1-20，使破乳剂可以存在于第一介质与第二相之间的液接界面处，起到稳定液接界面的作用，使得工质具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
作为一种可行性实现方式，烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式包括：
其中，R为疏水基团。
本申请实施例中疏水基团可以包括：环烷基、烷氧基、烷基等。
值得注意的是，仅是示例性的展示一种烷基萘磺酸钠中R和磺酸基(SO3Na-)的取代位置，上述取代位置并不构成限定。例如：在一些可行性实现方式中，SO3Na-可以与萘环上的C1、C2、C4连接。再例如：在一些可行性实现方式中，R可以与萘环上的C5、C6、C8连接。
本实现方式中，烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式中包括：(SO3Na-)，使得烷基萘磺酸钠与第一介质的结合能力强于第二介质与第一介质的结合能力。在第二介质以小液滴的形式分散在第一介质内形成乳状液时，第一介质优先与SO3Na-结合，导致小液滴表面的水化层的厚度降低，小液滴倾向于相互聚集形成第二相，进而恢复第一介质与第二相之间的液接界面。
另外，烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式中包括：萘环。萘环具有较大的刚性，进而保证使得破乳剂具有较大的刚性，当第二相与第一介质发生乳化时，第二相以小液滴的形式分散在第一介质内。由于破乳剂具有较大的刚性，破乳剂可以较快的达到小液滴的表面，使得小液滴可以脱离第一介质的束缚彼此聚集成第二相，即破乳剂具有较快的破乳效率，工质可以快速的恢复液接界面。
考虑到破乳剂的破乳效率与破乳剂的刚性相关。具体的，破乳剂的主链中碳原子数越多，破乳剂的分子链越长，破乳剂的刚性越弱，破乳剂的破乳效率越低。
为了保证烷基萘磺酸钠的破乳效率，作为一种可行性实现方式，中R的主链中碳原子数小于或等于8。
考虑到冷工质流动可视化效果的稳定性与破乳剂的沸点相关。具体的，破乳剂的相对分子质量越大，破乳剂的沸点越高，破乳剂的稳定性越好，第二相与第一介质之间的液接界面越稳定，工质流动可视化效果越稳定。
为了得到具有稳定流动可视化效果的工质，作为一种可行性实现方式，中R的主链中碳原子数大于或等于1。
为了兼顾破乳效率和稳定的可视化效果，作为一种可行性实现方式，中R的主链中碳原子数在1-8。
作为一种可行性实现方式，环烷酸盐的分子结构式包括：
本实现方式中，具有(-COO-)，-COO-与水的结合能力强于第二介质与水的结合能力，因此，可以作为破乳剂应用到本申请实施例中。
环烷酸盐的分子结构式包括：环烷基环烷基具有较大的刚性，使得破乳剂可以具有较大的刚性，破乳剂可以较快的达到小液滴的表面，实现破乳功能，即破乳剂具有较快的破乳效率，工质可以快速的恢复液接界面。
考虑到冷工质流动可视化效果的稳定性与破乳剂沸点的关系。作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以大于或等于3，以保证具有较高的沸点，进而保证工质具有稳定的液接界面。
考虑到破乳剂的破乳效率与破乳剂刚性关系。作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以小于或等于12，以保证的具有较大的刚性，进而保证工质具有稳定的液接界面。
作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以在3-12。
在一些可行性实现方式中，有机醇的分子结构式包括： 中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，有机醇的分子结构式中包括：羟基(-OH)，羟基与水的结合能力强于第二介质与水的结合能力，因此，有机醇可以作为破乳剂应用到本申请实施例中。
本实现方式中，有机醇分子结构式可以包括：等。 具有对称的分子结构式，使得有机醇具有较大的刚性，进而保证破乳剂具有较快的破乳效率。
本实现方式中，有机酮的分子结构式中包括：-C＝O，-C＝O与水的结合能力强于第二介质与水的结合能力，因此，有机酮可以作为破乳剂应用到本申请实施例中。
在一些可行性实现方式中，有机酮的分子结构式包括： 等。
本实现方式中，有机酮的分子结构式包括：均具有对称的分子结构式，使得有机酮(破乳剂)具有较大的刚性，进而保证工质具有稳定的液接界面。
考虑到冷工质流动可视化效果的稳定性与破乳剂沸点的关系。作为一种可行性实现方式，
中n可以大于或等于2，m可以大于或等于4，以保证具有较高的沸点，进而保证工质具有稳定的流动可视化效果。
考虑到破乳剂的破乳效率与破乳剂刚性的关系。作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以小于或等于6，m可以小于或等于10，使得具有较大的刚性，进而保证工质具有稳定的流动可视化效果。作为一种可行性实现方式，中n可以在2-6，m可以在4-10。
至此完成对破乳剂的描述。
在第一介质包含水的方式中，工质可能存在灌注问题，导致工质附着在腔体内壁。具体的，在注入腔体内壁过程中，工质中的水具有较大的表面张力，导致工质较难浸润腔体内壁，工质附着在腔体内壁，即产生挂壁的现象。具体的，可以参阅图5，可以看出，工质300附着在腔体内壁B的内壁。
为了解决工质存在的灌注问题，作为一种可行性实现方式，工质还可以包括：减阻剂(drag-reducing additive)。
减阻剂可以减小第一介质流动阻力，使得工质单位时间内传递的热量较多，工质可以实现较佳的温度控制功能。
本申请实施例不对减阻剂中包含的助剂的种类作具体的限定。凡是可以降低第一介质的流动阻力的助剂均可以作为减阻剂应用到本申请实施例公开的工质中。本申请实施例中，减阻剂可以降低第一介质的表面张力，改善第一介质对腔体内壁的润湿性能，起到缓解工质挂壁的作用。
示例性的，减阻剂可以包括：聚α-烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧乙烯、聚α-辛烯、聚α-癸烯、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺等。
考虑到冷工质的散热性能与减阻剂的柔顺性相关。具体的，减阻剂的相对分子质量越大，减阻剂的分子链越长，减阻剂的柔顺性越好，减阻剂降低第一介质流动阻力作用越显著，工质的散热性能越好。
为了进一步改善工质的散热性能，作为一种可行性实现方式，减阻剂的相对分子质量可以大于或等于2*105。示例性的，减阻剂的相对分子质量可以包括：5*105、1*106、5*106等。
本实现方式中，减阻剂的相对分子质量可以大于或等于5*105，减阻剂具有较大的相对分子质量，减阻剂具有较长的分子链，减阻剂具有较大的柔顺性，减阻剂可以较大限度的减少第一介质流动过程中产生的流动阻力，第一介质单位时间内可以传递的热量较多，工质的散热性能较好。
至此完成对工质的描述。
本申请实施例还公开一种液冷模组。请参阅图6，液冷模组10包括：泵200、液冷模件100和工质(图中未示出)。工质填充在液冷模件100的腔体110内，泵200与液冷模件的腔体110连通。
作为一种可行性实现方式，泵200可以包括：泵基体210和与泵基体210连接的压电组件220 等。泵基体210设有泵进液口211和泵出液口212。
液冷模件100设置有液冷出液口111和液冷进液口112。液冷出液口111用于与泵进液口211连通，液冷进液口112用于与泵出液口212连通。液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件100与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体210为形成密封结构，以实现液冷出液口111与泵进液口211连通。液冷进液口112周侧的部分液冷模件100与泵出液口212周侧的部分泵基体210形成密封结构，以实现液冷进液口112与泵出液口212连通，即实现泵基体210与液冷模件的腔体110的连通。
值得注意的是，在本申请实施例中，液冷出液口111用于与泵进液口211连通，不表示液冷出液口111与泵进液口211时刻保持连通的状态，只是表明在一定条件下，工质能够从液冷出液口111流入泵进液口211。液冷进液口112与泵出液口212之间的关系同理。
可见，本实现方式公开的液冷模组10中泵200(中的泵基体210)与液冷模件的腔体110连通，泵200可以作为的动力源，为液冷模件100腔体内的工质300提供流动的动力。工质300在流动的过程中可以作为热量传递的媒介，使得液冷模件100可以实现持久散热的效果。
本申请实施例不对液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体的连接方式作具体的限定。
作为这一种可行性实现方式，液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体为一体化结构，液冷进液口112周侧的部分液冷模件与泵出液口212周侧的部分泵基体为一体化结构。其中，形成一体化结构是指二者之间由于相互融合渗透而没有连续的界面，液冷出液口的周侧是指液冷出液口周围一圈的邻近区域。
作为这一种可行性实现方式，液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体分体的结构。可以采用螺钉固定、高温胶粘结、UV胶光固化粘结、热压键合密封焊、热熔焊、超声波焊、超周波焊等方式连接液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体。同理，液冷进液口112周侧的部分液冷模件与泵出液口212周侧的部分泵基体可以为分体结构，可以采用上述方式连接液冷进液口112周侧的部分液冷模件与泵出液口212周侧的部分泵基体。
为了提高液冷模组10的断裂伸长率，便于释放提高液冷模组10在弯折时的应力。作为一种可行性实现方式，液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件100与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体210的表面能差小于或等于5mN/m。
本实现方式中，液冷出液口111周侧的部分液冷模件100与泵进液口211周侧的部分泵基体210的表面能差小于或等于5mN/m。液冷模件100的与泵基体210的表面能差较小。可以较好的释放液冷模件100的与泵基体210的弯折时的应力，使得液冷模件100的与泵基体210的具有较高的断裂伸长率。
同理，作为一种可行性实现方式，液冷进液口112周侧的部分液冷模件100与泵出液口212周侧的部分泵基体210表面能差小于或等于5mN/m。
本申请实施例中，液冷模件100的内部具有腔体110。工质填充在液冷模件的腔体110内。工质采用本申请实施例公开的工质，具体的，工质可以包括：第一介质和第二相。第一介质与第二相之间存在液接界面，工质在泵的带动下移动时，工质的液接界面会与腔体相对运动，使得工质可以展现出流动可视化效果。
本申请实施例中，液冷模件100的至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，以使得工质300流动可视化效果可以透过该区域的液冷模件100得以展示，即液冷模组10可以实现可视化的效果。
本申请实施例不对上述阈值的数值作具体的限定，示例性的，阈值可以为：70％、80％、90％等。
作为一种可行性实现方式，液冷模件100的至少部分区域可以采用透明材料，以使得液冷模件100至少部分区域具有较大的可见光透过率，使得液冷模组可以实现显著的可视化的效果。
本申请实施例中，透明材料可以理解为380nm-760nm的波段内可见光透过率大于阈值的材料。
作为一种可行性实现方式，透明材料可以包括：无机玻璃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚丙烯(PP)、环烯烃类共聚物(COC)、聚四甲基戊烯(PMP)、 聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(BS)等。
本实现方式公开的透明材料具有较大的可见光透过率，采用上述材料形成的液冷模件100具有较大的可见光透过率(在一些实现方式中，液冷模件100的可见光透过率可以达到90％以上)，使得液冷模组10可以实现显著的流动可视化效果。
在一些可行性实现方式中，透明材料的分子结构式可以包括但不限于：
等。
本实现方式中，透明材料的分子结构式中包含：醚键(-O-)，醚键可以破坏分子结构式中苯环的共轭结构，使得透明材料具有较高的可见光透过率，液冷模件100具有较高的可见光透过率，保证液冷模组10可以实现显著流动可视化效果。
考虑到液冷模件100的热性能和力学性能与透明材料的相对分子质量相关。具体的，透明材料的相对分子质量越大，透明材料的热力学性能、力学性能越好。
为了得到具有良好热力学性能、力学性能的液冷模件100，作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以大于或等于100，以使得分子结构式包括的透明材料具有良好热力学性能、力学性能。进而保证由该透明材料得到的覆液冷模件100具有良好的热力学性能、力学性能。
考虑到液冷模件100的可见光透过性能与透明材料的分子结构式中共轭结构的数量相关。具体的，共轭结构在分子间和分子内存在电荷传输(charge-transfer complex，CTC)效应，导致透明材料呈现颜色，因此，透明材料中的分子结构式中包含的共轭结构越多，透明材料的可见光透过率越低。
为了得到具有较高可见光透过率的液冷模件100，作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n可以小于或等于200，以使得分子结构式包括的透明材料具有较高的可见光透过率，进而保证由该透明材料得到的液冷模件100具有较高的可见光透过率，保证液冷模组10可以展示出显著的流动可视化效果。
为了兼顾液冷模组热力学性能、力学性和可视化性能，作为一种可行性实现方式，中，n在100-200。
作为一种可行性实现方式，中的n可以大于或等于100。作为一种可行性实现方式，中的n可以小于或等于200。作为一种可行性实现方式，中的n可以在100-200。
在一些可行性实现方式中，透明材料的分子结构式可以包括：等。
本实现方式中，透明材料的分子结构式包括：透明材料中具有较少的共轭结构，因此透明材料具有较高的可见光透过率，因此，液冷模组可以实现较为显著流动可视化效果。
考虑到液冷模件100的热性能和力学性能与透明材料的相对分子质量相关。具体的，透明材料的相对分子质量越大，透明材料形成的液冷模件100的热性能和力学性能越好。
作为一种可行性实现方式，中n大于或等于200，以使得分子结构式包括的透明材料具有良好的热力学性能、力学性能。进而保证由该透明材料得到的液冷模件100具有良好的热力学性能、力学性能。
考虑到液冷模件100的弯折性能与透明材料中取代基的分布情况相关。具体的，取代基在分子结构式中分布的密度越大，透明材料柔顺性越差，相应的，由该透明材料形成的覆液冷模件100的弯折性能越差、液冷模组10的弯折性能越差。
为了保证液冷模组具有较佳的弯折性能，作为一种可行性实现方式，中n小于或等于300。中n小于或等于300，透明材料中分布的大体积取代基较少，大体积取代基在透明材料中分布的密度较少，透明材料具有较佳的柔顺性，由该透明材料形成的液冷模件100具有较佳的柔顺性，保证液冷模组10具有较佳的弯折性能。
为了兼顾液冷模组10的热力学性能、力学性能和弯折性能作为一种可行性实现方式 中n在200-300。
作为一种可行性实现方式，中的n可以大于或等于240。作为一种可行性实现方式，中的n可以小于或等于340。作为一种可行性实现方式，中的n可以在240-340。
值得注意的是，上述实施例涉及采用透明材料形成液冷模件100可以理解为，透明材料形成液冷模件100的至少部分区域，以使得液冷模件100的至少部分区域具有较高的可见光透过率。
请继续参阅图6，作为一种可行性实现方式，液冷模件100可以包括：依次设置的覆盖层120、流道层130和覆盖层140。覆盖层120设置在流道层130的一侧，覆盖层140设置在流道层130的另一侧，覆盖层120、流道层130和覆盖层140围设形成腔体110。为了方便区分本申请实施例将其中一个覆盖层120称之为顶盖层120；将另一个覆盖层140称之为底盖层140。
作为一种可行性实现方式，流道层130包括：至少一个刚性基体131。刚性基体131设置在顶盖层120和底盖层140之间，用于支撑顶盖层120和底盖层140。
刚性基体131还用于将腔体110的流道分隔为至少一个进液流道1101和至少出液流道1102，进液流道1101和出液流道1102均由刚性基体131与顶盖层120和底盖层140围设形成。进液流道1101与液冷进液口112保持连通的状态，出液流道1102与液冷出液口111保持连通的状态。进液流道1101和出液流道1102通过刚性基体131分隔开，有利于避免进液流道1101和出液流道1102中的冷却介质发生混流影响散热效果。
作为这一种可行性实现方式，顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140可以为一体化结构。使得顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140围设形成的进液流道1101和出液流道1102具有较好的密封效果，避免漏液(工质300)问题的出现。
需要注意的是，顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140为一体化结构的实现方式中，顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140均采用透明材料，以使得液冷模组可以实现可流动视化的效果。
作为这一种可行性实现方式，顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140可以为分体结构。可以采用螺钉固定、高温胶粘结、UV胶光固化粘结、热压键合密封焊、热熔焊、超声波焊、超周波焊进行密封等方式连接顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140。本实现方式中顶盖层120、刚性基体131和底盖层140可以采用相同或不同的材料。但需要保证顶盖层120、底盖层140中的至少一层采用的材料为透明材料。
在一种实施方式中，覆盖层(120、140)的熔融温度与刚性基体131的熔融温度的差值小于或者等于20℃。覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131的熔融温度差值较小，有利于覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131通过密封焊接的方式形成、一体结构，提升进液流道1101和出液流道1102密封效果。
密封焊接可以包括压键合密封焊、热熔焊、超声波焊、超周波焊等无焊膏等高温连接方式。热压密封通常在高温环境下进行，如果覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131热膨胀系数的差值较大，覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131会发生翘曲(warpage)，降低覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131围设的进液流道1101和出液流道1102的密封效果。
为了进一步改善进液流道1101和出液流道1102的密封效果，作为一种可行性实现方式覆盖层(120、140)的热膨胀系数与刚性基体131的热膨胀系数的差值小于或者等≤10*10-6/(℃)。
本实现方式中，覆盖层(120、140)的热膨胀系数与刚性基体131的热膨胀系数的差值小于或者等≤10*10-6/℃。覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131的热膨胀系数的差值较小，可以在一 定程度上降低密封焊接过程中，覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131的翘曲，保证覆盖层(120、140)与刚性基体131围设的进液流道1101和出液流道1102具有较好的密封效果。
作为一种可行性实现方式，覆盖层(120、140)的厚度的小于2mm。本实现方式中，覆盖层(120、140)的厚度小于或等于小于2mm一方面可以实现轻量化的液冷模组10。另一方面可以实现具有显著流动可视化效果的液冷模组10。
为了避免工质在长期运行时发生蒸散损失影响液冷模组的可靠性，作为一种可行性实现方式，覆盖层(120、140)的表面设置施加防蒸散层。本申请实施例不对防蒸散层的位置作具体的限定，作为一种可行性实现方式，防蒸散层可以设置在覆盖层(120、140)临近工质的一侧。作为一种可行性实现方式，防蒸散层可以设置在覆盖层(120、140)远离工质的一侧。
本申请实施例中，防蒸散层的密度大于覆盖层的密度，防蒸散层的设置可以加大工质逃离腔体的难度，即防蒸散层起到降低工质发生蒸散损失的作用。
另外，防蒸散层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，以保证液冷模组的流动可视化效果。
本申请实施例不对防蒸散层采用的材料作具体的限定，凡是可以避免工质发生蒸散损失材料均可以作为防蒸散层的材料应用到本申请实施例中。示例性的，防蒸散层采用的材料可以包括：聚酰亚胺层、聚偏二氯乙烯层或者金属薄膜层中的至少一种。
本实现方式中，覆盖层(120、140)的表面设置有防蒸散层。防蒸散层可以起到避免工质蒸散损失的作用，进而保证液冷模组的长期可靠性，同时，防蒸散层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，进而保证液冷模组的流动可视化效果。
下面结合具体的数据对本申请实施例公开的工质的散热性能作以说明：
本申请实施例公开的工质应用在液冷模组中可以具有较小的阻抗(流动阻力)、较大流量，从而有更强换热能力和等效导热系数。具体的，类参阅图7，图7为液冷模组的流量Q与阻抗P(单位为Pa)的关系曲线。其中，曲线C为泵在液冷系统中的压力-流量曲线，即P-Q曲线。曲线A为采用本申请实施例公开的工质(第一介质为水)的阻抗-流量P-Q数据，与曲线C交点为实际应用中的阻抗-流量值，工作点阻抗～37000KPa，流量～1.8ml/min；曲线B为采用工质为(氟化液加流沙油)的阻抗-流量P-Q数据，与曲线C交点为实际应用中的阻抗-流量值，工作点阻抗～60000KPa，流量～1.2ml/min。可以看出，对同一泵和同一液冷模组，本申请实施例公开的混合工质具有较小的粘度和阻抗，更高的流量和流速，从而具有更低的温差和更高的等效导热系数。
下面结合具体实验结果作以说明具体实验结果可以参阅表1：
表1
实验条件为：
将本申请实施例公开的工质应用在液冷模组(液冷模件的总厚度为0.2mm)中，在3.5W的热源的环境下，液冷模组的热端与冷端温差大概在3.7℃,等效导热系数与两相换热的VC(Vapor Chamber)均热板或热管相当，>5000W/m-K，远高于常规的铜铝和天然石墨导热系数(<800W/m-K)。
将工质(氟化液加流沙油)应用在液冷模组(液冷模件的总厚度为0.2mm)中，在3.5W的热源的环境下，液冷模组的热端与冷端温差大概在14℃。
将工质(氟化液加流沙油)应用在液冷模组(液冷模件的总厚度为0.33mm)中，在3.5W的热源的环境下，液冷模组的热端与冷端温差大概在8.3℃。
下面结合具体的实例对本申请实施例公开的液冷模组做进一步的说明。
实施例一：
实施例一公开的液冷模组各部件的组分可以参阅表2：
表2
实施例一公开的液冷模组中，第二相包括：氟化液和导热油。氟化液和导热油均可以与水形成液接界面，使得工质流动状态具有可视化的效果。工质中还包括：无机染料活性艳橙。活性艳橙可以溶于水中，使得第一介质显色，进而使得第一介质与第二相的对比度增强，使得工质流动可视化的效果增强。
在液冷模组中，工质封装在液冷模件100的腔体内，液冷模件100采用透明材料COC。液冷模件100具有较高的可见光透过率。工质流动可视化的效果可以透过液冷模件100得以展示。实施例一公开的液冷模组具有流动可视化效果。
第一介质包括具有较佳散热性能的水，保证该液冷膜组具有优异的散热能力。50℃热源存在下运行后，液冷膜组各个点的温差<5℃。
实施例二：
实施例二公开的液冷模组各部件的组分可以参阅表3：
表3
实施例二公开的微泵液冷模组与实施例一公开的液冷模组具有相同的部件，每个部件具有相似的组分，区别之处在于实施例二公开的液冷组中第一介质还包括：液态金属：由于液态金属是热的良导体，因此，包含液态金属的第一介质的散热能力进一步提升。因此，实施例二公开的液冷模组的散热能力进一步提升。
实施例三：
实施例三公开的液冷模组各部件的组分可以参阅表4：
表4

实施例三公开的液冷模组具有流动可视化效果同时兼具具有优异的散热能力。
实施例四：
实施例四公开的液冷模组各部件的组分可以参阅表5：
表5
实施例四公开的液冷模组中，工质加入氟碳表面活性剂，氟碳表面活性剂可以起到降低第一介质的表面张力，进而降低第一介质的灌注难度，减少降低第一介质挂壁问题的出现。
本申请实施例还公开一种电子设备，请参阅图8-图12。电子设备1可以包括：本申请实施例公开的液冷模组10、壳体20。液冷模组10嵌入壳体20，20壳体的至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值。请参阅图12，壳体20对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域C至少部分与液冷模件100对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域D重合。
壳体20位于电子设备1的最外层可以起到保护其他器件的作用。
液冷模组10可以包括：液冷模件100、泵200和工质(图中未示出)。工质可以包括：第一介质和第二介质。泵200作为工质的动力源带动工质移动，在工质移动的过程中，液接界面会相对于腔体的内壁移动，进而流动可视化效果。
壳体20对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分与液冷模件100对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域重合。使得工质的移动可视化效果可以透过壳体20对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域和液冷模件100对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域得以展示，即电子设备可以展示流动可视化效果。
本申请实施例中，电子设备具有展示流动可视化效果的区域可以称之为流动可视化区域2A。
本申请实施例公开的电子设备可以包括但不限于：手机(图8)、平板电脑(图9)、笔记本电脑(图10)、车载设备(图11)等。
下面结合具体的实例对本申请实施例公开的电子设备作进一步的说明。
示例性的，请参阅图8中的(一)，液冷模组10嵌入手机内壳体20，手机内壳体20在摄像头衬底的区域2A的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，可以透过区域2A，看到工质的液接界面(图中未展示)。泵带动工质移动，使得区域2A成为流动可视化区域2A。
示例性的，请参阅图8中的(二)，液冷模组10嵌入手机内壳体20，手机壳体包括：第一非折叠部21、折叠部23、第二非折叠部22。第一非折叠部21的部分区域、折叠部23的部分区域、第二非折叠部22的部分区域对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值(透明区域)。上述透明区域组成跨轴的流动可视化区域2A。
示例性的，请参阅图9，液冷模组10嵌入平板电脑壳体20，在平板电脑壳体20的至少部分区域对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，在该区域形成流动可视化区域2A。
示例性的，请参阅图10，笔记本电脑的壳体可以包括：机身壳体24、显示器壳体25。请参 阅图10中的(一)，在一些可行性实现方式中，液冷模组10嵌入机身壳体24，使得机身壳体24可以包括流动可视化区域2A。
请参阅图10中的(二)，在一些可行性实现方式中，液冷模组10嵌入显示器壳体25，使得显示器壳体25可以包括流动可视化区域2A。
示例性的，请参阅图11，液冷模组10可以嵌入车载设备壳体20，使得车载设备壳体20具有流动可视化区域2A。
值得注意的是，在液冷模组嵌入壳体的实现方式中，可以通过设置壳体透光区域的形状来得到具有不同形状的流动可视化区域。本申请实施例仅是示例性的介绍几种流动可视化区域的形状，上述形状并不构成具体的限定。
本申请实施例还公开一种配件，适用于电子设备，配件本体和本申请实施例公开的液冷模组，液冷模组嵌入配件本体，配件本体的至少部分区域对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值。配件本体对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分与液冷模件对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域重合。以使得液冷模组中工质流动可视化效果可以透过该区域的配件本体得以展示，即使得配件的该区域成为流动可视化区域。
请参阅图13，图13公开了一种保护壳，保护壳2可以包括：配件本体40和嵌入配件本体40的液冷模组10。配件本体40至少部分区域对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，以使得可以透过该区域展示工质的流动可视化效果，及使得配件具有流动显示区域2A。
本申请实施例涉及的配件可以理解为与电子设备配合使用的部件，设置在壳体外部的部件。示例性的，配件可以包括但不限于：腕带、保护壳。
下面结合具体的实例对，配件的应用场景作作以说明：
示例性的，请参阅图14，图14为一可穿戴设备1与腕带2(配件)的组装图，腕带2与可穿戴设备1连接，使得可穿戴设备1可以套设在目标物体上。可以将液冷模组设置在腕带内，使得腕带具有流动可视化区域2A。
示例性的，请参阅图15，图15为平板电脑1与保护壳2(配件)的组装图，保护壳2可以套设在平板电脑1外，起到保护平板电脑1的作用。可以将液冷模组设置在保护壳2内，使得保护壳2具有流动可视化区域2A。
示例性的，请参阅图16，图16为手机1与连接件2(配件)的组装图，连接件2与手机连接。可以将液冷模组设置在连接件2内，使得连接件2具有流动可视化区域2A。
本申请示例还公开一种工质的制备方法，包括：量取第一介质和第二介质；混合第一介质和第二介质得到工质
以上对本申请实施例所提供的工质、液冷模组及电子设备进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体各例对本申请的原理及实施例进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施例及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种液冷模组，其特征在于，包括：
    液冷模件，所述液冷模件包括腔体，所述液冷模件至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值；
    工质，所述工质设置在所述腔体内，所述工质包括：第一介质和第二相，所述第二相与所述第一介质之间存在液接界面；
    泵，所述泵与所述腔体连通，所述泵用于带动所述腔体内的所述工质流动，以使得所述液接界面与所述腔体相对运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述第一介质包括：水、液态金属中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，还包括：水溶性染料，所述水溶性染料在所述第一介质中的溶解度大于所述水溶性染料在所述第二相中的溶解度。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，25℃环境下，所述第一介质的热导系数大于或等于0.1W/m·k。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，25℃环境下，所述第一介质的比热容大于或等于1000J/kg·℃。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，25℃环境下，所述第一介质的粘度小于或等于50cp。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述第一介质在所述工质中的质量分数大于或等于80％。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述第二相包括：至少一种第二介质。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，至少两种所述第二介质互溶。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，任意两种所述第二介质之间存在液接界面。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述工质还包括：有机染料，所述有机染料在所述第二相中的溶解度大于所述有机染料在所述第一介质中的溶解度。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述工质还包括：减阻剂；
    所述减阻剂用于降低所述第一介质的流动阻力。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述减阻剂包括：聚α-烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧乙烯、聚α-辛烯、聚α-癸烯、阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述减阻剂的相对分子质量大于或等于2*105。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，还包括：破乳剂；所述破乳剂用于破坏所述第一介质与所述第二相形成的乳状液。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述破乳剂包括：烷基萘磺酸钠、石油磺酸钠、环烷酸盐、聚环氧乙烷环氧丙烷共聚物、有机醇、有机酮中的至少一种。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述烷基萘磺酸钠的分子结构式包括：
    所述R包括：疏水基团。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述环烷酸盐的分子结构式包括：
    所述中n在3-12。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述有机醇的分子结构式包括：
    中的至少一种。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述有机酮的分子结构式包括：
    中的至少一种。
  21. 根据权利要求15-20任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述破乳剂的亲水亲油平衡值在1-20。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述液冷模件包括：流道层和至少两层覆盖层，一层所述覆盖层设置在所述流道层的一侧，另一层所述覆盖层设置在所述流道层的另一侧，所述覆盖层与所述流道层围设形成所述腔体，至少一层所述覆盖层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述流道层的熔融温与所述覆盖层的熔融温度的差值小于或等于20℃。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述流道层的热膨胀系数与所述覆盖层的热膨胀系数的差值小于或等于10*10-6/℃。
  25. 根据权利要求22-24任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述覆盖层的厚度小于或等于2mm。
  26. 根据权利要求22-25任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，至少一层所述覆盖层采用透明材料，所述透明材料包括：无机玻璃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、环烯烃类共聚物、聚四甲基戊烯、聚酰亚胺、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物中的至少一种。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述透明材料的分子结构式包括：
    中的至少一种；
    所述中n在100-200；所述中n在100-200。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，所述透明材料的分子结构式包括：
    中的至少一种；所述中n在240-340；所述中n在200-300。
  29. 根据权利要求22-28任一项所述的液冷模组，其特征在于，还包括：防蒸散层，所述防蒸散层设置在所述覆盖层表面，所述防蒸散层的密度大于所述覆盖层的密度，所述防蒸散层的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值。
  30. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：壳体和权利要求1-29任一项所述的液冷模组；
    所述液冷模组嵌入所述壳体，所述壳体至少部分区域的可见光透过率大于或等于阈值，所述壳体对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域与所述液冷模件对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分重合。
  31. 一种配件，适用于电子设备，其特征在于，包括：配件本体和权利要求1-29中任一项所述的液冷模组，所述液冷模组嵌入所述配件本体；所述配件本体对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域与所述液冷模件对可见光透过率大于或等于阈值的区域至少部分重合。
PCT/CN2024/095822 2023-05-30 2024-05-28 液冷模组、电子设备及配件 Ceased WO2024245241A1 (zh)

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CN120692803A (zh) * 2024-03-22 2025-09-23 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种液冷散热器和功率模组

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