WO2024250680A1 - 功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法 - Google Patents

功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024250680A1
WO2024250680A1 PCT/CN2024/072029 CN2024072029W WO2024250680A1 WO 2024250680 A1 WO2024250680 A1 WO 2024250680A1 CN 2024072029 W CN2024072029 W CN 2024072029W WO 2024250680 A1 WO2024250680 A1 WO 2024250680A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminals
terminal
temperature
value
power converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/072029
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚远
于心宇
辛凯
蔡兆奇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP24751357.5A priority Critical patent/EP4506701A4/en
Priority to US18/899,666 priority patent/US20250023456A1/en
Publication of WO2024250680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024250680A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0012—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies characterised by the contingency detection means in AC networks, e.g. using phasor measurement units [PMU], synchrophasors or contingency analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/66—Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
    • G01R31/68—Testing of releasable connections, e.g. of terminals mounted on a printed circuit board
    • G01R31/69—Testing of releasable connections, e.g. of terminals mounted on a printed circuit board of terminals at the end of a cable or a wire harness; of plugs; of sockets, e.g. wall sockets or power sockets in appliances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power equipment detection, and in particular to a method for detecting power converter and terminal status.
  • Terminal blocks are devices used to connect wires or conductors. They can be used to secure wires and provide electrical connections so that current can flow between circuits and devices. They are widely used in home appliances, industrial control panels, telecommunications equipment, and more.
  • the contact resistance will increase due to poor contact of the crimping surface.
  • a poor connection will cause the temperature of the terminal to rise, and eventually the terminal may burn, and in severe cases, fire or short circuit of the equipment may occur.
  • the present application provides a method for detecting the state of a power converter and a terminal.
  • the relative change of the temperature of any terminal with respect to other terminals can be directly determined, so as to quickly determine whether there is an abnormal temperature rise caused by a virtual connection in multiple terminals according to the magnitude of the relative change, thereby helping to improve the detection efficiency of determining whether the terminal is virtual.
  • the possible misjudgment caused by the high operating temperature of the terminals can also be reduced.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a power converter.
  • the power converter provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a control unit, a plurality of wiring terminals, a power conversion circuit and a plurality of temperature detection units. Among them, the first end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the power conversion circuit, and the second end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the external circuit.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units are used to detect the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals, and the control unit is used to output a signal that the plurality of wiring terminals are abnormal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, wherein the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of another wiring terminal other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals or the average value of the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units are used to detect the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals and the temperature value of the power converter, and the control unit is used to output a signal that the plurality of wiring terminals are abnormal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the temperature value of the power converter is greater than or equal to the second temperature difference threshold.
  • the power converter provided by the embodiment of the present application can quickly judge whether there is an abnormal temperature rise caused by virtual connection in multiple terminals according to the size of the relative change of the temperature of the terminal relative to other terminals by comparing the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the multiple terminals and the temperature value of other terminals with the first temperature difference threshold value, thereby helping to improve the detection efficiency of judging whether the terminal is virtual connection.
  • the misjudgment that may be caused by the high operating temperature of the terminal can also be reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also quickly judge whether there is an abnormal temperature rise caused by virtual connection in the terminal according to the size of the relative change, thereby improving the detection efficiency of judging whether the terminal is virtual connection.
  • the plurality of wiring terminals include a first wiring terminal and a second wiring terminal
  • the first reference temperature value is a temperature value of the second terminal.
  • the control unit is configured to output a signal indicating that an abnormality exists in the first wiring terminal or the second wiring terminal when an absolute value of a difference between the temperature value of the first wiring terminal and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to a first temperature difference threshold.
  • the temperatures of the two terminals can be quickly determined, thereby improving the efficiency of detecting false connections.
  • the plurality of wiring terminals include a third wiring terminal and at least two fourth wiring terminals other than the third wiring terminal, and the first temperature reference value is an average of temperature values of the at least two fourth wiring terminals.
  • the control unit is configured to output a signal indicating that an abnormality exists in the third wiring terminal when an absolute value of a difference between the temperature value of the third wiring terminal and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to a first temperature difference threshold.
  • the abnormal terminal can be directly determined when the absolute value of the difference between the two is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, thereby improving the detection accuracy.
  • the plurality of connection terminals are all current input terminals of the power converter.
  • the plurality of connection terminals are all current output terminals of the power converter.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than the one of the multiple terminals is less than or equal to a first current difference threshold.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than the one of the multiple terminals is less than or equal to a second current difference threshold.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current values of the compared terminal and other terminal is within a certain threshold range, thereby ensuring that the working temperatures during normal operation are close, thereby improving the accuracy of detection.
  • the greater the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than the one of the multiple terminals the greater the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the greater the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than the one of the multiple terminals the greater the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the size of the temperature difference threshold can be adjusted according to the difference in current values between different terminals, so as to achieve higher judgment accuracy during temperature comparison, thereby improving the accuracy of judging whether the terminal is loosely connected during temperature detection.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a terminal state detection method, which is applied to a power converter, and the power converter includes a control unit, a plurality of wiring terminals, a power conversion circuit and a plurality of temperature detection units.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application includes obtaining the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals, and when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, outputting a signal that the plurality of wiring terminals are abnormal, wherein the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of another wiring terminal other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals or the average value of the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals.
  • the plurality of wiring terminals include a first wiring terminal and a second wiring terminal
  • the first reference temperature value is a temperature value of the second terminal.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present application includes, when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of the first wiring terminal and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to a first temperature difference threshold, outputting a signal that an abnormality exists in the first wiring terminal or the second wiring terminal.
  • a signal indicating that the first terminal is abnormal when the temperature value of the first terminal is greater than the first reference temperature value, a signal indicating that the first terminal is abnormal is output.
  • a signal indicating that the second terminal is abnormal is output.
  • the plurality of wiring terminals include a third wiring terminal and at least two fourth wiring terminals other than the third wiring terminal, and the first temperature reference value is an average of temperature values of the at least two fourth wiring terminals.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present application includes, when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of the third wiring terminal and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to a first temperature difference threshold, outputting a signal that an abnormality exists in the third wiring terminal.
  • the plurality of connection terminals are current input terminals of the power converter.
  • the multiple wiring terminals are all current output terminals of the power converter.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than the one of the multiple terminals is less than or equal to the first current difference threshold.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than the one of the multiple terminals is less than or equal to the second current difference threshold.
  • the greater the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than the one of the multiple terminals the greater the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the greater the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than the one of the multiple terminals the greater the first temperature difference threshold.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic system, comprising an input power supply, a load and the power converter of the first aspect above, wherein the input end of the power converter is electrically connected to the output end of the input power supply, the output end of the power converter is connected to the load via an AC bus, and the power converter is used to convert the DC power input by the input power supply into AC power and output it to the load.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power converter in the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a terminal status detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic flowchart of another terminal status detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of another terminal status detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • references to "some embodiments” and the like described in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • phrases such as “in some embodiments” and the like that appear at different places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean “one or more but not all embodiments”, unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • the terms “include”, “comprises”, “has” and their variations all mean “including but not limited to”, unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • the photovoltaic system provided by this application can be applied to different application scenarios, such as photovoltaic power supply scenarios, photovoltaic storage hybrid power supply scenarios, etc., or applied to large ground power stations, industrial and commercial, family residences, etc.
  • the power supply in the photovoltaic power supply scenario, is a photovoltaic module; in the photovoltaic storage hybrid power supply scenario, the power supply includes a photovoltaic module and a storage battery string.
  • the photovoltaic power supply scenario is used as an example for explanation below.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system generally includes a photovoltaic array, a power optimizer and a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the photovoltaic array includes multiple photovoltaic modules, each of which is electrically connected to the power optimizer. Multiple photovoltaic modules and the power optimizer are connected in series and connected to the input end of the inverter, and the output end of the inverter is connected to the AC power grid or household appliances.
  • the power optimizer can convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic modules connected to its input end into DC power with a preset voltage through DC conversion, and output the DC power to the inverter.
  • the inverter inverts the DC power output by the power optimizer into AC power, thereby realizing power supply to various types of electrical equipment such as AC power grids or AC loads (such as household appliances).
  • Terminals are devices used to connect wires or conductors. They can be used to fix wires and provide electrical connections so that current can flow between circuits and devices.
  • the terminals may be affected by factors such as device aging and human damage, resulting in virtual connections and other conditions, causing abnormal terminal connections.
  • PV inverters generally have high operating power, so in the case of abnormal terminal connections, the large output current will cause the terminal temperature to rise rapidly, posing a hidden danger to the power generation system, equipment safety, and personal safety.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power converter in the prior art. It should be understood that the power converter can be the above-mentioned power optimizer or inverter. As shown in FIG. 2 , the external circuit 131 is connected to the power conversion circuit 120 of the power converter 100 via the wiring terminal 111, wherein the wiring terminal 111 includes a wiring terminal interface 114 and a wiring terminal plug 115. When the connection between the wiring terminal interface 114 and the wiring terminal plug 115 is abnormal, that is, the electrical connection between the external circuit 131 and the power conversion circuit 120 is not firm, the above-mentioned hidden danger may occur.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting the state of a power converter and a terminal.
  • a method for detecting the state of a power converter and a terminal By comparing the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the multiple terminals and the temperature value of the other terminals with a first temperature difference threshold, it is possible to quickly determine whether there is an abnormal temperature rise caused by a virtual connection in the multiple terminals according to the size of the relative change of the temperature of the terminal relative to the other terminals, thereby helping to improve the detection efficiency of determining whether the terminal is virtual.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also quickly determine whether there is an abnormal temperature rise caused by a virtual connection in the terminal according to the size of the relative change, thereby improving the detection efficiency of determining whether the terminal is virtual.
  • the power converter provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a control unit, a plurality of wiring terminals, a power conversion circuit and a plurality of temperature detection units. Among them, the first end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the power conversion circuit, and the second end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the external circuit.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units are used to detect the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals, and the control unit is used to output a signal indicating that the plurality of wiring terminals are abnormal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, wherein the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of another wiring terminal other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals or the average value of the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units are used to detect the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals and the temperature value of the power converter, and the control unit is used to output a signal indicating that the plurality of wiring terminals are abnormal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the temperature value of the power converter is greater than or equal to the second temperature difference threshold.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power converter of the embodiment of the present application can be applied to photovoltaic power generation conversion equipment.
  • a power optimizer or inverter in a photovoltaic system for example, a power optimizer or inverter in a photovoltaic system.
  • the power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a control unit (not shown in the figure), a plurality of wiring terminals, a power conversion circuit 220 and a plurality of temperature detection units.
  • the first ends of the plurality of connection terminals are used to connect to the power conversion circuit, and the second ends of the plurality of connection terminals are used to connect to the External circuit.
  • the plurality of terminals include a terminal 211, a terminal 212, ..., and a terminal 21n.
  • the first end of the terminal 211 is used to connect the power conversion circuit 220, the second end of the terminal 211 is used to connect the external circuit 231, the first end of the terminal 212 is used to connect the power conversion circuit 220, the second end of the terminal 212 is used to connect the external circuit 232, the first end of the terminal 21n is used to connect the power conversion circuit 220, and the second end of the terminal 21n is used to connect the external circuit 23n.
  • the aforementioned external circuit may be a circuit that provides input for the power converter, or a circuit that receives the current output of the power converter.
  • the external circuit when the power converter is an optimizer, the external circuit may be an input circuit of the optimizer connected to one end of the solar panel, or an output circuit of the optimizer connected to one end of the inverter; when the power converter is an inverter, the external circuit may be a DC input circuit of the inverter connected to one end of the solar panel, the optimizer, or the energy storage unit, or an AC output circuit of the inverter connected to one end of the load or the power grid.
  • the terminal block 211 includes a terminal block interface and a terminal block plug.
  • the terminal block interface of the terminal block 211 is used to connect the power conversion circuit 220
  • the terminal block plug of the terminal block 211 is used to connect the external circuit 231.
  • the connection method between the terminal block interface and the terminal block plug includes welding, clamping, plugging, and screw fixing. For example, tighten the screw on the terminal block interface so that it clamps the metal pin on the terminal block plug to achieve electrical connection between the pins.
  • the structures of other terminal blocks are similar to those of the terminal block 211 and are not repeated here.
  • the terminal block includes a socket terminal block, a screw terminal block, a spring terminal block, and the like.
  • a plurality of temperature detection units are used to detect the temperature values of a plurality of terminals.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units include a temperature detection unit 241, a temperature detection unit 242, ..., a temperature detection unit 24n.
  • the temperature detection unit 241 is used to detect the temperature value of the terminal 211, and the temperature detection units 242 to 24n are similar to the temperature detection unit 241, and are not described in detail here.
  • the aforementioned temperature detection unit can be a negative thermistor (Negative Temperature Coefficient, NTC), an infrared temperature sensor, etc.
  • the temperature detection unit can be arranged on a PCB connected to the terminal, or on a terminal interface, or on a terminal plug, or be designed as an integral part with the terminal.
  • the temperature detection unit can be arranged inside a power converter or outside a power converter, or on a component of a power converter, such as a housing of a power device.
  • the power converter is a direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, an alternating current/alternating current (AC/AC) converter, an alternating current/alternating current (AC/DC) converter, or a direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) converter.
  • DC/DC direct current/direct current
  • AC/AC alternating current/alternating current
  • AC/DC alternating current/alternating current
  • DC/AC direct current/alternating current
  • the power conversion circuit in the power converter is used for power conversion of the external circuit.
  • the power conversion circuit is mainly divided into a rectifier circuit, an inverter circuit, an AC conversion circuit and a DC conversion circuit. This application will not go into details here.
  • the power conversion circuit can be carried by a printed circuit board (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the connection method between the terminal interface and the PCB includes screw fixing, spring connection, bayonet connection, welding, etc.
  • the wire of the terminal interface is clamped in the pin of the PCB by a screw.
  • the power conversion circuit 220 is an inverter circuit
  • the external circuit 231 is connected to the photovoltaic array
  • the external circuit 232 is connected to the power grid.
  • the direct current generated by the photovoltaic array is connected to the power conversion circuit 220 through the terminal 211.
  • the power conversion circuit 220 converts the direct current into alternating current, it is connected to the power grid through the terminal 212 to supply power to the power grid.
  • control unit is used to output a signal indicating that there are abnormalities in the multiple terminals when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the multiple terminals and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, wherein the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of another terminal other than one of the multiple terminals or the average value of the temperature values of multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals.
  • the first temperature difference threshold can be set based on experimental data, working environment, safety requirements and other factors.
  • one of the multiple terminals may be terminal 211, and when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of terminal 211 among the multiple terminals and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, a signal that the multiple terminals are abnormal is output, wherein the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of another terminal other than terminal 211 among the multiple terminals or the average value of the temperature values of multiple terminals other than terminal 211 among the multiple terminals.
  • the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of terminal 212, or the average value of the temperature values of terminals 212 to 21n.
  • the control unit If the temperature value of terminal 211 is 45, the first reference temperature value is 40, and the first temperature difference threshold is 5, that is, the difference between terminal 211 and ... The absolute value of the value is equal to the first temperature difference threshold, and at this time the control unit outputs a signal indicating that there are abnormalities in the multiple connection terminals.
  • the arithmetic mean or weighted mean of the temperature values of multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals.
  • control unit may be an independent device or a device or module integrated in the power converter.
  • the present application does not limit the specific form of the control unit.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided by an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the power converter shown in Fig. 4 includes most of the technical features of the power converter shown in Fig. 3. The following mainly describes the difference between Fig. 4 and Fig. 3, and most of the same contents are not repeated.
  • a plurality of temperature detection units are used to detect the temperature values of a plurality of terminals and the temperature value of a power converter.
  • the temperature detection unit 350 is used to detect the temperature value of the power converter
  • the control unit is used to output a signal indicating that a plurality of terminals are abnormal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of terminals and the temperature value of the power converter is greater than or equal to the second temperature difference threshold.
  • the temperature value of the power converter is the temperature inside or outside the power converter, or the temperature of a power converter component, for example, the temperature detection unit 350 detects the temperature of the PCB in the power converter 300, the temperature of the power converter housing, etc.
  • the second temperature difference threshold can be set according to factors such as experimental data, working environment, safety requirements, etc.
  • the second temperature difference threshold is greater than the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the control unit outputs a signal indicating that there are abnormalities in multiple terminals.
  • control unit is configured to continue normal operation when an absolute value of a difference between a temperature value of one of the plurality of terminals and a temperature value of the power converter is smaller than a second temperature difference threshold.
  • the plurality of wiring terminals include a first wiring terminal and a second wiring terminal
  • the first reference temperature value is a temperature value of the second terminal.
  • the control unit is configured to output a signal indicating that an abnormality exists in the first wiring terminal or the second wiring terminal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of the first wiring terminal and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to a first temperature difference threshold.
  • the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of the wiring terminal 312.
  • the first temperature difference threshold value T1 is set to 5
  • the temperature value of the wiring terminal 311 is 40
  • the temperature value of the wiring terminal 312 is 35.
  • the control unit outputs a signal indicating that there is an abnormality in the wiring terminal 311 or the wiring terminal 312; and when the temperature value of the wiring terminal 311 is 40 and the temperature value of the wiring terminal 312 is 40, ⁇ T1 is 0, and ⁇ T1 is less than T1 , and the normal operation continues.
  • a signal indicating that the first terminal is abnormal is output.
  • a signal indicating that the second terminal is abnormal is output.
  • the control unit determines the correspondence between the temperature data detected by the temperature detection unit and the multiple terminals through a multiple-choice circuit. For example, the control unit determines the size of the temperature values of the terminals 311 and 312 detected by the temperature detection unit 341 and the temperature detection unit 342 through a two-choice circuit, and the obtained temperature value can correspond to a specific terminal.
  • the multiple-choice circuit also includes a four-choice circuit, an eight-choice circuit, etc., which will not be repeated here.
  • the plurality of wiring terminals include a third wiring terminal and at least two fourth wiring terminals other than the third wiring terminal, and the first temperature reference value is an average of temperature values of the at least two fourth wiring terminals.
  • the control unit is configured to output a signal that a connection state of the third wiring terminal is abnormal when an absolute value of a difference between a temperature value of the third wiring terminal and a first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to a first temperature difference threshold.
  • connection terminal 311 when the connection terminal 311 is used as the third connection terminal, at least two fourth connection terminals other than the third connection terminal can select the connection terminal 312 to the connection terminal 31n as the fourth connection terminal, and the first temperature reference value is the average of the temperature values of the connection terminal 312 to the connection terminal 31n. If the first temperature difference threshold is 5, the temperature value of the third connection terminal is 56, and the first reference temperature value is 50, at this time, the temperature value of the third connection terminal is greater than the first reference temperature value, and a signal indicating that the connection terminal 311 is abnormal is output.
  • the control unit outputs a signal indicating that there is an abnormality in the third terminal, which can improve the detection efficiency.
  • the plurality of connection terminals are all current input terminals of the power converter.
  • the plurality of connection terminals are all current output terminals of the power converter.
  • the power conversion circuit includes a rectifier circuit, an inverter circuit, an AC conversion circuit and a DC conversion circuit, as shown in Figure 4, if the power conversion circuit 320 is an inverter circuit, the terminal 311 is a DC input terminal, and the terminal 312 is an AC output terminal, or the power conversion circuit 320 is a DC conversion circuit, the terminal 311 is a DC input terminal, and the terminal 312 is a DC output terminal, the current at the current input terminal and the current output terminal changes, so that the normal operating temperature may be different. Therefore, the terminals selected for comparison are all the current input terminals or current output terminals of the power converter to improve the accuracy of detection.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of yet another power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power converter 400 includes a control unit, a plurality of terminals, a power conversion circuit 420 and a plurality of temperature detection units.
  • the plurality of terminals include a DC terminal 411, a DC terminal 412, a DC terminal 413 and a DC terminal 414.
  • the power conversion circuit 420 is a DC conversion circuit for converting DC power into another type of DC power, wherein DC circuits 431 and 432 are DC input terminals, and DC circuits 433 and 434 are DC output terminals.
  • the power converter 400 is a power optimizer, which can adjust the size of the DC current output by the solar photovoltaic panel according to the power generation capacity of the solar photovoltaic panel to improve the barrel effect of the photovoltaic string.
  • the DC circuit 431 and the DC circuit 432 are DC input terminals, which can be connected to the solar panel
  • the DC circuit 433 and the DC circuit 434 are DC output terminals, which can be connected to the input terminal of the inverter.
  • the terminal of the optimizer it may also be accompanied by an abnormal temperature. Its input terminal or output terminal can be detected with reference to the above embodiment.
  • the terminal at the same end is usually selected for temperature comparison to determine whether there is an abnormality.
  • the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of the DC terminal 412 at the input end
  • the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of the DC terminal 414 at the output end.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the present application is described below in conjunction with FIG. 6 .
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another power converter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power converter 500 includes a control unit, a plurality of wiring terminals, a power conversion circuit 520 and a plurality of temperature detection units. Among them, the first end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the power conversion circuit, and the second end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the external circuit.
  • the power converter 500 is an inverter, which can convert the DC power output by the power optimizer into AC power used by the load.
  • the power converter shown in FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inverter. Specifically, DC terminals 511, 512, and 513 are DC input terminals that can be connected to the power optimizer, and AC terminals 514, 515, and 516 are AC output terminals that can be connected to the input terminal of the load.
  • the power conversion circuit 520 is an inverter circuit for converting DC power into AC power.
  • the DC terminal 512 and the DC terminal 513 other than the third terminal can be selected as the fourth terminal
  • the first reference temperature value is the average of the temperature values of the DC terminal 512 and the DC terminal 513.
  • the control unit is used to output a signal indicating that the DC terminal 511 is abnormal when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of the DC terminal 511 and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the first temperature difference threshold T1 is set to 5
  • the temperature value of the DC terminal 511 is 40
  • the temperature values of the DC terminal 512 and the DC terminal 513 are 33 and 35 respectively, that is, the first reference temperature value is 34.
  • the absolute value ⁇ T1 of the difference between the temperature value of the DC terminal 511 and the first reference temperature value is 6, ⁇ T1 is greater than T1 , and the control unit outputs a signal indicating that the DC terminal 511 is abnormal.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than one of the multiple terminals is less than or equal to the first current difference threshold.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals is less than or equal to the second current difference threshold. In this way, the absolute value of the difference between the current value of the terminal being compared and the other terminals is within a certain threshold range, thereby ensuring that the operating temperature during normal operation is close, thereby improving the accuracy of detection.
  • the DC terminal 411 when the DC terminal 411 is used as the first terminal and the DC terminal 412 is used as another terminal other than the DC terminal 411 among the plurality of terminals, if the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through the DC terminal 411 and the current value flowing through the DC terminal 412 is less than or equal to the first current difference threshold, that is, it can be considered that the current value flowing through the DC terminal 411 is close to the current value flowing through the DC terminal 412, so the operating temperatures are close under normal working conditions, and thus it can be considered that the DC terminal 411 and the DC terminal 412 are close to each other. To determine whether there are abnormalities in multiple terminals according to the actual working temperature.
  • the first current difference threshold and the second current difference threshold can be set according to factors such as working conditions, environment, and safety requirements.
  • the current value flowing through the AC terminal is the effective value of the current in the AC circuit.
  • the current value in the DC circuit and the effective value of the current in the AC circuit can be measured by a current detection device.
  • the effective value of current is an important parameter of an AC signal, usually calculated using the root mean square (RMS), which can be used to represent the magnitude of an AC signal.
  • RMS root mean square
  • an AC with an effective current value of 10A means that the average power of this AC signal is equal to the power of a 10A DC signal.
  • the greater the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than one of the multiple terminals the greater the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the greater the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals the greater the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the first temperature difference threshold value can be 5; when calculating the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of terminal 511 and the temperature value of terminal 513, the first temperature difference threshold value can be 10, that is, the larger the absolute value of the difference between the compared current values, the larger the first temperature difference threshold value.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than one of the multiple terminals is linearly correlated with the change of the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current value flowing through multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals is linearly correlated with the change of the first temperature difference threshold.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through the DC terminal 511 and the current value flowing through the DC terminal 512 is x
  • the first temperature difference threshold is y.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the current value flowing through another terminal other than one of the multiple terminals or the absolute value ⁇ I of the difference between the current value flowing through one of the multiple terminals and the average value of the current values flowing through multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals is nonlinearly correlated with the change of the first temperature difference threshold.
  • different current thresholds I 1 , I 2 , and I 3 may be set. In the case of I 1 ⁇ I ⁇ I 2 , the magnitude of the first temperature difference threshold T 1 may be set to T'; in the case of I 2 ⁇ I ⁇ I 3 , the magnitude of the first temperature difference threshold T 1 may be set to T".
  • the terminal status detection method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with Figures 7 to 9. It should be understood that the method described below can be applied to the device of the aforementioned embodiment of the present application. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the functions of the aforementioned device can be referred to when introducing the method of the embodiment of the present application, and repeated descriptions are appropriately omitted.
  • the present application provides a method for detecting a terminal state, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic flow chart of a terminal state detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the power converter includes a control unit, a plurality of connection terminals, a power conversion circuit and a plurality of temperature detection units.
  • the temperature values of the plurality of connection terminals may be detected by a temperature detection unit.
  • the first reference temperature value is a temperature value of another terminal other than one of the multiple terminals or an average value of temperature values of multiple terminals other than one of the multiple terminals.
  • S720 includes:
  • the plurality of terminals include the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of the second terminal.
  • the plurality of terminals include the third terminal and at least two fourth terminals other than the third terminal, and the first temperature reference value is an average of the temperature values of the at least two fourth terminals.
  • the plurality of terminals in the embodiment of the present application can be terminals 211 to terminals 21n, and the temperature values of the plurality of terminals can be obtained by temperature detection units 241 to temperature detection units 24n.
  • the present application provides another terminal status detection method, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • FIG8 shows a schematic flowchart of another terminal status detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the detection efficiency of determining whether the terminal is in a virtual connection can be improved according to the magnitude of the relative change.
  • the plurality of terminals in the embodiment of the present application can be terminals 311 to 31n, and the temperature value of the power converter can be obtained by the temperature detection unit 350.
  • the present application Based on the power converter shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 , the present application provides another terminal status detection method, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic flow chart of another terminal status detection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method provided in Fig. 9 can be combined with the methods provided in the above embodiments respectively.
  • the specific implementation is shown in Fig. 9.
  • S910 Obtain an absolute value ⁇ T 1 of a difference between a temperature value of a first wiring terminal and a first reference temperature value of a second wiring terminal.
  • the first wiring terminal is one of the multiple wiring terminals
  • the second wiring terminal is another wiring terminal other than the first wiring terminal among the multiple wiring terminals.
  • ⁇ I is greater than or equal to I t
  • I t the working current between the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal is greatly different, that is, the normal working temperature between the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal is also greatly different, and the value of T 1 is T large .
  • ⁇ I is less than I t
  • T 1 the working current between the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal is close, that is, the normal working temperature between the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal is less different, and the value of T 1 is T small .
  • ⁇ T 1 When ⁇ T 1 is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold T 1 , it indicates that the temperature difference between the first terminal and the second terminal is too large and an abnormality exists. At this time, a signal indicating that an abnormality exists in the first terminal or the second terminal is output.
  • the temperature value of the first terminal is greater than the first reference temperature value, it means that the temperature value of the first terminal is higher, and a signal indicating an abnormality in the first terminal is output. If the temperature value of the first terminal is less than the first reference temperature value, it means that the temperature value of the second terminal is higher, and a signal indicating an abnormality in the second terminal is output.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a power converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power converter 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a control unit 1010, a plurality of wiring terminals, a power conversion circuit and a plurality of temperature detection units 1020.
  • the first end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the power conversion circuit
  • the second end of the plurality of wiring terminals is used to connect the external circuit.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units 1020 are used to detect the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals, and the control unit 1010 is used to output a signal that the plurality of wiring terminals have abnormalities when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the first reference temperature value is greater than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, wherein the first reference temperature value is the temperature value of another wiring terminal other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals or the average value of the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals other than one of the plurality of wiring terminals.
  • the plurality of temperature detection units 1020 are used to detect the temperature values of the plurality of wiring terminals and the temperature value of the power converter, and the control unit 1010 is used to output a signal that the plurality of wiring terminals have abnormalities when the absolute value of the difference between the temperature value of one of the plurality of wiring terminals and the temperature value of the power converter is greater than or equal to the second temperature difference threshold.
  • the specific structure and function of the power converter 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can refer to the embodiments of the corresponding devices and methods in the aforementioned power converter, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photovoltaic system includes an input power supply 1101, a load 1102, and a power converter 500 as in the embodiment of FIG6 , wherein the input end of the power converter 500 is electrically connected to the output end of the input power supply 1101, and the output end of the power converter 500 is connected to the load 1102 via an AC bus, and the power converter 500 is used to convert the DC power input by the input power supply 1101 into AC power and output it to the load 1102.
  • the load 1102 includes an AC power grid.
  • the photovoltaic system is a photovoltaic power supply system, wherein the photovoltaic power supply system includes a photovoltaic array, a power grid and a photovoltaic inverter, the input end of the photovoltaic inverter is electrically connected to the output end of the photovoltaic array, the output end of the photovoltaic inverter and the power grid are connected through an AC bus, and the photovoltaic inverter is used to convert the direct current output by the photovoltaic array into alternating current and output it to the power grid.
  • the photovoltaic components in the photovoltaic array are connected to a power optimizer, which can be the power converter 400 in the embodiment of FIG5.
  • the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法。该功率变换器包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元，其中，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。本申请能够根据多个接线端子的温度值直接判断其中一个接线端子相对于其他接线端子温度的相对变化，从而根据相对变化的大小，快速判断多个接线端子中是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，进而有助于提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。

Description

功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法
本申请要求于2023年06月07日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202310674754.4、申请名称为“功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力设备检测领域，尤其涉及一种功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法。
背景技术
接线端子是一种用于连接电线或导体的装置，可用于固定电线并提供电气连接，以便电流能够在电路和设备之间流动。其广泛应用于家庭电器、工业控制面板、电信设备等场景。
但是当接线端子出现虚接情况时，会由于压接面接触不良，导致接触电阻增大。对于大功率设备而言，虚接会导致接线端子温度上升，最终可能会发生接线端子烧蚀等现象，严重情况下可能会发生起火或设备的短路。
因此，如何快速发现接线端子虚接的情况成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法，通过获取功率变换器中多个接线端子的温度值，可以直接判断任一个接线端子与其他接线端子温度的相对变化，从而根据相对变化的大小，快速判断多个接线端子中是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，进而有助于提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。此外，在高功率下由于比较了接线端子之间的相对变化，还可以减少在接线端子工作温度较高的情况下所可能导致的误判。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种功率变换器。本申请实施例提供的功率变换器包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元。其中，多个接线端子的第一端用于连接功率变换电路，多个接线端子的第二端用于连接外部电路。多个温度检测单元用于检测多个接线端子的温度值，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。或者，多个温度检测单元用于检测多个接线端子的温度值和检测功率变换器的温度值，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
本申请实施例提供的功率变换器，通过将多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值和其他接线端子的温度值的差值的绝对值与第一温度差异阈值进行比较，可以根据该接线端子相对于其他接线端子温度的相对变化的大小，快速判断多个接线端子中是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，进而有助于提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。此外，在高功率下由于比较了接线端子之间的相对变化，相比于仅根据接线端子工作温度大小判断是否虚接，还可以减少因接线端子工作温度较高所可能导致的误判。另一方面，本申请实施例通过判断多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子与功率变换器的温度的相对变化，同样可以根据相对变化的大小，快速判断该接线端子是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，多个接线端子包括第一接线端子和第二接线端子，第一参考温度值为第二端子的温度值。控制单元用于当第一接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第一接线端子或者第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
在上述技术方案中，通过直接比较两个接线端子的温度值的差值的绝对值和第一温度差异阈值的大小，可以快速对这两个接线端子的温度进行判断，进而提高检测虚接的效率。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，当第一接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值时， 输出第一接线端子存在异常的信号。或者，当第一接线端子的温度值小于第一参考温度值时，输出第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
在上述技术方案中，通过进一步比较两个接线端子的温度值的大小，进而可以确定存在异常的接线端子具体是哪一个，能够提高检测准确度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，多个接线端子包括第三接线端子和第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子，第一温度参考值为至少两个第四接线端子的温度值的平均值。控制单元用于当第三接线端子的温度值和第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第三接线端子存在异常的信号。
在上述技术方案中，通过比较第三接线端子与其他多个接线端子的温度值的平均值，可以在两者的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时直接确定存在异常的接线端子，进而能够提高检测准确度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，多个接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输入端。或者，多个接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输出端。
在上述技术方案中，可以保证功率变换器中同类型的接线端子进行比较，进而可以提高检测准确度，避免多个接线端子的工作状态不一致所产生的误差。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第一电流差异阈值。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第二电流差异阈值。
在上述技术方案中，进行比较的接线端子和其他接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值在一定阈值范围内，从而确保正常工作时的工作温度接近，进而可以提高检测的准确性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。
在上述技术方案中，由于接线端子的电流值越大，其工作温度就越高，所以针对多个接线端子工作电流不同的情况，可以根据不同接线端子之间的电流值差异大小调整温度差异阈值的大小，从而在温度比较时实现更高的判断精度，进而提高温度检测时判断接线端子虚接的准确性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种端子状态的检测方法，应用于功率变换器，该功率变换器包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元。本申请实施例提供的方法包括，获取多个接线端子的温度值，当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。或者，获取功率变换器的温度值和多个接线端子的温度值，当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，多个接线端子包括第一接线端子和第二接线端子，第一参考温度值为第二端子的温度值。本申请实施例的方法包括，当第一接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第一接线端子或者第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，当第一接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值时，输出第一接线端子存在异常的信号。或者，当第一接线端子的温度值小于第一参考温度值时，输出第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，多个接线端子包括第三接线端子和第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子，第一温度参考值为至少两个第四接线端子的温度值的平均值。本申请实施例的方法包括，当第三接线端子的温度值和第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第三接线端子存在异常的信号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，多个接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输入端。或者， 多个接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输出端。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第一电流差异阈值。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第二电流差异阈值。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种光伏系统，包括输入电源、负载和上述第一方面中的功率变换器，功率变换器的输入端与输入电源的输出端电连接，功率变换器的输出端与负载通过交流母线连接，功率变换器用于将输入电源输入的直流电转变为交流电并输出至负载。
上述第二方面、第三方面可以达到的技术效果，可以参照上述第一方面中的技术效果描述，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏发电系统的示意图。
图2是现有技术中一种功率变换器的示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种功率变换器的示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的再一种功率变换器的示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的再一种功率变换器的示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的再一种功率变换器的示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种端子状态的检测方法的示意性流程图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种端子状态的检测方法的示意性流程图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的再一种端子状态的检测方法的示意性流程图。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种功率变换器的示意性框图。
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示或的意思，例如，A/B可以表示A或B；本文中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。在附图中，相同或相似的标号表示相同或相似的元件或具有相同或相似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
本申请中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。下文各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。例如，本申请实施例中，“110”、“210”、“220”等字样仅为了描述方便作出的标识，并不是对装置进行限定。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
在本公开实施例使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本公开实施例。在本 公开实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
首先介绍本申请的应用场景。本申请提供的光伏系统可适用于不同的应用场景，比如，光伏供电场景、光储混合供电场景等，或应用于大型地面电站、工商业、家庭住宅等。其中，光伏供电场景中，供电电源为光伏组件；光储混合供电场景中，供电电源包括光伏组件和储能电池组串。下面以光伏供电场景为例进行说明。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏发电系统的示意图。
在光伏供电场景下，如图1所示，光伏发电系统一般包括光伏阵列、功率优化器和光伏逆变器。光伏阵列包括多个光伏组件，每个光伏组件与功率优化器电连接，多个光伏组件和功率优化器串联后接入逆变器的输入端，逆变器的输出端连接至交流电网或者家用设备。在光伏发电系统开始运行后，功率优化器可将与其输入端相连的光伏组件产生的直流电经过直流变换成电压为预设值的直流电，并将该直流电输出至逆变器，逆变器将功率优化器输出的直流电逆变为交流电，进而实现对交流电网或者交流负载(如家用设备)等多种类型的用电设备进行供电。
在该场景中，功率优化器和逆变器的输入端和输出端通常通过接线端子与外部电路进行连接。接线端子是一种用于连接电线或导体的装置，可用于固定电线并提供电气连接，以便电流能够在电路和设备之间流动。在使用过程中，接线端子由于受到器件老化、人为损坏等因素的影响，可能会出现虚接等情况导致接线端子异常。而光伏逆变器一般工作功率较大，所以在接线端子异常的情况下，大输出电流会使得接线端子温度快速上升，对发电系统、设备安全、人身安全造成隐患。
图2是现有技术中一种功率变换器的示意图。应理解，该功率变换器可以为上述的功率优化器或逆变器。如图2所示，外部电路131通过接线端子111与功率变换器100的功率变换电路120进行连接，其中，接线端子111包括接线端子接口114和接线端子插头115。当接线端子接口114和接线端子插头115连接异常时，即外部电路131和功率变换电路120的电气连接不牢固，就可能导致上述隐患。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种功率变换器和端子状态的检测方法，通过将多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值和其他接线端子的温度值的差值的绝对值与第一温度差异阈值进行比较，可以根据该接线端子相对于其他接线端子温度的相对变化的大小，快速判断多个接线端子中是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，进而有助于提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。此外，在高功率下由于比较了接线端子之间的相对变化，相比于仅根据接线端子工作温度大小判断是否虚接，还可以减少因接线端子工作温度较高所可能导致的误判。另一方面，本申请实施例通过判断多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子与功率变换器的温度的相对变化，同样可以根据相对变化的大小，快速判断该接线端子是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。
下面通过图3至图6详细说明本申请实施例的功率变换器的结构。应理解，图3至图6的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例，而非要将申请实施例限制于图3至图6的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改和变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
本申请实施例提供的功率变换器包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元。其中，多个接线端子的第一端用于连接功率变换电路，多个接线端子的第二端用于连接外部电路。多个温度检测单元用于检测多个接线端子的温度值，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。或者，多个温度检测单元用于检测多个接线端子的温度值和检测功率变换器的温度值，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种功率变换器的示意图。本申请实施例的功率变换器可以应用于光伏发电变流设备。例如，光伏系统中的功率优化器或逆变器。如图3所示，本申请实施例提供的功率变换器包括控制单元(图中未示出)、多个接线端子、功率变换电路220和多个温度检测单元。
本申请实施例中，多个接线端子的第一端用于连接功率变换电路，多个接线端子的第二端用于连接 外部电路。如图3所示，多个接线端子包括接线端子211、接线端子212、…、接线端子21n。接线端子211的第一端用于连接功率变换电路220，接线端子211的第二端用于连接外部电路231，接线端子212的第一端用于连接功率变换电路220，接线端子212的第二端用于连接外部电路232，接线端子21n的第一端用于连接功率变换电路220，接线端子21n的第二端用于连接外部电路23n。其中，前述外部电路可以是为功率变换器提供输入的电路，也可以是接收功率变换器电流输出的电路，例如，当功率变换器为优化器时，该外部电路可以是优化器连接太阳能电池板一端的输入电路，也可以是优化器连接逆变器一端的输出电路；当功率变换器为逆变器时，该外部电路可以是逆变器连接太阳能电池板或优化器或储能单元一端的直流输入电路，也可以是逆变器连接负载或电网一端的交流输出电路。
在一些实施例中，接线端子211包括接线端子接口和接线端子插头。接线端子211的接线端子接口用于连接功率变换电路220，接线端子211的接线端子插头用于连接外部电路231。其中，接线端子接口和接线端子插头的连接方式包括焊接、夹接、插接、螺钉固定。例如，将接线端子接口上的螺钉旋紧，使其夹紧接线端子插头上的金属引脚，实现引脚之间的电气连接。其他接线端子的结构与接线端子211的结构类似，在此不再赘述。示例性地，接线端子包括插座式接线端子、螺钉式接线端子、弹簧式接线端子等。
本申请实施例中，多个温度检测单元用于检测多个接线端子的温度值。如图2所示，多个温度检测单元包括温度检测单元241、温度检测单元242、…、温度检测单元24n。温度检测单元241用于检测接线端子211的温度值，温度检测单元242至温度检测单元24n与温度检测单元241类似，在此不再赘述。其中，前述温度检测单元可以为负性热敏电阻(Negative Temperature Coefficient，NTC)，红外温度传感器等。温度检测单元可以设置在接线端子连接的PCB上，或接线端子接口上，或接线端子插头上，或与接线端子为一体式设计。温度检测单元可以设置在功率变换器内部或功率变换器外部，或功率变换器的部件上，例如功率器件的外壳。
在一些实施例中，功率变换器为直流/直流(Direct Current/Direct Current，DC/DC)变换器、交流/交流(Alternating Current/Alternating Current，AC/AC)变换器、交流/直流(AlternatingCurrent/Direct Current，AC/DC)变换器、或直流/交流(Direct Current/Alternating Current，DC/AC)变换器中的一种。其中，功率变换器中的功率变换电路用于外部电路的电能转换。具体地，功率变换电路主要分为整流电路、逆变电路、交流变换电路和直流变换电路。本申请在此不做过多赘述。
功率变换电路可以通过印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)进行承载。具体地，接线端子接口和PCB的连接方式包括螺钉固定、弹簧式连接、卡口式连接、焊接等。例如，接线端子接口的导线通过螺钉卡在PCB的引脚中。
示例性地，功率变换电路220为逆变电路，外部电路231连接光伏阵列，外部电路232连接电网。光伏阵列发电至电网时，光伏阵列产生的直流电通过接线端子211连接功率变换电路220，功率变换电路220在将直流电转换为交流电后，通过接线端子212连接电网，为电网供电。
在本申请实施例中，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。其中，第一温度差异阈值可以根据实验数据、工况环境、安全要求等因素设置。这样，通过将多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值和其他接线端子的第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值与第一温度差异阈值进行比较，可以根据该接线端子相对于其他接线端子温度的相对变化的大小，快速判断多个接线端子中是否存在由虚接导致的温度异常上升情况，进而有助于提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。
在一些实施例中，当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值小于第一温度差异阈值时，继续正常工作。
示例性地，如图3所示，多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子可以为接线端子211，当多个接线端子中的接线端子211的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的接线端子211以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的接线端子211以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。例如，第一参考温度值为接线端子212的温度值，或接线端子212至21n的温度值的平均值。若接线端子211的温度值为45，第一参考温度值40，第一温度差异阈值为5，即接线端子211与第一参考温度值之间的差 值的绝对值等于第一温度差异阈值，此时控制单元输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
可选地，多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的算术平均值或加权平均值。
在本申请中，控制单元可以是独立的器件，也可以是集成在功率变换器中的器件或模块，本申请对控制单元的具体形式不作限定。
图4是本申请实施例提供的再一种功率变换器的示意图。应理解，图4所示的功率变换器包括图3所示的功率变换器的大部分技术特征。以下主要对图4与图3的区别进行描述，其相同的大部分内容不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，多个温度检测单元用于检测多个接线端子的温度值和检测功率变换器的温度值。具体地，温度检测单元350用于检测功率变换器的温度值，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。其中，功率变换器的温度值为功率变换器内或功率变换器外的温度，或功率变换器部件的温度，例如温度检测单元350检测功率变换器300中PCB的温度，功率变换器外壳的温度等。第二温度差异阈值可以根据实验数据、工况环境、安全要求等因素设置。可选地，第二温度差异阈值大于第一温度差异阈值。
例如，接线端子311的温度值为50，功率变换器的温度值为40，第二温度差异阈值为10，即接线端子311与功率变换器的温度值之间的差值的绝对值等于第二温度差异阈值，此时控制单元输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
可选地，控制单元用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值小于第二温度差异阈值时，继续正常工作。
在本申请实施例中，多个接线端子包括第一接线端子和第二接线端子，第一参考温度值为第二端子的温度值。控制单元用于当第一接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第一接线端子或者第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
示例性地，如图4所示，当接线端子311作为第一接线端子，接线端子312作为第二接线端子，第一参考温度值为接线端子312的温度值。示例性地，当设定第一温度差异阈值T1为5时，接线端子311的温度值为40，接线端子312的温度值为35，此时第一接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值ΔT1为5，ΔT1等于T1，控制单元输出接线端子311或者接线端子312存在异常的信号；而当接线端子311的温度值为40，接线端子312的温度值为40时，ΔT1为0，此时ΔT1小于T1，继续正常工作。
在本申请实施例中，当第一接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值时，输出第一接线端子存在异常的信号。或者，当第一接线端子的温度值小于第一参考温度值时，输出第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
示例性地，如图4所示，控制单元通过多选一电路来确定温度检测单元检测的温度数据与多个接线端子的对应关系。例如，控制单元通过二选一电路确定温度检测单元341和温度检测单元342所检测的接线端子311和接线端子312的温度值的大小，得到的温度数值可以对应到具体某个端子。当接线端子311作为第一接线端子，接线端子312作为第二接线端子时，若接线端子311的温度值为56，接线端子312的温度值为50，接线端子311的温度值大于接线端子312的温度值，此时输出接线端子311存在异常的信号；若接线端子311的温度值为40，接线端子312的温度值为45，接线端子311的温度值小于接线端子312的温度值，此时输出接线端子312存在异常的信号。此外，多选一电路还包括四选一电路、八选一电路等，在此不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，多个接线端子包括第三接线端子和第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子，第一温度参考值为至少两个第四接线端子的温度值的平均值。控制单元用于当第三接线端子的温度值和第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第三接线端子连接状态存在异常的信号。
示例性地，如图4所示，当接线端子311作为第三接线端子，第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子可以选择接线端子312至接线端子31n为第四接线端子，第一温度参考值为接线端子312至接线端子31n的温度值的平均值。若第一温度差异阈值为5，第三接线端子的温度值为56，第一参考温度值为50，此时第三接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值，输出接线端子311存在异常的信号。
应理解，由于光伏系统中通常存在多个功率变换器同时工作的情况，因此第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子可以认为是接线端子正常工作时的温度值，当第三接线端子的温度值和第一参考温度 值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，即表明第三接线端子的温度值偏离接线端子正常工作时的温度值，因此，控制单元输出第三接线端子存在异常的信号，可以提高检测效率。
在本申请实施例中，多个接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输入端。或者，多个接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输出端。
由于功率变换电路包括整流电路、逆变电路、交流变换电路和直流变换电路，如图4所示，若功率变换电路320为逆变电路，接线端子311为直流输入端，接线端子312为交流输出端，或功率变换电路320为直流变换电路，接线端子311为直流输入端，接线端子312为直流输出端，电流输入端和电流输出端的电流由于发生改变，使得正常工作温度可能存在不同，因此，选取进行对比的接线端子均为功率变换器的电流输入端或电流输出端可以提高检测的准确率。
进一步地，图5是本申请实施例提供的再一种功率变换器的示意图。
如图5所示，功率变换器400包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路420和多个温度检测单元。其中，多个接线端子包括直流接线端子411、直流接线端子412、直流接线端子413、直流接线端子414。功率变换电路420为直流变换电路，用于将直流电转换为另一种直流电，其中，直流电路431、直流电路432为直流输入端，直流电路433、直流电路434为直流输出端。
在一些实施例中，功率变换器400为功率优化器，可以根据太阳能光伏板的发电能力调节太阳能光伏板输出的直流电流的大小，以改善光伏组串的木桶效应。具体地，直流电路431、直流电路432为直流输入端，可以和太阳能电池板连接，直流电路433、直流电路434为直流输出端，可以和逆变器的输入端连接。优化器的端子存在异常时也可能伴随着温度的异常，其输入端子或输出端子均可参考前述实施例进行检测。由于优化器的输入电流和输出电流通常有所差异，因此通常选取同一端的接线端子进行温度比较来判断是否存在异常，例如，当输入端的直流接线端子411作为第一接线端子时，第一参考温度值为输入端的直流接线端子412的温度值；当输出端的直流接线端子413作为第一接线端子时，第一参考温度值为输出端的直流接线端子414的温度值。
下面结合图6介绍本申请的另一实施例。
图6是本申请实施例提供的再一种功率变换器的示意图。如图6所示，功率变换器500包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路520和多个温度检测单元。其中，多个接线端子的第一端用于连接功率变换电路，多个接线端子的第二端用于连接外部电路。
在一些实施例中，功率变换器500为逆变器，可以将功率优化器输出的直流电转换为负载使用的交流电，如图6所示的功率变换器为一种逆变器的结构示意图，具体地，直流接线端子511、直流接线端子512、直流接线端子513为直流输入端，可以和功率优化器连接，交流接线端子514、交流接线端子515、交流接线端子516为交流输出端，可以和负载的输入端连接。功率变换电路520为逆变电路，用于将直流电转换为交流电。
示例性地，如图6所示，当直流接线端子511作为第三接线端子，可以选择第三接线端子以外的直流接线端子512、直流接线端子513为第四接线端子，第一参考温度值为直流接线端子512、直流接线端子513的温度值的平均值。控制单元用于当直流接线端子511的温度值和第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出直流接线端子511存在异常的信号。例如，当设定第一温度差异阈值T1为5时，直流接线端子511的温度值为40，直流接线端子512、直流接线端子513的温度值分别为33、35，即第一参考温度值为34，此时直流接线端子511的温度值与第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值ΔT1为6，ΔT1大于T1，控制单元输出直流接线端子511存在异常的信号。
在本申请实施例中，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第一电流差异阈值。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第二电流差异阈值。这样，进行比较的接线端子和其他接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值在一定阈值范围内，从而确保正常工作时的工作温度接近，进而可以提高检测的准确性。
示例性地，如图5所示，当直流接线端子411作为第一接线端子，直流接线端子412作为多个接线端子中的直流接线端子411以外的另一个接线端子时，若流经直流接线端子411的电流值与流经直流接线端子412的电流值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第一电流差异阈值，即，可以认为流经直流接线端子411的电流值与流经直流接线端子412的电流值接近，所以在正常工作的情况下工作温度是接近的，进而可 以根据实际的工作温度确定多个接线端子是否存在异常。又如图6所示，当直流接线端子511作为第一接线端子，直流接线端子512、直流接线端子513作为多个接线端子中的直流接线端子511以外的多个接线端子时，若流经直流接线端子511的电流值与流经直流接线端子512、直流接线端子513的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第二电流差异阈值，即，可以认为流经直流接线端子511的电流值与流经其他正常工作的接线端子的电流值的平均值接近，所以在正常工作的情况下工作温度是接近的，进而可以根据实际的工作温度确定多个接线端子是否存在异常。其中，第一电流差异阈值和第二电流差异阈值可以根据工况环境、安全要求等因素设置。
应理解，流经交流接线端子的电流值为交流电路的电流有效值。直流电路中的电流值和交流电路中的电流有效值可以通过电流检测装置进行测量。在交流电路中，电压和电流都是随着时间变化的，因此不能直接使用其峰值或最大值来表示其大小。电流有效值是交流电信号一个重要的参量，通常使用均方根(root mean square,RMS)来计算，可以用来表示交流电信号的大小。例如，电流有效值为10A的交流电表示这个交流电信号的平均功率等于10A的直流电信号的功率。
在本申请实施例中，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。这样，针对多个接线端子工作电流不同的情况，可以根据不同接线端子之间的电流值差异大小调整温度差异阈值的大小，从而在温度比较时实现更高的判断精度，进而提高温度检测时判断接线端子虚接的准确性。
示例性地，如图6所示，当流经直流接线端子511与流经直流接线端子512的电流值的差值的绝对值为1，流经直流接线端子511与流经直流接线端子513的电流值的差值的绝对值为2时，在计算接线端子511的温度值与接线端子512的温度值的差值的绝对值时，第一温度差异阈值可以为5；在计算接线端子511的温度值与接线端子513的温度值的差值的绝对值时，第一温度差异阈值可以为10，即对比的电流值的差值的绝对值越大，第一温度差异阈值越大。
可选地，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值和第一温度差异阈值的变化线性相关。或者，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值和第一温度差异阈值的变化线性相关。示例性地，如图6所示，流经直流接线端子511与流经直流接线端子512的电流值的差值的绝对值为x，第一温度差异阈值为y，控制单元可以根据计算的x和公式y＝kx确定第一温度差异阈值y的大小，其中，k为比例系数，可以根据实验数据、工况环境、安全要求等因素设置。
可选地，流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值或流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值ΔI和第一温度差异阈值的变化非线性相关。示例性地，可以设置不同的电流阈值I1、I2、I3，在I1＜ΔI≤I2的情况下，第一温度差异阈值T1的大小可以设置为T’；在I2＜ΔI≤I3的情况下，第一温度差异阈值T1的大小可以设置为T”。
下面结合图7至图9详细说明本申请实施例提供的端子状态的检测方法。应理解，下面描述的方法能够应用于前述本申请实施例的装置，为了避免不必要的重复，下面在介绍本申请实施例的方法时可参考前述装置的功能，适当省略重复的描述。
基于图3、图5和图6所示的功率变换器，本申请提供了一种端子状态的检测方法，如图7所示。
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的一种端子状态的检测方法的示意性流程图。应理解，该功率变换器包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元。
S710，获取多个接线端子的温度值。
其中，多个接线端子的温度值可以通过温度检测单元进行检测。
S720，当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。
可选地，S720包括：
S721，当第一接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第一接线端子或者第二接线端子存在异常的信号。其中，多个接线端子包括第一接线端子和第二接线端子，第一参考温度值为第二端子的温度值。
S722，当第一接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值时，输出第一接线端子存在异常的信号。或者，当第一接线端子的温度值小于第一参考温度值时，输出第二接线端子存在异常的信号。或者，
S723，当第三接线端子的温度值和第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出第三接线端子存在异常的信号。其中，多个接线端子包括第三接线端子和第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子，第一温度参考值为至少两个第四接线端子的温度值的平均值。
根据如图7所示的实施例，当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，可以输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，从而及时发现接线端子的虚接情况。此外，在高功率下由于比较了接线端子之间的相对变化，相比于仅根据接线端子工作温度大小判断是否虚接，还可以减少因接线端子工作温度较高所可能导致的误判。应理解，当本申请实施例应用于图3所示的功率变换器时，本申请实施例中的多个接线端子可以是接线端子211至接线端子21n，多个接线端子的温度值可以由温度检测单元241至温度检测单元24n获取。
基于图4所示的功率变换器，本申请提供了另一种端子状态的检测方法，如图8所示。
图8示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种端子状态的检测方法的示意性流程图。
S810，获取功率变换器的温度值和多个接线端子的温度值。
S820，当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
根据如图8所示的实施例，通过判断多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子与功率变换器的温度的相对变化，可以根据相对变化的大小，提高判断接线端子是否虚接的检测效率。应理解，本申请实施例中的多个接线端子可以是接线端子311至接线端子31n，功率变换器的温度值可以由温度检测单元350获取。
基于图3至图6所示的功率变换器，本申请提供了再一种端子状态的检测方法，如图9所示。
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的再一种端子状态的检测方法的示意性流程图。在本申请中，图9提供的方法可以分别与上述实施例提供的方法组合。具体实现方式如图9所示。
S910，获取第一接线端子的温度值和第二接线端子的第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值ΔT1。
其中，第一接线端子为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子，第二接线端子为多个接线端子中的第一接线端子以外的另一个接线端子。
S911，获取流经第一接线端子的电流值和流经第二接线端子的电流值之间的差值的绝对值ΔI以及第一电流差异阈值It。
S912，当△I大于或等于It，T1的取值为T大；当△I小于It，T1的取值为T小。
其中，当△I大于或等于It，说明第一接线端子和第二接线端子之间的工作电流相差较大，即第一接线端子和第二接线端子之间的正常工作温度也相差较大，则T1的取值为T大。当△I小于It，说明第一接线端子和第二接线端子之间的工作电流接近，即第一接线端子和第二接线端子之间的正常工作温度相差较小，则T1的取值为T小。
可选地，当△I大于或等于It，流经第一接线端子的电流值与流经第二接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值△I越大，第一温度差异阈值It越大。
S913，当ΔT1大于或等于第一温度差异阈值T1，输出第一接线端子或者第二接线端子存在异常的信号；当ΔT1小于第一温度差异阈值T1，正常工作。
其中，当ΔT1大于或等于第一温度差异阈值T1，说明第一接线端子和第二接线端的温度差异过大，存在异常，此时输出第一接线端子或者第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
S914，当第一接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值，输出第一接线端子存在异常的信号；当第一接线端子的温度值小于第一参考温度值，输出第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
若第一接线端子的温度值大于第一参考温度值，说明第一接线端子的温度值更高，则输出第一接线端子存在异常的信号。若第一接线端子的温度值小于第一参考温度值，说明第二接线端子的温度值更高，输出第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种功率变换器的示意性框图。
如图10所示，本申请实施例提供的功率变换器1000包括控制单元1010、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元1020。其中，多个接线端子的第一端用于连接功率变换电路，多个接线端子的第二端用于连接外部电路。多个温度检测单元1020用于检测多个接线端子的温度值，控制单元1010用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，第一参考温度值为多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值。或者，多个温度检测单元1020用于检测多个接线端子的温度值和检测功率变换器的温度值，控制单元1010用于当多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
本申请实施例提供的功率变换器1000的具体结构和功能，可以参考前述功率变换器中的对应装置和方法的实施例，在此不再赘述。
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种光伏系统的示意图。
如图11所示，光伏系统包括输入电源1101、负载1102和如图6实施例中的功率变换器500，功率变换器500的输入端与输入电源1101的输出端电连接，功率变换器500的输出端与负载1102通过交流母线连接，功率变换器500用于将输入电源1101输入的直流电转变为交流电并输出至负载1102。其中，负载1102包括交流电网。
在一种可能的实现方式中，上述光伏系统为光伏供电系统，其中，光伏供电系统包括光伏阵列、电网和光伏逆变器，光伏逆变器的输入端与光伏阵列的输出端电连接，光伏逆变器的输出端和电网通过交流母线连接，光伏逆变器用于将光伏阵列输出的直流电转变为交流电并输出至电网。其中，光伏阵列中的光伏部件与功率优化器连接，该功率优化器可以为图5实施例中的功率变换器400。
应理解，上述示意图所示的各个部件的结构以及部件之间的关系仅为示意性说明，任何可替换的与每个部件所起的作用相同的部件的结构都在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况，其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系，但也可能表示的是一种“和/或”的关系，具体可参考前后文进行理解。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种功率变换器，其特征在于，包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元，其中，
    所述多个接线端子的第一端用于连接所述功率变换电路，所述多个接线端子的第二端用于连接外部电路；
    所述多个温度检测单元用于检测所述多个接线端子的温度值，所述控制单元用于当所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，所述第一参考温度值为所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值；或者
    所述多个温度检测单元用于检测所述多个接线端子的温度值和检测所述功率变换器的温度值，所述控制单元用于当所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与所述功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出所述多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其特征在于，所述多个接线端子包括第一接线端子和第二接线端子，所述第一参考温度值为所述第二端子的温度值；
    所述控制单元用于当所述第一接线端子的温度值与所述第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述第一接线端子或者所述第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的功率变换器，其特征在于，所述控制单元用于当所述第一接线端子的温度值与所述第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述第一接线端子或者所述第二接线端子存在异常的信号，包括：
    当所述第一接线端子的温度值大于所述第一参考温度值时，输出所述第一接线端子存在异常的信号；或者
    当所述第一接线端子的温度值小于所述第一参考温度值时，输出所述第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换器，其特征在于，所述多个接线端子包括第三接线端子和所述第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子，所述第一温度参考值为所述至少两个第四接线端子的温度值的平均值；
    所述控制单元用于当所述第三接线端子的温度值和所述第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述第三接线端子存在异常的信号。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的功率变换器，其特征在于，所述多个接线端子均为所述功率变换器的电流输入端；或者
    所述多个接线端子均为所述功率变换器的电流输出端。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的功率变换器，其特征在于，流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第一电流差异阈值；或者
    流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第二电流差异阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的功率变换器，其特征在于，流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值越大，所述第一温度差异阈值越大；或者
    流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值越大，所述第一温度差异阈值越大。
  8. 一种端子状态的检测方法，其特征在于，应用于功率变换器，所述功率变换器包括控制单元、多个接线端子、功率变换电路和多个温度检测单元，所述方法包括：
    获取所述多个接线端子的温度值，
    当所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与第一参考温度值之间的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述多个接线端子存在异常的信号，其中，所述第一参考温度值为所述 多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的温度值或者所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的温度值的平均值；或者
    获取所述功率变换器的温度值和所述多个接线端子的温度值，
    当所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的温度值与所述功率变换器的温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第二温度差异阈值时，输出所述多个接线端子存在异常的信号。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个接线端子包括第一接线端子和第二接线端子，所述第一参考温度值为所述第二端子的温度值，所述方法包括：
    当所述第一接线端子的温度值与所述第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述第一接线端子或者所述第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第一接线端子的温度值大于所述第一参考温度值时，输出所述第一接线端子存在异常的信号；或者
    当所述第一接线端子的温度值小于所述第一参考温度值时，输出所述第二接线端子存在异常的信号。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个接线端子包括第三接线端子和所述第三接线端子以外的至少两个第四接线端子，所述第一温度参考值为所述至少两个第四接线端子的温度值的平均值，所述方法包括：
    当所述第三接线端子的温度值和所述第一参考温度值的差值的绝对值大于或等于第一温度差异阈值时，输出所述第三接线端子存在异常的信号。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个接线端子均为所述功率变换器的电流输入端；或者
    所述多个接线端子均为所述功率变换器的电流输出端。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第一电流差异阈值；或者
    流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值小于或者等于第二电流差异阈值。
  14. 根据权利要求8-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的另一个接线端子的电流值的差值的绝对值越大，所述第一温度差异阈值越大；或者
    流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子的电流值与流经所述多个接线端子中的其中一个接线端子以外的多个接线端子的电流值的平均值的差值的绝对值越大，所述第一温度差异阈值越大。
  15. 一种光伏系统，其特征在于，包括输入电源、负载和如权利要利1-7所述的功率变换器，所述功率变换器的输入端与所述输入电源的输出端电连接，所述功率变换器的输出端与所述负载通过交流母线连接，所述功率变换器用于将所述输入电源输入的直流电转变为交流电并输出至所述负载。
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