WO2024258243A1 - 전기분해 장치 - Google Patents
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- WO2024258243A1 WO2024258243A1 PCT/KR2024/008262 KR2024008262W WO2024258243A1 WO 2024258243 A1 WO2024258243 A1 WO 2024258243A1 KR 2024008262 W KR2024008262 W KR 2024008262W WO 2024258243 A1 WO2024258243 A1 WO 2024258243A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/083—Separating products
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/087—Recycling of electrolyte to electrochemical cell
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/03—Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/07—Oxygen containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
- C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic device that electrochemically reduces carbon dioxide.
- Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming and must be reduced.
- Methods for reducing carbon dioxide include capture, chemical conversion, and electrochemical conversion.
- the electrochemical conversion method can precisely control the components so that other synthetic gases can be manufactured, so it can be more economical than simply removing carbon dioxide.
- carbon dioxide can be electrolyzed with water to obtain carbon monoxide, ethylene, methane, formic acid, formic acid salts, various hydrocarbons, and organic substances such as aldehydes or alcohols.
- the process of electrochemically decomposing carbon dioxide is similar to the electrolysis technology of water, but since the activity of the electrochemical reaction is improved in a strongly alkaline atmosphere, a KOH aqueous solution of a certain concentration is generally used as the electrolyte.
- a KOH aqueous solution of a certain concentration is generally used as the electrolyte.
- the transferred electrons react with the carbon dioxide and water supplied to the cathode to decompose into carbon monoxide and hydroxide ions (OH - ), and the generated hydroxide ions react with the hydrogen ions (H + ) of the anode to generate water, thereby becoming electrically neutral.
- the electrochemical decomposition reaction of carbon dioxide is completed through the above process.
- the water supplied together with the carbon dioxide reacts with the transferred electrons separately from the generation reaction of the carbon monoxide to undergo electrolysis to generate hydrogen gas and simultaneously generate hydroxide ions.
- This reaction of water and electrons can be said to be a competitive reaction with the above carbon monoxide production reaction. Since the above reactions are electrochemical reactions, the amount of carbon monoxide produced and the hydrogen/carbon dioxide ratio can be easily controlled by controlling the voltage.
- the conventional electrolysis device OH - is generated by a side reaction at the cathode during the carbon dioxide electrolysis process, and the OH - reacts again with the supplied carbon dioxide to generate carbonate (HCO 3 - ). Therefore, the conventional electrolysis device had a problem in that the supplied carbon dioxide was not converted into a desired product and instead generated carbonate, resulting in a loss of carbon dioxide. In addition, the conventional electrolysis device had a problem in that the efficiency of the electrolysis was reduced because the carbonate passed through the anion exchange membrane and diffused to the anode and generated carbon dioxide through an oxidation reaction at the anode.
- Patent Document 001 KR 10-2018-0133688 A
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrolysis device that can prevent the loss of carbon dioxide converted into carbonate and improve the yield of the product by separating carbon dioxide again from carbonate generated by a side reaction during carbon dioxide electrolysis, and can operate for a long time by controlling the overall ion balance of the electrolysis device.
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device including an electrolytic cell including a gas diffusion layer, a cathode, a cation separation membrane, an anode, and an electrolyte, and a storage tank connected to a discharge path for discharging a product from the cathode outside the electrolytic cell, wherein the acid solution contained in the storage tank and the electrolyte contained in the electrolytic cell are homogeneous solutions.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device including, in the above (1), an aqueous solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid; and a salt containing at least one selected from the group consisting of cesium, potassium, and sodium.
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device, wherein in the above (2), the salt includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Cs 2 CO 3 , CsHCO 3 , Cs 2 SO 4 , CsCl, CsNO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 SO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , KCl, KNO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , NaCl and NaNO 3 .
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device in which, in any one of (1) to (3) above, the storage tank includes an acid solution storage unit and an electrolyte storage unit connected thereto, and the electrolyte storage unit is connected to the anode through a solution exchange path.
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device according to (4), wherein the solution exchange path includes a first solution exchange path for transferring an acidic solution from the electrolyte storage unit to the anode and a second solution exchange path for transferring an electrolyte from the anode to the electrolyte storage unit.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the electrolytic cell is a zero-gap membrane electrode assembly cell in which the gas diffusion layer, the cathode, the separator, and the anode having an anode liquid path formed therein are sequentially laminated.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device in which a product generated by an electrolytic reaction at the cathode in any one of the above (1) to (6) is transferred to the storage tank through the discharge path, and the product includes carbon monoxide, water vapor, and a salt.
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device in which carbon dioxide generated from the salt in the storage tank is supplied to the electrolysis cell in the above (7).
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device according to (7) or (8), wherein the salt is a carbonate.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device, wherein the electrolytic device electrolyzes carbon dioxide in any one of (1) to (9).
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device according to (10), wherein the carbon dioxide is supplied to the electrolysis cell in a state including water vapor.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic device according to any one of the above (1) to (11), wherein the electrolytic device electrolyzes carbon dioxide to produce at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, ethylene, methane, formic acid, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols.
- the electrolytic device of the present invention can prevent the loss of carbon dioxide by connecting a storage tank containing an acid solution to an electrolytic cell and separating carbon dioxide from a salt generated by a side reaction.
- the electrolytic device of the present invention can improve the electrolysis efficiency of carbon dioxide by reducing the loss of carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the yield of the product.
- the electrolysis device of the present invention uses the same solution for the electrolyte in the electrolysis cell and the acid solution in the storage tank, and transfers or circulates each solution through a path connecting the electrolysis cell and the storage tank, thereby suppressing changes in the pH of the storage tank and the electrolyte, and at the same time, cations are constantly replenished to the electrolyte to maintain ion balance, so that long-term operation of the electrolysis device is possible.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide electrolysis device according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional carbon dioxide electrolysis device.
- Figure 3 (a) is a graph showing the pH change of the electrolyte over time in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 3, and (b) is a graph showing the pH change of the electrolyte over time in Example 2, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 4.
- Figure 4 (a) is a graph showing changes in ionic conductivity of the electrolyte over time in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 3, and (b) is a graph showing changes in ionic conductivity of the electrolyte over time in Example 2, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 4.
- the present invention provides an electrolysis device including an electrolysis cell including a gas diffusion layer, a cathode (13), a cation separation membrane (15), an anode (11) and an electrolyte, and a storage tank (2) connected to a discharge path (30) for discharging a product from the cathode outside the electrolysis cell, wherein the acid solution contained in the storage tank (2) and the electrolyte are homogeneous solutions.
- the electrolysis device can be utilized in all fields of electrochemical conversion, and the electrolysis device can be a device capable of producing useful chemical substances through electrochemical conversion such as carbon dioxide electrolysis or water electrolysis, and a device capable of being utilized for reducing and converting carbon dioxide and NOx.
- the electrolysis device can be an electrochemical conversion device that converts carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and ethylene.
- the conventional electrolysis cell having a structure in which an electrolyte flows through the front surface of the cathode has a problem in that OH - generated by a side reaction during the reduction process of carbon dioxide reacts again with carbon dioxide to generate carbonate (HCO 3 - ), thereby causing a loss of carbon dioxide.
- the problem can be solved by flowing an acidic electrolyte through the front surface of the cathode.
- an additional problem occurs in that the resistance increases due to the acidic electrolyte, causing an increase in voltage when the conventional electrolysis cell is operated.
- an anion exchange membrane is mainly used as a separator included in the conventional electrolysis cell.
- the anion exchange membrane has excellent carbon dioxide conversion efficiency due to fast ion transfer, it has very low mechanical strength.
- the carbonate passes through the anion exchange membrane and diffuses to the anode and generates carbon dioxide through an oxidation reaction at the anode, the efficiency of the electrolysis is lowered. Accordingly, the inventor of the present invention developed an electrolytic device capable of reducing the loss of supplied carbon dioxide by separating carbon dioxide again from the carbonate without diffusing the produced carbonate to the anode.
- the electrolysis device includes an electrolysis cell and a storage tank (2) connected to a discharge path (30) outside the electrolysis cell.
- the electrolysis cell includes a cathode (13) and an anode (11), and a gas diffusion layer may be arranged in close contact with the cathode (13), and may include a separation membrane (15) and an electrolyte arranged between the cathode (13) and the anode (11).
- the separation membrane (15) is a cation exchange membrane, and when the separation membrane (15) is a cation exchange membrane, the generated carbonate can be prevented from being transferred to the anode (11).
- the cathode (13) is connected to a supply path through which a reactant is supplied, and a discharge path (30) through which a product generated after electrolysis is discharged.
- the reactant may be carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state and may include water vapor of about 40 to 60° C.
- the product is generated by electrolysis of the carbon dioxide, and may be at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, ethylene, methane, formic acid, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols. Unreacted carbon dioxide, water vapor, and carbonate generated by a side reaction may be further discharged together with the product discharged from the discharge path (30).
- the storage tank (2) may be arranged outside the electrolytic cell and may be connected to the discharge path (30).
- the storage tank (2) may contain an acidic solution.
- the acidic solution may contain an aqueous solution including at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid; and a salt including at least one selected from the group consisting of cesium, potassium, and sodium.
- the acidic solution may be a mixed solution including sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and cesium sulfate (Cs 2 SO 4 ).
- the salt may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Cs 2 CO 3 , CsHCO 3 , Cs 2 SO 4 , CsCl, CsNO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 SO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , KCl, KNO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , NaCl and NaNO 3 .
- Carbon dioxide can be separated again from the carbonate by the acidic solution filled in the storage tank (2). That is, the acidic solution can react with the generated carbonate to generate carbon dioxide, and specifically, the hydrogen ion (H + ) of the acidic solution and the carbonate (HCO 3 - ) can react to generate water and carbon dioxide.
- the acidic solution of the present invention may be a solution of the same kind as the electrolyte.
- the acidic solution and the electrolyte may be a mixed solution containing, for example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and cesium sulfate (Cs 2 SO 4 ).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional carbon dioxide electrolysis device.
- a conventional carbon dioxide electrolysis device is connected to a discharge path (30-1) of a cathode (13-1) and an acid solution storage tank (20-1). Water and carbon dioxide can be separated from the carbonate by the acid solution of the acid solution storage tank (20-1).
- the acid solution since the acid solution is continuously consumed, it is difficult for the reaction between the carbonate and the hydrogen ions of the acid solution to proceed for a long period of time, and as a result, it may be difficult to continuously operate while maintaining high electrolysis efficiency.
- the present invention forms a structure in which the acid solution is a solution of the same type as the electrolyte and the solutions are circulated with each other, thereby supplying the acid solution from the electrolyte and allowing continuous carbonate reaction to occur in the acid solution storage tank.
- the storage tank (2) of the present invention may include the acid solution storage unit (20) and the electrolyte storage unit (22) connected thereto, and the electrolyte storage unit (22) may be connected to the anode (11) through a solution exchange path.
- the electrolyte storage unit (22) may be spaced apart from the acid solution storage unit (20) and may be connected to each other through a connection unit (21).
- the electrolytic device of the present invention divides the storage tank (2) into an acid solution storage section (20) and an electrolyte storage section (22), and allows the acid solution to move between the acid solution storage section (20) and the electrolyte storage section (22) through a connection section (21), thereby obtaining a desired level of product yield and allowing the acid solution to be smoothly transferred to the anode through the solution exchange path.
- the solution contained in the electrolyte storage section (22) may be the same solution as the acid solution contained in the acid solution storage section (20) and the electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide electrolysis device according to the present invention.
- the acid solution storage unit (20) is connected to the cathode (13) through a discharge path (30), and the acid solution storage unit (20) can be connected to the electrolyte storage unit (22) through a connection unit (21) and be spaced apart from each other.
- the electrolyte storage unit (22) can be connected to the anode (11) through a solution exchange path.
- the carbonate transferred from the cathode (13) through the discharge path (30) and the hydrogen ions of the acid solution react, and the carbon dioxide separated through this and the unreacted carbon dioxide can be fed back into the electrolysis cell through the supply path of the cathode (13).
- the product transferred from the cathode (13) to the acid solution storage unit (20) through the discharge path (30) can be obtained by being discharged to the outside of the electrolysis device through the product discharge unit in the acid solution storage unit (20).
- the separated carbon dioxide, unreacted carbon dioxide, and product are gaseous substances and mixed with the acid solution and cannot be discharged to the outside of the storage tank (2) but instead flow into the electrolyte storage unit (22).
- the product discharge unit through which the product is discharged to the outside is set higher than the position of the connection unit (21), and the acid solution is filled up to the upper side of the connection unit (21), so that the gaseous substances can be efficiently discharged to the outside.
- the above product discharge unit can serve to discharge the gaseous substance inside the acid solution storage unit (20) to the outside, and the connection unit (21) can serve to connect the acid solution storage unit (20) and the electrolytic cell storage unit (22) to transport the acid solution.
- the acid solution storage unit (20), the connection unit (21), and the electrolyte storage unit (22) can be arranged in an “H” shape.
- the solution exchange path may include a first solution exchange path (40) for transferring the acid solution from the electrolyte storage unit (22) to the anode (11); and a second solution exchange path (50) for transferring the electrolyte from the anode (11) to the electrolyte storage unit (22).
- the acid solution contained in the electrolytic cell storage unit (22) can be transported to the anode (11) through the solution exchange first path (40).
- one or more cations selected from the group consisting of cesium, potassium, and sodium contained in the electrolyte move toward the cathode by the voltage applied to the electrolysis cell, and as a result, the cations of the electrolyte may be continuously consumed.
- the concentration of hydrogen ions relative to the cations of the electrolyte increases, so that the pH of the electrolyte decreases.
- the hydrogen production reaction which is a competitive reaction with the carbon dioxide production reaction, is more actively performed, so that the carbon dioxide production efficiency decreases and the long-term operation of the electrolysis device may become impossible.
- the electrolytic device of the present invention since the acidic solution and the electrolyte correspond to the same type of solution, the cation is supplied to the anode (11) through the first solution exchange path (40), and the pH and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte are maintained at a level similar to that at the beginning of operation, thereby enabling continuous operation of the electrolytic device.
- the electrolyte from the anode (11) can be transferred to the electrolyte storage unit (22) through the second solution exchange channel (50).
- the acidic solution in the acidic solution storage tank reacts with carbonate to separate carbon dioxide, and thus the acidic solution is continuously consumed, so that the pH in the acidic solution storage tank gradually increases, and when a certain operating time has elapsed, the acidic solution storage tank cannot perform its function.
- the electrolyte is supplied from the anode to the electrolyte storage unit (22) through the second solution exchange channel (50), and the electrolyte is transferred from the electrolyte storage unit to the acidic solution storage unit to maintain the pH of the acidic solution in the storage tank (2), thereby enabling continuous operation.
- a gas-liquid separator (60) may be further included in the second solution exchange path (50), and the gaseous material may be separated through the gas-liquid separator and only the electrolyte may be transferred.
- the electrolytic device of the present invention uses the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell and the acidic solution in the acidic solution storage tank as the same solution, and at the same time, configures the solutions to be transferred or circulated to each other through the solution exchange path, thereby maintaining the overall ion balance of the electrolytic device at the same level as at the beginning of operation, and operating the electrolytic device for a long period of time without decreasing the electrolytic efficiency.
- the electrolyte may be an aqueous solution including one or more cations (Na + , K + , Cs + ) selected from the group consisting of cesium, potassium, and sodium.
- the electrolyte may be an aqueous solution including one or more cations selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid; and one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Cs 2 CO 3 , CsHCO 3 , Cs 2 SO 4 , CsCl, CsNO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 SO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , KCl , KNO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , NaCl, and NaNO 3 .
- the electrolyte and the electrolyte may be an aqueous solution including one
- the separation membrane (15) may be a cation exchange membrane, and specifically, a Nafion separation membrane (15).
- the cation separation membrane (15) may serve to prevent the carbonate generated at the cathode (13) from diffusing toward the anode (11).
- the separation membrane (15) is an anion exchange membrane, since the carbonate is diffused toward the anode, the transport of the carbonate to the acid solution storage tank is not smooth, so that the overall electrolysis efficiency may decrease and the loss of the supplied carbon dioxide may increase.
- the electrolytic cell may be a zero-gap membrane electrode assembly cell in which the gas diffusion layer, the cathode (13), the separator (15), and the anode (11) having the anode (11) liquid path formed are sequentially laminated.
- the zero-gap membrane electrode assembly may be formed in a very thin plate shape in which the gas diffusion layer, the cathode (13), the separator (15), and the anode (11) having the anode (11) liquid path formed are sequentially laminated in order to increase the driving voltage and current efficiency.
- Conventional electrolytic cells have a gap structure in which the electrodes and the separator are spaced apart by a distance of several mm, but the zero gap is a sandwich-type electrolytic cell in which the cathode electrode and the anode negative electrode are in contact with each other with the separator in between, thereby eliminating the gap between the electrodes and the separator.
- the zero gap-type electrolytic cell can reduce the solution ionic resistance due to the presence of an electrolyte, and reduce the increase in mass transfer resistance due to the generated gas when implementing a large-area electrode.
- the electrolyte flowing toward the cathode (13) is called cathode (13) solution
- the electrolyte flowing toward the anode (11) is called anode (11) solution
- the zero-gap membrane electrode assembly may not include the cathode (13) solution but may include only the anode (11) solution.
- the electrolysis cell having the zero-gap membrane electrode assembly structure has a structure in which the electrolyte does not flow in the front portion of the cathode (13) but only in the front portion of the anode (11), thereby minimizing the gap between the cathode (13), the anode (11), and the separator (15), thereby enabling rapid ion transport, increasing current efficiency, and solving the additional problem of voltage increasing during the electrolysis reaction, thereby having the advantage of lowering the overvoltage.
- separators may be arranged on both sides of the zero-gap membrane electrode assembly to form one cell.
- the product generated by the electrolytic reaction in the cathode (13) can be transported to the storage tank (2) through the discharge path (30), and the product can include carbon monoxide, water vapor, and a salt.
- the salt can be a carbonate.
- carbon dioxide is separated from the carbonate, and the regenerated carbon dioxide can be resupplied to the cathode (13) through the supply path.
- the electrolysis device of the present invention separates carbon dioxide from the carbonate by the storage tank (2) and circulates the carbon dioxide to the electrolysis cell, thereby reducing the loss of carbon dioxide and increasing the electrolysis efficiency.
- the above electrolysis means decomposing a substance through a redox reaction by applying a direct current voltage to a decomposition reaction that does not occur spontaneously.
- the anode is an oxidation electrode that oxidizes water to generate oxygen, and at this time, hydrogen ions are generated.
- the hydrogen ions generated at the anode are transferred to the cathode through the electrolyte, and the cathode is a reduction electrode that allows reactants input to the cathode to react with electrons and hydrogen ions moved from the anode to generate products.
- the separator may be disposed between the anode and the cathode.
- the separator may be composed of an inactive material that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction itself, but may provide a path through which ions can move between the anode and the cathode, and may serve to separate physical contact between the anode and the cathode.
- the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic device of the present invention may each include a catalyst layer.
- the cathode may include a gas diffusion layer to evenly supply humidified carbon dioxide gas to the cathode region side.
- the cathode includes a hydrophobic gas diffusion layer
- the supplied carbon dioxide can be smoothly diffused, distributed, and supplied to the catalyst layer of the cathode.
- the hydrophobic gas diffusion layer effectively prevents moisture condensation, thereby ensuring that the supply of carbon dioxide is continuously and uniformly performed and at the same time enabling the electrolysis reaction to proceed smoothly.
- the catalyst layer may have a surface such as a porous structure so that gas permeability is well exhibited on the surface.
- the anode may include a catalyst active in the electrolysis of water, and the catalyst layer of the anode may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Au, Pd, Ir, Ag, Rh, Ru, Ni, Al, Mo, Cr, Cu, Ti, W, alloys thereof, or mixed metal oxides, for example, Ta 2 0 5 , Ir0 2 , for an oxygen evolution reaction.
- the anode in the electrolysis device of the present invention may include titanium (Ti) coated with iridium oxide (IrO 2 ).
- the catalyst layer of the cathode may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Sn, a Sn alloy, Al, Au, Ag, C, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, a Cu alloy, Ga, Hg, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, NiCo 2 O 4 , a Ni alloy, a Ni-Fe alloy, Pb, Rh, Ti, V, W, Zn, and mixtures thereof for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
- the cathode in the electrolysis device of the present invention may include silver (Ag).
- the separation membrane may include a cation exchange membrane (CEM), and specifically, may be a Nafion exchange membrane.
- CEM cation exchange membrane
- the cation exchange membrane it may act as a membrane that prevents a reducing substance generated at the cathode by catalytic action from moving to the anode and being oxidized, and may be a separation phase that inhibits the permeation of anions and allows cations such as hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through.
- the electrolyte may be an electrolyte according to the present invention as described above, and specifically, may be an acidic electrolyte, and more specifically, may be an aqueous solution containing cesium sulfate.
- the electrolyte composition may contain the electrolyte in an amount of 0.1 to 15.0 M, preferably 0.25 to 10.0 M.
- the concentration of the electrolyte is related to the generation efficiency of the product (the generation efficiency of the target product relative to the applied current density) and the voltage. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the lower the generation voltage, the required voltage, or the overvoltage; however, the above-described conditions are preferable in order to minimize increased manufacturing costs and the generation of by-products due to side reactions.
- the gas diffusion layer may use a porous body using a carbon material such as carbon fiber cloth, carbon fiber felt, or carbon fiber paper, or a metal porous body made of a thin metal plate with a mesh structure such as expanded metal or metal mesh, and the gas diffusion layer in the electrolysis device of the present invention may use carbon fiber cloth.
- the electrolytic device can be utilized in all fields requiring electrochemical conversion, and in particular, can electrochemically decompose carbon dioxide to obtain a desired product, and specifically, the electrolytic device can electrolyze carbon dioxide to produce one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, ethylene, methane, formic acid, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols.
- a carbon dioxide electrolysis device shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 1 was operated under the operating conditions described below.
- the carbon dioxide electrolysis device which is a membrane electrode assembly having a zero-gap structure in which an anode, a cation separation membrane (type: Nafion®212), a cathode, and a gas diffusion layer are sequentially laminated, and which includes an acid solution storage tank connected to the outside of the cathode and the membrane electrode assembly and filled with an acid solution (0.5 M Cs 2 SO 4 pH adjusted to 2 ⁇ 3 by H 2 SO 4 ), was operated.
- the first and second solution exchange channels were installed to allow the acid solution and the electrolyte to circulate.
- Anode catalyst IrO 2 on Ti mesh
- Cathode catalyst Ag powder
- Anode electrolyte 0.5 M Cs 2 SO 4 pH adjusted to 2 ⁇ 3 by H 2 SO 4 (25 ml/min)
- Cathode reactant 40 °C Humidified CO 2 gas (200 ccm)
- the carbon dioxide electrolysis device was operated under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the reaction current density was set to 200 mA/cm 2 .
- a carbon dioxide electrolysis device was operated under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that an acid solution storage tank was not included (see Table 1).
- a carbon dioxide electrolysis device was operated under the same conditions as in Example 2, except that an acid solution storage tank was not included (see Table 1).
- the carbon dioxide electrolysis device was operated under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the carbon dioxide electrolysis device shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 2 was used instead of the carbon dioxide electrolysis device shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 1 and the conditions were changed to those in Table 1.
- the carbon dioxide electrolysis device was operated under the same conditions as in Example 2, except that the carbon dioxide electrolysis device shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 2 was used instead of the carbon dioxide electrolysis device shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 1 and the conditions were changed to those in Table 1.
- the carbon dioxide electrolysis device according to the above examples and comparative examples was operated for 8 hours, and the pH was measured over time from before the operation of the electrolysis device to 8 hours after the operation, and the values are shown in Table 2. In addition, the change in the initial pH value and the pH value after 8 hours is shown in Table 2.
- the carbon dioxide electrolysis device according to the above examples and comparative examples was operated for 8 hours, and the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was measured over time from before the operation of the electrolysis device to 8 hours after the operation.
- the measured values are shown in Table 3.
- the change in the initial ionic conductivity value and the ionic conductivity value after 8 hours is shown in Table 3.
- Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 hour (min) pH hour (min) pH hour (min) pH hour (min) pH hour (min) pH hour (min) pH hour (min) pH 0 (beginning) 2.58 0 (beginning) 3 0 (beginning) 2.58 0 (beginning) 3 0 (beginning) 2.58 0 (beginning) 3 45 2.47 25 3.09 80 2.1 60 2.37 15 2.5 60 2.43 160 2.51 135 3.06 140 1.98 120 2.18 65 2.14 180 2.16 250 2.52 240 3.02 200 1.93 210 2.1 125 2.14 240 2.08 320 2.51 300 3.07 480(final) 1.87 480 (Final) 2.08 180 2.14 310 2.11 390 2.56 390 3.13 - - - - 240 2.12 360 2.11 440 2.58 480(final) 3.09 - - - - 480 (Final) 2.05 420 2.11 480(final) 2.6 - - -
- Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) hour (min) Ionic Conductivity ( ⁇ S/cm) 0 (beginning) 113282 0 (beginning) 90521.5 0 (beginning) 113282 0 (beginning) 90521.5 0 (beginning) 113282 0 (beginning) 90521.5 45 122190 25 102727 80 159783 60 129660 15 118931 60 118205 160 114294 135 93052.5 140 204074 120 205340 125 168608 180 257599 250 113527 240 102685 200
- Examples 1 and 2 driven by the electrolysis device according to the present invention have very small changes in the pH of the electrolyte and the ion conductivity compared to the comparative examples. That is, it can be confirmed that Examples 1 and 2 use the solution and the electrolyte contained in the acid solution storage tank as the same solution and circulate the solution, thereby maintaining the overall ion balance in the electrolysis device at a certain level.
- the pH of the electrolyte decreases over time, and the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte also increases due to the hydrogen ions having higher ionic conductivity than the cesium ions.
- the hydrogen production reaction which is a competing reaction with the carbon dioxide production reaction, occurs more actively, lowering the carbon dioxide production efficiency and making long-term operation impossible.
- Example 1 Compared to Example 1 with the same current density, it can be confirmed that in Comparative Examples 1 and 3, the pH drops rapidly after 8 hours, and the change in the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is also significantly large. In addition, it can be confirmed that in Comparative Examples 2 and 4, the change in pH and ionic conductivity after 8 hours is also large compared to Example 2. That is, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the change in the pH and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is very large, and the ionic balance is broken, so the hydrogen production reaction occurs more actively, and it is predicted that long-term operation will be difficult.
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Abstract
Description
| 구분 | 전류 밀도 (mA/cm2) |
산성용액 저장조 포함여부(O/X) | 산성용액과 전해액의 순환 여부(O/X) | 산성용액 | 전해액 |
| 실시예 1 | 100 | O | O | Cs2SO4 + H2SO4 | Cs2SO4 + H2SO4 |
| 실시예 2 | 200 | O | O | Cs2SO4 + H2SO4 | Cs2SO4 + H2SO4 |
| 비교예 1 | 100 | X | X | X | Cs2SO4 + H2SO4 |
| 비교예 2 | 200 | X | X | X | Cs2SO4 + H2SO4 |
| 비교예 3 | 100 | O | X | H2SO4 | Cs2SO4 |
| 비교예 4 | 200 | O | X | H2SO4 | Cs2SO4 |
| 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 | 비교예 4 | ||||||
| 시간 (min) |
pH | 시간 (min) |
pH | 시간 (min) |
pH | 시간 (min) |
pH | 시간 (min) |
pH | 시간 (min) |
pH |
| 0 (초기) |
2.58 | 0 (초기) |
3 | 0 (초기) |
2.58 | 0 (초기) |
3 | 0 (초기) |
2.58 | 0 (초기) |
3 |
| 45 | 2.47 | 25 | 3.09 | 80 | 2.1 | 60 | 2.37 | 15 | 2.5 | 60 | 2.43 |
| 160 | 2.51 | 135 | 3.06 | 140 | 1.98 | 120 | 2.18 | 65 | 2.14 | 180 | 2.16 |
| 250 | 2.52 | 240 | 3.02 | 200 | 1.93 | 210 | 2.1 | 125 | 2.14 | 240 | 2.08 |
| 320 | 2.51 | 300 | 3.07 | 480(최종) | 1.87 | 480 (최종) |
2.08 | 180 | 2.14 | 310 | 2.11 |
| 390 | 2.56 | 390 | 3.13 | - | - | - | - | 240 | 2.12 | 360 | 2.11 |
| 440 | 2.58 | 480(최종) | 3.09 | - | - | - | - | 480 (최종) |
2.05 | 420 | 2.11 |
| 480(최종) | 2.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 480 (최종) |
2.09 |
| 변화량 | 0.02 | 변화량 | 0.09 | 변화량 | 0.71 | 변화량 | 0.92 | 변화량 | 0.53 | 변화량 | 0.91 |
| 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 | 비교예 4 | ||||||
| 시간 (min) |
이온 전도도 (μS/cm) |
시간 (min) |
이온 전도도 (μS/cm) |
시간 (min) |
이온 전도도 (μS/cm) |
시간 (min) |
이온 전도도 (μS/cm) |
시간 (min) |
이온 전도도 (μS/cm) |
시간 (min) |
이온 전도도 (μS/cm) |
| 0 (초기) |
113282 | 0 (초기) |
90521.5 | 0 (초기) |
113282 | 0 (초기) |
90521.5 | 0 (초기) |
113282 | 0 (초기) |
90521.5 |
| 45 | 122190 | 25 | 102727 | 80 | 159783 | 60 | 129660 | 15 | 118931 | 60 | 118205 |
| 160 | 114294 | 135 | 93052.5 | 140 | 204074 | 120 | 205340 | 125 | 168608 | 180 | 257599 |
| 250 | 113527 | 240 | 102685 | 200 | 275420 | 210 | 293306 | 180 | 242995 | 240 | 305934 |
| 320 | 117769 | 300 | 101824 | 480(최종) | 347643 | 480 (최종) |
356944 | 240 | 300728 | 310 | 314021 |
| 390 | 1177522 | 390 | 97303.4 | - | - | - | - | 480(최종) | 372262 | 360 | 342573 |
| 440 | 117033 | 480(최종) | 91940.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 420 | 365359 |
| 480(최종) | 116565 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 480 (최종) |
382393 |
| 변화량 | 3283 | 변화량 | 1419.1 | 변화량 | 234361 | 변화량 | 266422.5 | 변화량 | 258980 | 변화량 | 291871.5 |
Claims (12)
- 기체 확산층, 캐소드, 양이온 분리막, 애노드 및 전해액을 포함하는 전기분해 셀; 및상기 전기분해 셀 외부에, 상기 캐소드로부터 생성물을 배출하는 배출 유로로 연결된 저장조를 포함하고,상기 저장조에 포함된 산성용액 및 상기 전기분해 셀에 포함된 전해액은 동종 용액인 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 산성용액은 황산, 인산, 염산, 질산, 아세트산, 구연산 및 옥살산으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 수용액; 및 세슘, 칼륨 및 나트륨으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 염을 포함하는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 염은 Cs2CO3, CsHCO3, Cs2SO4, CsCl, CsNO3, K2CO3, KHCO3, K2SO4, K3PO4, KCl, KNO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, NaCl 및 NaNO3 로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 저장조는 산성용액 저장부 및 이와 연결된 전해액 저장부를 포함하고,상기 전해액 저장부는 상기 애노드와 용액 교환 유로로 연결된 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,상기 용액 교환 유로는 상기 전해액 저장부로부터 상기 애노드로 산성용액을 이송하는 용액 교환 제1 유로; 및상기 애노드로부터 상기 전해액 저장부로 전해액을 이송하는 용액 교환 제2 유로를 포함하는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전기분해 셀은 상기 기체 확산층, 상기 캐소드, 상기 분리막 및 애노드액 유로가 형성된 애노드가 순차적으로 적층된 제로갭 막전극 접합체 셀인 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 캐소드에서 전기분해 반응에 의해 생성된 생성물은 상기 배출 유로를 통해 상기 저장조로 이송되고,상기 생성물은 일산화탄소, 수증기 및 염을 포함하는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 저장조에서 상기 염으로부터 생성된 이산화탄소는 상기 전기분해 셀로 공급되는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 염은 탄산염인 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전기분해 장치는 이산화탄소를 전기분해하는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 이산화탄소는 수증기를 포함한 상태로 상기 전기분해 셀에 공급되는 것인 전기분해 장치.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 전기분해 장치는 이산화탄소를 전기분해하여 일산화탄소, 에틸렌, 메탄, 개미산, 탄화수소, 알데하이드 및 알코올로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 하나 이상을 생성하는 것인 전기분해 장치.
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Citations (6)
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| KR20150055033A (ko) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-05-20 | 리퀴드 라이트 인코포레이티드 | 이산화탄소의 전기화학적 환원을 위한 방법 및 고 표면적 전극 |
| KR20170117933A (ko) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-10-24 | (주) 테크윈 | 전해 시스템 및 이를 이용한 전해 방법 |
| KR20180133688A (ko) | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-17 | 한국과학기술원 | 이산화탄소의 분리 방법 및 이산화탄소 분리 시스템 |
| JP2019167556A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 二酸化炭素電解装置および二酸化炭素電解方法 |
| KR20210086528A (ko) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-08 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 이산화탄소로부터 유용 화합물을 생성하는 방법 및 장치 |
| KR20220079553A (ko) * | 2019-10-08 | 2022-06-13 | 코베스트로 인텔렉쳐 프로퍼티 게엠베하 운트 콤파니 카게 | 염소, 일산화탄소 및 임의로 수소의 생산을 위한 방법 및 전기분해 장치 |
-
2024
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- 2024-06-14 CN CN202480003969.6A patent/CN119866396A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-14 JP JP2025539977A patent/JP2026500816A/ja active Pending
- 2024-06-14 EP EP24823759.6A patent/EP4570962A4/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20150055033A (ko) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-05-20 | 리퀴드 라이트 인코포레이티드 | 이산화탄소의 전기화학적 환원을 위한 방법 및 고 표면적 전극 |
| KR20180133688A (ko) | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-17 | 한국과학기술원 | 이산화탄소의 분리 방법 및 이산화탄소 분리 시스템 |
| KR20170117933A (ko) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-10-24 | (주) 테크윈 | 전해 시스템 및 이를 이용한 전해 방법 |
| JP2019167556A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 二酸化炭素電解装置および二酸化炭素電解方法 |
| KR20220079553A (ko) * | 2019-10-08 | 2022-06-13 | 코베스트로 인텔렉쳐 프로퍼티 게엠베하 운트 콤파니 카게 | 염소, 일산화탄소 및 임의로 수소의 생산을 위한 방법 및 전기분해 장치 |
| KR20210086528A (ko) * | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-08 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 이산화탄소로부터 유용 화합물을 생성하는 방법 및 장치 |
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| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4570962A4 |
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| JP2026500816A (ja) | 2026-01-08 |
| CN119866396A (zh) | 2025-04-22 |
| EP4570962A1 (en) | 2025-06-18 |
| EP4570962A4 (en) | 2026-02-18 |
| KR20240176807A (ko) | 2024-12-24 |
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