WO2025014235A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025014235A1 WO2025014235A1 PCT/KR2024/009713 KR2024009713W WO2025014235A1 WO 2025014235 A1 WO2025014235 A1 WO 2025014235A1 KR 2024009713 W KR2024009713 W KR 2024009713W WO 2025014235 A1 WO2025014235 A1 WO 2025014235A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anode for a lithium secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same.
- lithium secondary batteries have been widely applied not only to small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also to medium and large devices such as battery packs or power storage devices for hybrid and electric vehicles.
- electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles that can replace vehicles that use fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel vehicles, which are one of the main causes of air pollution, is being conducted extensively.
- the lithium secondary batteries developed for automobiles have the problem that it takes a long time to charge after discharging due to vehicle operation. Therefore, as the distribution rate of electric vehicles increases, the demand for shortening the charging time to a level acceptable to users is increasing.
- lithium secondary batteries are power generation devices that can be charged and discharged, and are composed of a stacked structure of anode/separator/cathode.
- a lithium desorption reaction is induced in the cathode inside the battery, in which lithium contained in the cathode active material is oxidized and released, and a lithium insertion reaction occurs in the anode, in which lithium is reduced and enters the cathode active material.
- the desorption reaction in the cathode active material is faster than the insertion reaction in the anode active material, so the rapid charge/discharge performance of a lithium secondary battery is mainly determined by the anode.
- the negative electrode active material of the above-mentioned negative electrode a material including graphite is widely used.
- the average potential when the material including graphite releases lithium is approximately 0.2 V (based on Li / Li + ), and the discharge potential shows a relatively flat pattern. Therefore, when graphite is used as the negative electrode active material, the voltage of the secondary battery has the advantage of being high and constant.
- Amorphous carbon or crystalline carbon is used as the negative electrode active material, and among these, crystalline carbon is mainly used because of its high capacity.
- Such crystalline carbon includes graphite-based carbon such as natural graphite and artificial graphite.
- the above graphite-based carbon has different characteristics depending on its type.
- natural graphite is inexpensive and exhibits excellent adhesion to a current collector, but is relatively inferior to artificial graphite in terms of high-rate charge/discharge performance and life characteristics.
- the artificial graphite has a small amount of surface defects or functional groups, so its adhesion to a current collector is weak, and when propylene carbonate (PC) is mixed into the electrolyte to improve low-temperature performance, there is a problem in that the propylene carbonate exfoliates and destroys each layer forming the interlayer structure of the graphite.
- PC propylene carbonate
- mixed graphite which appropriately combines natural graphite and artificial graphite to take advantage of each of their strengths, as an anode active material for lithium secondary batteries.
- mixed graphite there is a limitation that it is difficult to reach a satisfactory level in terms of life characteristics and impact stability, etc., because the adhesive strength to the current collector is reduced.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery having excellent life characteristics, excellent output characteristics, and high rapid charging characteristics due to high adhesion to a current collector, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active layer including a carbon-based negative electrode active material provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector and having an average aspect ratio of 0.85 or less,
- the negative electrode active layer provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery having an alignment degree (O.I) of 10 or less of a carbon-based negative electrode active material according to the following formula 1:
- I 004 represents the area of the peak representing the (0,0,4) crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- I 110 represents the area of the peak representing the (1,1,0) crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may have an average aspect ratio of 0.2 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the alignment degree (O.I) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material according to Equation 1 of the negative electrode active layer may be 0.01 to 10.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may include at least one of natural graphite and artificial graphite.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be artificial graphite.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be 0.01 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the cathode active layer may have a porosity of 20% to 30%.
- the average thickness of the cathode active layer may be 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, comprising the step of drying a negative electrode slurry to which a magnetic field is applied to form a negative electrode active layer.
- the step of applying the magnetic field can be performed for 1 to 20 seconds.
- the step of applying the magnetic field can be performed with a magnetic field strength of 1,000 G to 7,000 G.
- An electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode of the present invention as described above, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
- a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte composition in which the electrode assembly is impregnated is provided.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode active layer provided on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector and including at least one type of positive electrode active material among lithium metal oxides represented by the following chemical formulas 1 and 2:
- M 1 is at least one element among W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, and Mo,
- M 2 is Ni, Co or Fe
- p is 0.05 ⁇ p ⁇ 1.0.
- the cathode active material may be LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , It may include at least one of LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.7 Mn 1.3 O 4 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 and LiNi 0.3 Mn 1.7 O 4 .
- the electrode assembly may be a stacked electrode assembly; a zigzag electrode assembly; or a zigzag-stacked electrode assembly.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has excellent life characteristics because it has high adhesion to the negative electrode collector by controlling the average aspect ratio of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer and the alignment degree (O.I) with respect to the negative electrode current collector to satisfy a predetermined range.
- the lithium secondary battery including the same has excellent output characteristics and the advantage of being able to be charged in a short time even at 1C-rate.
- "comprising as a main component” may mean comprising 50 wt% or more (or 50 wt% or more by volume), 60 wt% or more (or 60 wt% or more by volume), 70 wt% or more (or 70 wt% or more by volume), 80 wt% or more (or 80 wt% or more by volume), 90 wt% or more (or 90 wt% or more by volume), or 95 wt% or more (or 95 wt% or more) of a defined component with respect to the total weight (or total volume).
- “comprising graphite as a main component as a negative electrode active material” may mean comprising 50 wt% or more, 60 wt% or more, 70 wt% or more, 80 wt% or more, 90 wt% or more, or 95 wt% or more of graphite with respect to the total weight of the negative electrode active material, and in some cases, it may mean that the entire negative electrode active material is made of graphite and comprises 100 wt% of graphite.
- the phrase “the carbon-based negative electrode active material is oriented” or “the carbon-based negative electrode active material is aligned” means that a specific crystal plane (e.g., the a-b axis crystal plane of graphite) representing a two-dimensional planar structure of the carbon-based negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode active material particles is arranged to have a predetermined inclination with respect to the negative electrode current collector surface, which may be different from the case where the carbon-based negative electrode active material particles themselves are arranged to have a specific direction within the negative electrode active layer.
- a specific crystal plane e.g., the a-b axis crystal plane of graphite
- the phrase "high orientation of the carbon-based negative electrode active material” may mean that a specific crystal plane (e.g., an ab-axis crystal plane of graphite) representing a two-dimensional planar structure of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer frequently has a predetermined inclination with respect to the negative electrode current collector surface.
- the crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer is arranged at a high angle (e.g., an angle close to vertical, greater than 45°; specifically, greater than 60°) with respect to the negative electrode current collector surface.
- the "degree of alignment of the carbon-based negative electrode active material is high” means that the "degree of alignment (O.I)" mentioned in the present specification has a large value, which may mean that a specific crystal plane (e.g., the a-b axis crystal plane of graphite) representing the two-dimensional planar structure of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer is arranged at a low angle (e.g., less than 45°) with respect to the negative electrode current collector surface.
- a specific crystal plane e.g., the a-b axis crystal plane of graphite
- the "degree of alignment of the carbon-based negative electrode active material is low” means that the “degree of alignment (O.I)” has a small value, which may mean that the crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer is arranged at a high angle (e.g., an angle close to vertical, 45° or more; specifically, 60° or more) with respect to the negative electrode current collector surface.
- a high angle e.g., an angle close to vertical, 45° or more; specifically, 60° or more
- the “crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material” refers to a plane on which atoms of the carbon-based negative electrode active material form the outer shape of the crystal, and in the present invention, it may mean a crystal plane including a plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material, or a crystal plane including the a-axis/b-axis/a-b-axis of the carbon-based negative electrode active material crystal.
- the "average particle diameter (D 50 )" means the particle diameter at which the accumulated value is 50% in the particle diameter distribution of particles, and this is also called the median diameter.
- the above average particle diameter can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size measuring device.
- the “aspect ratio” in this specification means the ratio of the shortest dimension to the longest dimension passing through the center of a two-dimensional particle when performing a cross-sectional structural analysis of the negative active material or projecting it into a two-dimensional particle.
- the “average aspect ratio” means the number-weighted mean average of the aspect ratios of each particle in the active material particle population. The aspect ratio can be measured using a particle shape analyzer, or can be determined by measuring the shape of a two-dimensionally projected particle using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an energy dispersive spectrometer and then analyzing the measured result.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active layer including a carbon-based negative electrode active material provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector and having an average aspect ratio of 0.85 or less,
- the above negative electrode active layer provides a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery having an alignment degree (O.I) of 10 or less of a carbon-based negative electrode active material according to the following formula 1:
- I 004 represents the area of the peak representing the (0,0,4) crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- I 110 represents the area of the peak representing the (1,1,0) crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a negative electrode active layer on at least one surface of a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active layer is a layer that implements electrical activity of the negative electrode, and includes a negative electrode active material that implements an electrochemical redox reaction during charging and discharging of the battery as a main component.
- the negative electrode active material is a carbon-based negative electrode active material
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material refers to a material having carbon atoms as a main component.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may include graphite.
- the graphite may include at least one of natural graphite and artificial graphite.
- the graphite may further include, in addition to natural graphite and artificial graphite, mesophase calcined carbon (bulk mesophase) using tar and pitch as raw materials, and graphitized coke (raw coke, green coke, pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, etc.).
- the negative electrode active layer according to the present invention may contain artificial graphite alone. Since the life of the negative electrode is significantly improved by containing artificial graphite alone in the negative electrode active layer, it can be advantageously used in conditions such as automobile batteries that must withstand frequent charging for a long time.
- artificial graphite has the advantage of being able to be charged at a faster rate under the same C-rate conditions and having superior output performance compared to natural graphite.
- the average aspect ratio of a carbon-based negative electrode active material is one of the indicators indicating the shape of the particle, and the electrical performance or adhesive strength of the negative electrode active layer may differ depending on the shape of the carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- the present invention controls the shape/form of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer so that the average aspect ratio satisfies a predetermined range, thereby increasing the adhesive strength between the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active layer while simultaneously improving the output and rapid charging of the negative electrode.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer may have an average aspect ratio of 0.85 or less.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may have an average aspect ratio of 0.2 or more and 0.8 or less; 0.10 to 0.85; 0.25 to 0.85; 0.25 to 0.80; 0.25 to 0.70; 0.25 to 0.60; 0.25 to 0.50; 0.25 to 0.40; 0.40 to 0.65; 0.50 to 0.80; 0.50 to 0.65; 0.60 to 0.85; 0.60 to 0.75; 0.70 to 0.85; 0.10 to 0.40; or 0.45 to 0.75.
- the average aspect ratio of 0.85 or less may mean having an ellipsoidal shape that is stretched in an arbitrary one-way direction based on the center of the particle. That is, the present invention may include a carbon-based negative electrode active material in an ellipsoidal shape that is stretched in an arbitrary one-way direction in the negative electrode active layer.
- the negative electrode active layer can further shorten the movement path of lithium ions, thereby improving the output characteristics of the negative electrode and further shortening the charging time.
- the average aspect ratio of the carbon-based negative electrode active material exceeds 0.85, the degree of curvature on the negative electrode surface increases, which has a limitation in that the charging speed is low when charging the secondary battery.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material has a shape satisfying the above-described average aspect ratio, and preferably may have a round particle shape, rather than a plate shape, a sheet shape, a flake shape, a needle shape, etc.
- a round particle shape may mean a particle without a corner.
- the shape may be spherical or ellipsoidal, and in some cases, the shape may be amorphous (shapelessness, ⁇ ) that is difficult to define.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be ellipsoidal.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material can be more easily secured as a migration path of lithium ions within the negative electrode active layer, and thus, charging can be completed in a shorter time even when charging is performed under the same conditions.
- the ellipsoid may be a graphite assembly formed by gathering a plurality of flake-shaped graphite.
- one graphite assembly may be formed by gathering 2 to 100 flake-shaped graphite, preferably 3 to 20.
- the present invention can further increase the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active layer by controlling the shape of the carbon-based negative electrode active material as described above, and can maximize the contact area with the negative electrode current collector to enhance the adhesive strength between the negative electrode active layer and the negative electrode current collector.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may have a predetermined average particle diameter (D 50 ).
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be 0.1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and specifically, 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m; 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m; 11 ⁇ m to 19 ⁇ m; 8 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m; 15 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m; 5 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m; 0.1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m; 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m; 0.1 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m; 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m; 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m; 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m; 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m; 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m; 0.5 ⁇ m to 4.5 ⁇ m; 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m; 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m; Or
- the present invention can suppress an increase in the electrical resistance of the negative electrode active layer in the above range.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material can maximize the degree of disorder in the expansion direction for each particle so as to prevent expansion of the particles due to charging of lithium ions while increasing the specific surface area, thereby further increasing the adhesive force between the negative electrode active layer and the negative electrode current collector.
- the present invention has an advantage of being able to increase the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active layer in the above range, and at the same time, securing a movement path for lithium ions.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material has a particle size lower than the lower limit of the average particle diameter (D 50 ) if the carbon-based negative electrode active material has a particle size lower than the lower limit of the average particle diameter (D 50 ), a large amount of binder is required due to an increase in the number of particles per unit volume, which may deteriorate the electrical properties of the negative electrode active layer including them.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material has a particle size higher than the upper limit of the average particle diameter (D 50 )
- the expansion rate of the negative electrode active material significantly increases during charge/discharge of the secondary battery, so that as charge/discharge is repeated, the adhesion between the negative electrode active material particles and the adhesion between the negative electrode active material particles and the current collector deteriorate, which may significantly reduce the cycle characteristics.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material can satisfy the following equation 2 from 0.1 to 13:
- A represents the average aspect ratio of the carbon-based negative electrode material
- D 50 represents the average particle size (unit: ⁇ m) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- the average aspect ratio and average particle size of the carbon-based negative electrode active material are parameters that affect the adhesion between the negative electrode active layer and the negative electrode current collector and the migration path of lithium ions in the negative electrode active layer, respectively.
- the resistance of the negative electrode active layer may increase, thereby lowering the electrical properties. This may affect the charge/discharge capacity and output of the negative electrode.
- Equation 2 shows the correlation between the average aspect ratio and the average particle size of the carbon-based negative electrode active material, to satisfy a predetermined range.
- Equation 2 above is a parameter showing that the shape and size of the carbon-based negative electrode active material which performs an electrochemical redox reaction during charge and discharge act organically and/or complementarily.
- the present invention can realize excellent life characteristics and electrical performance of the negative electrode simultaneously by satisfying Equation 2 above within a predetermined range even if either the average aspect ratio or the average particle size of the carbon-based negative electrode active material has a significantly low value.
- the negative electrode can satisfy Equation 2 as 0.1 to 13.
- the negative electrode can satisfy Equation 2 as 0.1 to 11; 0.1 to 10; 0.1 to 9; 0.1 to 8; 0.1 to 7; 0.1 to 5; 0.1 to 3; 0.5 to 5; 0.5 to 6.9; 0.5 to 8.9; 5 to 9; 2 to 7; 3 to 8; 1 to 8; 10 to 13; or 1 to 6.
- the crystal structure characteristics of carbon-based negative electrode active materials contained in the negative electrode active layer can be controlled to realize a fast charging speed while maintaining the adhesive strength between the negative electrode active layer and the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active layer may have an alignment degree (O.I) of 15 or less of a carbon-based negative electrode active material according to the following formula 1:
- I 004 represents the area of the peak representing the [0,0,4] crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- I 110 represents the area of the peak representing the [1,1,0] crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the degree of alignment (O.I) of the above carbon-based negative electrode active material can be an indicator of the degree to which the ab-axis crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material is oriented in a certain direction, specifically, with respect to the negative electrode current collector surface, when measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the negative electrode active layer according to the present invention may be aligned so that the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the layer has an angle of 60° or more, 70° or more, 70 to 90°, 80 to 90°, 65 to 85°, or 70 to 85° with respect to the negative electrode collector. Accordingly, the degree of alignment (O.I) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be lower compared to a case where the carbon-based negative electrode active material is aligned at a low angle of less than 60°.
- the alignment degree (O.I) indicates the degree of alignment of the ab-axis crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer may have an alignment degree (O.I) of 10 or less, and specifically, 0.01 to 10; 0.01 to 9; 0.01 to 7; 0.01 to 5; 0.01 to 3; 1 to 9; 3 to 9; 5 to 9; 3 to 8; 4 to 7; 6 to 10; 6 to 9; 0.01 to 4; 0.1 to 2.5; 0.1 to 2.0; 0.1 to 1.5; 0.2 to 1.3; 0.4 to 1.3; 0.4 to 1.3; 0.4 to 1.3; 0.4 to 1.0; 0.5 to 1.3; 1.1 to 1.3; 0.5 to 0.9; Or it can be 0.4 to 0.6.
- O.I alignment degree
- the present invention can secure an ion mgration channel through which lithium ions can move more shortly inside the negative electrode active layer by controlling the degree of alignment (O.I) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer as described above. Accordingly, the negative electrode of the present invention can prevent an increase in resistance due to a long movement distance of lithium ions, thereby increasing the movement speed of lithium ions during charge and discharge, thereby simultaneously improving rapid charging performance and output performance with high safety.
- O.I degree of alignment
- the high-rate constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) method reaches the upper limit voltage very quickly during the constant current (CC) charging stage, the current may drop to a preset limit before the active material is completely consumed. That is, there is a problem that the effect of reducing the total time for charging a secondary battery is minimal because the charging time increases significantly during the constant voltage (CV) charging stage.
- the present invention can secure a short movement path of lithium ions in the negative electrode active layer, the resistance induced in the negative electrode active layer during charging can be significantly reduced.
- This resistance reduction can induce the execution time of the constant current (CC) charging step to be longer than the execution time of the constant voltage (CV) charging step during charging in the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) method.
- the constant voltage (CV) charging step shows a tendency for the current to be reduced in order to maintain the same voltage.
- the present invention can increase the execution time of the constant current (CC) charging step by controlling the alignment degree (O.I) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material, and thereby complete the charging of the secondary battery in a significantly shorter time.
- the cathode active layer may have a porosity of 20% to 30%, and specifically, may have a porosity of 23% to 30%; 25% to 30%; 26% to 29%; or 24% to 28%.
- the cathode active layer can exhibit a BET specific surface area of 0.62 m2/g or less, and specifically, can exhibit a BET specific surface area of 0.615 m2/g or less, 0.6 m2/g or less, 0.5 m2/g or less, 0.20 to 0.62 m2/g, 0.30 to 0.62 m2/g, 0.40 to 0.62 m2/g, 0.40 to 0.60 m2/g, 0.40 to 0.55 m2/g, 0.40 to 0.50 m2/g, or 0.58 to 0.62 m2/g.
- the specific surface area can be measured by the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller; BET) method.
- BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
- it can be measured by the BET 6-point method by nitrogen gas adsorption distribution method using a porosimetry analyzer (Bell Japan Inc, Belsorp-II mini).
- the present invention can increase the energy density of the cathode without reducing the electrolyte wettability of the cathode active layer by controlling the porosity and/or the BET specific surface area of the cathode active layer, which is located at the outermost layer among the cathode active layers and is in direct contact with the electrolyte, within the above range.
- the average thickness of the entire negative electrode active layer may be 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and specifically, 100 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m; 200 ⁇ m to 350 ⁇ m; 50 ⁇ m to 180 ⁇ m; 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m; 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m; 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m; or 130 ⁇ m to 190 ⁇ m.
- the present invention can easily control the crystal characteristics of each carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer by adjusting the average thickness of the negative electrode active layer within the above range. Accordingly, the negative electrode of the present invention not only can implement high adhesion between the negative electrode active layer and the negative electrode current collector, but also has an advantage of rapid charging capable of completing charging within a short time even under standard conditions (1C-rate).
- the negative electrode active layer according to the present invention may optionally further include a conductive agent, a binder, other additives, etc., as needed, along with the negative electrode active material as the main component.
- the above-mentioned challenge material may include one or more of carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, etc., but is not limited thereto.
- the cathode active layer may contain carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, or the like alone or in combination as a conductive material.
- the content of the conductive material may be 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the entire negative electrode active layer, and specifically, may be 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, 2 to 6 parts by weight, or 0.5 to 2 parts by weight.
- the present invention can prevent the resistance of the negative electrode from increasing due to a low content of the conductive material, thereby reducing the charging capacity, and can prevent the problem of the content of the negative electrode active material decreasing due to an excessive amount of the conductive material, thereby reducing the charging capacity, or the problem of the rapid charging characteristics deteriorating due to an increase in the loading amount of the negative electrode active layer.
- the binder may be appropriately applied as a component that assists in the bonding of the negative electrode active material and the conductive agent and the bonding to the current collector, within a range that does not deteriorate the electrical properties of the electrode, and specifically, may include at least one of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and fluororubber.
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluor
- the content of the binder may be 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active layer, and specifically, may be 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, or 2 to 6 parts by weight.
- the present invention can prevent the adhesive strength of the active layer from being lowered due to a low content of binder or the electrical properties of the electrode from being lowered due to an excessive amount of binder.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, etc. can be used. In the case of copper or stainless steel, a surface-treated one with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can also be used.
- the average thickness of the negative electrode current collector can be appropriately applied from 1 to 500 ⁇ m in consideration of the conductivity and total thickness of the negative electrode to be manufactured.
- An electrode assembly comprising an anode, a cathode of the present invention as described above, and a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode;
- a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte composition in which the electrode assembly is impregnated is provided.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes an electrode assembly having a structure in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately arranged and a separator is positioned between them.
- the lithium secondary battery, which is provided with the negative electrode of the present invention described above, not only has excellent output characteristics but can also be charged in a short time even at a 1C-rate, so it can be usefully used as power for medium and large-sized devices such as electric vehicles.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active layer including a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active layer may optionally further include a conductive material, a binder, other additives, etc., as needed.
- the above cathode active material is a material capable of causing an electrochemical reaction on a cathode current collector, and may include at least one of lithium metal oxides represented by the following chemical formulas 1 and 2, which are capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions:
- M 1 is at least one element from among W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, and Mo.
- M 2 is Ni, Co or Fe
- p 0.05 ⁇ p ⁇ 1.0
- r is either 0 or 1.
- the lithium metal oxides represented by the chemical formulas 1 and 2 above are substances containing high contents of nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), respectively, and when used as a cathode active material, they have the advantage of being able to stably supply high-capacity and/or high-voltage electricity compared to conventional cathode active materials such as iron phosphate (LiFeO 4 ).
- the lithium metal oxide represented by the chemical formula 1 may include LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 , LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , LiNi 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 , etc.
- the lithium metal oxide represented by the chemical formula 2 may include LiNi 0.7 Mn 1.3 O 4 ; LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ; LiNi 0.3 Mn 1.7 O 4 , etc. Lithium metal oxides represented by the above chemical formula 1 and/or chemical formula 2 may be used alone or in combination.
- the cathode active material may be included in an amount of 85 parts by weight or more based on the weight of the cathode active layer, and specifically, may be included in an amount of 90 parts by weight or more, 93 parts by weight or more, or 95 parts by weight or more.
- the positive electrode active layer may further include a conductive agent, a binder, other additives, etc., along with the positive electrode active material.
- the conductive material is used to improve the electrical performance of the anode, and can be applied as commonly used in the art, but specifically, can include at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Denka black, Ketjen black, Super-P, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
- the above-mentioned conductive agent may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active layer, and specifically, may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 4 parts by weight; 2 to 4 parts by weight; 1.5 to 5 parts by weight; 1 to 3 parts by weight; 0.1 to 2 parts by weight; or 0.1 to 1 part by weight.
- the binder performs the function of binding the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode additive, and the conductive material to each other, and any binder having this function may be used without particular limitation.
- the binder may include at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVdF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, and copolymers thereof.
- the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active layer, specifically 2 to 8 parts by weight; or 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the total thickness of the above-mentioned positive electrode active layer is not particularly limited, but may be specifically 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, and more specifically 100 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m; 80 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m; 120 ⁇ m to 170 ⁇ m; 150 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m; 200 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m; or 150 ⁇ m to 190 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode can be used as a positive electrode current collector that has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- a positive electrode current collector that has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, etc. can be used, and in the case of aluminum or stainless steel, a surface-treated one with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can also be used.
- the average thickness of the current collector can be appropriately applied in the range of 3 to 500 ⁇ m in consideration of the conductivity and total thickness of the positive electrode to be manufactured.
- the separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes of each unit cell is an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength, and is not particularly limited as long as it is commonly used in the art, but specifically, one including at least one polymer among polypropylene; polyethylene; and polyethylene-propylene copolymers having chemical resistance and hydrophobicity can be used.
- the separator may have a porous polymer substrate form such as a sheet or nonwoven fabric including the above-described polymer, and in some cases, may have a form of a composite separator in which organic or inorganic particles are coated on the porous polymer substrate using an organic binder.
- the separator may have an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and an average thickness of 5 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a secondary battery having a form that may include a stack type; a zigzag type; or a zigzag-stack type electrode assembly.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may be a pouch type secondary battery or a square secondary battery.
- Pouch-type secondary batteries and/or square secondary batteries have the advantage of high utilization in terms of energy density because the unit cells of the secondary batteries can be packed at a high density in a limited space.
- the electrolyte composition can be used without particular limitation as long as it is one that is commonly applied to lithium secondary batteries.
- the electrolyte composition may include a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an electrolyte additive.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent can be applied without particular limitation as long as it is used in a non-aqueous electrolyte in the art.
- the non-aqueous organic solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), gamma-butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolan, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolan, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, triester phosphoric acid, trimethoxy methane, dioxolan derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2
- non-aqueous organic solvent used in the present invention may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed in any combination or ratio according to the intended use.
- the lithium salt may be applied without particular limitation if it is used in a non-aqueous electrolyte in the art.
- the lithium salt may include one or more of LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, and (FSO 2 ) 2 NLi.
- the lower limit of the appropriate concentration range for properly using the above lithium salt is 0.5 mol/L or more, specifically 0.7 mol/L or more, more specifically 0.9 mol/L or more, and the upper limit is 2.5 mol/L or less, specifically 2.0 mol/L or less, more specifically 1.5 mol/L or less. If the concentration of the lithium salt is less than 0.5 mol/L, there is a concern that the ionic conductivity may decrease, thereby deteriorating the cycle characteristics and output characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the concentration of the lithium salt exceeds 2.5 mol/L, the viscosity of the electrolyte for the non-aqueous electrolyte battery increases, which also concerns deteriorating the ionic conductivity and deteriorating the cycle characteristics and output characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the temperature of the electrolyte may rise due to the heat of dissolution of the lithium salt.
- the temperature of the non-aqueous organic solvent rises significantly due to the heat of dissolution of the lithium salt in this way, in the case of a lithium salt containing fluorine, there is a concern that decomposition may be promoted and hydrogen fluoride (HF) may be generated. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is not desirable because it causes deterioration of battery performance. Therefore, the temperature when dissolving the lithium salt in the non-aqueous organic solvent is not particularly limited, but may be controlled to -20 to 80°C, and specifically, may be controlled to 0 to 60°C.
- the electrolyte additive may be included as an additional auxiliary component to improve the properties of the electrolyte composition.
- An electrolyte additive generally used in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention may be added at any ratio. Specifically, compounds having an overcharge prevention effect, a negative electrode film formation effect, and a positive electrode protection effect, such as cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, t-butylbenzene, carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, difluoroanisole, fluoroethylene carbonate, propane sultone, succinonitrile, and dimethylvinylene carbonate, may be mentioned.
- the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery by solidifying it with a gelling agent or a crosslinking polymer, such as in the case of use in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery called a lithium polymer battery.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, so not only does it have excellent battery output characteristics, but also has the advantage of being able to be charged in a short time even at a 1C-rate.
- a method for manufacturing an anode for a lithium secondary battery including a step of drying a cathode slurry to which a magnetic field is applied to form a cathode active layer.
- the method for manufacturing a negative electrode according to the present invention refers to the method for manufacturing the negative electrode of the present invention described above.
- the method for manufacturing the negative electrode can manufacture a negative electrode having a negative electrode active layer in which the crystal characteristics of a negative electrode active material are controlled by applying a negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector, applying a magnetic field to the surface of the applied negative electrode slurry, and then drying each negative electrode slurry.
- the step of applying the negative electrode slurry is a step of discharging and coating the negative electrode slurry containing a carbon-based negative electrode active material onto the surface of the moving negative electrode collector.
- This step may be applied without particular limitation as long as it is a method commonly applied in the art, but preferably, a die coating method may be used.
- the die coating method may be performed through a slot die having a shim for controlling the discharging conditions of the negative electrode slurry. In this case, by controlling the shape, position, etc. of the shim, the loading amount, coating thickness, etc. of the negative electrode slurry applied onto the negative electrode collector can be easily controlled.
- the step of applying a magnetic field to the negative electrode slurry may be a step of controlling the crystal characteristics of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode slurry. Specifically, this step can align the a-b axis crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode slurry to have a high angle with respect to the negative electrode collector by applying a magnetic field to the surface of the negative electrode slurry applied on the negative electrode collector.
- the magnetic field can be applied by the magnet parts arranged on the upper and lower sides of the negative electrode current collector, which is moved while the negative electrode slurry is applied on the surface.
- the polarities of the magnet parts arranged on the upper and lower sides can be different from each other.
- the alignment degree (O.I) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in each negative electrode slurry can be controlled by the strength of the applied magnetic field, the application time, etc., and accordingly, the step of applying the magnetic field can be performed under predetermined magnetic field strength conditions.
- a magnetic field of 10,000 G (Gauss) or less may be applied, and specifically, a magnetic field may be applied with a strength of 1,000 G to 7,000 G; 2,000 G to 6,000 G; 1,500 G to 5,000 G; 1,500 G to 4,500 G; 4,000 G to 7,000 G; 2,000 G to 4,000 G; 2,500 G to 3,500 G; 3,000 G to 6,500 G; or 2,700 G to 3,300 G.
- the step of applying the magnetic field may be performed for 1 second to 20 seconds, and specifically, may be performed for 1 second to 15 seconds; 1 second to 10 seconds; 5 seconds to 20 seconds; 10 seconds to 20 seconds; 11 seconds to 18 seconds; 1 second to 5 seconds; 7 seconds to 13 seconds; or 6 seconds to 11 seconds.
- a magnetic field of 3,000 ⁇ 50 G may be applied to the cathode slurry for 9 to 11 seconds.
- the step of applying the magnetic field is performed by the magnet portions introduced above and below the applied cathode slurry as mentioned above, and the size of the magnet portions can be adjusted to be larger than the size of the cathode slurry so that the magnetic field applied to the cathode slurry can be uniformly applied to the entire surface of the cathode slurry.
- the magnet portions can have a length ratio of 105% to 200% based on the width direction length of the cathode slurry, and specifically, can have a length ratio of 110% to 180%; 110% to 160%; 110% to 140%; 110% to 130%; 130% to 150%; or 105% to 120% based on the width direction length of the cathode slurry.
- the present invention can uniformly implement the alignment degree (O.I) of a carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in a negative electrode slurry so as to satisfy a predetermined range by controlling the strength of the magnetic field, the application time, and/or the size of the magnet portion as described above in the step of applying the magnetic field.
- O.I alignment degree
- the step of forming the cathode active layer may include a step of drying the cathode slurry; and a step of rolling the dried cathode slurry.
- the step of drying the negative electrode slurry can be applied without particular limitation as long as it is a method capable of maintaining the orientation of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode active layer.
- the drying step can dry the cathode slurry by applying heat energy to the cathode slurry using a hot air dryer, a vacuum oven, or the like.
- the step of rolling the dried cathode slurry is a step of increasing the density of the cathode active layer by applying pressure to the dried cathode slurry using a roll press or the like. At this time, the rolling can be performed under temperature conditions higher than room temperature.
- the rolling can be performed at a temperature of 50° C. to 100° C., more specifically, 60° C. to 100° C.; 75° C. to 100° C.; 85° C. to 100° C.; 50° C. to 90° C.; 60° C. to 80° C. or 65° C. to 90° C.
- the rolling can be performed at a rolling speed of 2 m/s to 7 m/s, more specifically, 2 m/s to 6.5 m/s; 2 m/s to 6 m/s; 2 m/s to 5.5 m/s; 2 m/s to 5 m/s; 2 m/s to 4.5 m/s; 2 m/s to 4 m/s; 2.5 m/s to 4 m/s; 2.5 m/s to 3.5 m/s; 3.5 m/s to 5 m/s;
- the rolling can be performed at a rolling speed of 5 m/s to 7 m/s; 5.5 m/s to 6.5 m/s or 6 m/s to 7 m/s.
- the rolling can be performed under a pressure condition of 50 MPa to 200 MPa, and specifically, can be performed under a pressure condition of 50 MPa to 150 MPa; 50 MPa to 100 MPa; 100 MPa to 200 MPa; 150 MPa to 200 MPa or 80 MPa to 140 MPa.
- the present invention can increase the energy density of a negative electrode while minimizing changes in the alignment of a carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in a negative electrode active layer formed by performing rolling of a dried negative electrode slurry under the above-mentioned temperature, speed, and/or pressure conditions.
- carbon-based negative electrode active material artificial graphite having a secondary particle form by assembling primary particles of flake shape was prepared.
- carbon black as a conductive material
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- D 50 average particle diameter of the carbon-based negative electrode active material was measured by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the cathode slurry was cast on a copper foil (thickness: 10 ⁇ m) being transported roll-to-roll (transport speed: 5 m/min) using a single die coater.
- a permanent magnet having a length ratio of 110 to 120% of the widthwise length of the negative electrode slurry was placed on the upper part of the applied negative electrode slurry and on the lower part of the negative electrode collector, and a magnetic field of 3,000 ⁇ 20 G was applied. At this time, the time for which the magnetic field was applied is shown in Table 1.
- the negative electrode slurry to which the magnetic field was applied was dried with hot air to form an negative electrode in the form of a negative electrode active layer laminated on the negative electrode collector.
- the formed negative electrode active layer was rolled at 50 ⁇ 1°C, under a pressure of 100 to 150 MPa, and a conveying speed of 3 m/s, to manufacture an negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery (average thickness of the negative electrode active layer: 190 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, loading: 5 to 20 mg/cm2).
- the average aspect ratio means the ratio of the shortest dimension to the longest dimension passing through the center of the artificial graphite particle.
- X-ray diffraction X-ray diffraction
- I 004 represents the area of the peak representing the (0,0,4) crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- I 110 represents the area of the peak representing the (1,1,0) crystal plane of the carbon-based negative electrode material in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy analysis of the negative electrode active layer.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- a lithium secondary battery negative electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that natural graphite having an ellipsoidal shape or artificial graphite having a flake shape was used as the carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- LiNi 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 with a particle size of 5 ⁇ m was prepared as a cathode active material, and mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride as a carbon-based conductive agent and binder in a weight ratio of 94:3:3 in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to form a slurry, which was cast on an aluminum sheet, dried in a vacuum oven at 120°C, and then rolled to manufacture a cathode.
- NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone
- a separator made of polypropylene with a thickness of 18 ⁇ m was interposed between the positive electrode obtained above and the negative electrode manufactured in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, respectively, and then inserted into a case, and an electrolyte composition was injected to assemble a 1 Ah-class lithium secondary battery.
- Example 9 Cathode manufactured in Example 1
- Example 10 Cathode manufactured in Example 2
- Example 11 Cathode manufactured in Example 3
- Example 12 Cathode manufactured in Example 4
- Example 13 Cathode manufactured in Example 5
- Example 14 Cathode manufactured in Example 6
- Example 15 Cathode manufactured in Example 7
- Example 16 Cathode manufactured in Example 8 Comparative Example 6
- Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 7 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 8
- Comparative Example 9 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 10 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 5
- the negative electrodes manufactured in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were cut to have lengths of 25 mm and 70 mm, respectively, to prepare test pieces.
- the prepared test pieces were attached to a glass plate using double-sided tape, and the current collector was positioned so that it faced the glass plate.
- the test pieces fixed to the glass plate were fixed to a tensile tester, and the negative active layer of each negative electrode was pulled at a speed of 100 mm/min at 25°C so as to form a 90° angle with the negative current collector and detached.
- the peeling force measured in real time was defined as the interfacial adhesive force between the negative current collector and the negative active layer, and the measured results are shown in Table 4 below.
- Each of the lithium secondary batteries manufactured in Examples 9 to 16 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10 was charged to 4.2 V under CC-CV conditions at a rate of 0.3 C at 25°C, and then discharged to 2.5 V under CC conditions at a rate of 0.3 C to activate them.
- Each activated lithium secondary battery was charged in a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) manner at a temperature of 25°C, and the time required for the state of charge (SOC) to reach 80% was measured.
- CC constant current
- CV constant voltage
- Example 9 Cathode manufactured in Example 1 34 gf/cm 11 seconds
- Example 10 Cathode manufactured in Example 2 33 gf/cm 16 seconds
- Example 11 Cathode manufactured in Example 3 34 gf/cm 19 seconds
- Example 12 Cathode manufactured in Example 4 39 gf/cm 12 seconds
- Example 13 Cathode manufactured in Example 5 38 gf/cm 12 seconds
- Example 14 Cathode manufactured in Example 6 37 gf/cm 11 seconds
- Example 15 Cathode manufactured in Example 7 35 gf/cm 11 seconds
- Example 16 Cathode manufactured in Example 8 31 gf/cm 21 seconds Comparative Example 6 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 1 25 gf/cm 28 seconds Comparative Example 7 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 2 28 gf/cm 51 seconds Comparative Example 8 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 3 30 gf/cm 24 seconds Comparative Example 9 Cathode manufactured in Comparative Example 4 29
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention not only has excellent adhesion between the negative electrode active layer and the negative electrode current collector, but also can be charged at a fast speed under 1C-rate conditions.
- the negative electrodes of the examples exhibited a high adhesion between the negative active layer and the negative current collector of 31 gf/cm or more (specifically, 33 gf/cm or more).
- the secondary batteries of the examples including these negative electrodes reached 80% state of charge (SOC) in a short time of 21 seconds or less (specifically, less than 20 seconds) under standard constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging conditions of 1C-rate.
- SOC state of charge
- CC-CV constant current-constant voltage
- the negative electrodes of the comparative examples showed low adhesion between the negative active layer and the negative current collector, below 30 gf/cm.
- the negative electrode of Comparative Example 4 showed adhesion between the negative active layer and the negative current collector as 30 gf/cm, and it was confirmed that a secondary battery including it took more than 22 seconds to reach 80% state of charge (SOC).
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has excellent life characteristics because it has high adhesion to the negative electrode current collector, and a lithium secondary battery including the same has excellent output characteristics and can be charged in a short time even at a 1C-rate.
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Abstract
Description
| 자기장 인가 조건 | 탄소계 음극활물질 | 음극 활성층의 O.I |
|||
| 인가 여부 | 시간 [초] | 평균 종횡비 | 평균 입경(D50) | ||
| 실시예 1 | O | 9~11 | 0.30 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 7 |
| 실시예 2 | O | 9~11 | 0.55 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 7 |
| 실시예 3 | O | 9~11 | 0.78 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 7 |
| 실시예 4 | O | 9~11 | 0.55 | 1.5±0.1㎛ | 8 |
| 실시예 5 | O | 9~11 | 0.55 | 5.0±0.2㎛ | 8 |
| 실시예 6 | O | 9~11 | 0.55 | 8.5±0.2㎛ | 8 |
| 실시예 7 | O | 9~11 | 0.55 | 12.5±0.2㎛ | 7 |
| 실시예 8 | O | 9~11 | 0.55 | 22.0±0.2㎛ | 7 |
| 비교예 1 | O | 1~2 | 0.55 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 16 |
| 비교예 2 | X | O | 0.55 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 23 |
| 비교예 3 | O | 9~11 | 0.95 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 10 |
| 탄소계 음극활물질 | 음극 활성층의 O.I | |||
| 종류 | 평균 종횡비 | 평균 입경(D50) | ||
| 비교예 4 | 천연 흑연 | 0.55 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 12 |
| 비교예 5 | 인조 흑연 | 0.55 | 15.5±0.2㎛ | 11 |
| 적용된 음극의 종류 | |
| 실시예 9 | 실시예 1에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 10 | 실시예 2에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 11 | 실시예 3에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 12 | 실시예 4에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 13 | 실시예 5에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 14 | 실시예 6에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 15 | 실시예 7에서 제조된 음극 |
| 실시예 16 | 실시예 8에서 제조된 음극 |
| 비교예 6 | 비교예 1에서 제조된 음극 |
| 비교예 7 | 비교예 2에서 제조된 음극 |
| 비교예 8 | 비교예 3에서 제조된 음극 |
| 비교예 9 | 비교예 4에서 제조된 음극 |
| 비교예 10 | 비교예 5에서 제조된 음극 |
| 음극의 종류 | 접착력 | 충전 소요시간 (SOC 80%) |
|
| 실시예 9 | 실시예 1에서 제조된 음극 | 34 gf/㎝ | 11초 |
| 실시예 10 | 실시예 2에서 제조된 음극 | 33 gf/㎝ | 16초 |
| 실시예 11 | 실시예 3에서 제조된 음극 | 34 gf/㎝ | 19초 |
| 실시예 12 | 실시예 4에서 제조된 음극 | 39 gf/㎝ | 12초 |
| 실시예 13 | 실시예 5에서 제조된 음극 | 38 gf/㎝ | 12초 |
| 실시예 14 | 실시예 6에서 제조된 음극 | 37 gf/㎝ | 11초 |
| 실시예 15 | 실시예 7에서 제조된 음극 | 35 gf/㎝ | 11초 |
| 실시예 16 | 실시예 8에서 제조된 음극 | 31 gf/㎝ | 21초 |
| 비교예 6 | 비교예 1에서 제조된 음극 | 25 gf/㎝ | 28초 |
| 비교예 7 | 비교예 2에서 제조된 음극 | 28 gf/㎝ | 51초 |
| 비교예 8 | 비교예 3에서 제조된 음극 | 30 gf/㎝ | 24초 |
| 비교예 9 | 비교예 4에서 제조된 음극 | 29 gf/㎝ | 32초 |
| 비교예 10 | 비교예 5에서 제조된 음극 | 14 gf/㎝ | 22초 |
Claims (15)
- 음극 집전체; 및 상기 음극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 마련되고 평균 종횡비가 0.85 이하인 탄소계 음극활물질을 포함하는 음극 활성층을 포함하고;상기 음극 활성층은 하기 식 1에 따른 탄소계 음극활물질의 정렬도(O.I)가 10 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 음극:[식 1]O.I = I004/I110식 1에서,I004는 음극 활성층에 대한 X선 회절(XRD) 분광 분석 시 탄소계 음극활물질의 (0,0,4) 결정면을 나타내는 피크의 면적을 나타내고,I110는 음극 활성층에 대한 X선 회절(XRD) 분광 분석 시 탄소계 음극활물질의 (1,1,0) 결정면을 나타내는 피크의 면적을 나타낸다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소계 음극활물질은 0.2 이상 0.8 이하의 평균 종횡비를 갖는 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활성층은 식 1에 따른 탄소계 음극활물질의 정렬도(O.I)가 0.01 내지 10인 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소계 음극활물질은 천연 흑연 및 인조 흑연 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소계 음극활물질은 인조 흑연인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소계 음극활물질의 평균 입경(D50)은 0.01㎛ 내지 20㎛인 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활성층은 20% 내지 30%의 공극률을 갖는 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활성층의 평균 두께는 50㎛ 내지 500㎛인 리튬 이차전지용 음극.
- 음극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 음극 슬러리를 도포하는 단계;도포된 음극 슬러리에 자기장을 인가하는 단계; 및자기장이 인가된 음극 슬러리를 건조하여 음극 활성층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 제1항에 따른 리튬 이차전지용 음극의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 자기장을 인가하는 단계는 1초 내지 20초 동안 수행되는 리튬 이차전지용 음극의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 자기장을 인가하는 단계는 1,000G 내지 7,000G의 자기장 세기로 수행되는 리튬 이차전지용 음극의 제조방법.
- 양극, 제1항에 따른 음극, 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 배치되는 분리막을 포함하는 전극 조립체; 및상기 전극 조립체가 함침되는 전해액 조성물을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 양극은 양극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 마련되고 하기 화학식 1 및 화학식 2로 나타내는 리튬 금속 산화물 중 1종 이상의 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극 활성층을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지:[화학식 1]Lix[NiyCozMnwM1 v]O2[화학식 2]LiM2 pMn1-pO4상기 화학식 1 및 화학식 2에서,M1은 W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, 및 Mo 중 1종 이상의 원소이고,x, y, z, w 및 v는 각각 1.0≤x≤1.30, 0.5≤y<1, 0<z≤0.3, 0<w≤0.3, 0≤v≤0.1이되, y+z+w+v=1이고,M2는 Ni, Co 또는 Fe이며,p는 0.05≤p≤1.0이다.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 양극활물질은 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.1Al0.1O2, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.15Al0.05O2, LiNi0.7Co0.1Mn0.1Al0.1O2, LiNi0.7Mn1.3O4, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 및 LiNi0.3Mn1.7O4 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 전극 조립체는 스택형 전극 조립체; 지그재그형 전극 조립체; 또는 지그재그-스택형 전극 조립체인 리튬 이차전지.
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| EP24840046.7A EP4629341A4 (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2024-07-08 | Lithium anode for secondary battery and its manufacturing process |
| JP2025539728A JP2026503012A (ja) | 2023-07-11 | 2024-07-08 | リチウム二次電池用負極およびその製造方法 |
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| JP2013069432A (ja) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池とその製造方法 |
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| KR20220064389A (ko) | 2019-12-06 | 2022-05-18 | 컨템포러리 엠퍼렉스 테크놀로지 씨오., 리미티드 | 이차 전지 및 이를 포함하는 장치 |
| KR102536147B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-05-26 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 이의 제조방법 |
| KR102544496B1 (ko) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-06-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 이의 제조방법 |
| KR20230089499A (ko) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-20 | 아이디어주식회사 | 자동 영상 인식 및 추적 기능을 갖는 비전 시스템 |
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| JP6040022B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-02 | 2016-12-07 | Jfeケミカル株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| KR102722956B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-06 | 2024-10-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차전지용 음극 및 그를 포함하는 이차전지 |
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| KR20220064389A (ko) | 2019-12-06 | 2022-05-18 | 컨템포러리 엠퍼렉스 테크놀로지 씨오., 리미티드 | 이차 전지 및 이를 포함하는 장치 |
| KR20230089499A (ko) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-20 | 아이디어주식회사 | 자동 영상 인식 및 추적 기능을 갖는 비전 시스템 |
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| KR102544496B1 (ko) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-06-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 이의 제조방법 |
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