WO2025053668A1 - 음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지 - Google Patents
음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025053668A1 WO2025053668A1 PCT/KR2024/013482 KR2024013482W WO2025053668A1 WO 2025053668 A1 WO2025053668 A1 WO 2025053668A1 KR 2024013482 W KR2024013482 W KR 2024013482W WO 2025053668 A1 WO2025053668 A1 WO 2025053668A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode and a lithium ion secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- an anodeless lithium-ion secondary battery including a negative electrode active material layer including a metal that forms an alloy with lithium and a carbon material is known.
- the above anode-less lithium-ion secondary battery is driven by a mechanism in which metallic lithium is deposited between the negative electrode active material layer and the current collector during charging, and the metallic lithium is ionized and moves toward the positive electrode during discharge.
- the above negative active material layer is formed of carbon material and metal material such as Ag, and development of various materials is required to improve the operating characteristics and life characteristics of the battery.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode capable of improving the operating characteristics and life characteristics of a battery and a lithium ion secondary battery including the same.
- the above active material layer includes carbon particles and metal sulfide particles
- a lithium ion secondary battery including the above negative electrode; the positive electrode; and an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode of the present invention includes a negative electrode active material layer in the form of a mixture of carbon material particles and metal sulfide particles, thereby providing the effect of improving the operating characteristics and life characteristics of a battery.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention provides excellent driving characteristics and life characteristics by including the negative electrode active material layer.
- Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views schematically showing the structure of a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention.
- the negative electrode of the present invention includes a current collector and an active material layer,
- the above active material layer includes carbon particles and metal sulfide particles
- the above metal sulfide is characterized by including at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag 2 S, MnS, and GeS.
- the metal sulfide particles may be included in an amount of 10 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 12 to 28 parts by weight, and more preferably 15 to 25 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the combined weight of the carbon material particles and the metal sulfide particles.
- the metal sulfide is included in an amount of less than 10 parts by weight, it is not sufficient to form an alloy with lithium, so the advantage of lowering the alloying activation energy by adding the metal sulfide cannot be realized, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the storage capacity of lithium decreases, causing problems such as an overall decrease in capacity and a decline in high-rate discharge characteristics, which is not desirable.
- the negative electrode may include metal sulfide particles before being assembled into a battery. That is, in the present invention, the negative electrode may include metal sulfide during the preparation of the negative electrode active material and/or during the preparation of the composition (e.g., slurry) for forming the negative electrode active material layer.
- the composition e.g., slurry
- the carbon material particles may be, for example, amorphous carbon material particles.
- the carbon material particles are not limited to amorphous particles.
- Specific examples of the amorphous carbon material include, but are not limited to, carbon black such as acetylene black, furnace black, and Ketjen black, graphene, or combinations thereof.
- the size of the pores may be 1 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or less. However, it may be more preferable that the amorphous carbon material particles do not include pores. This is because when the amorphous carbon material particles include pores, lithium may be precipitated inside the pores, and the lithium may be deactivated, and the amount of lithium deactivated in this way may increase as charge and discharge are repeated.
- the pore size of the above amorphous carbon material particles can be measured, for example, through a nitrogen adsorption experiment or through a transmission electron microscope.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of Ag 2 S, MnS, and GeS, which are metal sulfides used in the present invention, has the characteristic of providing superior effects compared to TiS 2 , CoS, NiS, FeS, MoS 2 , CuS, Cu 2 S, WS 2 , etc. that have been used conventionally.
- the carbon material particles and metal sulfide particles may be included in a randomly mixed form.
- the carbon material particles may be used having a particle size (D50) of 10 nm to 150 nm, preferably 20 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 60 nm.
- D50 particle size
- the metal sulfide particles may be used having a particle size (D50) of 5 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to 80 nm, and more preferably 10 nm to 60 nm.
- the ratio of the carbon material particle size (D50) to the metal sulfide particle size (D50) may be 1:0.03 to 1.5, 1:0.1 to 0.7, or 1:0.2 to 0.7.
- the particle size ratio of the metal sulfide particles exceeds 1.5, the dispersibility in the electrode slurry is inhibited, the coatability is reduced, and the uniformity of the electrode is problematic.
- the particle size ratio of the metal sulfide particles is less than 0.03, the specific surface areas of the carbon material particles and the metal sulfide particles greatly increase, which greatly increases the usage amounts of the binder and solvent, which may cause problems such as a decrease in capacity and an increase in resistance, which is not preferable.
- the particle size can be measured using a particle size analyzer.
- a particle size analyzer For example, it can be measured using a Mastersizer 3000 (Malvem panalytical) device.
- the carbon material particles may be carbon material particles containing 3 to 10 at% of oxygen based on the total elements contained in the carbon material particles. If the oxygen is contained in an amount less than 3 at%, the surface roughness of the active material layer deteriorates, which is not preferable, and if it exceeds 10 at%, the performance of the battery deteriorates due to a side reaction with the solid electrolyte, which is not preferable.
- the lower limit of the oxygen content may be 3.5 at% or more, 4 at% or more, or 4.5 at% or more.
- the upper limit of the content may be 9.5 at% or less, 9 at% or less, 8 at% or less, 7.5 at% or less, 7 at% or less, 6.5 at% or less, 6 at% or less, or 5.5 at% or less.
- the oxygen content may be in a range formed by a combination of the lower limit value and the upper limit value. Specifically, the oxygen content may be more preferably 5 to 10 at%.
- the oxygen may be present in a form included in a functional group bonded to carbon material particles.
- the functional group may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, an ether group, an ester group, an aldehyde group, a carbonyl group, and an amide group.
- the carbon material particles containing 3 to 10 at% of oxygen can be produced, for example, by a method of oxidizing the carbon material. Specifically, the carbon material is treated with an acid and reacted while stirring at a temperature of 25 to 60° C., thereby introducing an oxygen functional group to the surface of the carbon material.
- the type of the acid is not particularly limited, and any acid that can introduce an oxygen functional group to the surface of the carbon material can be used. Examples of the acid include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or a mixture thereof, and an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganate can also be used.
- the carbon material containing the above oxygen can be manufactured and used directly or purchased and used.
- the content of oxygen and other elements contained in the above carbon material can be measured using a photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA). For example, it can be measured using a K-Alpha (Thermo Fisher Scientific) device.
- the oxygen may be present on the surface of the carbon material particles.
- the surface does not mean only the outer surface of the carbon material particles, and includes the surface of the pores if pores exist.
- the above active material layer may additionally contain 5 to 20 wt% of a conductive material.
- a conductive material the conductive material exemplified in the positive electrode below may be used.
- the negative active material layer is formed as a very thin film with a micro-thickness, but there was a problem that it was very difficult to form a conventional active material composite with a small particle size. That is, if the particle size of the active material composite is too large compared to the micro-thick film, it is difficult to form a negative active material layer with excellent surface roughness, and this decrease in surface roughness acts as a cause of deterioration in the operating characteristics of the battery.
- the carbon material-metal sulfide composite of the present invention forms a carbon material-metal sulfide composite having a significantly smaller particle size compared to a case where a conventional carbon material is used.
- the carbon material forming the composite contains 3 at% or more of oxygen, so that it is well mixed with the metal sulfide particles and has the characteristic of being uniformly distributed with the metal sulfide particles. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a carbon material-metal sulfide composite having excellent component uniformity. In addition, for the above reason, it is possible to manufacture a carbon material-metal sulfide composite having a small and uniform particle size.
- the carbon material-metal sulfide composite may be formed by at least one bond selected from a chemical bond between the carbon material particles and the metal sulfide particles, a van der Waals bond between the carbon material particles and the metal sulfide particles, and a bond between the carbon material particles and the metal sulfide particles by a binder.
- the chemical bond may be a bond between the metal sulfide particles and oxygen included in the carbon material.
- the carbon material-metal sulfide composite may include 60 to 80 wt% of carbon material, 10 to 30 wt% of metal sulfide, and 3 to 20 wt% of binder based on the total weight.
- the above binder can be used by dissolving it in a solvent together with carbon material particles and metal sulfide particles during wet manufacturing of a carbon material-metal sulfide composite, in which case the binder can be included in the carbon material-metal sulfide composite.
- the particle size (D50) of the carbon material-metal sulfide composite may be 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the particle size may be 0.4 ⁇ m or 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the maximum particle size of the carbon material-metal sulfide composite may be 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, 1.5 ⁇ m or less, or 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the carbon material-metal sulfide composite is too large compared to the micro-thick film, it is difficult to form a negative active material layer with excellent surface roughness, and thus the operating characteristics of the battery deteriorate. Therefore, it is very important to manufacture the carbon material-metal sulfide composite with a small particle size.
- the reason why the operating characteristics of the above battery are deteriorated is that when the surface roughness of the negative electrode active material layer is large, sufficient contact with the electrolyte layer is not made in the direction of the electrolyte, and it does not help in the uniform deposition of lithium in the direction of the negative electrode current collector.
- the maximum particle size of the above carbon material-metal sulfide composite is 3 ⁇ m or less, the effect of improving surface roughness can be more reliably obtained, which is preferable. On the other hand, when it exceeds 3 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to obtain excellent surface roughness when forming a thin film.
- a lithium ion secondary battery including the above negative electrode; the positive electrode; and an electrolyte disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- the above lithium ion secondary battery provides improved driving characteristics and life characteristics by including the negative electrode active material layer of the present invention.
- the solid electrolyte may be a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the secondary battery may include a metal sulfide in which the sulfur content is increased by reacting sulfur included in a sulfide-based solid electrolyte with a metal sulfide included in the negative electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the positive electrode (10) includes a positive electrode current collector (12) and a positive electrode active material layer (14) arranged in sequence toward the negative electrode (20).
- the positive electrode collector (12) may be plate-shaped or foil-shaped.
- the positive electrode collector (12) may be, for example, one type of metal or an alloy of two or more types of metals selected from indium, copper, magnesium, stainless steel, titanium, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, aluminum, germanium, and lithium.
- the above cathode active material may be a compound capable of lithium insertion/de-insertion.
- the compound capable of lithium insertion/de-insertion include Li a A 1-b B' b D' 2 (wherein the above formula, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, and 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5); Li a E 1 - b B' b O 2-c D' c (wherein the above formula, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05); LiE 2-b B' b O 4-c D' c (wherein the above formula, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05); Li a Ni 1-bc Co b B' c D' ⁇ (wherein the above formula, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05, 0 ⁇ 2); Li a Ni 1-bc Co b B' c O 2- ⁇ F' ⁇ (in the above formula, 0.90 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.8, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05
- the cathode active material layer (14) includes a lithium salt of the ternary transition metal oxide having such a layered rock salt structure as a cathode active material, thereby improving the energy density and thermal stability of the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100).
- the shape of the positive electrode active material examples thereof include particle shapes such as spherical, elliptical, and spherical.
- the particle size of the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, and may be within a range applicable to positive electrode active materials of a typical all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode active material layer (14) is not particularly limited, and may be within a range applicable to positive electrodes of a typical all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary battery.
- the coating layer may include a coating element compound of an oxide, a hydroxide, an oxyhydroxide of the coating element, an oxycarbonate of the coating element, or a hydroxycarbonate of the coating element of the coating element.
- the compounds forming these coating layers may be amorphous or crystalline.
- the coating elements included in the coating layer may include Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr, or mixtures thereof.
- the above coating layer includes Li 2 O-ZrO 2 , etc.
- the solid electrolyte included in the cathode active material layer (14) may be the same as or different from the solid electrolyte included in the solid electrolyte layer (30) described later.
- the cathode active material layer (14) may be a material that appropriately mixes additives such as a conductive material, a binder, a filler, a dispersant, or an ion conductive auxiliary agent, in addition to the cathode active material and solid electrolyte described above.
- conductive material for example, graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, or metal powder
- binder for example, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyethylene
- filler, dispersant, or ion conductive auxiliary agent a known material typically used in an electrode of an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
- the negative electrode (20) may include a negative electrode current collector (22) and a negative electrode active material layer (24) arranged sequentially toward the positive electrode (10).
- the negative electrode current collector (22) may be plate-shaped or foil-shaped.
- the negative electrode current collector (22) may include a material that does not react with lithium, that is, does not form any alloy or compound with lithium. Examples of materials constituting the negative electrode current collector (22) include copper, stainless steel, titanium, iron, cobalt, and nickel.
- the negative electrode current collector (22) may be composed of one of these metals, or may be composed of an alloy of two or more metals or a clad material.
- the negative electrode active material layer (24) may be appropriately mixed with additives used in conventional all-solid-state lithium ion secondary batteries, such as fillers, dispersants, and conductive agents.
- additives used in conventional all-solid-state lithium ion secondary batteries such as fillers, dispersants, and conductive agents.
- Specific examples of the additives are the same as those described for the positive electrode described above.
- the overall thickness of the negative active material layer (24) is not particularly limited, but may be 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, or 10 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the negative active material layer (24) is less than 1 ⁇ m, the performance of the all-solid-state secondary battery may not be sufficiently improved. If the thickness of the negative active material layer (24) exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the resistance of the negative active material layer (24) is high, and as a result, the performance of the all-solid-state secondary battery may not be sufficiently improved. If the binder described above is used, the thickness of the negative active material layer (24) can be easily secured at an appropriate level.
- a film including a material capable of forming an alloy or compound with lithium may be further included on the negative electrode current collector (22), and the film may be placed between the negative electrode current collector (22) and the negative electrode active material layer.
- the above negative electrode current collector (22) does not react with lithium metal, but can make it difficult to deposit a smooth lithium metal layer on top.
- the above film can also be used as a wetting layer that allows lithium metal to be deposited evenly on top of the negative electrode current collector (22).
- the material capable of forming an alloy with lithium metal used in the film may include silicon, magnesium, aluminum, lead, silver, tin, or a combination thereof.
- the material capable of forming a compound with lithium metal used in the film may include carbon, titanium sulfide, iron sulfide, or a combination thereof.
- the content of the material used in the film may be a small amount within a range that does not affect the electrochemical properties of the electrode or/and the redox potential of the electrode.
- the film may be applied flatly on the negative electrode current collector (22) to prevent cracking during the charge cycle of the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100).
- the film may be applied using a method such as physical deposition such as evaporation or sputtering, chemical deposition, or a plating method.
- the thickness of the film may be from 1 nm to 500 nm.
- the thickness of the film may be, for example, from 2 nm to 400 nm.
- the thickness of the film may be, for example, from 3 nm to 300 nm.
- the thickness of the film may be, for example, from 4 nm to 200 nm.
- the thickness of the film may be, for example, from 5 nm to 100 nm.
- a solid electrolyte layer (30) is arranged between the positive electrode (10) and the negative electrode (20) (for example, between the positive electrode active material layer (14) and the negative electrode active material layer (24)).
- the solid electrolyte layer (30) includes a solid electrolyte capable of moving ions.
- the solid electrolyte layer (30) may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the above sulfide-based solid electrolyte may include a solid electrolyte represented by the following chemical formula 1:
- x, y, z, w are independently greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 6;
- M' is one or more of As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb, or Ta;
- A is one or more of F, Cl, Br, or I.
- one containing sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), and lithium (Li) as constituent elements among the above sulfide solid electrolyte materials can be used.
- one containing Li 2 SP 2 S 5 can be used.
- the solid electrolyte may be in an amorphous or crystalline state. In addition, it may be in a mixed amorphous and crystalline state.
- the solid electrolyte layer (30) may further include a binder.
- the binder material include resins such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, and polyacrylic acid.
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the binder material may be the same as or different from the material constituting the binder in the positive electrode active material layer (14) and the negative electrode active material layer (24).
- the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) of the present invention may be an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) including a positive electrode (10), a solid electrolyte layer (30), and an anode (20) in this order, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) can be obtained by manufacturing a positive electrode (10), a negative electrode (20), and a solid electrolyte layer (30), respectively, and then laminating each of the above layers.
- the positive electrode manufacturing process is explained as follows with an example. First, materials (positive electrode active material, binder, etc.) constituting the positive electrode active material layer (14) are added to a non-polar solvent to produce a slurry (or paste). Then, the obtained slurry is applied onto the prepared positive electrode current collector (12). This is dried to obtain a laminate. Then, the obtained laminate is pressurized using, for example, hydrostatic pressure to obtain a positive electrode (10). At this time, the pressurizing process is omitted.
- the negative electrode manufacturing process is explained as follows with an example. First, materials (carbon material particles, metal sulfide particles, binder, etc.) constituting the negative electrode active material layer (24) are added to a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent to prepare a slurry (paste may also be used). Then, the obtained slurry is applied onto the prepared negative electrode current collector (22) to form a negative electrode active material layer.
- materials carbon material particles, metal sulfide particles, binder, etc.
- additional layers can be laminated in the same manner as above.
- the laminate obtained by the above method is pressurized, for example, using hydrostatic pressure, to produce a negative electrode (20).
- the pressurizing process may be omitted.
- the method of applying the slurry to the negative electrode current collector (22) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include screen printing, metal mask printing, electrostatic painting, dip coating, spray coating, roll coating, doctor blade, and gravure coating.
- the negative electrode can be manufactured by preparing a slurry for forming each layer and sequentially stacking each layer according to the stacking order using the method described above.
- the solid electrolyte layer (30) can be manufactured using a solid electrolyte including, for example, a sulfide-based solid electrolyte material.
- the starting materials e.g., Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , etc.
- the starting materials are processed by a melting quenching method or a mechanical milling method to obtain a sulfide-based solid electrolyte material.
- the melting quenching method the starting materials are mixed in a predetermined amount, made into pellets, reacted in a vacuum at a predetermined reaction temperature, and then quenched to produce a sulfide-based solid electrolyte material.
- the reaction temperature of the mixture of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 can be 400°C to 1000°C, for example, 800°C to 900°C.
- the reaction time can be 0.1 hour to 12 hours, for example, 1 hour to 12 hours.
- a sulfide-based solid electrolyte material when using a mechanical milling method, can be manufactured by stirring and reacting the starting raw materials using a ball mill, etc.
- the stirring speed and stirring time of the mechanical milling method are not particularly limited, but the faster the stirring speed, the faster the production speed of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte material can be, and the longer the stirring time, the higher the conversion rate of the raw materials into the sulfide-based solid electrolyte material can be.
- the obtained mixed raw material (sulfide-based solid electrolyte material) is heat-treated at a predetermined temperature and then pulverized to produce a particle-shaped solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte may change from amorphous to crystalline through heat treatment.
- the solid electrolyte obtained by the above method can be formed into a film using a known film forming method such as an aerosol position method, a cold spray method, a sputtering method, etc., to manufacture a solid electrolyte layer (30).
- the solid electrolyte layer (30) can be manufactured by pressurizing solid electrolyte particles.
- the solid electrolyte layer (30) can be manufactured by mixing a solid electrolyte, a solvent, and a binder, applying, drying, and pressurizing.
- the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) of the present invention does not require application of high external pressure using an end plate or the like, and can provide improved discharge capacity even when the external pressure applied to the positive electrode (10), negative electrode (20), and solid electrolyte layer (30) during use is 1 MPa or less.
- lithium may be absorbed into the negative electrode active material layer (24). If charging is performed exceeding the charge capacity of the negative electrode active material layer (24), as shown in FIG. 2, lithium may be precipitated on the back of the negative electrode active material layer (24), that is, between the negative electrode current collector (22) and the negative electrode active material layer (24), and a metal layer (26) that did not exist during manufacturing may be formed by this lithium. During discharge, lithium in the negative electrode active material layer (24) and the metal layer (26) may be ionized and move toward the positive electrode (10). Therefore, lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material in the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) of the present invention.
- the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) of the present invention may be manufactured as a unit cell having a structure of positive electrode/separator/negative electrode, a bicell having a structure of positive electrode/separator/negative electrode/separator/positive electrode, or a laminated battery having a structure of repeating unit cells.
- the shape of the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include coin-shaped, button-shaped, sheet-shaped, stacked, cylindrical, flat, and horn-shaped batteries. It can also be applied to large-sized batteries used in electric vehicles, etc.
- the all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery (100) can also be used in hybrid vehicles such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). It can also be used in fields requiring a large amount of power storage. For example, it can be used in electric bicycles or power tools.
- Example 1 a negative active material slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that GeS 2g having a particle size of 10 nm to 60 nm was used instead of Ag 2 S 2g.
- Example 1 a slurry of a negative active material of Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Ag 2g having a particle size (D50) of 40 nm to 100 nm was used instead of Ag 2 S 2g.
- Ag 2g having a particle size (D50) of 40 nm to 100 nm was used instead of Ag 2 S 2g.
- the pouch-type monocell was charged at a rate (C-rate) of 0.1C until the voltage reached 4.25 V (vs. Li), and then cut-off at a rate of 0.05C while maintaining 4.25 V (vs. Li). Subsequently, it was discharged at a rate (C-rate) of 0.1C until the voltage reached 3.0 V (vs. Li) (1st cycle). The initial efficiency was calculated as discharge capacity/charge capacity X 100 (%).
- the pouch-type monocell was operated at an operating voltage range of 4.25 V to 3.0 V and an operating temperature of 60°C to evaluate the cycle characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
| 카본블랙 시료 1 | 카본블랙 시료 2 | 카본블랙 시료 3 | ||||
| 성분 | 평균(at%) | 편차 | 평균(at%) | 편차 | 평균(at%) | 편차 |
| O | 5.2 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 |
| C | 94.5 | 0.1 | 97.2 | 0.2 | 98.3 | 0.2 |
| S | 0.3 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 0.03 | 0.4 | 0.04 |
| 전지 | 활물질 소재 | 초기효율 (%) |
방전용량(%) | Capacity retention@ 20 cycle (%) | |||
| 0.1 C | 0.33 C | 0.5 C | 1.0 C | ||||
| 실시예 7 | 실시예 1 제조 활물질 | 87.8 | 100 | 98.8 | 97.5 | 93.8 | 97.21 |
| 실시예 8 | 실시예 2 제조 활물질 | 86.3 | 100 | 98.3 | 96.0 | 90.6 | 95.12 |
| 비교예 3 | 비교예 1 제조 활물질 | 86 | 100 | 95.73 | 92.21 | 82.75 | 93.20 |
Claims (12)
- 집전체 및 활물질층을 포함하며,상기 활물질층은 탄소재 입자 및 금속황화물 입자를 포함하며,상기 금속황화물은 Ag2S, MnS, 및 GeS로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속황화물 입자는 탄소재 입자 및 금속황화물 입자의 합산 중량 100 중량부를 기준으로 10 내지 50 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소재 입경(D50)과 금속황화물 입경(D50)의 비가 1 : 0.03~1.5인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극은 전지에 조립되기 전부터 금속황화물 입자를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소재 입자는 비정질 탄소재 입자인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 활물질층은 탄소재 입자 60 내지 80 중량%, 금속황화물 입자 10 내지 30 중량%, 및 바인더 3 내지 20 중량%를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소재 입자는 3 내지 10 at%의 산소를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 산소는 탄소재 입자에 결합된 관능기에 포함된 형태로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 음극.
- 제1항의 음극; 양극; 및 상기 음극과 양극 사이에 게재된 전해질을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 전해질은 황화물계 고체전해질을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 이차전지는 황화물계 고체전해질에 포함된 황과 상기 음극에 포함된 금속황화물이 반응하여, 황의 함량이 증가된 상태의 금속황화물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 이차전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 리튬이온 이차전지는 애노드리스 전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 이차전지.
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| JP2025544744A JP2026503750A (ja) | 2023-09-06 | 2024-09-06 | 負極及び前記負極を含むリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| KR1020240120636A KR20250036700A (ko) | 2023-09-06 | 2024-09-05 | 음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 리튬이온 이차전지 |
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