WO2025075341A1 - 배터리 진단 방법 및 배터리 진단 장치 - Google Patents
배터리 진단 방법 및 배터리 진단 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025075341A1 WO2025075341A1 PCT/KR2024/014535 KR2024014535W WO2025075341A1 WO 2025075341 A1 WO2025075341 A1 WO 2025075341A1 KR 2024014535 W KR2024014535 W KR 2024014535W WO 2025075341 A1 WO2025075341 A1 WO 2025075341A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the above electrical stimulation may be a charging current having a predetermined current rate.
- the above electrical stimulation may be a discharge current having a predetermined current rate.
- the above state history data may include voltage values representing voltages of the battery cells measured at least once during each of the pause periods of the electrical stimulation applied within the state change period.
- the intermittent application procedure may include a procedure of removing the electrical stimulation to the battery cell such that a rest period is applied to the battery cell whenever the current integration of the battery cell changes by a threshold integration value during the application of the electrical stimulation.
- the above first diagnostic information may include at least one of a cathode engagement start point, a cathode engagement end point, a cathode scale factor, and a cathode loading amount, which represent charge/discharge performance of the cathode of the battery cell, as the diagnostic factor.
- FIGS. 7 to 9 are drawings for reference in explaining another example of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile used for comparison with a measured full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for reference in schematically explaining a battery diagnosis method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart for reference in schematically explaining a battery diagnosis method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a drawing for reference in explaining the correction procedure of voltage history data performed in step S1122 of FIG. 11.
- the system controller (2) (e.g., ECU: Electronic Control Unit) is configured to transmit a key-on signal to the battery management system (100) in response to a start button (not shown) provided in the battery system (1) being turned to the ON position by a user.
- the system controller (2) is configured to transmit a key-off signal to the battery management system (100) in response to a start button being turned to the OFF position by a user.
- the charging station (300) can communicate with the system controller (2) and supply charging power selected from among constant power, constant current, and constant voltage through the charge/discharge terminals (P+, P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the battery management system (100) includes a sensing unit (110) and a control circuit (130).
- the battery management system (100) may further include a communication circuit (150).
- the charging station (300) may include a stimulus application device (301) and a battery diagnosis device (302) as shown in FIG. 1.
- the battery diagnosis device (302) may be implemented to operate independently of the charging station (300).
- the battery diagnosis device (302) may be provided in a form included in a cloud server (not shown).
- the cloud server may be located remotely from the charging station (300).
- the data acquisition unit (310) of the battery diagnosis device (302) may perform diagnostic procedures on the battery cell (BC) through remote communication with the stimulus application device (301) and/or the battery system (1).
- the battery cell (BC) to be diagnosed may be simply referred to as a 'target cell'.
- the battery diagnostic device (302) may be included in the battery pack (10) as a replacement device for the battery management system (100), and the battery management system (100) may be omitted from the battery pack (10).
- the processor (320) may be responsible for all functions of the control circuit (130) of the battery management system (100)
- the data acquisition unit (310) may be responsible for all functions of the communication circuit (150) of the battery management system (100).
- the data acquisition unit (310) may be implemented to include the sensing unit (110).
- a second charge protocol or a second discharge protocol can be utilized to obtain the open-loop voltages of each of the positive and negative electrodes of the reference cell.
- the second charge protocol can be an intermittent charge mode in which constant current charging using a second current rate (e.g., 3.0 C) and pause are alternately performed.
- the second discharge protocol can be an intermittent charge mode in which constant current discharging using a second current rate and pause are alternately performed.
- the memory unit (330) may have information in advance indicating voltages of each of a reference positive participation start point (pi0), a reference positive participation end point (pf0), a reference negative participation start point (ni0), and a reference negative participation end point (nf0).
- the reference positive participation start point (pi0) and the reference positive participation end point (pf0) are a positive participation start point and a positive participation end point on a reference positive profile (Rp), respectively.
- the reference negative participation start point (ni0) and the reference negative participation end point (nf0) are a negative participation start point and a negative participation end point on a reference negative profile (Rn), respectively.
- the voltage difference between the reference positive engagement start point (pi0) and the reference negative engagement start point (ni0) can be equal to a first set voltage (e.g., 3.0 V).
- the voltage difference between the reference positive engagement end point (pf0) and the reference negative engagement end point (nf0) can be equal to a second set voltage (e.g., 4.0 V).
- the graph illustrated in Fig. 3a shows an example of a change in full-cell voltage over time of a target cell due to intermittent application of an electrical stimulus (e.g., the second electrical stimulus described above).
- the target cell is a battery cell that is to be diagnosed by a battery diagnostic device.
- the target cell may be a new battery cell that requires verification as to whether it is a good product or a battery cell that has deteriorated after being verified as a good product and is no longer a new product.
- the symbol BC will also be assigned to the target cell.
- the intermittent application method of the second electrical stimulus is advantageous in shortening the acquisition time of the full-cell profile.
- the processor (320) can generate a measurement full-cell profile (M) that represents a correspondence between the capacity of the target cell (BC) and the full-cell voltage (which may also be referred to as a 'full-cell voltage').
- M a measurement full-cell profile
- the measurement full-cell profile may also be referred to as a Q-V profile or a Q-OCV profile.
- the processor (320) may be configured to compare the measurement full-cell profile (M) with at least one comparison full-cell profile.
- the comparison full-cell profile may be a result of generating an adjusted anode profile and an adjusted cathode profile by adjusting each of the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) stored in the memory unit (330), and then synthesizing (combining) the adjusted anode profile and the adjusted cathode profile.
- the comparison full-cell profile can be a result of subtracting a portion of the adjusted cathode profile from a portion of the adjusted anode profile.
- the processor (320) can generate at least one comparison full-cell profile by directly adjusting the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn).
- the at least one comparison full-cell profile can be secured in advance based on the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) and stored in the memory unit (330).
- the processor (320) can also obtain the comparison full-cell profile by accessing the memory unit (330) and reading it.
- the processor (320) can specify one of the plurality of comparison full-cell profiles, which has a minimum error with respect to the measured full-cell profile (M). Then, the processor (320) can determine that the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile mapped to the specified comparison full-cell profile are the positive profile and the negative profile of the target cell (BC).
- the processor (320) determines an anode participation start point (pi), an anode participation end point (pf), a cathode participation start point (ni), and a cathode participation end point (nf) on a reference anode profile (Rp) and a reference cathode profile (Rp).
- the processor (320) may divide the positive voltage range from the starting point to the ending point (or the second set voltage) of the reference positive profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then determine the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as positive engagement start points (pi). Each micro-voltage section may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01 V). Then, the processor (320) may determine a point on the reference negative profile (Rn) that is smaller by the first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) than the positive engagement start point (pi) as the negative engagement start point (ni).
- the first set voltage e.g., 3 V
- the processor (320) can calculate the error (profile error) between the comparison full-cell profile (S) and the measured full-cell profile (M).
- the anode scale factor can represent a ratio of the capacity difference between the two ends of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') to the capacity difference between the two ends of the reference anode profile (Rp).
- the anode scale factor can represent a ratio of the capacity difference between the two points (pi', pf'') to the capacity difference between the two points (pi0, pf0).
- the anode scale factor can represent a ratio of the anode capacity difference between the two points (pi', pf'') to the anode capacity difference between the two points (pi0, pf0).
- the anode scale factor can represent a ratio of the anode SOC difference between the two points (pi', pf'') to the anode SOC difference between the two points (pi0, pf0).
- the cathode scale factor can represent a ratio of the capacity difference between the two ends of the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') to the capacity difference between the two ends of the reference cathode profile (Rn).
- the cathode scale factor can represent a ratio of the capacity difference between two points (ni, nf') to the capacity difference between two points (ni0, nf0).
- the cathode scale factor can represent a ratio of the cathode capacity difference between two points (ni, nf') to the cathode capacity difference between two points (ni0, nf0).
- the cathode scale factor can represent a ratio of the cathode SOC difference between two points (ni, nf') to the cathode SOC difference between two points (ni0, nf0).
- the number of boundary points that can be set as anode participation start point (pi) can be 100.
- the voltage range that is equal to or greater than the second set voltage in the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into 40 micro voltage ranges, the number of boundary points that can be set as anode participation end point (pf) can be 40. In this case, up to 4000 different comparison full-cell profiles can be generated.
- the processor (320) can identify a minimum among the profile errors of the plurality of comparison full-cell profiles generated as described above, and then obtain information mapped to the minimum profile error (e.g., at least one of a positive participation start point, a positive participation end point, a negative participation start point, a negative participation end point, a positive scale factor, and a negative scale factor) from the memory unit (330).
- information mapped to the minimum profile error e.g., at least one of a positive participation start point, a positive participation end point, a negative participation start point, a negative participation end point, a positive scale factor, and a negative scale factor
- FIGS. 7 to 9 are drawings for reference in explaining another example of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile used for comparison with a measured full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiments according to FIGS. 7 to 9 are independent from the embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 6. Therefore, terms or symbols commonly described in describing the embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 6 and the embodiments according to FIGS. 7 to 9 should be understood as being limited to each embodiment.
- the generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile to be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 is performed in the order of a fourth routine (see FIG. 7) for performing capacity scaling, a fifth routine (see FIG. 8) for setting four points (positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point), and a sixth routine (see FIG. 9) for performing profile shift. That is, the generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the fourth to sixth routines.
- the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in Fig. 7 illustrate the results of applying anode scale factors and cathode scale factors of less than 100% to the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively.
- the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') is the reference positive profile (Rp) shrunk along the horizontal axis
- the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') is also the reference negative profile (Rp) shrunk along the horizontal axis.
- the starting points of the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rp) are fixed, and only the remaining portion is shrunk to the left along the horizontal axis, as an example.
- Either the positive participation initiation point (pi') or the negative participation initiation point (ni') may depend on the other.
- either the positive participation end point (pf') or the negative participation end point (nf') may depend on the other.
- either the positive participation initiation point (pi') or the positive participation end point (pf') may be set based on the other.
- the processor (320) may divide the positive voltage range from the starting point to the ending point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive voltage profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then determine a boundary point between two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a positive participation start point (pi'). Then, the processor (320) may determine a point on the adjusted reference negative voltage profile (Rn) that is smaller by the first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) than the positive participation start point (pi') as a negative participation start point (ni').
- the first set voltage e.g., 3 V
- the processor (320) may determine a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is smaller by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni').
- the processor (320) may determine a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is smaller by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the processor (320) can shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') to the left or right along the horizontal axis so that the capacity values of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni') match or so that the capacity values of the positive participation start point (pf') and the negative participation start point (nf') match.
- the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn'') illustrated in Fig. 9 is only the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in Fig. 8 shifted to the right. Accordingly, the capacity values of the positive participation start point (pi') and the negative participation start point (ni'') coincide with each other on the horizontal axis.
- the processor (320) can calculate the error (profile error) between the comparison full-cell profile (U) and the measured full-cell profile (M).
- the processor (320) can generate a corresponding comparison full-cell profile for each pair of positive scale factors and negative scale factors selected from the scaling value range. Since there are multiple pairs of positive scale factors and negative scale factors, it is obvious that a plurality of comparison full-cell profiles will also be generated.
- the processor (320) can identify a minimum among the profile errors of the multiple comparison full-cell profiles, and then obtain information mapped to the minimum profile error from the memory unit (330).
- the processor (320) can determine at least one degradation parameter (e.g., cathode loading) based on information mapped to the minimum profile error.
- Table 1 summarizes the degradation parameters and formulas that can be used to determine each degradation parameter.
- Each of the variables listed in Table 1 is a diagnostic factor that can be determined by the aforementioned analysis process.
- the definitions of the deterioration parameters and variables in Table 1 can be as follows.
- P loading_MOL Anode loading amount of the target cell (BC)
- pi BOL Anode capacity at the start of anode participation when the target cell (BC) was in the BOL state (anode SOC)
- pf MOL Anode capacity (anode SOC) at the current anode participation end point of the target cell (BC) (e.g., pf'' shown in Fig. 6)
- ni BOL Negative capacity at the start of negative engagement when the target cell (BC) was in the BOL state (negative SOC)
- nf BOL Negative capacity at the negative end of the engagement when the target cell (BC) was in the BOL state (negative SOC)
- ns MOL Current cathode scale factor of the target cell (BC)
- the processor (320) can determine whether an available lithium loss of the target cell (BC) occurs due to a loss of at least one of the available lithium amount and the total positive electrode capacity, based on the estimation result of the positive electrode participation start point of the target cell (BC).
- Reducing a range means at least one of increasing the lower limit of the range and lowering the upper limit of the range. For example, let's say that the allowable voltage range and the allowable SOC range are 2.5 to 4.5 V and 5 to 95%, respectively. If the anode capacity at the initiation point of bipolar participation is estimated to be 110% of the value when it was in the BOL state, the allowable voltage range can be reduced to 2.75 to 4.05 V, and the allowable SOC range can be reduced to 5.5 to 85.5%.
- the processor (320) may limit at least one of an allowable voltage range and an allowable SOC range for the target cell (BC) based on the estimated positive scale factor of the target cell (BC).
- Relationship data indicating a predetermined positive correlation between a BOL state of the positive scale factor (e.g., a reduction amount) and a limit level may be stored in advance in the memory unit (330). That is, according to the relationship data, a decrease in the positive scale factor may cause a reduction in at least one of the allowable voltage range and the allowable SOC range. For example, let's say that the allowable voltage range and the allowable SOC range are 2.5 to 4.5 V and 5 to 95%, respectively.
- the processor (320) may limit at least one of an allowable voltage range and an allowable SOC range for the target cell (BC) based on the negative participation initiation point of the target cell (BC).
- Relationship data indicating a predetermined positive correlation between the amount of change (e.g., reduction amount) of the negative capacity (or negative SOC) of the negative participation initiation point from a new state and the limiting level may be stored in advance in the memory unit (330). That is, according to the relationship data, a decrease or increase in the capacity value (negative capacity, or negative SOC) of the negative participation initiation point may cause a reduction in at least one of the allowable voltage range and the allowable SOC range.
- the allowable voltage range and the allowable SOC range are 2.5 to 4.5 V and 5 to 95%, respectively. If the cathode capacity at the current cathode participation initiation point is estimated to be 90% of the value when it was in the BOL state, the allowable voltage range can be reduced to 2.75 to 4.05 V, and the allowable SOC range can be reduced to 5.5 to 85.5%.
- the processor (320) can diagnose that a capacity loss has occurred in the negative electrode of the target cell (BC) in response to a decrease in the negative electrode capacity (or negative electrode SOC) of the negative electrode participation end point from a value in a new state.
- the processor (320) can limit at least one of an allowable voltage range and an allowable SOC range for the target cell (BC) based on the estimated negative electrode participation end point for the target cell (BC). Relationship data representing a predetermined positive correlation between an amount of change (e.g., a decrease amount) in the negative electrode capacity (or negative electrode SOC) of the negative electrode participation end point from a new state and a limiting level can be stored in advance in the memory unit (330).
- the allowable voltage range can be reduced to 2.75 to 4.05 V, and the allowable SOC range can be reduced to 5.5 to 85.5%.
- the processor (320) can limit at least one of the allowable voltage range and the allowable SOC range for the target cell (BC) based on the estimated cathode loading amount of the target cell (BC). Relationship data representing a predetermined positive correlation between the decrease in the cathode loading amount from the BOL state and the limitation level can be stored in advance in the memory unit (330).
- the intermittent application procedure of the electrical stimulation may be a procedure in which the application period and the rest period of the electrical stimulation are repeated. That is, the intermittent application procedure includes at least two application procedures and at least two rest procedures.
- the electrical stimulation to the target cell (BC) may be removed (output interrupted) to provide a rest period.
- the duration of the rest period by each rest procedure reaches a reference time, the application procedure of the electrical stimulation may be resumed.
- the voltage history data may include voltage values representing the full-cell voltage of the target cell (BC) measured at least once during each of the pause periods of the electrical stimulation applied during the state change period. That is, the voltage history data may represent a history of changes in the full-cell voltage of the target cell (BC) over the state change period.
- the voltage history data may include a measurement value of the full-cell voltage of the target cell (BC) at the end of each pause period (see D OCV of FIG. 3A).
- the data acquisition unit (310) may collect the state history data generated by the battery system (1) from the battery system (1) after the end of the state change period.
- step S1030 the processor (320) generates a measured full-cell profile (see symbol M in FIG. 3b) indicating a correspondence between the capacity of the target cell (BC) and the full-cell voltage based on the state history data.
- step S1040 the processor (320) analyzes the measured full-cell profile to generate first diagnostic information including at least one diagnostic factor related to the charge/discharge performance of the target cell (BC).
- the first diagnostic information may include at least one of a positive electrode engagement start point, a positive electrode engagement end point, a positive electrode scale factor, and a positive electrode loading amount as a diagnostic factor, which indicate the charge/discharge performance of the positive electrode of the target cell (BC).
- the positive electrode loading amount indicates the amount of positive electrode active material per unit area of the positive electrode.
- the first diagnostic information may include at least one of a negative electrode participation start point, a negative electrode participation end point, a negative electrode scale factor, and a negative electrode loading amount as a diagnostic factor, which indicate the charge/discharge performance of the negative electrode of the target cell (BC).
- the negative electrode loading amount indicates the amount of negative electrode active material per unit area of the negative electrode.
- the second diagnostic information may include whether anode capacity loss of the target cell (BC) has occurred and/or anode loss rate, determined based on the anode participation end point, anode scale factor and/or anode loading amount of the first diagnostic information.
- the processor (320) may determine updated charge/discharge allowance condition information by limiting (e.g., downwardly adjusting) at least one of a voltage range, a SOC range, and a current range for a target cell (BC) of the previous charge/discharge allowance condition information based on at least one degradation parameter (e.g., a cathode loading amount) of the first diagnostic information.
- limiting e.g., downwardly adjusting
- the processor (320) can transmit the diagnosis result of the target cell (BC) to the battery system (1) using the data acquisition unit (310).
- the diagnosis result includes at least one of the first diagnosis information, the second diagnosis information, and the updated charge/discharge allowance condition information.
- steps S1050, S1060 and S1070 can be omitted from the method according to FIG. 10.
- step S1110 the processor (320) executes a procedure for intermittently applying electrical stimulation to the target cell (BC).
- step S1120 the processor (320) acquires state history data corresponding to the state change period using the data acquisition unit (310).
- the voltage history data of the state history data acquired in step S1120 includes measurements of the full cell voltage measured three or more times for each idle period within the state change period.
- step S1140 the processor (320) analyzes the measured full cell profile to generate first diagnostic information including at least one diagnostic factor related to the charge/discharge performance of the target cell (BC).
- step S1150 the processor (320) applies at least one mathematical operation to the first diagnostic information to generate second diagnostic information of the target cell (BC).
- step S1160 the processor (320) updates charge/discharge allowable condition information indicating at least one of a voltage range, SOC range, and current range allowed for the target cell (BC) based on at least one of the first diagnostic information and the second diagnostic information.
- step S1170 the processor (320) can transmit the diagnosis result of the target cell (BC) to the battery system (1) through the data acquisition unit (310).
- the full-cell voltage of the target cell (BC) gradually converges toward the OCV corresponding to the SOC of the target cell (BC).
- the behavior of the full-cell voltage of the target cell (BC) at a specific rest period can be equivalent to the voltage response of the first RC circuit as shown in Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 t is the elapsed time from the start of a specific pause, V full (t) is the full-cell voltage at t, V OCV is the actual OCV, V S is the full-cell voltage at the start of a specific pause, and ⁇ is a time constant determined by the internal resistance and capacitance of the target cell (BC).
- the processor (320) can convert the voltage history data acquired in step S1120 into corrected voltage history data for step S1130 by repeating the process of replacing three full-cell voltage measurements (V full (t 1 ), V full (t 2 ), V full (t 3 )) per idle period with a single OCV value (D OCV_C ) for all idle periods.
- the corrected voltage history data includes X OCV values.
- the processor (320) can apply curve fitting logic to the corrected voltage history data to generate a measured full-cell profile (M).
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 배터리 셀에 대한 전기 자극의 간헐적 인가 절차에 의해 상기 배터리 셀의 전기 상태가 제1 상태로부터 제2 상태에 도달할 때까지의 상태 변화 기간에 대응하는 상기 배터리 셀의 상태 이력 데이터를 획득하는 단계;상기 상태 이력 데이터를 기초로, 상기 배터리 셀의 용량과 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 측정 풀셀 프로파일을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 측정 풀셀 프로파일을 분석하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 충방전 성능에 연관된 적어도 하나의 진단 인자를 포함하는 제1 진단 정보를 생성하는 단계;를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전기 자극은,임계값 초과의 순시 전압 변화를 상기 배터리 셀에 유발하는 전류 자극인, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전기 자극은,상기 전기 자극이 소정 시간 동안 지속적으로 인가 시에 임계값 초과의 과전압을 상기 배터리 셀에 유발하는 전류 자극인, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전기 자극은,소정의 전류 레이트를 갖는 충전 전류인, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전기 자극은,소정의 전류 레이트를 갖는 방전 전류인, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 상태 이력 데이터는,상기 상태 변화 기간 내에서 부여된 상기 전기 자극의 휴지기들 각각에서 적어도 1회 이상 측정된 상기 배터리 셀의 전압을 나타내는 전압값들을 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 간헐적 인가 절차는,상기 전기 자극의 인가 중에 상기 배터리 셀의 전류 적산값이 임계 적산값만큼 변화 시마다, 상기 배터리 셀에 휴지기가 부여되도록 상기 배터리 셀에 대한 상기 전기 자극을 제거하는 절차를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 간헐적 인가 절차는,상기 휴지기의 지속 시간이 기준 시간에 도달 시마다, 상기 전기 자극의 인가를 재개하는 절차를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보는,상기 배터리 셀의 양극의 충방전 성능을 나타내는 양극 참여 개시점, 양극 참여 종료점, 양극 스케일 팩터 및 양극 로딩량 중 적어도 하나를 상기 진단 인자로서 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보에 수학적 연산을 적용하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 양극 또는 가용리튬에 관한 적어도 하나의 열화 파라미터를 포함하는 제2 진단 정보를 생성하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보는,상기 배터리 셀의 음극의 충방전 성능을 나타내는 음극 참여 개시점, 음극 참여 종료점, 음극 스케일 팩터 및 음극 로딩량 중 적어도 하나를 상기 진단 인자로서 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보에 수학적 연산을 적용하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 음극에 관한 적어도 하나의 열화 파라미터를 포함하는 제2 진단 정보를 생성하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제10항 또는 제12항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보 및 상기 제2 진단 정보 중 적어도 하나를 기초로, 상기 배터리 셀에 허용되는 전압 범위, SOC 범위 및 전류 범위 중 적어도 하나를 나타내는 충방전 허용 조건 정보를 갱신하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 배터리 셀에 대한 전기 자극의 간헐적 인가 절차에 의해 상기 배터리 셀의 전기 상태가 제1 상태로부터 제2 상태에 도달할 때까지의 상태 변화 기간에 대응하는 상기 배터리 셀의 상태 이력 데이터를 획득하도록 구성되는 데이터 획득부;상기 상태 이력 데이터를 기초로, 상기 배터리 셀의 용량과 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 측정 풀셀 프로파일을 생성하도록 구성되는 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는,상기 측정 풀셀 프로파일을 분석하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 충방전 성능에 연관된 적어도 하나의 진단 인자를 포함하는 제1 진단 정보를 생성하도록 구성되는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 간헐적 인가 절차는,상기 전기 자극의 인가 중에 상기 배터리 셀의 전류 적산값이 임계 적산값만큼 변화 시마다, 상기 배터리 셀에 휴지기가 부여되도록 상기 배터리 셀에 대한 상기 전기 자극을 제거하는 절차를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 간헐적 인가 절차는,상기 휴지기의 지속 시간이 기준 시간에 도달 시마다, 상기 전기 자극의 인가를 재개하는 절차를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보는,상기 배터리 셀의 양극의 충방전 성능을 나타내는 양극 참여 개시점, 양극 참여 종료점, 양극 스케일 팩터 및 양극 로딩량 중 적어도 하나를 상기 진단 인자로서 포함하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제1 진단 정보는,상기 배터리 셀의 음극의 충방전 성능을 나타내는 음극 참여 개시점, 음극 참여 종료점, 음극 스케일 팩터 및 음극 로딩량 중 적어도 하나를 상기 진단 인자로서 포함하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제14항 내지 제18항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 진단 장치를 포함하는 충전 스테이션.
- 제14항 내지 제18항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 진단 장치를 포함하는 클라우드 서버.
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| EP24874899.8A EP4641237A1 (en) | 2023-10-06 | 2024-09-25 | Battery diagnosis method and battery diagnosis apparatus |
| CN202480010476.5A CN120641776A (zh) | 2023-10-06 | 2024-09-25 | 电池诊断方法和电池诊断装置 |
| MX2025010162A MX2025010162A (es) | 2023-10-06 | 2025-08-27 | Metodo de diagnostico de baterias y aparato de diagnostico de baterias |
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| KR10-2023-0133644 | 2023-10-06 | ||
| KR10-2023-0154875 | 2023-11-09 | ||
| KR20230154875 | 2023-11-09 | ||
| KR10-2024-0057162 | 2024-04-29 | ||
| KR1020240057162A KR102834328B1 (ko) | 2023-11-09 | 2024-04-29 | 배터리 진단 방법 및 배터리 진단 장치 |
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| KR20240057162A (ko) | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | 주식회사 실리콘마이터스 | 전자담배의 에어로졸 형성 물품을 가열하기 위한 전자기 유도 가열 장치 및 그 구동방법 |
-
2024
- 2024-09-25 EP EP24874899.8A patent/EP4641237A1/en active Pending
- 2024-09-25 CN CN202480010476.5A patent/CN120641776A/zh active Pending
- 2024-09-25 WO PCT/KR2024/014535 patent/WO2025075341A1/ko active Pending
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2025
- 2025-08-27 MX MX2025010162A patent/MX2025010162A/es unknown
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| EP4641237A1 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
| MX2025010162A (es) | 2025-10-01 |
| CN120641776A (zh) | 2025-09-12 |
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