WO2025077655A1 - 一种太阳能电池的制作方法、太阳能电池和电池组件 - Google Patents
一种太阳能电池的制作方法、太阳能电池和电池组件 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025077655A1 WO2025077655A1 PCT/CN2024/122949 CN2024122949W WO2025077655A1 WO 2025077655 A1 WO2025077655 A1 WO 2025077655A1 CN 2024122949 W CN2024122949 W CN 2024122949W WO 2025077655 A1 WO2025077655 A1 WO 2025077655A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/219—Arrangements for electrodes of back-contact photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/146—Back-junction photovoltaic cells, e.g. having interdigitated base-emitter regions on the back side
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
- H10F71/1224—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials comprising microcrystalline silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/215—Geometries of grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
Definitions
- a solar cell is a semiconductor device that can convert light energy into electrical energy. Specifically, when a solar cell is exposed to light, the semiconductor substrate included in the solar cell absorbs photons and generates electron-hole pairs. The electron-hole pairs are separated under the action of the built-in electric field of the PN junction, and are respectively led out through the emitter and back field of the solar cell, and finally collected by the electrode structure arranged on the semiconductor substrate.
- the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for manufacturing a solar cell, a solar cell and a solar cell assembly, which are used to reduce or eliminate damage to a passivation layer, increase the open circuit voltage, and reduce the impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- a semiconductor substrate is provided.
- an emitter layer is formed on one side of the semiconductor substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate and the emitter layer have opposite conductivity types.
- a passivation layer is formed on the emitter layer.
- an insulating layer is formed on the passivation layer.
- a main gate is formed on the insulating layer. The main gate extends along a first direction and is spaced apart along a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
- a gate is formed on the insulating layer.
- the fine gates extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction. Each main gate intersects with a plurality of fine gates, and the fine gates pass through the passivation layer and the insulating layer and are connected to the emitter layer.
- the main gate extends toward the emitter layer, and the depth of the main gate extension does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer and exceeds 20% of the thickness of the insulating layer.
- the depth direction, the thickness direction of the passivation layer, and the thickness direction of the insulating layer are all consistent with the direction toward the semiconductor substrate.
- the depth of the main grid extension does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer and exceeds 20% of the thickness of the insulating layer.
- the extended part of the main grid i.e., part of the main grid
- the main grid may be located only in the insulating layer; or it may be located in both the insulating layer and the passivation layer, but not more than 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer.
- the extended part of the main grid is located in both the insulating layer and the passivation layer, but does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer, compared with the prior art where the main grid passes through the passivation layer and is connected to the silicon substrate, the degree of damage to the passivation layer by the main grid is reduced, thereby ensuring the passivation effect of the passivation layer. Based on this, the open circuit voltage can be increased, thereby reducing the impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the above-mentioned main grid is connected to the insulating layer and the passivation layer at the same time, at which time the mechanical properties of the main grid can be guaranteed and the tensile properties of the main grid can be improved. Based on this, the probability of the main grid detaching from the solar cell can be reduced or eliminated to ensure the quality and performance of the solar cell.
- the main gate extends into the passivation layer to a depth of zero.
- the main grid can be prevented from damaging the passivation layer, so as to ensure the passivation effect of the passivation layer. Based on this, the open circuit voltage can be increased and the influence on the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be avoided.
- the thickness of the passivation layer is greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm.
- the depth is greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 18 nm.
- the thickness of the insulating layer is greater than or equal to 40 nanometers and less than or equal to 100 nanometers.
- the busbar includes: a busbar connection line and a pad.
- a plurality of pads are spaced from the busbar connection line along a first direction, the pads are wider than the busbar connection line, and the widths of the pads and the busbar connection line are consistent with the second direction.
- the number of the main grids is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to 25. And/or the width of the main grid connection line is greater than or equal to 35 micrometers and less than or equal to 60 micrometers. The width of the pad is greater than or equal to 0.6 millimeters and less than or equal to 1.3 millimeters.
- the shielding area of the main grid to the semiconductor substrate can be controlled by controlling the number of main grids, the width of the main grid connection line and the width of the pad. At this time, the amount of light injected into the semiconductor substrate can be increased, and the light receiving area of the semiconductor substrate can be increased to improve the cell efficiency of the solar cell.
- the number of the fine grids is greater than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 200.
- the width of the fine grid is greater than or equal to 20 micrometers and less than or equal to 45 micrometers. One direction consistent.
- the current collection capability of the fine grid can be improved, so as to improve the cell efficiency of the solar cell.
- the size of the fine grid finally formed extending in the second direction not only the adverse effect on the insulating layer and/or the passivation layer can be reduced, but also the adverse effect on the anti-reflection effect and/or the passivation effect of the solar cell can be reduced.
- the shielding of the semiconductor substrate by the fine grid can be reduced, the light receiving area of the semiconductor substrate can be increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.
- the depth of the main grid extension does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer and exceeds 20% of the thickness of the insulating layer.
- the extended part of the main grid i.e., part of the main grid
- the main grid may be located only in the insulating layer; or it may be located in both the insulating layer and the passivation layer, but not more than 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer.
- the extended part of the main grid is located in both the insulating layer and the passivation layer, but does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer, compared with the prior art where the main grid passes through the passivation layer and is connected to the silicon substrate, the degree of damage to the passivation layer by the main grid is reduced, thereby ensuring the passivation effect of the passivation layer. Based on this, the open circuit voltage can be increased, thereby reducing the impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the above-mentioned main grid is connected to the insulating layer and the passivation layer at the same time, at which time the mechanical properties of the main grid can be guaranteed and the tensile properties of the main grid can be improved. Based on this, the probability of the main grid detaching from the solar cell can be reduced or eliminated to ensure the quality and performance of the solar cell.
- the ratio of the depth of the main gate extending into the passivation layer to the thickness of the passivation layer is Value greater than or equal to 20%.
- the main gate extends into the passivation layer to a depth of zero.
- the busbar includes: a busbar connection line and a pad.
- a plurality of pads are spaced from the busbar connection line along a first direction, the pads are wider than the busbar connection line, and the widths of the pads and the busbar connection line are consistent with the second direction.
- the shielding of the semiconductor substrate by the welding strip can be reduced, the light receiving area of the semiconductor substrate can be increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.
- the welding strip includes a core layer of metal material and a The solder layer on the outer surface of the layer.
- the solder layer melts under heat and has a certain fluidity. Since the above ratio is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 90%, the flowing solder can be distributed at the interface between the solder strip and the main grid connection line, giving it sufficient flow space. At this time, the solder can be prevented from flowing onto the semiconductor substrate to avoid solder contamination and shielding the semiconductor substrate, thereby ensuring the quality and performance of the solar cell.
- Conventional solar cell screen printing adopts the mainstream SP (Single Print) mode, that is, the main and fine grid integrated printing mode.
- the main grid and fine grid are taken into account at the same time in the screen design, and the main and fine grid lines are overlapped after a single printing of the slurry.
- the slurry contacts the insulating layer (such as SiNx).
- the phosphate glass component contained in the slurry is corrosive to a certain extent, and will corrode the SiNx and the underlying passivation layer (such as AlOx) on the contact surface, causing the Ag and Si in the slurry to form a silver-silicon alloy, thereby forming a better ohmic contact.
- the battery that has completed a single integrated slurry printing enters the sintering furnace.
- the first stage of sintering is carried out in the temperature range of 200°C ⁇ 400°C.
- organic binders such as ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol will be burned out.
- the second stage is carried out at 600°C ⁇ 900°C. This stage is an important step in forming the electrode.
- the phosphate glass material changes from a solid state to a molten state at high temperature, which can corrode the insulating layer (such as SiNx), play a role in widening the window, and carry the metal conductive phase silver particles forward, melt and corrode the underlying dielectric film (such as AlOx), and the silver The particles melt or react after calcination, and further form contact with the lower film layer.
- the main gate formed by SP integrated printing also corrodes the lower layer, penetrates the insulating layer and the passivation layer (the thickness of the passivation layer is generally greater than or equal to 5nm and less than or equal to 20nm), and the final retention depth is consistent with the fine gate.
- the emitter layer 2 can be formed by doping in the original structure of the single crystal silicon semiconductor substrate, such as by diffusion or ion implantation and other industry-wide means, or it can be an additional layer formed by deposition on the surface of the original single crystal silicon semiconductor substrate, such as LPCVD, PECVD and other processes.
- a semiconductor substrate 1 is provided.
- an emitter layer 2 is formed on one side of the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the semiconductor substrate 1 and the emitter layer 2 have opposite conductivity types, and the emitter layer 2 and the semiconductor substrate 1 together form a PN junction.
- the passivation layer 3 is formed on the emitter layer 2 .
- the material of the passivation layer 3 may include one or more of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silicon nitride.
- the material of the insulating layer 4 may include one or more of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride.
- the first direction and the second direction may be any two directions parallel to the surface of the semiconductor substrate and different from each other.
- the first direction A and the second direction B are orthogonal.
- fine gates 6 are formed on the insulating layer 4.
- the fine gates 6 extend along the second direction and are spaced apart along the first direction.
- Each main gate 5 intersects with a plurality of fine gates 6.
- the fine gates 6 pass through the passivation layer 3 and the insulating layer 4 and are connected to the emitter layer 2.
- the fine gate in the direction of the semiconductor substrate 1, can be connected to the emitter layer through openings on the passivation layer and the insulating layer, or through through holes on the passivation layer and the insulating layer, or by other methods, and the other methods can be deposition processes such as PVD, CVD, and electroplating. It should be understood that as long as the fine gate can be connected to the emitter layer, the connection method is not limited to the above description.
- the main gate 5 extends in the direction C of the emitter layer 2, the depth D1 of the main gate 5 does not exceed 90% of the thickness D2 of the passivation layer 3, and exceeds 20% of the thickness D3 of the insulating layer 4, and the depth direction, the thickness direction of the passivation layer 3, and the thickness direction of the insulating layer 4 are all consistent with the direction toward the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the depth of the main gate 5 extension can be 0%, 10%, 15%, 30%, 50%, 80% or 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer 3, etc.
- the depth of the extension of the main grid 5 does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer 3 and exceeds 20% of the thickness of the insulating layer.
- the extended part of the main grid 5 i.e., part of the main grid area
- the extended portion of the main grid 5 is located in both the insulating layer 4 and the passivation layer 3, but does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer 3, compared with the prior art where the main grid 5 passes through the passivation layer 3 and is connected to the silicon substrate, the degree of damage to the passivation layer 3 by the main grid 5 is reduced, and the passivation effect of the passivation layer 3 is ensured. Based on this, the open circuit voltage can be increased, thereby reducing the impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Further, when the battery assembly is made to establish an electrical connection in the later stage, the welding strip will cover the main grid 5.
- the main grid 5 will be unfavorable (for example, the main grid 5 may be peeled off from the solar cell).
- the extended portion of the main grid 5 is located in both the insulating layer 4 and the passivation layer 3, but does not exceed 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer 3, the above-mentioned main grid 5 is connected to the insulating layer 4 and the passivation layer 3 at the same time, and the mechanical properties of the main grid 5 can be guaranteed at this time, and the tensile properties of the main grid 5 can be improved. Based on this, the probability of the main grid 5 detaching from the solar cell can be reduced or eliminated to ensure the quality and performance of the solar cell.
- the main gate when the thickness of the passivation layer is greater than or equal to 5 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm, the main gate extends into the passivation layer to a depth greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 18 nm.
- the main gate extends into the passivation layer to a depth of 1 nm, 5 nm, 9 nm, 13 nm, 15 nm, or 18 nm.
- the depth is greater than or equal to 1nm, it can be ensured that the main grid is connected to the insulating layer and the passivation layer at the same time. Based on this, the mechanical properties of the main grid can be guaranteed, and the tensile properties of the main grid can be improved to reduce or eliminate the probability of the main grid detaching from the solar cell, thereby ensuring the quality and performance of the solar cell. Furthermore, since the depth is less than or equal to 18nm, the degree of damage to the passivation layer by the main grid can be reduced at this time, ensuring the passivation effect of the passivation layer, so as to increase the open circuit voltage and reduce the impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, it can be ensured that the thickness of the passivation layer above 2nm is not damaged.
- each busbar 5 includes: a busbar connection line 50 and a pad 51.
- a plurality of pads 51 are arranged at intervals on the busbar connection line 50 along the first direction, the width of the pad 51 is greater than the width of the busbar connection line 50, and the width direction of the pad 51 and the width direction of the busbar connection line 50 are both consistent with the second direction.
- the main grid 5 By controlling the number of main grids 5, the width of the main grid connection line and the width of the pad, the main grid 5 can be controlled.
- the metal solid content in the main grid material is less than the metal solid content in the fine grid material.
- the silver solid content in the main grid material is less than the silver solid content in the fine grid material.
- the depth of the main gate extending in the direction of the emitter layer is less than the depth of the fine gate extending in the direction of the emitter layer. Based on this, the degree of damage to the passivation layer by the main gate can be reduced to ensure the passivation effect of the passivation layer. Furthermore, when the metal solid content in the fine gate raw material remains unchanged, compared with the case where the metal solid content in the main gate raw material and the fine gate raw material is the same in the prior art, not only can the cost of the main gate raw material be reduced, so as to reduce the production cost of solar cells.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a solar cell.
- the solar cell includes: a semiconductor substrate 1, an emitter layer 2, a passivation layer 3, an insulating layer 4, a main grid 5 and a fine grid 6.
- the emitter layer 2 is located on one side of the semiconductor substrate 1, the semiconductor substrate 1 and the emitter layer 2 have opposite conductivity types, and the emitter layer 2 and the semiconductor substrate 1 together form a PN junction.
- the passivation layer 3 is located on the emitter layer 2, and the insulating layer 4 is located on the passivation layer 3.
- the main grid 5 is located on the insulating layer 4, the main grid 5 extends along a first direction, and is spaced apart along a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction.
- the fine grid 6 is located on the insulating layer 4, the fine grid 6 extends along the second direction, and is spaced apart along the first direction, and each main grid 5 intersects with multiple fine grids 6.
- the fine grid 6 passes through the passivation layer 3 and the insulating layer 4 and is connected to the emitter layer 2.
- the main gate 5 extends toward the emitter layer 2, and the depth D1 of the main gate 5 does not exceed 90% of the thickness D2 of the passivation layer 3, and exceeds 20% of the thickness D3 of the insulating layer 4.
- the directions of the main gate 5 are consistent with the direction toward the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the depth of the main gate 5 can be 0%, 10%, 15%, 30%, 50%, 80% or 90% of the thickness of the passivation layer 3.
- the main gate extends into the passivation layer to a depth of 0. That is, the main gate is only located in the insulating layer, specifically, the main gate is only located inside the insulating layer, or the main gate is located at the junction of the insulating layer and the passivation layer, or the main gate is only located on the surface of the insulating layer.
- the main gate can be prevented from damaging the passivation layer to ensure the passivation effect of the passivation layer. Based on this, the open circuit voltage can be increased to avoid affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the depth of the alloy region extending into the emitter is greater than or equal to 50 nanometers and less than or equal to 1000 nanometers.
- the depth of the alloy region extending into the emitter can be 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 260 nanometers, 390 nanometers, 550 nanometers or 1000 nanometers. Since the depth is greater than or equal to 50 nanometers, the fine gate can be alloyed with the semiconductor substrate to form a better ohmic contact.
- each busbar 5 includes: a busbar connection line 50 and a pad 51.
- a plurality of pads 51 are arranged at intervals on the busbar connection line 50 along the first direction, the width of the pad 51 is greater than the width of the busbar connection line 50, and the width direction of the pad 51 and the width direction of the busbar connection line 50 are both consistent with the second direction.
- the width of the above-mentioned welding strip is less than or equal to the width of the main grid connection line, and the width direction of the welding strip and the width direction of the main grid connection line are both consistent with the second direction.
- the shielding of the semiconductor substrate by the welding strip can be reduced, the light receiving area of the semiconductor substrate can be increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.
- the soldering ribbon includes a core layer of metal material and a solder layer located on the outer surface of the core layer.
- the solder layer melts under heat and has a certain fluidity. Since the above ratio is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 90%, the flowing solder can be distributed at the interface between the soldering ribbon and the main grid connection line, giving it sufficient flow space. At this time, the solder can be prevented from flowing onto the semiconductor substrate to avoid solder contamination and shielding the semiconductor substrate, thereby ensuring the quality and performance of the solar cell.
- the number of welding strips is consistent with the number of main grid connection lines.
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Abstract
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Claims (20)
- 一种太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:提供一半导体基底;在所述半导体基底的一面形成发射极层;所述半导体基底和所述发射极层的导电类型相反;在所述发射极层上形成钝化层;在所述钝化层上形成绝缘层;在所述绝缘层上形成主栅;所述主栅沿第一方向延伸,且沿第二方向间隔分布;所述第一方向不同于所述第二方向;在所述绝缘层上形成细栅;所述细栅沿第二方向延伸,且沿第一方向间隔分布;每条所述主栅与多条所述细栅相交;所述细栅穿过所述钝化层和所述绝缘层,并与所述发射极层连接;其中,所述主栅向所述发射极层方向延伸,所述主栅延伸的深度不超过所述钝化层厚度的90%,且超过所述绝缘层厚度的20%;深度方向、所述钝化层的厚度方向和所述绝缘层的厚度方向均与朝向所述半导体基底的方向一致。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,所述主栅延伸进所述钝化层内的深度,与所述钝化层的厚度的比值大于或等于20%;或,所述主栅延伸进所述钝化层内的深度为0。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,所述钝化层的厚度大于或等于5nm,且小于或等于20nm时,所述主栅延伸进所述钝化层内的深度大于或等于1nm,且小于或等于18nm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,所述主栅包括:主栅连接线和焊盘;多个所述焊盘沿所述第一方向间隔设置于所述主栅连接线;所述焊盘的宽度大于所述主栅连接线的宽度,所述焊盘的宽度方向和所述主栅连接线的宽度方向均与所述第二方向一致。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,在所述绝缘层上形成主栅包括:在所述绝缘层上印刷主栅原料,以形成初始主栅;处理所述初始主栅,以形成所述主栅;所述主栅的宽度与所述初始主栅的宽度的比值大于1,且小于或等于1.1;所述主栅的宽度方向和所述初始主栅的宽度方向均与所述第二方向一致。
- 根据权利要求5所述的太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,在所述绝缘层上形成细栅包括:在所述绝缘层上印刷细栅原料,以形成初始细栅;处理所述初始细栅,以形成所述细栅;所述细栅的宽度与所述初始细栅的宽度的比值大于1,且小于或等于1.2;所述细栅的宽度方向和所述初始细栅的宽度方向均与所述第一方向一致。
- 根据权利要求6所述的太阳能电池的制作方法,其特征在于,所述主栅原料中的金属固含量小于,所述细栅原料中的金属固含量。
- 一种太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括:半导体基底;发射极层,位于所述半导体基底的一面;所述半导体基底和所述发射极层的导电类型相反;钝化层,位于所述发射极层上;绝缘层,位于所述钝化层上;主栅,位于所述绝缘层上;所述主栅沿第一方向延伸,且沿第二方向间隔分布;所述第一方向不同于所述第二方向;细栅,位于所述绝缘层上;所述细栅沿第二方向延伸,且沿第一方向间隔分布;每条所述主栅与多条所述细栅相交;所述细栅穿过所述钝化层和所述绝缘层,并与所述发射极层连接;其中,所述主栅向所述发射极层方向延伸,所述主栅延伸的深度不超过所述钝化层厚度的90%,且超过所述绝缘层厚度的20%;深度方向、所述钝化层的 厚度方向和所述绝缘层的厚度方向均与朝向所述半导体基底的方向一致。
- 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述发射极层位于所述太阳能电池的背光面。
- 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述发射极层通过在所述半导体基底的原有结构中进行掺杂来形成,或者在所述半导体基底的表面通过沉积工艺来形成。
- 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述主栅延伸进所述钝化层内的深度,与所述钝化层的厚度的比值大于或等于20%;或,所述主栅延伸进所述钝化层内的深度为0。
- 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述钝化层的厚度大于或等于5nm,且小于或等于20nm时,所述主栅延伸进所述钝化层内的深度大于或等于1nm,且小于或等于18nm。
- 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述绝缘层的厚度大于或等于40纳米,且小于或等于100纳米。
- 根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述主栅包括:主栅连接线和焊盘;多个所述焊盘沿所述第一方向间隔设置于所述主栅连接线;所述焊盘的宽度大于所述主栅连接线的宽度,所述焊盘的宽度方向和所述主栅连接线的宽度方向均与所述第二方向一致。
- 根据权利要求14所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述主栅的数量大于或等于8,且小于或等于25;和/或,所述主栅连接线的宽度大于或等于35微米,且小于或等于60微米;所述焊盘的宽度大于或等于0.6毫米,且小于或等于1.3毫米。
- 根据权利要求8或14或15所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述细栅的数量大于或等于100,且小于或等于200;所述细栅的宽度大于或等于20微米,且小于或等于45微米;所述细栅的 宽度方向与所述第一方向一致。
- 一种电池组件,其特征在于,包括多个焊带和多个间隔排布的如权利要求8至16任一项所述的太阳能电池;所述焊带与所述主栅对应连接。
- 根据权利要求17所述的电池组件,其特征在于,所述主栅包括主栅连接线和焊盘时,所述焊带沿所述第一方向设置于所述焊盘,且覆盖所述主栅连接线;所述焊带的最大宽度小于或等于所述焊盘的宽度;所述焊带的宽度方向和所述焊盘的宽度方向均与所述第二方向一致。
- 根据权利要求18所述的电池组件,其特征在于,所述焊带的宽度小于或等于所述主栅连接线的宽度;所述焊带的宽度方向和所述主栅连接线的宽度方向均与所述第二方向一致。
- 根据权利要求18或19所述的电池组件,其特征在于,所述焊带的宽度与所述主栅连接线的宽度的比值,大于或等于50%且小于或等于90%。
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