WO2025105926A1 - 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025105926A1 WO2025105926A1 PCT/KR2024/096555 KR2024096555W WO2025105926A1 WO 2025105926 A1 WO2025105926 A1 WO 2025105926A1 KR 2024096555 W KR2024096555 W KR 2024096555W WO 2025105926 A1 WO2025105926 A1 WO 2025105926A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- This application relates to a lithium secondary battery.
- a representative example of an electrochemical device that currently utilizes this electrochemical energy is the secondary battery, and its application area is gradually expanding.
- lithium secondary batteries which have high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate, are commercialized and widely used.
- research is actively being conducted on methods for manufacturing high-density electrodes with higher energy density per unit volume as electrodes for such high-capacity lithium secondary batteries.
- a secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material that inserts and deintercalates lithium ions from the positive electrode, and silicon particles having a large discharge capacity can be used as the negative electrode active material.
- silicon compounds such as Si/C or SiOx
- Si/C or SiOx silicon compounds
- anode active materials which have a capacity more than 10 times that of graphite materials.
- silicon compounds which are high-capacity materials
- the volume expands rapidly during the charging process, which cuts off the conductive path, deteriorates the battery characteristics, and accordingly, the capacity drops from the beginning.
- silicon-based anodes lithium ions are not uniformly charged in the depth direction of the anode when repeating charge and discharge cycles, and reactions occur on the surface, accelerating surface degradation, so performance improvement is necessary in terms of the battery cycle.
- silicon-based compounds as negative electrode active materials
- a method for controlling the driving potential such as a method for controlling the driving potential, a method for additionally coating a thin film on the active material layer, a method for controlling the particle size of the silicon-based compound, a method for suppressing the volume expansion itself, or the development of a binder that can control the volume expansion of the silicon-based compound to prevent the conductive path from being disconnected.
- research is also being conducted to supplement the life characteristics of silicon-based negative electrodes by limiting the usage ratio of silicon-based active materials used during initial charge and discharge and providing a reservoir role through a method of prelithiating the silicon-based active material layer.
- artificial graphite when used as an anode, the capacity is lower than that of a silicon-based anode, but recent research has confirmed that the cell characteristics are superior, so the use of natural graphite is decreasing while the use of artificial graphite is increasing.
- artificial graphite has the disadvantage of being more expensive to process than natural graphite because coke must be calcined and graphitized.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-080971
- the present application has discovered, through research, a cell that can implement cell characteristics that are the same or superior to those of existing cells while reducing the amount of artificial graphite used in terms of cost while using a carbon-based active material as the negative electrode.
- the present application seeks to provide a lithium secondary battery using an active material of a specific composition in the negative electrode while controlling the NP ratio.
- One embodiment of the present specification provides a lithium secondary battery including a cathode; an anode; a separator described between the cathode and the anode; and an electrolyte, wherein the anode includes a cathode current collector layer; and an anode active material layer including an anode active material layer composition provided on one side or both sides of the anode current collector layer, wherein the anode active material layer composition includes a carbon-based active material, and includes 1 part by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less of artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon-based active material, and has an NP Ratio of 110 or more.
- the present application designed a cell by increasing the amount of natural graphite while reducing the amount of artificial graphite used to solve the problems of cost and mass production, and solved the resulting problems by adjusting the NP Ratio.
- the artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of carbon-based active material is included in an amount of 1 part by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, and the NP Ratio is adjusted to 110 or more, so that a large amount of residual negative electrode can be taken, and thus even if the artificial graphite is used in the above range, cell degradation is not accelerated, and thus the life characteristics can be secured.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a lithium secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present application.
- 'p to q' means a range of 'p or more and q or less'.
- the “specific surface area” is measured by the BET method, and specifically, is calculated from the nitrogen gas adsorption amount at liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II of BEL Japan. That is, in this application, the BET specific surface area may mean the specific surface area measured by the above-mentioned measurement method.
- Dn means particle size distribution, and means the particle size at the n% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size. That is, D50 is the particle size (average particle size, center particle size) at the 50% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size, D90 is the particle size at the 90% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size, and D10 is the particle size at the 10% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to particle size. Meanwhile, the particle size distribution can be measured using a laser diffraction method.
- the target powder for measurement is dispersed in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g., Microtrac S3500) and the difference in diffraction pattern according to particle size is measured when the particles pass through a laser beam, thereby calculating the particle size distribution.
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g., Microtrac S3500
- a polymer contains a certain monomer as a monomer unit means that the monomer participates in a polymerization reaction and is contained as a repeating unit in the polymer.
- this is interpreted as the same as that the polymer contains a monomer as a monomer unit.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) are polystyrene-converted molecular weights measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using monodisperse polystyrene polymers (standard samples) of various degrees of polymerization commercially available for molecular weight measurement as standard materials.
- molecular weight means weight average molecular weight.
- One embodiment of the present specification provides a lithium secondary battery including a cathode; an anode; a separator described between the cathode and the anode; and an electrolyte, wherein the anode includes a cathode current collector layer; and an anode active material layer including an anode active material layer composition provided on one side or both sides of the anode current collector layer, wherein the anode active material layer composition includes a carbon-based active material, and includes 1 part by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less of artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon-based active material, and has an NP Ratio of 110 or more.
- the artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of a carbon-based active material is included in an amount of 1 part by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, and the NP Ratio is adjusted to 110 or more, so that a large amount of residual negative electrode can be taken, and thus even if the artificial graphite is used in the above range, cell degradation is not accelerated, and thus life characteristics can be secured.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a lithium secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present application. Specifically, a lithium secondary battery negative electrode (100) including a negative electrode active material layer (20) on one side of a negative electrode current collector layer (10) can be confirmed, and a lithium secondary battery positive electrode (200) including a positive electrode active material layer (40) on one side of a positive electrode current collector layer (50) can be confirmed, and it is shown that the lithium secondary battery negative electrode (100) and the lithium secondary battery positive electrode (200) are formed in a laminated structure with a separator (30) interposed therebetween.
- a separator (30) interposed therebetween.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector layer; and a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material layer composition provided on one or both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector layer.
- the negative electrode active material layer composition may include a carbon-based active material, and may include 1 to 50 parts by weight of artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon-based active material.
- the negative active material layer composition may include a carbon-based active material, and may include 1 part by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, specifically 10 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, and more specifically 30 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, of artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon-based active material.
- the carbon-based active material is, as a representative example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, carbon fiber, non-graphitizable carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, or activated carbon, and can be used without limitation as long as it is commonly used as a carbon material for lithium secondary batteries, and specifically, can be used by processing it into a spherical or dot-shaped form.
- the present application has the characteristic that, as the NP Ratio described below is adjusted to 110 or more, a large amount of residual cathode can be taken, so that even if artificial graphite is used within the above range, cell deterioration is not accelerated, and thus life characteristics can be secured.
- the artificial graphite may have an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more.
- the artificial graphite may have an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more, preferably 335 mAh/g or more, and may have an initial capacity of 450 mAh/g or less, preferably 400 mAh/g or less.
- the artificial graphite according to the present application has an initial capacity within the above range, and corresponds to a material with a high initial capacity, unlike a type of artificial graphite such as meso carbon. In this case, it has a characteristic of having superior capacity characteristics compared to general artificial graphite.
- a lithium secondary battery in which the carbon-based active material includes artificial graphite and natural graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more, and a weight ratio of the artificial graphite: natural graphite based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon-based active material is 1:99 to 50:50.
- a carbon-based active material is used as the negative active material, and at the same time, artificial graphite and natural graphite satisfying a specific initial capacity are blended and used at the above ratio as described above.
- the main purpose of the present invention is to use natural graphite blended at the above ratio and to resolve the resulting performance degradation by controlling the NP Ratio.
- the artificial graphite and the natural graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more may be crystalline carbon (Graphite).
- Carbon-based active materials can be divided into crystalline carbon (graphite) and amorphous carbon, and amorphous carbon can be further divided into hard carbon and soft carbon.
- the artificial graphite according to the present application and the natural graphite are mainly characterized by using crystalline carbon (graphite).
- the carbon-based active material according to the present application is a high-capacity negative electrode material compared to soft carbon or hard carbon, has excellent initial efficiency, and also has excellent cycle characteristics.
- a lithium secondary battery wherein the negative active material layer composition further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicon-based active material, a tin-based active material, a metal-based active material capable of being alloyed with lithium, lithium titanium oxide, and a lithium-containing nitride.
- the present application comprises a negative electrode active material layer composition including a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material, and may comprise 50 parts by weight or less of the silicon-based active material based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the negative electrode active material layer composition includes a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material
- the silicon-based active material may be included in an amount of 30 parts by weight or less, preferably 20 parts by weight or less, and may be included in an amount of 1 part by weight or more and 10 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the present application reduces the content of artificial graphite in a carbon-based active material, which causes some problems in that the resistance characteristics and life characteristics are reduced. Accordingly, when a carbon-based active material and a silicon-based active material or lithium titanium oxide are mixed and used in the negative electrode active material layer composition as described above, the above-mentioned problems can be solved.
- the silicon-based active material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SiC, and Si alloy, and may include at least 1 part by weight of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based active material.
- the silicon-based active material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), SiC, and a Si alloy, and may include 1 part by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, and 99 parts by weight or less of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based active material.
- the silicon-based active material may include SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the silicon-based active material may be composed of SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the negative electrode active material layer composition may include a negative electrode conductive material; and a negative electrode binder.
- the negative conductive material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a dot-shaped conductive material, a surface-shaped conductive material, and a linear conductive material.
- the dot-shaped conductive material can be used to improve conductivity of the cathode, and means a dot-shaped or spherical conductive material having conductivity without causing a chemical change.
- the dot-shaped conductive material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, paneth black, lamp black, thermal black, conductive fiber, fluorocarbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, zinc oxide, potassium titanate, titanium oxide, and polyphenylene derivatives, and preferably may include carbon black in that it implements high conductivity and has excellent dispersibility.
- the dot-shaped conductive material may have a BET surface area of 40 m 2 /g or more and 70 m 2 /g or less, preferably 45 m 2 /g or more and 65 m 2 /g or less, and more preferably 50 m 2 /g or more and 60 m 2 /g or less.
- the dot-shaped conductive material can satisfy a volatile matter content of 0.01% or more and 1% or less, preferably 0.01% or more and 0.3% or less, and more preferably 0.01% or more and 0.1% or less.
- the functional group content of the dot-shaped conductive material satisfies the above range, there is a functional group present on the surface of the dot-shaped conductive material, so that when water is used as a solvent, the dot-shaped conductive material can be smoothly dispersed in the solvent.
- the functional group content of the dot-shaped conductive material can be reduced, thereby having an excellent effect in improving dispersibility.
- the present application is characterized by including a dot-shaped conductive material having a functional group content within the above range together with a silicon-based active material, and the functional group content can be controlled by controlling the dot-shaped conductive material depending on the degree of heat treatment.
- the particle size of the dot-shaped conductive material may be 10 nm to 100 nm, preferably 20 nm to 90 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 60 nm.
- the conductive material may include a planar conductive material.
- the above-mentioned planar conductive material can improve conductivity by increasing planar contact between silicon particles within the cathode, and at the same time, suppress disconnection of conductive paths due to volume expansion.
- the above-mentioned planar conductive material can be expressed as a plate-shaped conductive material or a bulk conductive material.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the surface-shaped conductive agent may be 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, specifically 3 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, and more specifically 3.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- D50 average particle diameter
- the surface-shaped conductive material provides a cathode composition having a D10 of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less, a D50 of 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less, and a D90 of 6.5 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the planar conductive material may be a high-specific surface area planar conductive material having a high BET specific surface area; or a low-specific surface area planar conductive material.
- a high surface area surface-type conductive material; or a low surface area surface-type conductive material may be used without limitation as the surface-type conductive material.
- the surface-type conductive material according to the present application may be affected to some extent by dispersion effects on electrode performance, it may be particularly preferable to use a low surface area surface-type conductive material that does not cause dispersion problems.
- the surface-shaped conductive material may have a BET surface area of 0.25 m 2 /g or more.
- the surface-shaped conductive material may have a BET surface area of 1 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, and more preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 250 m 2 /g or less.
- planar conductive material according to the present application may be a planar conductive material having a high surface area; or a planar conductive material having a low surface area.
- the planar conductive material is a high surface area planar conductive material, and the BET surface area can satisfy a range of 50 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, preferably 80 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, and more preferably 100 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less.
- the planar conductive material is a low surface area planar conductive material, and the BET surface area can satisfy a range of 1 m 2 /g or more and 40 m 2 /g or less, preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 30 m 2 /g or less, and more preferably 5 m 2 /g or more and 25 m 2 /g or less.
- Other conductive materials may include linear conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes may be bundle-type carbon nanotubes.
- the bundle-type carbon nanotubes may include a plurality of carbon nanotube units.
- the term "bundle type" herein refers to a secondary shape in the form of a bundle or rope in which a plurality of carbon nanotube units are arranged in a substantially identical orientation in a longitudinal direction of the carbon nanotube units or are entangled with each other.
- the carbon nanotube units have a cylindrical shape of a graphite sheet with a nano-sized diameter and an sp2 bonding structure. In this case, the graphite sheets may exhibit conductor or semiconductor properties depending on the angle and structure at which they are rolled.
- the above bundled carbon nanotubes can be uniformly dispersed during the manufacture of a cathode compared to entangled type carbon nanotubes, and can smoothly form a conductive network within the cathode, thereby improving the conductivity of the cathode.
- the negative electrode conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 part by weight or more and 40 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the negative electrode conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 25 parts by weight, and most preferably 0.4 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the negative conductive material may include a planar conductive material or a linear conductive material.
- the negative conductive material may include a planar conductive material and a linear conductive material.
- the negative conductive material may include a dot-shaped conductive material and a linear conductive material.
- the cathode conductive material may include a dot-shaped conductive material.
- the negative electrode conductive material may include 80 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less of the planar conductive material based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode conductive material; and 0.1 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less of the linear conductive material.
- the cathode conductive material may include 80 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less of the planar conductive material, preferably 85 parts by weight or more to 99.9 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 95 parts by weight or more to 98 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the cathode conductive material.
- the cathode conductive material may contain the linear conductive material in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the cathode conductive material.
- the cathode conductive material may include 80 parts by weight or more and 99.9 parts by weight or less of the dot-shaped conductive material based on 100 parts by weight of the cathode conductive material; and 0.1 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less of the linear conductive material.
- the negative electrode conductive material includes a planar conductive material and a linear conductive material; or a point-shaped conductive material and a linear conductive material; and satisfies the composition and ratio above, it does not have a significant effect on the life characteristics of an existing lithium secondary battery, and in particular, when a planar conductive material and a linear conductive material are included, the number of points at which charging and discharging are possible increases, so that the output characteristics are excellent at a high C-rate and the amount of high-temperature gas generation is reduced.
- the cathode conductive material may be formed of a linear conductive material.
- the electrode tortuosity which is a problem of carbon-based or silicon-based negative electrodes, can be simplified, thereby improving the electrode structure and thus reducing the resistance to the movement of lithium ions within the electrode.
- the negative electrode conductive material when the negative electrode conductive material comprises a linear conductive material alone, the negative electrode conductive material may comprise 0.1 parts by weight or more and 5 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more and 3 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 0.4 parts by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the negative electrode conductive material according to the present application has a completely separate composition from the positive electrode conductive material applied to the positive electrode. That is, in the case of the negative electrode conductive material according to the present application, it plays a role of holding the contact point between silicon-based active materials, which greatly expand the volume of the electrode due to charging and discharging, and the positive electrode conductive material plays a role of providing some conductivity while acting as a buffer when rolled, and is completely different in composition and role from the negative electrode conductive material of the present invention.
- the planar conductive material used as the above-mentioned negative electrode conductive material has a structure and a role different from those of the carbon-based active material generally used as the negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based active material used as the negative electrode active material may be artificial graphite or natural graphite, and refers to a material processed into a spherical or dot-shaped form to facilitate the storage and release of lithium ions.
- the planar conductive material used as the negative electrode conductive material is a material having a planar or plate-like shape, and can be expressed as plate-like graphite. In other words, it refers to a material included to maintain a conductive path within the negative electrode active material layer, and is not a material that plays a role in storing and releasing lithium, but rather a material that secures a conductive path in a planar shape within the negative electrode active material layer.
- the use of plate-shaped graphite as a conductive material means that it is processed into a planar or plate-shaped form and used as a material that secures a conductive path rather than a role of storing or releasing lithium.
- the negative electrode active material included together has high capacity characteristics for lithium storage and release, and plays a role of storing and releasing all lithium ions transferred from the positive electrode.
- the use of a carbon-based active material as an active material means that it is processed into a dot or spherical shape and used as a material that plays a role in storing or releasing lithium.
- the carbon-based active material artificial graphite or natural graphite
- the carbon-based active material may have a point-like shape and a BET surface area satisfying a range of 0.1 m 2 /g or more and 4.5 m 2 /g or less.
- the plate-like graphite which is a surface-shaped conductive material, may have a BET surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more in the shape of a surface.
- the negative electrode binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, poly acrylic acid, and a material in which hydrogen of these is substituted with Li, Na or Ca, and may also include various copolymers thereof.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- a negative electrode binder serves to hold an active material and a conductive material in order to prevent distortion and structural deformation of the negative electrode structure when the volume of the silicon-based active material expands and relaxes. If the above-mentioned role is satisfied, all general binders can be applied, and specifically, an aqueous binder can be used, and more specifically, a PAM-based binder can be used.
- the negative electrode binder may be 30 parts by weight or less, preferably 25 parts by weight or less, more preferably 20 parts by weight or less, and may be 5 parts by weight or more, or 10 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- a lithium secondary battery wherein the thickness of the negative electrode current collector layer is 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is 5 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the above negative electrode current collector layer generally has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector layer is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity and does not cause a chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material can be strengthened by forming fine unevenness on the surface, and can be used in various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, and non-woven fabric.
- the thickness may vary depending on the type and purpose of the cathode used and is not limited thereto.
- the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer can satisfy a range of 10% or more and 60% or less.
- the above porosity varies depending on the composition and content of the active material; conductive material; and binder included in the negative electrode active material layer, and accordingly, the electrode is characterized by having an appropriate range of electrical conductivity and resistance.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector layer; and a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material layer composition provided on one side or both sides of the positive electrode current collector layer, wherein the positive electrode active material layer composition includes a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode collector layer is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and does not cause a chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. may be used.
- the positive electrode collector layer can typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine unevenness can be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, etc.
- the above positive electrode active material may be a commonly used positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may be a layered compound such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium iron oxide such as LiFe 3 O 4 ; lithium manganese oxide having the chemical formula Li 1+c1 Mn 2-c1 O 4 (0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 ; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxide such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Ni-site type lithium nickel oxide represented by chemical formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (wherein, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 0.3); lithium manganese composite oxide represented
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present application is characterized by using a Mn-rich positive electrode active material.
- the above-described positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode conductive material and a positive electrode binder together with the positive electrode active material described above.
- the positive electrode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and in the battery to be formed, if it does not cause a chemical change and has electronic conductivity, it can be used without special restrictions.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powder or metal fiber such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the positive electrode binder serves to improve the adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and the adhesive strength between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- specific examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene flu
- the lithium secondary battery may have an NP Ratio of 110 or more.
- the NP Ratio may be 110 or more and 200 or less, 113 or more and 150 or less, or 115 or more and 140 or less.
- NP By controlling NP within the above range, even if the amount of artificial graphite is reduced and the amount of natural graphite is increased, cell characteristics equivalent to or superior to the existing ones can be exhibited. In other words, when designing by controlling NP within the above range, a large amount of residual cathode can be taken, and thus, even if the amount of artificial graphite is reduced and the amount of natural graphite is increased, it has the characteristic of preventing accelerated cell degradation.
- the NP ratio can satisfy the following equation A.
- N/P ratio Discharge capacity per unit area of cathode / Discharge capacity per unit area of anode x 100
- discharge capacity per unit area means the discharge capacity per unit area in the first cycle of the cathode or the anode.
- the discharge capacity per unit area of the negative electrode can be obtained by the following method. Specifically, a half-cell is manufactured with a negative electrode sample including a negative electrode active material and a counter electrode (for example, a lithium metal electrode) facing the negative electrode sample. The half-cell is charged and discharged, and the measured discharge capacity is divided by the weight of the negative electrode active material to obtain the “discharge capacity of the negative electrode sample per unit weight of the negative electrode active material.”
- a secondary battery is manufactured with a negative electrode including the same negative electrode active material as the negative electrode active material used in the half-cell and a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material.
- discharge capacity of the negative electrode sample per unit weight of the negative electrode active material can be multiplied by the weight of the negative electrode active material included in the secondary battery, and divided by the area of the negative electrode included in the secondary battery to obtain the discharge capacity per unit area of the negative electrode.
- the discharge capacity per unit area of the positive electrode can be obtained by the following method. Specifically, a half-cell is manufactured with a positive electrode sample including a positive electrode active material and a counter electrode (for example, a lithium metal electrode) facing the negative electrode sample. The half-cell is charged and discharged, and the measured discharge capacity is divided by the weight of the positive electrode active material to obtain the “discharge capacity of the positive electrode sample per unit weight of the positive electrode active material.”
- a secondary battery is manufactured with a positive electrode including the same positive electrode active material as the positive electrode active material used in the half-cell and an negative electrode including the negative electrode active material.
- discharge capacity of the positive electrode sample per unit weight of the positive electrode active material can be multiplied by the weight of the positive electrode active material included in the secondary battery, and divided by the area of the positive electrode included in the secondary battery to obtain the discharge capacity per unit area of the positive electrode.
- the separator separates the negative and positive electrodes and provides a passage for lithium ions to move.
- Any separator that is usually used as a separator in secondary batteries can be used without special restrictions, and in particular, one that has low resistance to ion movement of the electrolyte and excellent electrolyte moisture retention capacity is preferable.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin polymer such as an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof can be used.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high-melting-point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc. can also be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength can be used, and can be selectively used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolyte examples include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- an aprotic organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolan, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolan, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, triester phosphoric acid, trimethoxy methane, dioxolan derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ethers, methyl pyrropionate, and ethyl propionate
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone prop
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- high-viscosity organic solvents with high permittivity are high-viscosity organic solvents with high permittivity and thus can be preferably used because they easily dissociate lithium salts.
- a low-viscosity, low-permittivity linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate
- an electrolyte with high electrical conductivity can be produced, so that the electrolyte can be used even more preferably.
- the metal salt may use a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a substance that is easily dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and for example, the anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , At least one selected from the group consisting of (SF 5 ) 3 C
- the electrolyte may further contain one or more additives, such as, for example, a haloalkylene carbonate compound such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, a cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, a nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, a quinone imine dye, an N-substituted oxazolidinone, an N,N-substituted imidazolidine, an ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, an ammonium salt, a pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol, or aluminum trichloride, for the purpose of improving the life characteristics of the battery, suppressing the decrease in battery capacity, and improving the discharge capacity of the battery.
- a haloalkylene carbonate compound such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, a
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same. Since the battery module and the battery pack include the secondary battery having high capacity, high rate characteristics and cycle characteristics, they can be used as a power source for medium and large-sized devices selected from the group consisting of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and power storage systems.
- carbon black, binder, and water were dispersed using a homogeneous mixer at 2500 rpm for 30 minutes, then the active material (artificial graphite, natural graphite) was added and dispersed at 2500 rpm for 30 minutes to produce a slurry.
- the negative electrode slurry was coated on both sides of a copper current collector (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode collector with a loading amount of 5.48 mAh/cm 2 , dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 1 hour, and rolled to form a negative electrode active material layer. (Negative electrode porosity: 35%)
- LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (average particle size (D50): 15 ⁇ m) as a cathode active material, carbon black (product name: Super C65, manufacturer: Timcal) as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder were added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for forming a cathode slurry at a weight ratio of 95:2.5:2.5 to prepare a cathode slurry (solid content concentration: 63 wt%).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of an aluminum current collector (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) as a positive electrode collector at a loading amount of 4.0 mAh/cm 2 , dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 1 hour, and rolled to form a positive electrode active material layer, thereby manufacturing a positive electrode (positive electrode porosity: 25%).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by interposing a polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the above example and injecting an electrolyte. (Based on 4.2 V to 2 V, NP ratio 137)
- carbon black, binder, and water were dispersed using a homogeneous mixer at 2500 rpm for 30 minutes, then the active material (artificial graphite, natural graphite) was added and dispersed at 2500 rpm for 30 minutes to produce a slurry.
- the negative electrode slurry was coated on both sides of a copper current collector (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode collector with a loading amount of 5.48 mAh/cm 2 , dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 1 hour, and rolled to form a negative electrode active material layer. (Negative electrode porosity: 35%)
- LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (average particle size (D50): 15 ⁇ m) as a cathode active material, carbon black (product name: Super C65, manufacturer: Timcal) as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder were added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for forming a cathode slurry at a weight ratio of 95:2.5:2.5 to prepare a cathode slurry (solid content concentration: 63 wt%).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of an aluminum current collector (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) as a positive electrode collector at a loading amount of 4.0 mAh/cm 2 , dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 1 hour, and rolled to form a positive electrode active material layer, thereby manufacturing a positive electrode (positive electrode porosity: 25%).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by inserting a polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the comparative example and injecting an electrolyte. (Based on 4.2 V to 2 V, NP ratio 137)
- Natural graphite Natural graphite: Additional active material Natural graphite initial capacity (mAh/g) Initial capacity of artificial graphite (mAh/g) Cathode loading (mAh/cm 2 ) NP Ratio (Based on 4.2V ⁇ 2V) Example 50:50:0 364 350 5.48 137 Comparative example 80:20:0 364 350 5.48 137
- the secondary batteries including the negative electrodes manufactured in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to a life evaluation of three cells each using an electrochemical charger/discharger, and the capacity retention rate was evaluated.
- the secondary batteries were subjected to an in-situ cycle test at 4.2-2.0 V 1C/0.5C, and the capacity retention rate was measured by charging/discharging at 0.33C/0.33C (4.2-2.0V) every 50 cycles during the test.
- Table 2 below shows the in-situ capacity retention rate, not the RPT capacity retention rate.
- Capacity retention rate (%) ⁇ (discharge capacity in the Nth cycle)/(discharge capacity in the first cycle) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the capacity retention rate was measured by charging/discharging at 0.33C/0.33C (4.2-2.0V) every 50 cycles during the test, and then the resistance was measured by discharging at 2.5C pulse at SOC50 to compare and analyze the resistance increase rate.
- the artificial graphite having an initial capacity of 330 mAh/g or more based on 100 parts by weight of the carbon-based active material is included in an amount of 1 to 50 parts by weight, and the NP Ratio is adjusted to 110 or more, so that a large amount of residual negative electrode can be taken, and it was confirmed that even if the artificial graphite is used in the above range, cell degradation is not accelerated, and accordingly, the life characteristics and resistance characteristics are equivalent to or improved.
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Abstract
Description
| 인조흑연:천연흑연:추가 활물질 | 천연흑연 초기 용량(mAh/g) | 인조흑연 초기 용량(mAh/g) | 음극 로딩양(mAh/cm2) | NP Ratio (4.2V~2V기준) |
|
| 실시예 | 50:50:0 | 364 | 350 | 5.48 | 137 |
| 비교예 | 80:20:0 | 364 | 350 | 5.48 | 137 |
| 1st 0.33C 방전 용량(mAh) | 100th 용량 유지율(%) | 200th 용량 유지율(%) | 400th 용량 유지율(%) | 2.5C 충전 30초 저항 (R30sec, ohm) |
2.5C 방전 30초 저항 (R30sec, ohm) |
|
| 실시예 1 | 88.9 | 93.3 | 88.3 | 80.8 | 1.12 | 1.21 |
| 실시예 2 | 89.1 | 91.6 | 87.5 | 79.7 | 1.14 | 1.26 |
| 실시예 3 | 89.7 | 91 | 86.3 | 77.4 | 1.15 | 1.3 |
| 평균 | 89.2 | 92.0 | 87.4 | 79.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| 표준편차 | 0.42 | 1.19 | 1.01 | 1.73 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
| 비교예 1 | 87.7 | 91.6 | 86.4 | 80.1 | 1.22 | 1.28 |
| 비교예 2 | 88.7 | 92.7 | 88.5 | 78.6 | 1.14 | 1.33 |
| 비교예 3 | 89.2 | 88 | 84.1 | 75.1 | 1.19 | 1.46 |
| 평균 | 88.5 | 90.8 | 86.3 | 77.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
| 표준편차 | 0.76 | 2.46 | 2.20 | 2.57 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
Claims (10)
- 양극; 음극; 상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 기재된 분리막; 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지로,상기 음극은 음극 집전체층; 및 상기 음극 집전체층의 일면 또는 양면에 구비된 음극 활물질층 조성물을 포함하는 음극 활물질층을 포함하며,상기 음극 활물질층 조성물은 탄소계 활물질을 포함하고,상기 탄소계 활물질 100 중량부 기준 초기 용량이 330mAh/g 이상인 인조 흑연을 1 중량부 이상 50 중량부 이하로 포함하며,NP Ratio가 110 이상인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 탄소계 활물질은 초기 용량이 330mAh/g 이상인 인조 흑연 및 천연 흑연을 포함하고,상기 탄소계 활물질 100 중량부 기준 상기 인조 흑연 : 상기 천연 흑연의 중량비는 1:99 내지 50:50 인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층 조성물은 실리콘계 활물질, 주석계 활물질, 리튬과 합금이 가능한 금속계 활물질, 리튬티타늄산화물 및 리튬 함유 질화물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,NP Ratio가 110 이상 200 이하인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 3에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층 조성물은 탄소계 활물질 및 실리콘계 활물질을 포함하고,상기 음극 활물질층 조성물 100 중량부 기준 상기 실리콘계 활물질은 50 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 초기 용량이 330mAh/g 이상인 인조 흑연 및 상기 천연 흑연은 결정질 카본인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극은 양극 집전체층; 및 상기 양극 집전체층의 일면 또는 양면에 구비된 양극 활물질층 조성물을 포함하는 양극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 양극 활물질층 조성물은 LiNixCoyMnzO2 (x+y+z=1); LiNiaCobMncAldO2(a+b+c+d=1); LiMn2O4; LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2; 및 LiMxFeyPO4(M: Transition metal, x+y=1)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1 이상의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층 조성물은 LiNixCoyMnzO2 (x+y+z=1); 또는 LiNiaCobMncAldO2(a+b+c+d=1)를 포함하며,상기 z는 0.5 이상이고,상기 c는 0.4 이상인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 집전체층의 두께는 1μm 이상 100μm 이하이며,상기 음극 활물질층의 두께는 5μm 이상 500μm 이하인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 양극 집전체층의 두께는 1μm 이상 100μm 이하이며,상기 양극 활물질층의 두께는 5μm 이상 500μm 이하인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
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| JP2025536100A JP2026500936A (ja) | 2023-11-16 | 2024-11-14 | リチウム二次電池 |
| CN202480005392.2A CN120345089A (zh) | 2023-11-16 | 2024-11-14 | 锂二次电池 |
| EP24891872.4A EP4618214A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2024-11-14 | Lithium secondary battery |
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| JPH05290844A (ja) * | 1992-04-09 | 1993-11-05 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP2009080971A (ja) | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-16 | Tokyo Univ Of Science | リチウムイオン電池用負極 |
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| KR20170050507A (ko) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지 |
| KR20200072184A (ko) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR20220157095A (ko) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-29 | 한국공학대학교산학협력단 | 다층구조의 음극 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR20230159140A (ko) | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-21 | 유지호 | 대중교통 임산부 좌석 이용 장치 |
-
2024
- 2024-11-14 WO PCT/KR2024/096555 patent/WO2025105926A1/ko active Pending
- 2024-11-14 CN CN202480005392.2A patent/CN120345089A/zh active Pending
- 2024-11-14 EP EP24891872.4A patent/EP4618214A1/en active Pending
- 2024-11-14 JP JP2025536100A patent/JP2026500936A/ja active Pending
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| JPH05290844A (ja) * | 1992-04-09 | 1993-11-05 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
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