WO2025112330A1 - 一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025112330A1
WO2025112330A1 PCT/CN2024/093822 CN2024093822W WO2025112330A1 WO 2025112330 A1 WO2025112330 A1 WO 2025112330A1 CN 2024093822 W CN2024093822 W CN 2024093822W WO 2025112330 A1 WO2025112330 A1 WO 2025112330A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
port
engine
switch
control unit
electrically connected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/093822
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李亚东
耿家文
董玉忠
温猛
于钊
王楷涵
贾存坤
张芮
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Xuzhou XCMG Excavator Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xuzhou XCMG Excavator Machinery Co Ltd
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Application filed by Xuzhou XCMG Excavator Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Xuzhou XCMG Excavator Machinery Co Ltd
Priority to EP24802154.5A priority Critical patent/EP4585754B1/en
Publication of WO2025112330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025112330A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2066—Control of propulsion units of the type combustion engines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/24—Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
    • F02D41/266—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor the computer being backed-up or assisted by another circuit, e.g. analogue

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of excavator electrical control, and in particular relates to an excavator engine coupling control device and method.
  • the excavator start-stop control system realizes coupled intelligent control through a new intelligent architecture, thereby truly realizing the goal of defining intelligent products with software.
  • the development of intelligent technology can greatly enhance the competitiveness of products.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an excavator engine coupling control device and method to achieve asynchronous control of power failure and flameout, and at the same time be able to emergency start and stop the engine to achieve risk avoidance operations.
  • an excavator engine coupling control device comprising a main controller, a switch control unit and an engine control unit electrically connected to each other.
  • the main controller and the switch control unit, the main controller and the engine controller are connected via a bus respectively;
  • Port P4 of the switch control unit is electrically connected to the first group of normally closed contacts of the emergency mode relay and the coil of the power supply relay, and the first group of normally closed contacts of the emergency mode relay is electrically connected to the negative pole of the isolation diode D4; the positive pole of the isolation diode D4 is electrically connected to port DO2 of the main controller; port P2 of the switch control unit is electrically connected to the second group of normally closed contacts of the emergency mode relay; the second group of normally closed contacts of the emergency mode relay is electrically connected to the negative pole of the isolation diode D5; the positive pole of the isolation diode D5 is electrically connected to port DO1 of the main controller; port P3 of the switch control unit is electrically connected to port DI1 of the main controller; the coil of the emergency mode relay is electrically connected to port DO3 of the main controller; port P1 of the switch control unit is connected to the positive pole of the power supply;
  • the cathode of the isolation diode D5 is electrically connected to the control coil of the engine starting unit;
  • the cathode of the isolation diode D4 is electrically connected to the normally closed contact port H1 of the emergency stop switch; the normally closed contact port H2 of the emergency stop switch is electrically connected to the port keysw of the engine controller; the normally open contact port H3 of the emergency stop switch is grounded; the normally open contact port H4 of the emergency stop switch is electrically connected to the port DI2 of the main controller.
  • the port CAN2H and the port CAN2L of the main controller are electrically connected to the port CANL and the port CANH of the engine controller respectively.
  • the electronic monitor is electrically connected to the main controller and the switch control unit; the port CANH of the electronic monitor is electrically connected to the port CANIH of the main controller and the port CANH of the switch control unit; the port CANL of the electronic monitor is electrically connected to the port CANIL of the main controller and the port CANL of the switch control unit.
  • a human-computer interaction interface is provided on the electronic monitor.
  • the human-computer interaction interface is configured as a touch screen.
  • the switch control unit includes an integrated switch panel SCU, a one-button start switch S1 and a power switch S2;
  • the port P1 of the switch control unit, the one-button start switch S1, the isolation diode D1 and the port P4 of the switch control unit are electrically connected in sequence;
  • the anode of the isolation diode D1 is electrically connected to the one-button start switch S1 and the port V2 of the integrated switch panel SCU;
  • the cathode of the isolation diode D1 is electrically connected to the port P4 of the switch control unit;
  • the port P1 of the switch control unit, the power switch S2, the isolation diode D3 and the port P2 of the switch control unit are electrically connected in sequence;
  • the anode of the isolation diode D3 is electrically connected to the port P3 of the switch control unit, the power switch S2 and the port V1 of the integrated switch panel SCU;
  • the cathode of the isolation diode D3 is electrically connected to the port P2 of the switch control unit;
  • Port P4 of the switch control unit, the isolation diode D2 and port V3 of the integrated switch panel SCU are electrically connected in sequence; the cathode of the isolation diode D2 is electrically connected to port P4 of the switch control unit, and the anode of the isolation diode D2 is electrically connected to port V3 of the integrated switch panel SCU; port CANH and port CANL of the integrated switch panel SCU are set to port CANH and port CANL of the switch control unit.
  • the integrated switch panel SCU, the one-button start switch S1 and the power switch S2 are integrated on the control panel.
  • the one-button start switch S1 is configured as a self-reset button with a redundant function.
  • the present invention provides an excavator engine coupling control method, comprising:
  • the port P3 of the switch control unit transmits the start signal to the DI1 port of the main controller, the speed signal of the engine controller is received and detected to determine the engine state; if the engine is in the stopped state, the port DO3 of the main controller outputs a high level and reaches the port keysw of the engine controller through the normally closed contact of the emergency stop switch, and the excavator engine is started through the engine controller; if the engine is in the running state, an early warning is sent to the electronic monitor through the bus;
  • the main controller When the main controller receives the start signal from the switch control unit through the bus, and the DI1 port of the main controller does not receive the start signal from the switch control unit, the emergency state is sent to the electronic monitor through the bus; the start and stop operations are selected by the electronic monitor.
  • the one-button start switch S2 is disconnected, and when the port P3 of the switch control unit transmits the shutdown signal to the DI1 port of the main controller, the speed signal of the engine controller is received and detected to determine the engine state; if the engine is in the running state, the port DO3 of the main controller is controlled to be powered off, and the engine of the excavator is controlled to be turned off through the engine controller; if the engine is in the stopped state, an early warning is sent to the electronic monitor through the bus.
  • the emergency stop signal is received by port DI2 of the main controller, and the speed signal of the engine controller is received and detected to determine the engine status; if the engine is in operation, the emergency shutdown status is sent to the electronic monitor through the main controller; after confirming the emergency shutdown of the engine through the redundant shutdown mode of the electronic monitor, an emergency stop command is sent to the engine controller through the bus between the engine controller and the main controller to control the emergency shutdown of the engine.
  • the emergency mode relay coil is de-energized, the normally closed contact of the emergency mode relay is in a closed state, and the start/stop signal sent by the switch control unit reaches the port keysw of the engine controller through the emergency mode relay and the emergency stop switch.
  • the port P2 of the switch control unit is connected to the start unit coil through the normally closed contact of the safety relay, and the switch control unit directly controls the engine. The engine starts and stops directly through the power switch and one-button start-stop switch of the switch control unit.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention realizes separate control of power supply control and engine start and stop by adopting independent design of power-on and start-stop switches, and further realizes intelligent start and stop control by coupling start and stop with controller.
  • the system can also realize the purpose of non-interruption of power supply by controlling the system key switch when the engine is shut down by coupling shutdown with controller.
  • the present invention constructs a multi-level redundant design, adopts an engine shutdown control port and bus redundant control, so that when the emergency stop switch is abnormal, the instrument can control the controller through the bus through the human-computer interaction interface to realize emergency shutdown.
  • an emergency mode relay is also provided.
  • the controller fails, the power supply and the start circuit can be switched by converting the contact state of the safety relay, and the start-stop circuit can be switched from coupling control to direct control, so that the system can still start the engine through the start-stop switch after the controller fails, and perform some emergency action controls, thereby improving the reliability of the start-stop control system.
  • FIG1 is a structural diagram of an excavator engine coupling control device provided in Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a circuit diagram of an excavator engine coupling control device provided in Example 1;
  • FIG3 is a circuit diagram of a switch control unit provided in Example 1;
  • FIG4 is a structural diagram of a control panel provided in Example 1;
  • Example 5 is a flow chart of starting an excavator engine provided in Example 2.
  • Example 6 is a flowchart of redundant flameout of an excavator engine provided in Example 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of emergency shutdown of an excavator engine provided in Example 2.
  • an excavator engine coupling control device includes a main controller 1, a switch control unit 6 and an engine controller 4 that are electrically connected to each other; the main controller 1 and the switch control unit 6, the main controller 1 and the engine controller 4 are respectively connected through buses; the port CAN2H and the port CAN2L of the main controller 1 are electrically connected to the port CANL and the port CANH of the engine controller 4, respectively.
  • the switch control unit 6 includes an integrated switch panel SCU, a one-button start switch S1 and a power switch S2; the integrated switch panel SCU, the one-button start switch S1 and the power switch S2 are integrated on the control panel; the one-button start switch S1 is set as a self-reset button with redundant function.
  • the port P1 of the switch control unit 6, the one-button start switch S1, the isolation diode D1 and the port P4 of the switch control unit 6 are electrically connected in sequence; the anode of the isolation diode D1 is electrically connected to the one-button start switch S1 and the port V2 of the integrated switch panel SCU; the cathode of the isolation diode D1 is electrically connected to the port P4 of the switch control unit 6;
  • the port P1 of the switch control unit 6, the power switch S2, the isolation diode D3 and the port P2 of the switch control unit 6 are electrically connected in sequence; the anode of the isolation diode D3 is electrically connected to the port P3 of the switch control unit 6, the power switch S2 and the port V1 of the integrated switch panel SCU; the cathode of the isolation diode D3 is electrically connected to the port P2 of the switch control unit 6;
  • the cathode of the isolation diode D5 is electrically connected to the control coil of the engine starting unit 3;
  • the cathode of the isolation diode D4 is electrically connected to the normally closed contact port H1 of the emergency stop switch 5; the normally closed contact port H2 of the emergency stop switch 5 is electrically connected to the port keysw of the engine controller 4; the normally open contact port H3 of the emergency stop switch 5 is grounded; the normally open contact port H4 of the emergency stop switch 5 is electrically connected to the keysw of the engine controller 4 ; The port DI2 of the main controller is electrically connected.
  • the electronic monitor 2 is electrically connected to the main controller 1 and the switch control unit 6; the port CANH of the electronic monitor 2 is electrically connected to the port CANIH of the main controller 1 and the port CANH of the switch control unit 6; the port CANL of the electronic monitor 2 is electrically connected to the port CANIL of the main controller 1 and the port CANL of the switch control unit 6; a human-computer interaction interface is provided on the electronic monitor 2; the human-computer interaction interface is provided as a touch screen or a non-touch screen.
  • This embodiment realizes separate control of power supply control and engine start and stop by adopting independent design of power-on and start-stop switches, and further realizes intelligent start and stop control by coupling start and stop with controller.
  • the system can also realize the purpose of non-interruption of power supply by system key switch control when the engine is shut down by coupling shutdown with controller.
  • a coupling control method for an excavator engine is provided.
  • the control method provided in this embodiment can apply the control device described in Embodiment 1.
  • the coupling control method for an excavator engine includes:
  • the speed signal of the engine controller 4 is received and detected to determine the engine state; if the engine is in the stopped state, the port DO3 of the main controller outputs a high level, and reaches the port keysw of the engine controller 4 through the normally closed contact of the emergency stop switch 5, and the engine of the excavator is started through the engine controller 4; if the engine is in the running state, an early warning is sent to the electronic monitor 2 through the bus;
  • the main controller When the main controller receives the start signal of the switch control unit 6 through the bus, and the DI1 port of the main controller does not receive the start signal of the switch control unit 6, the emergency state is sent to the electronic monitor 2 through the bus; the start and stop operation is selected by the electronic monitor 2.
  • the one-button start switch S2 When the engine is turned off, the one-button start switch S2 is disconnected, and the port P3 of the switch control unit 6 transmits the shutdown signal to the DI1 port of the main controller, and receives and detects the speed signal of the engine controller to determine the engine state; if the engine is in the running state, the port DO3 of the main controller is controlled to be powered off, and the engine of the excavator is controlled to be turned off through the engine controller 4; if the engine is in the stopped state, an early warning is sent to the electronic monitor 2 through the bus.
  • the emergency stop signal is received by the port DI2 of the main controller, and the speed signal of the engine controller 4 is received and detected to determine the engine status; if the engine is in operation, the emergency shutdown status is sent to the electronic monitor 2 through the main controller; after confirming the emergency shutdown of the engine through the redundant shutdown mode of the electronic monitor 2, the emergency stop command is sent to the engine controller through the bus between the engine controller 4 and the main controller to control the emergency shutdown of the engine.
  • the coil of the emergency mode relay 8 When the main controller fails, the coil of the emergency mode relay 8 is de-energized, and the normally closed contact of the emergency mode relay 8 is in a closed state.
  • the start/stop signal sent by the switch control unit 6 reaches the port keysw of the engine controller 4 through the emergency mode relay 8 and the emergency stop switch 5.
  • the port P2 of the switch control unit 6 is connected to the coil of the starting unit 3 through the normally closed contact of the safety relay, and is switched to the switch control unit 6 to directly control the engine.
  • the power switch and one-button start/stop switch of the switch control unit 6 directly control the start and shutdown of the engine.
  • This embodiment constructs a multi-level redundant design, adopts an engine shutdown control port and bus redundant control, so that when the emergency stop switch is abnormal, the instrument can control the controller through the human-machine interaction interface to achieve emergency shutdown through the bus.
  • an emergency mode relay is also set.
  • the controller fails, the power supply and start circuit can be switched through the contact state conversion of the safety relay, and the start-stop circuit can be switched from coupling control to direct control, so that the system can still start the engine through the start-stop switch after the controller fails, and perform some emergency action control, thereby improving the reliability of the start-stop control system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置及方法，包括：包括相互电性连接的主控制器、开关控制单元和发动机控制器；所述主控制器和开关控制单元、主控制器和发动机控制器分别通过总线连接；所述主控制器上连接有电子监控器、急停开关和应急模式继电器；通过采用上电和启停开关独立设计，实现电源控制和发动机启停分离控制，进一步通过控制器耦合启停实现启停控制的智能化，同时系统还可以通过控制器耦合熄火实现熄火时系统钥匙开关控制电不断电的目的；当控制器故障时可以通过安全继电器的触点状态转换来切换电源和启动回路，通过应急模式继电器可以实现启停回路从耦合控制向直接控制的切换，提升启停控制系统的可靠性。

Description

一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于挖掘机电气控制技术领域，具体涉及挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置及方法。
背景技术
随着智能化技术的发展，传统的挖掘机电气系统已无法较好的满足智能化发展需求，挖掘机启停控制系统通过新型的智能架构实现耦合智能控制，从而真正实现用软件定义智能化产品的目标，通过发展智能化技术能够大幅提升产品的竞争力。
现有的技术主要存在两种技术路线，其中一种是通过钥匙开关直接驱动启动或者熄火，这种系统电气原理较简单，可靠性较好，但是其智能化程度较差，不能实现智能启停，也无法实现断电和熄火的异步控制，对于只熄火不断电的需求无法满足。另外一种通过可控制器耦合启动的控制系统可以解决启动智能控制，但是熄火的是采用钥匙开关或其他开关模块直接驱动熄火，也不具备异步熄火条件，但是控制方式无冗余，在控制器失效时容易造成发动机误熄火从而导致控制风险，或者控制器失效时无法紧急启停发动机实现避险操作，功能安全设计不能达到安全要求。
发明内容.
本发明的目的在于提供一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置及方法，以实现断电和熄火的异步控制，同时能够紧急启停发动机实现避险操作。
为达到上述目的，第一方面本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，包括相互电性连接的主控制器、开关控制单元和发动机控制 器；所述主控制器和开关控制单元、主控制器和发动机控制器分别通过总线连接；
开关控制单元的端口P4电性连接应急模式继电器的第一组常闭触点和电源继电器的线圈，所述应急模式继电器的第一组常闭触点与隔离二极管D4的负极电性连接；所述隔离二极管D4的正极与所述主控制器的端口DO2电性连接；所述开关控制单元的端口P2电性连接应急模式继电器的第二组常闭触点电性连接；所述应急模式继电器的第二组常闭触点与隔离二极管D5的负极电性连接；所述隔离二极管D5的正极与所述主控制器的端口DO1电性连接；所述开关控制单元的端口P3与所述主控制器的端口DI1电性连接；所述应急模式继电器的线圈与所述主控制器的端口DO3电性连接；所述开关控制单元的端口P1接电源正极；
所述隔离二极管D5的负极与发动机启动单元的控制线圈电性连接；
所述隔离二极管D4的负极与急停开关的常闭触点端口H1电性连接；所述急停开关的常闭触点端口H2与所述发动机控制器的端口keysw电性连接；所述急停开关的常开触点端口H3接地；所述急停开关的常开触点端口H4与主控制器的端口DI2电性连接。
优选的，所述主控制器的端口CAN2H和端口CAN2L分别与发动机控制器的端口CANL和端口CANH电性连接。
优选的，电子监控器电性连接至所述主控制器和开关控制单元；所述电子监控器的端口CANH电性连接至主控制器的端口CANIH和开关控制单元的端口CANH；所述电子监控器的端口CANL电性连接至主控制器的端口CANIL和开关控制单元的端口CANL。
优选的，所述电子监控器上设置有人机交互界面。
优选的，所述人机交互界面设置为触控屏。
优选的，所述开关控制单元包括集成开关面板SCU、一键启动开关S1和电源开关S2；
开关控制单元的端口P1、一键启动开关S1、隔离二极管D1和开关控制单元的端口P4依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D1的阳极电性连接至所述一键启动开关S1和集成开关面板SCU的端口V2；所述隔离二极管D1的阴极与开关控制单元的端口P4电性连接；
开关控制单元的端口P1、电源开关S2、隔离二极管D3和开关控制单元的端口P2依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D3阳极电性连接开关控制单元的端口P3、电源开关S2和集成开关面板SCU的端口V1；所述隔离二极管D3阴极电性连接开关控制单元的端口P2；
开关控制单元的端口P4、隔离二极管D2和集成开关面板SCU的端口V3依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D2的阴极电性连接开关控制单元的端口P4，所述隔离二极管D2的阳极电性连接集成开关面板SCU的端口V3；集成开关面板SCU的端口CANH和端口CANL设置为开关控制单元的端口CANH和端口CANL。
优选的，所述集成开关面板SCU、一键启动开关S1和电源开关S2集成于控制面板上。
优选的，所述一键启动开关S1设置为具备冗余功能的自复位按键。
第二方面本发明提供了一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制方法，包括：
当开关控制单元的电源开关S1闭合后挖掘机系统上电，闭合一键启动开关S2，
当开关控制单元的端口P3传递启动信号至主控制器的DI1端口时，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于停止状态，由主控制器的端口DO3输出高电平，并通过急停开关的常闭触点到达发动机控制器的端口keysw，通过发动机控制器启动挖掘机的发动机；若发动机处于运转状态，通过总线发送预警到电子监控器；
当主控制器通过总线接收到开关控制单元的启动信号，并且主控制器的DI1端口未接收到开关控制单元的启动信号，通过总线发送应急状态到电子监控器；通过电子监控器选择的启停操作。
优选的，当对发动机熄火时，断开一键启动开关S2，开关控制单元的端口P3传递熄火信号至主控制器的DI1端口时，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于运转状态，控制主控制器的端口DO3断电，通过发动机控制器控制挖掘机的发动机熄火；若发动机处于停止状态，通过总线发送预警到电子监控器。
优选的，当急停开关按下，由主控制器的端口DI2接收急停信号，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于运转状态，通过主控制器发送应急熄火状态至电子监控器；通过电子监控器的冗余熄火模式确认发动机紧急熄火后，通过发动机控制器和主控制器之间的总线向发动机控制器发送紧急停机指令控制发动机紧急熄火。
优选的，当主控制器失效时，控制应急模式继电器线圈失电，应急模式继电器常闭触点位于闭合状态，由开关控制单元发送的启停信号通过应急模式继电器和急停开关到达发动机控制器的端口keysw，同时开关控制单元的端口P2通过安全继电器的常闭触点和启动单元线圈连接，转换到开关控制单元直接控制 发动机，通过开关控制单元的电源开关和一键启停开关直接控制发动机启动和熄火。
与现有技术相比，本发明所达到的有益效果：
本发明通过采用上电和启停开关独立设计，实现电源控制和发动机启停分离控制，进一步通过控制器耦合启停实现启停控制的智能化，同时系统还可以通过控制器耦合熄火实现熄火时系统钥匙开关控制电不断电的目的。
本发明构建了多级冗余设计，采用发动机熄火控制端口和总线冗余控制，实现急停开关异常时仪表可以通过人机交互界面操控控制器通过总线实现紧急熄火，同时还设置了应急模式继电器，当控制器故障时可以通过安全继电器的触点状态转换来切换电源和启动回路，可以实现启停回路从耦合控制向直接控制的切换，从而实现控制器故障后系统通过启停开关仍可以启动发动机，进行一些紧急动作控制，从而提升启停控制系统的可靠性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1提供的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置的结构图；
图2是实施例1提供的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置的电路图；
图3是实施例1提供的开关控制单元的电路图；
图4是实施例1提供的控制面板的结构图；
图5是实施例2提供的挖掘机发动机启动的流程图；
图6是实施例2提供的挖掘机发动机的冗余熄火流程图；
图7是实施例2提供的挖掘机发动机的应急熄火流程图。
图中，1、主控制器；2、电子监控器；3、启动单元；4、发动机控制器；5、急停开关；6、开关控制单元；7、电源继电器；8、应急模式继电器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图中所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明而不是要求本发明必须以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。本发明描述中使用的术语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”、“下”指的是附图中的方向，术语“内”、“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。
实施例1
如图1至图4所示，一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，包括相互电性连接的主控制器1、开关控制单元6和发动机控制器4；所述主控制器1和开关控制单元6、主控制器1和发动机控制器4分别通过总线连接；所述主控制器1的端口CAN2H和端口CAN2L分别与发动机控制器4的端口CANL和端口CANH电性连接。
所述开关控制单元6包括集成开关面板SCU、一键启动开关S1和电源开关S2；所述集成开关面板SCU、一键启动开关S1和电源开关S2集成于控制面板上；所述一键启动开关S1设置为具备冗余功能的自复位按键。
开关控制单元6的端口P1、一键启动开关S1、隔离二极管D1和开关控制单元6的端口P4依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D1的阳极电性连接至所述一键启动开关S1和集成开关面板SCU的端口V2；所述隔离二极管D1的阴极与开关控制单元6的端口P4电性连接；
开关控制单元6的端口P1、电源开关S2、隔离二极管D3和开关控制单元6的端口P2依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D3阳极电性连接开关控制单元6的端口P3、电源开关S2和集成开关面板SCU的端口V1；所述隔离二极管D3阴极电性连接开关控制单元6的端口P2；
开关控制单元6的端口P4、隔离二极管D2和集成开关面板SCU的端口V3依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D2的阴极电性连接开关控制单元6的端口P4，所述隔离二极管D2的阳极电性连接集成开关面板SCU的端口V3；集成开关面板SCU的端口CANH和端口CANL设置为开关控制单元6的端口CANH和端口CANL。
开关控制单元6的端口P4电性连接应急模式继电器8的第一组常闭触点和电源继电器7的线圈，所述应急模式继电器8的第一组常闭触点与隔离二极管D4的负极电性连接；所述隔离二极管D4的正极与所述主控制器的端口DO2电性连接；所述开关控制单元6的端口P2电性连接应急模式继电器8的第二组常闭触点电性连接；所述应急模式继电器8的第二组常闭触点与隔离二极管D5的负极电性连接；所述隔离二极管D5的正极与所述主控制器的端口DO1电性连接；所述开关控制单元6的端口P3与所述主控制器的端口DI1电性连接；所述应急模式继电器8的线圈与所述主控制器的端口DO3电性连接；所述开关控制单元6的端口P1接电源正极；
所述隔离二极管D5的负极与发动机启动单元3的控制线圈电性连接；
所述隔离二极管D4的负极与急停开关5的常闭触点端口H1电性连接；所述急停开关5的常闭触点端口H2与所述发动机控制器4的端口keysw电性连接；所述急停开关5的常开触点端口H3接地；所述急停开关5的常开触点端口H4与 主控制器的端口DI2电性连接。
电子监控器2电性连接至所述主控制器1和开关控制单元6；所述电子监控器2的端口CANH电性连接至主控制器1的端口CANIH和开关控制单元6的端口CANH；所述电子监控器2的端口CANL电性连接至主控制器1的端口CANIL和开关控制单元6的端口CANL；所述电子监控器2上设置有人机交互界面；所述人机交互界面设置为触控屏或非触控屏。
本实施例通过采用上电和启停开关独立设计，实现电源控制和发动机启停分离控制，进一步通过控制器耦合启停实现启停控制的智能化，同时系统还可以通过控制器耦合熄火实现熄火时系统钥匙开关控制电不断电的目的。
实施例2
如图5至图7所示，一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制方法，本实施例提供的控制方法可以应用实施例1所述的控制装置，挖掘机发动机耦合控制方法包括：
当开关控制单元6的电源开关S1闭合后挖掘机系统上电，闭合一键启动开关S2，
当开关控制单元6的端口P3传递启动信号至主控制器的DI1端口时，接收并检测发动机控制器4的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于停止状态，由主控制器的端口DO3输出高电平，并通过急停开关5的常闭触点到达发动机控制器4的端口keysw，通过发动机控制器4启动挖掘机的发动机；若发动机处于运转状态，通过总线发送预警到电子监控器2；
当主控制器通过总线接收到开关控制单元6的启动信号，并且主控制器的DI1端口未接收到开关控制单元6的启动信号，通过总线发送应急状态到电子监控器2；通过电子监控器2选择的启停操作。
当对发动机熄火时，断开一键启动开关S2，开关控制单元6的端口P3传递熄火信号至主控制器的DI1端口时，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于运转状态，控制主控制器的端口DO3断电，通过发动机控制器4控制挖掘机的发动机熄火；若发动机处于停止状态，通过总线发送预警到电子监控器2。
当急停开关5按下，由主控制器的端口DI2接收急停信号，接收并检测发动机控制器4的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于运转状态，通过主控制器发送应急熄火状态至电子监控器2；通过电子监控器2的冗余熄火模式确认发动机紧急熄火后，通过发动机控制器4和主控制器之间的总线向发动机控制器发送紧急停机指令控制发动机紧急熄火。
当主控制器失效时，控制应急模式继电器8线圈失电，应急模式继电器8常闭触点位于闭合状态，由开关控制单元6发送的启停信号通过应急模式继电器8和急停开关5到达发动机控制器4的端口keysw，同时开关控制单元6的端口P2通过安全继电器的常闭触点和启动单元3的线圈连接，转换到开关控制单元6直接控制发动机，通过开关控制单元6的电源开关和一键启停开关直接控制发动机启动和熄火。
本实施例构建了多级冗余设计，采用发动机熄火控制端口和总线冗余控制，实现急停开关异常时仪表可以通过人机交互界面操控控制器通过总线实现紧急熄火，同时还设置了应急模式继电器，当控制器故障时可以通过安全继电器的触点状态转换来切换电源和启动回路，可以实现启停回路从耦合控制向直接控制的切换，从而实现控制器故障后系统通过启停开关仍可以启动发动机，进行一些紧急动作控制，从而提升启停控制系统的可靠性
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，其特征在于，包括相互电性连接的主控制器、开关控制单元和发动机控制器；所述主控制器和开关控制单元、主控制器和发动机控制器分别通过总线连接；
    开关控制单元的端口P4电性连接应急模式继电器的第一组常闭触点和电源继电器的线圈，所述应急模式继电器的第一组常闭触点与隔离二极管D4的负极电性连接；所述隔离二极管D4的正极与所述主控制器的端口DO2电性连接；所述开关控制单元的端口P2电性连接应急模式继电器的第二组常闭触点电性连接；所述应急模式继电器的第二组常闭触点与隔离二极管D5的负极电性连接；所述隔离二极管D5的正极与所述主控制器的端口DO1电性连接；所述开关控制单元的端口P3与所述主控制器的端口DI1电性连接；所述应急模式继电器的线圈与所述主控制器的端口DO3电性连接；所述开关控制单元的端口P1接电源正极；
    所述隔离二极管D5的负极与发动机启动单元的控制线圈电性连接；
    所述隔离二极管D4的负极与急停开关的常闭触点端口H1电性连接；所述急停开关的常闭触点端口H2与所述发动机控制器的端口keysw电性连接；所述急停开关的常开触点端口H3接地；所述急停开关的常开触点端口H4与主控制器的端口DI2电性连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，其特征在于，所述主控制器的端口CAN2H和端口CAN2L分别与发动机控制器的端口CANL和端口CANH电性连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，其特征在于，电子监 控器电性连接至所述主控制器和开关控制单元；所述电子监控器的端口CANH电性连接至主控制器的端口CANIH和开关控制单元的端口CANH；所述电子监控器的端口CANL电性连接至主控制器的端口CANIL和开关控制单元的端口CANL。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，其特征在于，所述开关控制单元包括集成开关面板SCU、一键启动开关S1和电源开关S2；
    开关控制单元的端口P1、一键启动开关S1、隔离二极管D1和开关控制单元的端口P4依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D1的阳极电性连接至所述一键启动开关S1和集成开关面板SCU的端口V2；所述隔离二极管D1的阴极与开关控制单元的端口P4电性连接；
    开关控制单元的端口P1、电源开关S2、隔离二极管D3和开关控制单元的端口P2依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D3阳极电性连接开关控制单元的端口P3、电源开关S2和集成开关面板SCU的端口V1；所述隔离二极管D3阴极电性连接开关控制单元的端口P2；
    开关控制单元的端口P4、隔离二极管D2和集成开关面板SCU的端口V3依次电性连接；所述隔离二极管D2的阴极电性连接开关控制单元的端口P4，所述隔离二极管D2的阳极电性连接集成开关面板SCU的端口V3；集成开关面板SCU的端口CANH和端口CANL设置为开关控制单元的端口CANH和端口CANL。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，其特征在于，所述集成开关面板SCU、一键启动开关S1和电源开关S2集成于控制面板上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置，其特征在于，所述一键启动开关S1设置为具备冗余功能的自复位按键。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的挖掘机发动机耦合控制装置的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    当开关控制单元的电源开关S1闭合后挖掘机系统上电，闭合一键启动开关S2，
    当开关控制单元的端口P3传递启动信号至主控制器的DI1端口时，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于停止状态，由主控制器的端口DO3输出高电平，并通过急停开关的常闭触点到达发动机控制器的端口keysw，通过发动机控制器启动挖掘机的发动机；若发动机处于运转状态，通过总线发送预警到电子监控器；
    当主控制器通过总线接收到开关控制单元的启动信号，并且主控制器的DI1端口未接收到开关控制单元的启动信号，通过总线发送应急状态到电子监控器；通过电子监控器选择的启停操作。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：当对发动机熄火时，断开一键启动开关S2，开关控制单元的端口P3传递熄火信号至主控制器的DI1端口时，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于运转状态，控制主控制器的端口DO3断电，通过发动机控制器控制挖掘机的发动机熄火；若发动机处于停止状态，通过总线发送预警到电子监控器。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：当急停开关按下，由主控制器的端口DI2接收急停信号，接收并检测发动机控制器的转速信号判断发动机状态；若发动机处于运转状态，通过主控制器发送应急熄火状态至电子监控器；通过电子监控器的冗余熄火模式确认发动机紧急熄火后，通过发动机控制器和主控制器之间的总线向发动机控制器发送紧急停机指令控制发动机 紧急熄火。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：当主控制器失效时，控制应急模式继电器线圈失电，应急模式继电器常闭触点位于闭合状态，由开关控制单元发送的启停信号通过应急模式继电器和急停开关到达发动机控制器的端口keysw，同时开关控制单元的端口P2通过安全继电器的常闭触点和启动单元线圈连接，转换到开关控制单元直接控制发动机，通过开关控制单元的电源开关和一键启停开关直接控制发动机启动和熄火。
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