WO2025116265A1 - 전고체 전지 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
전고체 전지 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025116265A1 WO2025116265A1 PCT/KR2024/015355 KR2024015355W WO2025116265A1 WO 2025116265 A1 WO2025116265 A1 WO 2025116265A1 KR 2024015355 W KR2024015355 W KR 2024015355W WO 2025116265 A1 WO2025116265 A1 WO 2025116265A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an all-solid-state battery and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Representative examples include metal-air batteries with much larger theoretical capacity than lithium secondary batteries, all-solid-state batteries with no risk of explosion in terms of safety, supercapacitors for output, NaS batteries or RFBs (redox flow batteries) for large-scale applications, and thin film batteries for miniaturization, all of which are being continuously researched in academia and industry.
- An all-solid-state battery is a battery that replaces the liquid electrolyte used in conventional lithium secondary batteries with a solid one, and since it does not use a flammable solvent in the battery, there is no risk of ignition or explosion due to decomposition reactions of conventional electrolytes, so safety can be greatly improved.
- Li metal or Li alloy can be used as the negative electrode material, there is an advantage in that the energy density for the mass and volume of the battery can be dramatically improved.
- a cell is manufactured through a process of manufacturing a laminate by sequentially laminating a cathode, a solid electrolyte layer, and an anode, and a process of arranging the laminate and then pressurizing an outer body.
- the electrodes and solid electrolyte layers used in an all-solid-state battery are not all the same size. Therefore, cracks may occur at the ends due to the size difference between the electrodes or solid electrolyte layers in the pressurizing process.
- the cathode is not hard and has a characteristic of being widely spreadable due to the binder contained therein. Therefore, when pressing in one direction in the pressurizing process, a part of the cathode may be pushed to a part where the force is not applied, causing it to stretch unevenly, and the performance of the cell may deteriorate.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to conventional technology.
- a unit cell (100) of an all-solid-state battery according to the prior art has a structure in which a cathode current collector (111), a cathode active material layer (112), a solid electrolyte layer (120), and a cathode layer (130) are sequentially laminated.
- a stack cell (200) is formed by laminating a plurality of unit cells (100), and may be formed by, for example, laminating two or more unit cells (100).
- the area of the cathode layer (110) including the cathode current collector (111) and the cathode active material layer (112) is smaller than that of the adjacent solid electrolyte layer (120), so that it is not easy to align the solid electrolyte layer (120) on the cathode layer (110), and thus a miss-align may occur.
- a crack (C) may occur in the solid electrolyte layer (120) due to a difference in the area between the adjacent positive electrode active material layer (112) and the solid electrolyte layer (120), and if the stacked structure itself collapses (D), contact between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer may occur.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Publication No. 2022-186164
- the present inventors have conducted a multifaceted study to solve the above problems and, as a result, have confirmed that in an all-solid-state battery including a unit cell or a stack cell in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked, the cathode active material layer having a relatively small size among the unit cells including a cathode current collector, a cathode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and an anode layer is surrounded by the cathode current collector and the solid electrolyte layer, thereby preventing problems such as the occurrence of cracks or stretching of the cathode during the pressurizing process by preventing structural stability by eliminating size deviations among the components included in the unit cell.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an all-solid-state battery having secured structural stability and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention is an all-solid-state battery including a unit cell
- the above unit cell includes an anode layer, a solid electrolyte layer formed on the anode layer, and a cathode layer formed on the solid electrolyte layer.
- the above positive electrode layer comprises a positive electrode current collector having a receiving portion formed to receive a portion of the positive electrode active material layer, and a positive electrode active material layer received in the receiving portion.
- the above solid electrolyte layer is formed in contact with the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer, thereby providing an all-solid-state battery.
- an all-solid-state battery is provided, wherein the height of the receiving portion is smaller than the height of the positive electrode active material layer.
- a part of the side surface of the positive electrode active material layer is in contact with the positive electrode current collector, and a part of the side surface is in contact with the solid electrolyte layer.
- An all-solid-state battery is provided, wherein a portion of the positive electrode active material layer in contact with the positive electrode current collector is smaller than a portion in contact with the solid electrolyte layer.
- the negative electrode layer includes a negative electrode current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector,
- An all-solid-state battery is provided, wherein the negative active material layer is laminated so as to be in contact with the solid electrolyte layer.
- the negative electrode layer includes a negative electrode current collector; and a non-cathode coating layer formed on the negative electrode current collector,
- An all-solid-state battery is provided, wherein the above-mentioned non-cathode coating layer is laminated so as to be in contact with the above-mentioned solid electrolyte layer.
- an all-solid-state battery is provided, wherein two or more unit cells are stacked.
- the present invention also comprises the steps of: (S1) forming a positive electrode active material layer on a positive electrode current collector having a receiving portion formed to receive a portion of the positive electrode active material layer;
- (S4) A method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery is provided, including a unit cell manufacturing process including a step of bonding the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode layer by applying pressure in the direction in which they are laminated.
- a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery wherein the pressure is 400 MPa to 700 MPa.
- the unit cell included in the all-solid-state battery of the present invention has a structure in which a cathode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and an anode layer are sequentially laminated, such that a relatively small cathode active material layer is surrounded by a cathode current collector and a solid electrolyte layer, so that the cross-sectional area of the unit cell is constant and structurally stable, thereby having the effect of preventing the occurrence of cracks even during a pressurizing process.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to conventional technology.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figures 3a to 3d are schematic diagrams showing the cross-sectional structures of all-solid-state batteries manufactured in examples and comparative examples.
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the experimental results on the life characteristics of all-solid-state batteries manufactured in examples and comparative examples.
- Figures 5a to 5c show scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of cross-sections of all-solid-state batteries manufactured in examples and comparative examples.
- the present invention relates to an all-solid-state battery.
- An all-solid-state battery comprises a unit cell, wherein the unit cell comprises a cathode layer, a solid electrolyte layer formed on the cathode layer, and a cathode layer formed on the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the cathode layer comprises a cathode current collector having a receiving portion formed therein in which a portion of the cathode active material layer is received, and a cathode active material layer received in the receiving portion, and the solid electrolyte layer is formed in contact with the cathode current collector and the cathode active material layer.
- the above unit cell has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the cross-sectional areas of the positive electrode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode layer are equal.
- the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode layer may be the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode current collector, the cross-sectional area of a portion including the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector in contact with the positive electrode active material layer, or the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer in contact with the positive electrode active material layer.
- the unit cell does not include any heterogeneous materials or empty spaces other than the positive electrode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode layer, problems such as structural instability or deterioration of battery performance due to heterogeneous materials or empty spaces can be prevented. Accordingly, the unit cell of the all-solid-state battery may be composed of the positive electrode layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode layer.
- two or more unit cells may be stacked.
- the stack cell in which two or more of the above unit cells are stacked, it also does not contain any heterogeneous materials or empty spaces.
- the stack cell may also have a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of an all-solid-state battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the all-solid-state battery (10) may be in the form of a stack cell (200) in which two unit cells (100) are stacked.
- the positive electrode active material layer (112) is relatively small in size compared to the solid electrolyte layer (120) and the negative electrode layer (130).
- the positive electrode current collector (111) includes a body portion (111a) and a receiving portion (111b) in which a positive electrode active material layer (112) is received.
- the receiving portion (111b) is formed in a negative shape on the body portion (111a).
- a portion of the positive electrode active material layer (112) is received in the receiving portion (111b).
- the positive electrode active material layer (112) received in the receiving portion (111b) is surrounded by the positive electrode current collector (111).
- the length (H1) of the side in contact with the positive electrode current collector (111) may be smaller than the length (H2) of the side in contact with the solid electrolyte layer (120). If the length (H1) of the side in contact with the positive electrode current collector (111) is large, the possibility of contact with the negative electrode layer (130) increases, which may cause a short circuit.
- the remaining positive electrode active material layer (112) that is not accommodated in the receiving portion (111b) is surrounded by the solid electrolyte layer (120).
- the solid electrolyte layer (120) is formed on the positive electrode active material layer (112).
- the solid electrolyte layer (120) is formed in a form that surrounds the remaining positive electrode active material layer (112) that is not accommodated in the receiving portion (111b) among the positive electrode active material layers (112). Accordingly, the solid electrolyte layer (120) is also formed on the body portion (111a) of the positive electrode current collector (111) except for the receiving portion (111b).
- the step due to the size difference is compensated for, so that the unit cell (100) has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. Accordingly, the stack cell (200) in which the unit cells (100) are stacked also has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the height of the receiving portion may be smaller than the height of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the height of the receiving portion may be preferably smaller than the height of the positive electrode active material layer. Since the positive electrode active material layer is accommodated in the above-mentioned receiving portion, the positive electrode active material layer is fixed by the positive electrode active material layer, so there is an effect of preventing the positive electrode from stretching during the pressurizing process.
- a part of a side surface of the positive electrode active material layer is in contact with the positive electrode current collector and a part of the side surface is in contact with the solid electrolyte layer, and the length of the side surface of the positive electrode active material layer in contact with the positive electrode current collector may be smaller than the length in contact with the solid electrolyte layer.
- a part of the side surface of the positive electrode active material layer is accommodated in the receiving portion of the positive electrode current collector and comes into contact with the positive electrode current collector, and the remaining part comes into contact with the solid electrolyte layer. If the length of the side surface of the positive electrode active material layer in contact with the positive electrode current collector is longer than the length in contact with the solid electrolyte layer, the probability of the positive electrode current collector coming into contact with the negative electrode increases, which may cause a short circuit.
- the positive electrode layer includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the above positive electrode current collector supports the positive electrode active material layer and serves to transfer electrons between the external conductor and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high electronic conductivity without causing chemical changes in the all-solid-state battery.
- aluminum, nickel, titanium, palladium, calcined carbon, copper, stainless steel, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used as the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector may have a fine rough structure on the surface of the positive electrode current collector or may adopt a three-dimensional porous structure in order to strengthen the bonding strength with the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector may include various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a mesh, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a non-woven fabric.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material layer may be formed with an area smaller than that of the positive electrode current collector and may be positioned on the positive electrode current collector.
- the above positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a solid electrolyte.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt oxide
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickel oxide
- a layered compound including one or more; wherein M' is one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, and B, and A is one or more selected from the group consisting of P, F, S, and N; or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium manganese oxides such as Li 1+y Mn 2-y O 4 (wherein, y is 0 to 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 ; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxides such as LiV 3 O 8 , LiFe 3 O 4 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Ni-site type lithium nickel oxide represented by the chemical formula LiNi 1-y MyO 2 (wherein, M Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B or Ga, and y is 0.01 to 0.3); lithium manganese composite oxide represented by the chemical formula LiMn 2-y M y O 2 (wherein, M is Co, Ni,
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 60 to 80 wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 60 wt%, 65 wt% or more, or 68 wt% or more, and may be 72 wt% or less, 75 wt% or less, or 80 wt% or less. If the content of the positive electrode active material is less than 60 wt%, battery performance may deteriorate, and if it is more than 80 wt%, mass transfer resistance may increase.
- the solid electrolyte may have an argyrodite structure, and specifically, may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a halide-based solid electrolyte, or an oxide-based solid electrolyte.
- the above sulfide-based solid electrolyte may include a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 or a mixture thereof:
- M is selected from P, Sn, Sb, As, and Ge;
- X is selected from Cl, Br and I,
- the above halide-based solid electrolyte may be represented by the following chemical formula 2:
- M is a metal other than Li
- a is 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2
- b is 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 6
- the halide solid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 3 YBr 6 , Li 3 YCl 6 , and Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4 .
- the above oxide-based solid electrolyte may be appropriately selected and used, including, but not limited to, an LLT system having a perovskite structure such as Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3 , a LISICON system such as Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 , a LATP system such as Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , a LAGP system such as (Li 1+x Ge 2-x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 ), and a phosphate system such as LiPON.
- an LLT system having a perovskite structure such as Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3
- a LISICON system such as Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4
- a LATP system such as Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3
- LAGP system such as (Li 1+x Ge 2-x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 )
- a phosphate system such as LiPON.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it prevents side reactions in the internal environment of the all-solid-state battery, does not cause chemical changes in the battery, and has excellent electrical conductivity.
- Representative examples thereof include graphite or conductive carbon, and for example, graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, Denka black, thermal black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; carbon-based materials having a crystal structure of graphene or graphite; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; fluorinated carbon; metal powders such as aluminum powder and nickel powder; conductive whiskey such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives; may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the conductive material may include vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF).
- the conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer, and specifically, the content of the conductive material may be 1 wt% or more, 1.5 wt% or more, or 2 wt% or more, and 4 wt% or less, 4.5 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less. If the content of the conductive material is too small, less than 1 wt%, it may be difficult to expect an effect of improving electrical conductivity or the electrochemical characteristics of the battery may deteriorate, and if it exceeds 5 wt% and is too large, the amount of the positive electrode active material may be relatively small, which may lower the capacity and energy density.
- the method of including the conductive material in the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and a conventional method known in the art, such as mixing or coating with the positive electrode active material, may be used.
- the binder is a component that assists in the bonding of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and the bonding to the current collector, and is selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer, acrylic rubber, butyl rubber, fluorine rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, polybutadiene, polyethylene oxide, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyepichlorohydrin, polyphosphazene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, latex, acrylic resin,
- the binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polyimide, polycarboxylate, polycarboxylic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, lithium polyacrylate, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropene.
- the binder may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 4 wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer, and specifically, the content of the binder may be 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, or 1.5 wt% or more, and 3 wt% or less, 3.5 wt% or less, or 4 wt% or less. If the content of the binder is less than 0.5 wt%, the adhesive strength between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector may be reduced, and if it exceeds 4 wt%, the adhesive strength may be improved, but the content of the positive electrode active material may be reduced, which may lower the battery capacity.
- the solid electrolyte layer may be wider than the area of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the area of the solid electrolyte layer and the area of the positive electrode active material layer mean the area when the solid electrolyte layer and the positive electrode active material layer are viewed from above.
- the lithium ion transfer area increases, which can be advantageous in terms of ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte layer may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a halide-based solid electrolyte, or an oxide-based solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte layer may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte having an argyrodite-type crystal structure.
- the above sulfide-based solid electrolyte may include a compound represented by the following chemical formula 1 or a mixture thereof:
- M is selected from P, Sn, Sb, As, and Ge;
- the above A is selected from S, Se and Te,
- X is selected from Cl, Br and I,
- the above halide-based solid electrolyte may be represented by the following chemical formula 2:
- M is a metal other than Li
- a is 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2
- b is 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 6
- the halide solid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 3 YBr 6 , Li 3 YCl 6 , and Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 4 .
- the above oxide-based solid electrolyte may be appropriately selected and used, including, but not limited to, an LLT system having a perovskite structure such as Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3 , a LISICON system such as Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 , a LATP system such as Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , a LAGP system such as (Li 1+x Ge 2-x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 ), and a phosphate system such as LiPON.
- an LLT system having a perovskite structure such as Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3
- a LISICON system such as Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4
- a LATP system such as Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3
- LAGP system such as (Li 1+x Ge 2-x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 )
- a phosphate system such as LiPON.
- the negative electrode layer includes a negative electrode current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer may be laminated so as to be in contact with the solid electrolyte layer.
- the cathode layer may include a cathode current collector; and a non-cathode coating layer formed on the cathode current collector, and the non-cathode coating layer may be laminated so as to be in contact with the solid electrolyte layer.
- the above negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material.
- the above negative electrode active material may include a material capable of reversibly intercalating or deintercalating lithium (Li + ), a material capable of reversibly forming a lithium-containing compound by reacting with lithium ions, lithium metal, or a lithium alloy.
- the material capable of reversibly inserting or de-inserting the lithium ion (Li + ) may be, for example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a mixture thereof.
- the material capable of reversibly forming a lithium-containing compound by reacting with the lithium ion (Li + ) may be, for example, tin oxide, titanium nitrate, or silicon.
- the lithium alloy may be, for example, an alloy of a metal selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li) and indium (In), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), francium (Fr), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), aluminum (Al), and tin (Sn).
- a metal selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li) and indium (In), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), francium (Fr), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), aluminum (Al), and tin (Sn).
- the negative active material may be lithium metal or a lithium-indium alloy (Li-In), and specifically, it may be in the form of lithium metal or lithium and a thin film or a lithium-indium alloy thin film or powder.
- Li-In lithium-indium alloy
- the negative active material may be included in an amount of 40 to 80 wt% based on the total weight of the negative active material layer.
- the content of the negative active material may be 40 wt% or more or 50 wt% or more, and 70 wt% or less or 80 wt% or less. If the content of the negative active material is less than 40 wt%, the connectivity between the wet negative active material layer and the dry negative active material layer may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 80 wt%, the mass transfer resistance may increase.
- the binder is a component that assists in the bonding of the negative electrode active material and the conductive material, and the bonding to the negative electrode current collector, and is selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer, acrylic rubber, butyl rubber, fluorine rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, polybutadiene, polyethylene oxide, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyepichlorohydrin, polyphosphazene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, latex, acrylic
- the binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, polyester, polyamide, polyether, polyimide, polycarboxylate, polycarboxylic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, lithium polyacrylate, polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride, and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropene.
- the binder may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 4 wt% based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer, and specifically, the content of the binder may be 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, or 1.5 wt% or more, and 3 wt% or less, 3.5 wt% or less, or 4 wt% or less. If the content of the binder is less than 0.5 wt%, the adhesive strength between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector may be reduced, and if it exceeds 4 wt%, the adhesive strength may be improved, but the content of the negative electrode active material may be reduced, which may lower the battery capacity.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it prevents side reactions in the internal environment of the all-solid-state battery, does not cause chemical changes in the battery, and has excellent electronic conductivity.
- Representative examples thereof include graphite or conductive carbon, and for example, graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, Denka black, thermal black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; carbon-based materials having a crystal structure of graphene or graphite; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; fluorinated carbon; metal powders such as aluminum powder and nickel powder; conductive whiskey such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives; may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the conductive material may include vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF).
- the conductive material may be typically included in an amount of 1 wt% to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer, and specifically, the content of the conductive material may be 1 wt% or more, 1.5 wt% or more, or 2 wt% or more, and 4 wt% or less, 4.5 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less. If the content of the conductive material is too little, less than 1 wt%, it may be difficult to expect the effect of improving electronic conductivity or the electrochemical characteristics of the battery may deteriorate, and if it exceeds 5 wt% and is too much, the amount of the negative electrode active material may be relatively small, which may lower the capacity and energy density.
- the method of including the conductive material in the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and a conventional method known in the art, such as mixing or coating with the negative electrode active material, may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and does not cause a chemical change in the battery.
- the negative electrode current collector may be made of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like.
- the negative electrode current collector, like the positive electrode current collector may be made of various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, or non-woven fabric having fine roughness formed on the surface.
- the method for manufacturing the above negative electrode is not particularly limited, and can be manufactured by forming a negative electrode active material layer on the negative electrode current collector using a method for forming a layer or film commonly used in the art. For example, methods such as compression, coating, and deposition can be used. In addition, a case in which a battery is assembled without a lithium thin film on the negative electrode current collector and then a metallic lithium thin film is formed on a metal plate by initial charging is also included in the negative electrode of the present invention.
- the non-cathode coating layer does not include a negative active material, and a negative active material may be formed in the non-cathode coating layer by charging.
- a negative active material may be formed in the non-cathode coating layer by charging.
- lithium ions may move from the positive electrode and lithium metal may be precipitated from the negative electrode.
- the non-cathode coating layer may be a film that induces lithium precipitation.
- the above-mentioned cathode-free coating layer may include metal particles and carbon material particles, and specifically, may include a carbon material-metal composite.
- the above carbon material particles may be, for example, amorphous carbon material particles.
- the carbon material particles are not limited to amorphous particles.
- Specific examples of the amorphous carbon material include carbon black such as acetylene black, furnace black, and Ketjen black, graphene, or a combination thereof.
- the metal particles may be particles that form an alloy with lithium, and the metal particles may be at least one particle selected from silver (Ag), gold, platinum, palladium, silicon, aluminum, bismuth, tin, indium, and zinc.
- the non-cathode coating layer may be formed as a very thin film with a micro-thickness, and may be formed with a thickness of, for example, 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the non-cathode coating layer may include an Ag-C composite as a carbon material-metal composite, and upon first charging, lithium may be precipitated between the negative current collector and the coating layer including the Ag-C composite.
- the all-solid-state battery may be a pouch-type all-solid-state battery.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery.
- the method for manufacturing an all-solid-state battery according to the present invention includes a unit cell manufacturing process including the following steps (S1) to (S4):
- (S1) A step of forming a positive electrode active material layer on a positive electrode current collector having a receiving portion formed to receive a portion of the positive electrode active material layer;
- (S4) A step of bonding by applying pressure in the direction in which the positive electrode current collector, positive electrode active material layer, solid electrolyte layer, and negative electrode layer are laminated.
- the constituent materials and shapes of the positive electrode current collector, positive electrode active material layer, solid electrolyte layer, and negative electrode layer are as described above.
- a positive electrode active material layer in the step (S1), can be formed on a positive electrode current collector in which a receiving portion for receiving a portion of the positive electrode active material layer is formed.
- the above positive electrode active material layer can be manufactured by a wet process or a dry process, respectively.
- the positive electrode manufactured according to the manufacturing process of the positive electrode active material layer can be referred to as a wet positive electrode and a dry positive electrode, respectively.
- the positive electrode active material layer can be formed by applying a slurry for forming a positive electrode active material layer onto a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer can be manufactured by applying and drying a slurry for forming a positive electrode active material layer prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder in an organic solvent onto a receiving portion of a positive electrode current collector.
- an organic solvent that can uniformly disperse the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive material, and is easily evaporated.
- examples thereof include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, isopropyl alcohol, and the like.
- the positive electrode active material layer may be separately manufactured in the form of a sheet, then formed by punching it out to a size to be accommodated in the receiving portion of the positive electrode current collector and bonding it to the receiving portion of the positive electrode current collector.
- the sheet may be manufactured by a conventional method using the slurry for forming the positive electrode active material layer as described above.
- a solid electrolyte layer can be formed on the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer excluding the receiving portion.
- the above-described positive electrode current collector includes a body portion and a receiving portion engraved on the body portion.
- a positive electrode active material layer is formed on the receiving portion. Accordingly, when the above-described solid electrolyte layer is formed on the above-described positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer can also be formed on the body portion of the positive electrode current collector excluding the receiving portion.
- the above solid electrolyte layer can be manufactured by applying a slurry obtained by mixing a solid electrolyte and a binder in a solvent onto the positive electrode active material layer and then drying it.
- the above solid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a halide-based solid electrolyte, and an oxide-based solid electrolyte, as described above.
- the solid electrolyte may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte having an argyrodite-type crystal structure.
- the binder resin may include at least one selected from the group consisting of an acrylic copolymer, an acrylic block copolymer, and a random copolymer of an acrylic monomer or oligomer.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 5 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the solid electrolyte.
- the content of the binder may be 5 parts by weight or more, 7 parts by weight or more, or 9 parts by weight or more, or 11 parts by weight or less, 13 parts by weight or less, or 15 parts by weight or less. If the content of the binder is less than 5 parts by weight, it may be difficult to form a solid electrolyte layer, and if it exceeds 15 parts by weight, ionic conductivity may decrease.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve and/or disperse the solid electrolyte and/or binder to form a slurry.
- the solvent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, xylene, dimethylformamide (N,N-Dimethylmethanamide (DMF), benzene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and water.
- the amount of the solvent used may be adjusted in consideration of the coating thickness of the coating layer, the properties of the solid electrolyte to be manufactured, and the like.
- the above coating method may be bar coating, roll coating, spin coating, slit coating, die coating, blade coating, comma coating, slot die coating, lip coating or solution casting, but is not limited thereto as long as it is a method capable of forming a layer by coating.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as it is a drying method that can form a film (layer) by evaporating the solvent after application.
- the drying may be performed at 300°C or lower.
- the drying temperature may be 300°C or lower, 200°C or lower, 150°C or lower, or 100°C or lower.
- a cathode layer in the step (S3), can be formed on the solid electrolyte layer.
- the method for forming the cathode layer on the above solid electrolyte layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a method commonly practiced in the art, and a method such as lamination can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer, the solid electrolyte layer, and the negative electrode layer can be bonded by applying pressure in the direction in which they are laminated.
- step (S4) represents a process of pressurizing after manufacturing a unit cell, but pressurizing may be performed after manufacturing a stack cell, or pressurizing may be performed by placing it in an outer material.
- the above pressure may be 400 MPa to 700 MPa, and specifically, may be 400 MPa or more, 450 MPa or more, or 500 MPa or more, and 600 MPa or less, 650 MPa or less, or 700 MPa or less. If the pressure is less than 400 MPa, the pressure may be insufficient to manufacture an all-solid-state battery, or pores may remain inside the positive electrode, which may increase resistance, and if it exceeds 700 MPa, excessive pressure may be applied, causing a part of the battery to break.
- An all-solid-state battery (10) having a cross-sectional structure as shown in Fig. 3a was manufactured.
- Aluminum foil was prepared as a cathode current collector (111).
- the aluminum foil includes a body portion and a receiving portion engraved on the body portion.
- a positive electrode active material layer (112) was formed to manufacture a positive electrode layer (110).
- a slurry for forming a solid electrolyte was dip-coated on the body portion and the positive electrode active material layer (112), which are portions of the positive electrode current collector (111) excluding the receiving portion, and then dried to form a solid electrolyte layer (120).
- the slurry for forming a solid electrolyte is prepared by mixing a sulfide-based solid electrolyte having an argyrodite-based crystal structure and a rubber-based binder in a weight ratio of 1:1 and then adding the mixture to an N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the above positive electrode active material layer (112) is formed to be surrounded by the positive electrode current collector (111) and the solid electrolyte layer (120). In terms of the positive electrode active material layer (112), the length in contact with the positive electrode current collector (111) is made shorter than the length in contact with the solid electrolyte layer (120).
- a cathode layer (130) was laminated on the solid electrolyte layer (120) and pressurized at a pressure of 500 MPa to manufacture an all-solid-state battery (10) in the form of a unit cell.
- the cathode layer (130) was an anodeless one in which an Ag-C complex was formed on one surface of a Cu current collector.
- An all-solid-state battery (10) having a cross-sectional structure as shown in Fig. 3b was manufactured.
- Aluminum foil was prepared as a cathode current collector (111).
- the aluminum foil includes a body portion and a receiving portion engraved on the body portion.
- a slurry containing NMC (Ni, Co, Mn) O 2 was coated on the above-mentioned receiving portion to form a positive electrode active material layer (112), thereby manufacturing a positive electrode (110).
- a slurry for forming a solid electrolyte was dip-coated on the body portion and the positive electrode active material layer (112), which are portions of the positive electrode current collector (111) excluding the receiving portion, and then dried to form a solid electrolyte layer (120).
- the slurry for forming a solid electrolyte is prepared by mixing a sulfide-based solid electrolyte having an argyrodite-based crystal structure and a rubber-based binder in a weight ratio of 1:1 and then adding the mixture to an N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the above positive electrode active material layer (112) is formed to be surrounded by the positive electrode current collector (111) and the solid electrolyte layer (120). In terms of the positive electrode active material layer (112), the length in contact with the positive electrode current collector (111) is made shorter than the length in contact with the solid electrolyte layer (120).
- a cathode layer (130) was laminated on the solid electrolyte layer (120) and pressurized at a pressure of 500 MPa to manufacture an all-solid-state battery (10) in the form of a unit cell.
- the cathode layer was an anodeless one, in which an Ag-C complex was formed on one surface of a Cu current collector.
- the positive electrode layer (110), the solid electrolyte layer (120), and the negative electrode layer (130) After laminating the positive electrode layer (110), the solid electrolyte layer (120), and the negative electrode layer (130), a pressure of 500 MPa was applied to manufacture an all-solid-state battery (10).
- the positive electrode layer (110), the solid electrolyte layer (120), and the negative electrode layer (130) were all in the form of sheets, and their sizes were arranged in the order of positive electrode layer (110) ⁇ negative electrode layer (130) ⁇ solid electrolyte layer (120).
- the constituent materials of the positive electrode layer (110), the solid electrolyte layer (120), and the negative electrode layer (130) were the same as in Example 2.
- An all-solid-state battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the sizes of the positive electrode layer (110), the solid electrolyte layer (120), and the negative electrode layer (130) were all the same.
- the discharge capacity according to the cycle was measured under 0.33C/0.33C conditions to evaluate the life characteristics.
- Figures 5a to 5c show scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of cross-sections of all-solid-state batteries manufactured in examples and comparative examples.
- Figure 5a shows that there is no damage overall, including cracks, in the cross-section of the battery.
- 111a Body
- 111b Receptacle
- Negative electrode current collector 132: Negative electrode active material layer
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Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 단위셀을 포함하는 전고체 전지로서,상기 단위셀은 양극층, 상기 양극층 상에 형성된 고체 전해질층 및 상기 고체 전해질층 상에 형성된 음극층을 포함하되,상기 양극층은, 상기 양극 활물질층의 일부가 수용되는 수용부가 형성된 양극 집전체 및 상기 수용부에 수용된 양극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 고체 전해질층은 상기 양극 집전체 및 양극 활물질층에 접하여 형성된 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 수용부의 높이는 상기 양극 활물질층의 높이에 비해 작은 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층의 측면의 일부는 양극 집전체에 접하고, 나머지 일부는 고체 전해질층에 접하되,상기 양극 활물질층의 측면에서 양극 집전체에 접하는 부분이, 고체 전해질층에 접하는 부분에 비해 작은 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극층은 음극 집전체; 및 상기 음극 집전체 상에 형성된 음극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 음극 활물질층이 상기 고체 전해질층과 접하도록 적층된 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극층은 음극 집전체; 및 상기 음극 집전체 상에 형성된 무음극 코팅층을 포함하고,상기 무음극 코팅층이 상기 고체 전해질층과 접하도록 적층된 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 단위셀은 2개 이상 적층된 것인, 전고체 전지.
- (S1) 양극 활물질층의 일부가 수용되는 수용부가 형성된 양극 집전체 상에 양극 활물질층을 형성하는 단계;(S2) 상기 수용부를 제외한 양극 집전체 및 양극 활물질층 상에 고체 전해질층을 형성하는 단계;(S3) 상기 고체 전해질층 상에 음극층을 형성하는 단계; 및(S4) 상기 양극 집전체, 양극 활물질층, 고체 전해질층 및 음극층이 적층된 방향으로 압력을 가하여 접합하는 단계;를 포함하는 단위셀 제조 공정을 포함하는 전고체 전지의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 압력은 400 Mpa 내지 700 Mpa인 것인, 전고체 전지의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24873870.0A EP4586359A4 (en) | 2023-11-27 | 2024-10-11 | ALL-SOLID BATTERY AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| CN202480004866.1A CN120391004A (zh) | 2023-11-27 | 2024-10-11 | 全固态电池及其制造方法 |
| JP2025523950A JP2026502042A (ja) | 2023-11-27 | 2024-10-11 | 全固体電池及びその製造方法 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020230166203A KR20250079255A (ko) | 2023-11-27 | 2023-11-27 | 전고체 전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
| KR10-2023-0166203 | 2023-11-27 |
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| WO2025116265A1 true WO2025116265A1 (ko) | 2025-06-05 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4586359A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2026502042A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20250079255A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN120391004A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2025116265A1 (ko) |
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| US11101497B2 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2021-08-24 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | All-solid state secondary battery and method for manufacturing same |
| JP6944953B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-16 | 2021-10-06 | 日立造船株式会社 | 全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
| JP7046185B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-18 | 2022-04-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 固体電池用正極、固体電池用正極の製造方法、および固体電池 |
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2023
- 2023-11-27 KR KR1020230166203A patent/KR20250079255A/ko active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-10-11 JP JP2025523950A patent/JP2026502042A/ja active Pending
- 2024-10-11 EP EP24873870.0A patent/EP4586359A4/en active Pending
- 2024-10-11 WO PCT/KR2024/015355 patent/WO2025116265A1/ko active Pending
- 2024-10-11 CN CN202480004866.1A patent/CN120391004A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2026502042A (ja) | 2026-01-21 |
| KR20250079255A (ko) | 2025-06-04 |
| EP4586359A1 (en) | 2025-07-16 |
| CN120391004A (zh) | 2025-07-29 |
| EP4586359A4 (en) | 2026-03-11 |
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