WO2025130266A1 - 一种钠离子层状金属氧化物材料、其制备方法、正极材料和钠离子电池 - Google Patents
一种钠离子层状金属氧化物材料、其制备方法、正极材料和钠离子电池 Download PDFInfo
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- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
- C01G53/51—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing sodium
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of sodium ion batteries, and in particular relates to a sodium ion layered metal oxide material, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode material and a sodium ion battery.
- NIBs lithium-ion batteries
- LIBs lithium-ion batteries
- sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have been intensively studied and have become a strong competitor in energy storage fields such as national grid and home energy storage.
- the cathode is an indispensable part of NIBs and directly determines all key properties of NIBs, such as cost, safety, energy density, power density, and cycle life.
- the ideal cathode material should be relatively environmentally friendly and easy to mass produce, transport, and store.
- Manganese has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, low-priced, and having a high annual output.
- Manganese-rich layered sodium-ion transition metal oxide materials (Mn-based Na x TMO 2 ) have many electrochemically redox-active elements such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Ir, Ru, and O, and their chemical composition can be flexibly designed. They also have high specific capacity and good safety performance, making them a strong competitor for commercial sodium-ion battery cathode materials.
- O3 type high nickel material The specific capacity of O3 type high nickel material is high, but when it is charged to a higher voltage, it not only causes multiphase transformation and leads to a large volume deformation, but also promotes the decomposition of the electrolyte to induce the co-embedding of solvent molecules, which ultimately leads to serious structural deterioration and capacity decay of the electrode material during the charge and discharge process.
- the present invention provides a sodium ion layered metal oxide material, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode material and a sodium ion battery, aiming to solve the technical problems of serious structural deterioration and capacity attenuation of the positive electrode material during the charging and discharging process.
- the present invention provides a sodium ion layered metal oxide material having a chemical formula shown in Formula I: Na x Ni a Mn b Ti (0.5-b) M (0.5-a) O (2-y) F y Formula I;
- M includes at least one of Zn, Mg, Sn, Sb, Y and Cu.
- the M element helps to improve the stability of the material.
- the F - radius is similar to the O2 - radius, and it is feasible for F to replace O.
- the strong electronegativity of F can change the binding energy of oxygen elements in the lattice, thereby increasing the diffusion rate of Na + , inhibiting the lattice distortion caused by the Jahn-Teller effect of active ions such as Mn3 + , and improving the stability of the structure.
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide material is an O3 type manganese-based layered oxide material.
- the present invention provides a method for preparing the sodium ion layered metal oxide material as described above, comprising the following steps:
- the temperature is raised from room temperature to 110-130°C at a heating rate of 3-5°C/min, and kept at that temperature for 2-4 hours.
- the temperature is then raised to 440-460°C at a heating rate of 5-8°C/min, and kept at that temperature for 1-3 hours.
- the temperature is then raised to 850-950°C at a heating rate of 5-8°C/min, and kept at that temperature for 10-20 hours.
- M includes at least one of Zn, Mg, Sn, Sb, Y and Cu.
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide material is one or more of Na 0.95 Ni 0.45 Mn 0.3 Cu 0.05 Ti 0.2 O 1.9 5 F 0.05 , NaNi 0.48 Mn 0.4 Y 0.02 Ti 0.1 O 1.999 F 0.001 and Na 0.9 Ni 0.48 Mn 0.39 Cu 0.02 Mg 0.01 Ti 0.1 O 2 .
- the solvent used for the coarse grinding in step A) is water and/or alcohol
- the solid content of the first slurry is 10-40%
- the clogging of the coarse grinder, the sand mill and the connecting pipes is avoided while ensuring the output.
- the particle size of the first slurry is D100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, and the particles in the slurry are prevented from clogging the sand mill filter.
- the particle size of the second slurry is D50 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 8 ⁇ m, so as to ensure that the particle size distribution of the first powder obtained after spray drying is more concentrated and avoid the appearance of large particles; the slurry is uniform, and the particle size of the second slurry is smaller, which does not allow sufficient contact between the particles, which is conducive to ensuring the uniformity of the cation distribution in the finished product.
- the first powder meets the above-mentioned indicators to ensure that less water vapor is generated during sintering of the first powder, thereby avoiding sodium precipitation.
- the small particle size and large BET of the first powder ensure more complete contact between particles during sintering, which facilitates ion exchange and migration, thereby ensuring that the sintered material has higher crystallinity, more uniform cation distribution, and fewer impurities.
- the oxygen content is 20-35%
- the moisture content is less than 3%
- the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 1%.
- the moisture, oxygen content and carbon dioxide content in the high temperature furnace are detected online during the sintering process, and the gas intake, exhaust, oxygen and nitrogen intake are adjusted in time. Ratio, controlling the moisture, oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the high-temperature furnace within the control range, can avoid excessive oxygen content and the formation of too many impurities during the sintering process.
- rapid cooling is performed after calcination to obtain the second powder; the rapid cooling is a quenching treatment.
- accelerating the cooling rate during the cooling process after calcination is helpful to form a metastable phase containing more Mn 3+ and a higher interlayer sodium content, thereby improving the reversible capacity of the electrode material.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode plate, comprising the sodium ion layered metal oxide material described above or the sodium ion layered metal oxide material prepared by the preparation method described above.
- the positive electrode plate includes the above-mentioned sodium ion layered metal oxide material, and thus has better structural stability, higher discharge specific capacity and higher capacity retention rate.
- the present invention provides a sodium ion battery comprising the positive electrode sheet described above.
- the sodium ion battery includes the above-mentioned positive electrode plate, and thus has a higher discharge specific capacity and higher cycle performance.
- FIG1 is a SEM image of the sodium ion layered metal oxide material in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG2 is an XRD diagram of the sodium ion layered metal oxide material in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG3 is a charge and discharge curve of the button battery in Example 1 of the present invention.
- multiple refers to more than two (including two).
- multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
- O3-type high-nickel materials have a higher specific capacity.
- it when charged to a higher voltage, it not only causes multiphase transformation leading to a larger volume deformation, but also promotes the decomposition of the electrolyte to induce the co-embedding of solvent molecules, ultimately leading to serious structural deterioration and capacity attenuation of the electrode material during the charge and discharge process.
- M includes at least one of Zn, Mg, Sn, Sb, Y and Cu.
- 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0 preferably, 0.92 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.98, such as x is 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1.0, preferably a range value with any of the above values as the upper or lower limit.
- 0.3 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.5, preferably, 0.35 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.45, such as a is 0.3, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.4, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, preferably a range value with any of the above values as the upper or lower limit.
- 0.3 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.4 preferably, 0.32 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.38, such as b is 0.3, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.4, preferably a range value with any of the above values as the upper or lower limit.
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide material is one or more of Na 0.95 Ni 0.45 Mn 0.3 Cu 0.05 Ti 0.2 O 1.95 F 0.05 , NaNi 0.48 Mn 0.4 Y 0.02 Ti 0.1 O 1.999 F 0.001 and Na 0.9 Ni 0.48 Mn 0 . 39 Cu 0.02 Mg 0.01 Ti 0.1 O 2 .
- the capacity retention rate of the material after 100 cycles of 1C is increased by 10% to 15%.
- the present invention further provides a method for preparing a sodium ion layered metal oxide material, comprising the following steps:
- the Na source is preferably one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, sodium oxalate and sodium citrate;
- the Ni source is preferably one or more of nickelous oxide (NiO), nickel oxide (Ni 2 O 3 ), nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH) 2 ], nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH) 3 ], nickel carbonate and nickel oxalate;
- the Mn source is preferably one or more of manganese tetraoxide, manganese dioxide, manganese trioxide, manganese monoxide, manganese carbonate and manganese oxalate;
- the Ti source is preferably titanium dioxide and/or metatitanate (H 2 TiO 3 );
- the M source is preferably at least one of M oxide, M hydroxide, M carbonate, M oxalate and M citrate.
- the M element is yttrium (Y)
- the M source is preferably Y oxide
- the F source is preferably sodium fluoride.
- the Na source, Ni source, Mn source, Ti source, M source and F source are weighed and mixed according to the molar number of the metal elements in the chemical formula shown in Formula I, which is a common technical means in the field and will not be described in detail in the present invention.
- the solvent used for coarse grinding is preferably water and/or alcohol, more preferably deionized water and/or alcohol, the coarse grinding time is preferably 1 to 3 hours, more preferably 1 to 2 hours; the working frequency of the coarse grinding is preferably 10 to 50 Hz, more preferably 20 to 40 Hz.
- the solid content of the first slurry obtained after rough grinding is preferably 10-40%, more preferably 20-30%, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, preferably a range value with any of the above values as the upper or lower limit;
- the particle size of the first slurry is preferably D100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, more preferably D100 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
- the present invention grinds the first slurry in a sand mill in an inverted jar circulation manner using an A/B jar circulation method to obtain a second slurry.
- the grinding time is preferably 2 to 5 hours, more preferably 3 to 4 hours
- the rotation speed of the sand mill is preferably 200 to 1500 r/min, more preferably 500 to 1000 r/min
- the particle size of the second slurry is preferably D50 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 8 ⁇ m, preferably, D50 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
- the present invention spray-dries the second slurry to obtain the first powder.
- the particle size of the first powder obtained by spray drying is preferably 2 ⁇ m ⁇ D50 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, the moisture content is less than 1.5%, and BET>15 m 2 /g, more preferably, 5 ⁇ m ⁇ D50 ⁇ 12 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, the moisture content is less than 1.0%, and BET>15 m 2 /g.
- the heating rate is preferably 3-5°C/min, more preferably 3-4°C/min;
- the calcination temperature is preferably 110-130°C, more preferably 115-125°C, such as 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, preferably a range value with any of the above values as the upper or lower limit;
- the insulation time is preferably 2-4 hours, more preferably 2-3 hours.
- the process of crushing, screening and iron removal of the second powder is a continuous operation, which is connected by a pipeline and transported under negative pressure.
- the finished product enters the crushing equipment after degassing. Dry nitrogen is introduced into the crushing, screening and iron removal processes for protection to prevent the material from contacting water and carbon dioxide and producing impurities.
- the present invention provides a sodium ion battery, including the positive electrode sheet described above.
- the present invention does not impose any special restrictions on other materials used in the sodium ion battery, such as the negative electrode, the separator, etc., and conventional raw materials for preparing sodium ion batteries commonly used in the art can be used.
- the chemical formula of sodium ion layered metal oxide material is: Na 0.95 Ni 0.45 Mn 0.3 Cu 0.05 Ti 0.2 O 1.95 F 0. 05,
- the first slurry was ground and mixed in a sand mill by using an A/B tank cycle method for 3 hours at a sand mill speed of 1000 r/min to obtain a second slurry (particle size: D50 ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 8 ⁇ m).
- the second powder is crushed, screened and iron-removed to obtain a sodium ion layered metal oxide material, the humidity of the crushing and screening environment is controlled to be lower than 15%, and the particle size range of the obtained sodium ion layered metal oxide material is: D50 is 8.5 ⁇ m, D100 is 36 ⁇ m, the content of magnetic foreign matter is lower than 150 ppm, the manganese dissolution is lower than 0.5 ppm, the free sodium is lower than 100 ppm, and the water content is lower than 1000 ppm;
- the SEM of the sodium ion layered metal oxide material is shown in Figure 1.
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide exhibits a typical layered structure, with large particles formed by agglomeration of small particles, and the primary particle size is 0.7 to 7 um.
- the discharge capacity at 0.1C is 138mAh/g. Before Cu and F are not doped, the capacity retention rate of the material after 100 cycles of 1C is about 80%. After doping with F and Cu elements, compared with undoped, the discharge capacity at 0.1C is basically unchanged, but the capacity retention rate of the material after 100 cycles of 1C is 91.2%, an increase of about 11%, compared with the capacity retention rate of 85.3% of the material doped with only Cu element after 100 cycles of 1C, an increase of about 5%.
- the introduction of M element is also conducive to improving the environmental stability of layered metal oxides. Compared with materials without M element doping, the discharge capacity of the material after doping with M element is increased by 5%-10% when placed in the same air atmosphere for the same time.
- a button cell was prepared according to the method in Example 1 and electrochemical performance was tested. The results showed that the discharge specific capacity in the 2-4.0 V charge and discharge range was 125 mAh/g.
- sodium bicarbonate, nickel oxide, manganese tetraoxide, titanium oxide, sodium fluoride, yttrium oxide and a certain amount of deionized water are put into a coarse grinder and mixed evenly.
- the mixing time is 2 hours and the working frequency is 30 Hz to obtain a first slurry (solid content is 30%, particle size is: D100 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m);
- the first slurry was ground and mixed in a sand mill by using an A/B tank circulation method for 3 hours at a sand mill speed of 1000 r/min to obtain a second slurry (particle size: D50 ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 7 ⁇ m).
- the temperature is kept at 120°C for 2h, mainly to reduce the moisture content of the first powder, to avoid excessive moisture content in the high-temperature furnace atmosphere during the subsequent rapid heating process, to avoid side reactions, and to cause excessive impurities in the finished product;
- the maximum sintering temperature is 850°C, which can improve the compatibility of Y with other elements, making the distribution of Y elements in the finished product more uniform, improving the uniformity of the material, and ensuring the stability of the product. Otherwise, the Y element is unevenly distributed in the finished product, resulting in inconsistent electrical properties of samples taken at different points in the finished product, and poor consistency of the final product.
- the sintering temperature of 850°C can prevent the primary particles of the finished product from being too large, resulting in reduced electrical properties.
- the SEM of the sodium ion layered metal oxide material is shown in FIG5 .
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide exhibits a typical layered structure, with large particles formed by agglomeration of small particles, and a primary particle size of 0.2 to 4.5 ⁇ m.
- a button cell was prepared.
- the charge and discharge curves in the range of 2-4.0V are shown in Figure 4.
- the discharge capacity at 0.1C is 135mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles at 1C is about 85.2%.
- the capacity retention rate of the material after 100 cycles at 1C is about 80%, and the discharge capacity at 0.1C is 135.5mAh/g.
- the discharge capacity at 0.1C is slightly reduced compared to that of undoped materials, but the capacity retention rate of the material after 100 cycles at 1C is increased by about 5%.
- the chemical formula of sodium ion layered metal oxide material is: Na 0.9 Ni 0.48 Mn 0.39 Cu 0.02 Mg 0.01 Ti 0.1 O 2 ,
- sodium carbonate, nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide, titanium oxide and alcohol are put into a coarse grinder and mixed evenly.
- the mixing time is 2 hours and the working frequency is 30 Hz to obtain a first slurry (solid content is 20%, particle size is: D100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m);
- the second slurry is spray-dried to obtain a first powder (particle size: 3 ⁇ m ⁇ D50 ⁇ 8 ⁇ m, D100 ⁇ 35 ⁇ m, moisture content is less than 1%, BET is 30 m 2 /g);
- the first powder is placed in a high-temperature furnace for calcination, and the calcination temperature curve is: from room temperature to 120°C at 4°C/min, and kept warm for 3 hours, then increased to 450°C at 7°C/min, and kept warm for 1 hour, and then increased to 950°C at 8°C/min, and kept warm for 15 hours, and the atmosphere in the high-temperature furnace is dry oxygen, and then quickly cooled to room temperature to obtain a second powder, and the rapid cooling method can be liquid nitrogen cooling or chilled water cooling;
- the 120°C temperature is kept for 3 hours, mainly to reduce the water content of the first powder, to avoid excessive moisture content in the high-temperature furnace atmosphere during the subsequent rapid heating process, to avoid side reactions, and to cause excessive impurities in the finished product;
- the 450°C temperature is kept for 3 hours, mainly to promote the decomposition and melting of copper oxide, to improve the compatibility of copper with other elements, to make the distribution of copper in the finished product more uniform, to improve the uniformity of the material, and to ensure the stability of the product.
- the copper element in the finished product is unevenly distributed, resulting in inconsistent electrical properties of samples taken at different points in the finished product, and low product stability; or the copper element has poor compatibility with other elements, and the copper oxide impurities in the finished product are high, resulting in poor electrical properties.
- the water content in the high temperature furnace is controlled to be less than 2%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be less than 1%.
- the water content and carbon dioxide content in the high temperature furnace are detected online during the sintering process, and the gas flow rate and exhaust rate are adjusted in time to control the water content and carbon dioxide content in the high temperature furnace within the control range.
- the second powder is crushed, screened and iron-removed to obtain a sodium ion layered metal oxide material, and the humidity of the crushing and screening environment is controlled to be lower than 10%.
- the particle size range of the obtained sodium ion layered metal oxide material is The diameter range is: 3 ⁇ m ⁇ D50 ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m ⁇ D100 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, the content of magnetic foreign matter is less than 150ppm, manganese dissolution is less than 0.5ppm, free sodium is less than 100ppm, and water is less than 1000ppm.
- the SEM of the sodium ion layered metal oxide material is shown in FIG7 .
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide exhibits a typical layered structure, with large particles formed by agglomeration of small particles, and a primary particle size of 0.5-5 ⁇ m.
- the sodium ion layered metal oxide material with the chemical formula of Na 0.9 Ni 0.48 Mn 0.39 Cu 0.02 Mg 0.01 Ti 0.1 O 2 was used as the positive electrode to prepare a button cell.
- the charge and discharge curves in the range of 2-4.0V are shown in Figure 6.
- the discharge capacity at 0.1C is 129mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate of 1C cycle 100 weeks is 92.1%.
- the capacity retention rate of the material at 1C cycle 100 weeks is about 80%, and the discharge capacity at 0.1C is 135.5mAh/g.
- the discharge capacity at 0.1C is reduced compared to that of undoped materials, but the capacity retention rate of the material at 1C cycle 100 weeks is increased by about 12%.
- Doping Mg on the basis of doping Cu element is equivalent to using divalent magnesium ions to replace trivalent manganese ions, which can increase the interlayer distance, thereby promoting the diffusion of sodium ions, and can also reduce the lattice strain caused by the sodium ion deintercalation process to enhance the stability of the layered structure; in addition, divalent magnesium ion doping can reduce the structural deformation or volume change caused by the sodium ion battery charge and discharge cycle, inhibit irreversible phase change, and have an important impact on improving the reversible specific capacity of the material.
- Mg is non-electrochemically active in this material and does not participate in the redox reaction, but the amount of magnesium oxide added in this product is small and will not have a negative impact on the electrical properties.
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Abstract
Description
NaxNiaMnbTi(0.5-b)M(0.5-a)O(2-y)Fy 式I;
NaxNiaMnbTi(0.5-b)M(0.5-a)O(2-y)Fy 式I;
NaxNiaMnbTi(0.5-b)M(0.5-a)O(2-y)Fy 式I;
NaxNiaMnbTi(0.5-b)M(0.5-a)O(2-y)Fy 式I。
Claims (8)
- 一种钠离子层状金属氧化物材料,所述钠离子层状金属氧化物材料为O3型锰基层状氧化物材料;所述钠离子层状金属氧化物材料为Na0.95Ni0.45Mn0.3Cu0.05Ti0.2O1.95F0.05,NaNi0.48Mn0.4Y0.02Ti0.1O1.999F0.001和Na0.9Ni0.48Mn0.39Cu0.02Mg0.01Ti0.1O2中的一种或几种;所述的钠离子层状金属氧化物材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:A)将Na源,Ni源、Mn源、Ti源、M源和F源按照式I中的化学计量比与溶剂混合后进行粗磨,得到第一浆料;B)将所述第一浆料进行研磨,得到第二浆料;C)将所述第二浆料喷雾干燥,得到第一粉末;D)将所述粉末按照以下程序进行煅烧,得到第二粉末,在含氧气氛下,以3~5℃/min的升温速率由室温升温至110~130℃,保温2~4小时,再以5~8℃/min的升温速率升温至440~460℃,保温1~3小时,再以5~8℃/min的升温速率升温至850~950℃,保温10~20小时;E)将第二粉末进行粉碎、筛分和除铁,得到具有式I化学式的钠离子层状金属氧化物材料。
- 如权利要求1所述的钠离子层状金属氧化物材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:A)将Na源,Ni源、Mn源、Ti源、M源和F源按照式I中的化学计量比与溶剂混合后进行粗磨,得到第一浆料;B)将所述第一浆料进行研磨,得到第二浆料;C)将所述第二浆料喷雾干燥,得到第一粉末;D)将所述粉末按照以下程序进行煅烧,得到第二粉末,在含氧气氛下,以3~5℃/min的升温速率由室温升温至110~130℃,保温2~4小时,再以5~8℃/min的升温速率升温至440~460℃,保温1~3小时,再以5~8℃/min的升温速率升温至850~950℃,保温10~20小时;E)将第二粉末进行粉碎、筛分和除铁,得到钠离子层状金属氧化物材料。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A)中粗磨所使用的溶剂为水和/或醇,所述第一浆料的固含量为10~40%,所述第一浆料的粒径为D100<10μm。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述煅烧程序具体为:在含氧气氛下,以4~5℃/min的升温速率由室温升温至120~125℃,保温2~3小时,再以5~7℃/min的升温速率升温至450~455℃,保温1~2小时,再以5~8℃/min的升温速率升温至850~950℃,保温13~20小时。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述煅烧过程中,含氧量为20~35%,水分含量低于3%,二氧化碳浓度低于1%。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在煅烧结束后进行快速冷却,得到第二粉末;所述快速冷却为淬火处理。
- 一种正极极片,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的钠离子层状金属氧化物材料或者权利要求2~6任意一项所述的制备方法制得的钠离子层状金属氧化物材料。
- 一种钠离子电池,其特征在于,包括权利要求7所述的正极极片。
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