WO2025152873A1 - 一种太阳能电池及光伏组件 - Google Patents
一种太阳能电池及光伏组件Info
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- WO2025152873A1 WO2025152873A1 PCT/CN2025/071890 CN2025071890W WO2025152873A1 WO 2025152873 A1 WO2025152873 A1 WO 2025152873A1 CN 2025071890 W CN2025071890 W CN 2025071890W WO 2025152873 A1 WO2025152873 A1 WO 2025152873A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/166—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells the Group IV-IV heterojunctions being heterojunctions of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. silicon heterojunction [SHJ] photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/133—Providing edge isolation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/219—Arrangements for electrodes of back-contact photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
Definitions
- the present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
- a solar cell is a device that can convert sunlight into electrical energy. Specifically, when the solar cell is in operation, sunlight shines on the semiconductor p-n junction of the solar cell, forming new hole-electron pairs. Under the action of the built-in electric field of the p-n junction, photogenerated holes flow to the p region, and photogenerated electrons flow to the n region. When the circuit is connected, current can be generated.
- a solar cell in which both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are on the back of the cell is a back-contact cell. Compared with a double-sided contact solar cell, the front of the back-contact cell is not blocked by a metal electrode, so that the light-receiving side of the back-contact cell has a higher light utilization rate. Therefore, the back-contact cell has a higher short-circuit current and photoelectric conversion efficiency, and is one of the current technical directions for achieving high-efficiency crystalline silicon cells.
- back-contact cells passivate the front and back sides of the silicon substrate, while the sides of the silicon substrate are directly exposed. This causes severe side recombination and the risk of damage, thereby reducing the efficiency of the back-contact cell.
- the present application provides a solar cell, comprising: a silicon substrate; the silicon substrate having a light-receiving surface and a backlight surface opposite to each other, and a side surface disposed between the light-receiving surface and the backlight surface;
- a protective layer is arranged on the side surface.
- the protective layer comprises a first conductive layer, an insulating layer and a second conductive layer arranged on the side surface in sequence.
- the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer have opposite conductive types.
- a protective layer is provided on the side of the silicon substrate, and the protective layer includes a first conductive layer, an insulating layer, and a second conductive layer provided on the side of the silicon substrate.
- the insulating layer is used to insulate and isolate the first conductive layer from the second conductive layer, so that the conductive layer formed by plating on the side of the silicon substrate does not need to be removed during the battery preparation process, which helps to simplify the battery production process.
- the protective layer can play a role in passivation protection of the side of the silicon substrate, which can not only avoid the risk of damage and leakage caused by direct exposure of the side of the silicon substrate, but also reduce the carrier recombination on the side of the silicon substrate, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the battery.
- the backlight surface has first regions and second regions that are alternately arranged; a first conductive layer is formed in the first region, and a second conductive layer is formed in the second region.
- the protective layer further includes a first passivation layer located between the side surface and the first conductive layer and a second passivation layer located between the insulating layer and the second conductive layer;
- the backlight surface has a first area and a second area that are alternately arranged; along the direction away from the silicon substrate, the first area has a first passivation layer and a first conductive layer formed in sequence, and the second area has a second passivation layer and a second conductive layer formed in sequence; an insulating layer is provided between the first area and the second area.
- the thickness of the protective layer at the first position is D1
- the thickness of the protective layer at the second position is D2, satisfying: 1 ⁇ D1/D2 ⁇ 10.
- the total thickness of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer on the backlight surface is H1
- the total thickness of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer at the first position is H11
- the total thickness of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer at the second position is H12, satisfying: H12 ⁇ H11 ⁇ H1.
- the total thickness of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer at the first position on the side is H11 and the total thickness of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer at the second position on the side is H12 which satisfies: 0.2 ⁇ H12/H11 ⁇ 1.
- a total thickness H1 of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer on the backlight surface and a total thickness H11 of the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer located at the first position satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H11/H1 ⁇ 1.
- the thickness of the insulating layer on the backlight surface is H2
- the thickness of the insulating layer at the first position is H21
- the thickness of the insulating layer at the second position is H22, satisfying: H22 ⁇ H21 ⁇ H2.
- the thickness of the insulating layer at the first position on the side surface is H21 and the thickness of the insulating layer at the second position on the side surface is H22 which satisfies: 0.2 ⁇ H22/H21 ⁇ 1.
- a thickness H2 of the insulating layer on the backlight surface and a thickness H21 of the insulating layer located at the first position satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H21/H2 ⁇ 1.
- the thickness H2 of the insulating layer on the backlight surface and the total thickness H22 of the insulating layer located at the second position satisfy: 0.2 ⁇ H22/H2 ⁇ 0.6.
- a total thickness H3 of the second passivation layer and the second conductive layer on the backlight surface and a total thickness H31 of the second passivation layer and the second conductive layer located at the first position satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H31/H3 ⁇ 1.
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the light receiving surface is H4
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer at the first position is H41
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer at the second position is H42, satisfying: H41 ⁇ H42 ⁇ H4.
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer at the first position on the side is H41 and the total thickness of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer at the second position on the side is H42 which satisfies: 0.1 ⁇ H42/H41 ⁇ 1.
- the total thickness H4 of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the light-receiving surface and the total thickness H41 of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer located at the first position satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H41/H4 ⁇ 0.4.
- the total thickness H4 of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the light-receiving surface and the total thickness H42 of the third passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer located at the second position satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H42/H4 ⁇ 0.8.
- the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer have a protective effect on most areas of the side of the silicon substrate, and when preventing the intrusion of water vapor, etc., it is ensured that the side of the silicon substrate has a thicker stacking protection, further improving the protection effect of the side of the silicon substrate.
- the surface of the area on the side that is not covered with the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer is velvet, and the application principle of the beneficial effect of the ratio between the maximum extension length of the velvet on the side and the thickness of the silicon substrate is less than or equal to 30% can be referred to the above, and will not be repeated here.
- the surface of the area covering the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer in the side surface is a polished surface
- the surface of the area covering the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer in the side surface is relatively flat, which is conducive to forming a thicker first interface passivation layer and first doped silicon layer in this area, thereby enhancing the passivation effect of the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer on the corresponding area of the side surface, and further improving the conversion efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the thickness of at least one of the intrinsic silicon layer, the second doped silicon layer and the transparent conductive layer gradually increases from the light-receiving surface to the backlight surface.
- the thickness of at least one of the intrinsic silicon layer, the second doped silicon layer and the transparent conductive layer is larger near the backlight surface, which is beneficial to improve the protective effect of the film layer on the area near the backlight surface of the side of the silicon substrate, and can further improve the structural reliability of the side of the back contact battery.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the bottom surface of the tower-shaped texture structure is less than the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure, it is beneficial for the portion of the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure to have a relatively high passivation effect, thereby meeting the demand for high passivation effect of the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure, reducing the carrier recombination rate of the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure, and further improving the working efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the side of the silicon substrate has a tower-like texture structure; wherein the thickness of the first interface passivation layer at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure is less than the thickness of the first interface passivation layer at the side wall of the tower-like texture structure; the thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure is greater than the thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer at the side wall of the tower-like texture structure; and/or the thickness of the second doped silicon layer at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure is greater than the thickness of the second doped silicon layer at the side wall of the tower-like texture structure.
- the solar cell is a back contact cell
- an insulating mask layer is also disposed, which can reduce the thickness requirement of the intrinsic silicon layer while ensuring the reduction of forward leakage loss, reduce the tunneling resistance of the intrinsic silicon layer, and help improve the collection efficiency of the second doped silicon layer disposed on the backlight side of the silicon substrate for carriers, and further improve the conversion efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the presence of the insulating mask layer can also enhance the protection of the side of the silicon substrate, and further improve the side structure reliability of the back contact battery.
- the back contact cell further includes an anti-reflection layer disposed on the light-receiving surface, the anti-reflection layer extending from the light-receiving surface to the side surface; on the side surface, the anti-reflection layer is disposed between the second doped silicon layer and the transparent conductive layer in the direction away from the side surface.
- an anti-reflection layer is added to the film layer disposed on the side surface of the silicon substrate, which can further improve the protection of the side surface of the silicon substrate, reduce the risk of damage to the side surface of the silicon substrate, and reduce the forward leakage loss.
- the thickness of the first doped silicon layer is greater than or equal to 30 nm and less than or equal to 140 nm.
- the first doped silicon layer, the intrinsic silicon layer, and the second doped silicon layer arranged on the side of the silicon substrate can also protect the side of the silicon substrate, reduce the risk of damage and leakage due to the side of the silicon substrate being directly exposed to the outside, and improve the structural reliability of the back contact battery.
- the order in which the corresponding film layers are formed on the backlight side and the light-receiving side of the silicon substrate affects the order in which the corresponding film layers are formed on the side of the silicon substrate.
- the thickness of the second interface passivation layer (or the second interface passivation layer and the surface passivation layer) from being large due to the large thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer, ensuring that the second interface passivation layer has a lower tunneling resistance, and the surface passivation layer has a lower barrier effect on light transmission, ensuring that the back contact battery has a higher conversion efficiency.
- the thicknesses of various parts of the first interface passivation layer and/or the first doped silicon layer are the same.
- the thickness of the surface passivation layer is uniform, or the thickness of the surface passivation layer gradually increases from the backlight surface to the light-receiving surface.
- the thickness of the second doped silicon layer and/or the transparent conductive layer gradually increases along the direction from the light-receiving surface to the backlight surface.
- the thickness of the first doped silicon layer is greater than or equal to 30 nm and less than or equal to 140 nm.
- the side of the silicon substrate has a tower-like texture structure; wherein the thickness of the first interface passivation layer at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure is less than the thickness of the first interface passivation layer at the side wall of the tower-like texture structure; the thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure is greater than the thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer at the side wall of the tower-like texture structure; and/or the thickness of the second doped silicon layer at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure is greater than the thickness of the second doped silicon layer at the side wall of the tower-like texture structure.
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a silicon substrate according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another edge of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG5 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of another edge of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG7 is a partial side cross-sectional view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG9 is a second schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of a back-contact battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG17 is a tenth schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the structure of a back-contact battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- Reference numerals 100-silicon substrate; 110-light-receiving surface; 120-backlight surface; 120a-first area; 120b-second area; 130-side; 130a-first position; 130b-second position; 200-protective layer; 201-first passivation layer; 202-first conductive layer; 203-insulating layer; 204- Second passivation layer; 205 - second conductive layer; 206 - third passivation layer; 207 - anti-reflection layer; 208 - transparent conductive layer; 12-first doped silicon layer; 13-surface passivation layer; 15-intrinsic silicon layer; 16-second doped silicon layer; 20 - first interface passivation layer; 21 - insulating mask layer; 22 - second interface passivation layer.
- the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
- installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
- the backlight surface 120 has first regions 120 a and second regions 120 b that are alternately arranged; the first region 120 a is formed with a first conductive layer 202 , and the second region 120 b is formed with a second conductive layer 205 .
- the solar cell structure in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a back-contact cell, for example, can be applied to a HBC cell, in which the PN junction and the metal grid line are both arranged on the backlight surface 120 of the cell.
- a processing technique such as a PECVD process can be used to sequentially form a first passivation layer 201, a first conductive layer 202, and an insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 and the surrounding side surfaces 130 of the silicon substrate 100.
- a mask layer is set on the surface of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100, and the film layer structure of the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100 is patterned through processes such as photolithography or laser and etching to form a first region 120a and a second region 120b on the backlight surface 120, and the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 in the second region 120b are removed.
- a processing technique such as a PECVD process is used to form a second passivation layer 204 and a second conductive layer 205 in the second region 120b, and at the same time, a second passivation layer 204 and a second conductive layer 205 are also formed on the surrounding side surfaces 130 of the silicon substrate 100.
- first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 may be prepared by a PECVD process or other preparation processes, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the total thickness H11 of the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 at the first position 130a on the side surface 130 and the total thickness H12 of the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 at the second position 130b on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.2 ⁇ H12/H11 ⁇ 1.
- the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 can be used to shield and protect the side surface of the silicon substrate 100, and at the same time, the protection of the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 close to the backlight surface 120 is strengthened.
- the total thickness H1 of the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100 refers to the total thickness of the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100 along a direction perpendicular to the backlight surface 120.
- the total thickness of the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 refers to the total thickness of the first passivation layer 201 and the first conductive layer 202 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 along a direction perpendicular to the side surface 130.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 is H2
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 at the first position 130a on the side surface 130 is H21
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 at the second position 130b on the side surface 130 is H22, satisfying: H22 ⁇ H21 ⁇ H2.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 is set to be less than or equal to the thickness of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100, so as to reduce the material loss of the insulating layer 203 while using the insulating layer 203 to shield and protect the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100.
- the thickness H21 of the insulating layer 203 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 at the first position 130a is greater than the thickness H22 at the second position 130b, so as to strengthen the protection of the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 close to the backlight surface 120.
- the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 and the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 in the embodiment of the present application can be obtained by a one-time molding process.
- a PECVD process can be used to simultaneously deposit the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 and the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100.
- the specific preparation method of the insulating layer 203 can be flexibly set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
- a reasonable value range of H22/H21 is set so that the insulating layer 203 can be used to insulate and isolate the first conductive layer 202 and the second conductive layer 205 on the side surface 130, and then a protective layer is formed by the insulating layer 203 and the first conductive layer 202 and the second conductive layer 205 to shield and protect the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100. At the same time, the protection of the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 close to the backlight surface 120 can be strengthened.
- the ratio H22/H21 of the thickness H22 of the insulating layer 203 on the side 130 at the second position 130b to the thickness H21 at the first position 130a can be set to any number such as 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, or a range between any two values.
- a thickness H2 of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 and a thickness H21 of the insulating layer 203 located at the first position 130 a on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H21/H2 ⁇ 1.
- the insulating layer 203 is used to form a protective layer 200 with the first conductive layer 202 and the second conductive layer 205 to shield and protect the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and it can also reduce the material loss required for preparing the insulating layer 203, thereby reducing production costs.
- the ratio H21/H2 of the thickness H21 of the insulating layer 203 at the first position 130a on the side 130 to the thickness H2 of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 can be set to any number such as 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, or a range between any two values.
- the thickness H2 of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 and the total thickness H22 of the insulating layer 203 at the second position 130 b on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.2 ⁇ H22/H2 ⁇ 0.6.
- the insulating layer 203 is used to form a protective layer 200 with the first conductive layer 202 and the second conductive layer 205 to shield and protect the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and it can also reduce the material loss required for preparing the insulating layer 203 and reduce the production cost.
- the thickness H2 of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100 refers to the thickness of the insulating layer 203 on the backlight surface 120 along a direction perpendicular to the backlight surface 120.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 refers to the thickness of the insulating layer 203 on the side surface 130 along a direction perpendicular to the side surface 130.
- the structure of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the side 130 of the silicon substrate 100 can be reasonably set according to the structure of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100, so as to play a passivation protection role on the side 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and can also reduce the material loss in preparing the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205, thereby reducing the production cost.
- the ratio H31/H3 of the total thickness H31 of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 at the first position 130a on the side 130 to the total thickness H3 of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the backlight surface 120 can be set to any number such as 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, or a range between any two values.
- the structure of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 can be reasonably set according to the structure of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100.
- This can play a passivation protection role on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and can also reduce the material loss of preparing the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205, thereby reducing the production cost.
- the ratio of the total thickness H32 of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 at the second position 130b on the side 130 to the total thickness H3 of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the backlight surface 120 can be set to any number such as 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, or a range between any two values.
- the total thickness H3 of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100 refers to the total thickness of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the backlight surface 120 in a direction perpendicular to the backlight surface 120.
- the total thickness of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 refers to the total thickness of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 on the side surface 130 in a direction perpendicular to the side surface 130.
- a third passivation layer 206 and an anti-reflection layer 207 are formed on both the light-receiving surface 110 and the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, so as to meet the structural design requirements of the light-receiving surface 110 of the silicon substrate 100, and at the same time, a third passivation layer 206 and an anti-reflection layer 207 are correspondingly formed on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, thereby enhancing the shielding and protection effect on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100.
- the third passivation layer 206 can be made of at least one of an amorphous silicon layer, a hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer, a carbon-doped amorphous silicon layer, and an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer.
- the anti-reflection layer 207 can be made of one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- the materials and specific preparation processes of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the light receiving surface 110 is H4
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 located at the first position 130a on the side 130 is H41
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 located at the second position 130b on the side 130 is H42, satisfying: H41 ⁇ H42 ⁇ H4.
- the total thickness of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 located on the side 130 of the silicon substrate 100 is set to be less than or equal to the total thickness of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 located on the light-receiving surface 110 of the silicon substrate 100, so that the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 can be used to shield and protect the side 130 of the silicon substrate 100 without affecting the conversion efficiency of the battery.
- the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 are set on the side 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and the total thickness H42 at the second position 130b is greater than the total thickness H41 at the first position 130a, so that the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 form a smooth transition in size at the junction area between the edge of the light-receiving surface 110 of the silicon substrate 100 and the side 130, so as to enhance the protection effect on the edge of the silicon substrate 100.
- the total thickness H41 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 at the first position 130a on the side surface 130 and the total thickness H42 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 at the second position 130b on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H42/H41 ⁇ 1.
- the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 can be used to shield and protect the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and at the same time, it is convenient for actual processing and forming.
- the ratio H42/H41 of the total thickness H42 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the side 130 at the second position 130b to the total thickness H41 at the first position 130a can be set to any number such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, or a range between any two values.
- the total thickness H4 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the light receiving surface 110 and the total thickness H41 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 at the first position 130 a on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H41/H4 ⁇ 0.4.
- the structure of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 can be reasonably set according to the structure of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the light-receiving surface 110 of the silicon substrate 100.
- the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 are used to further shield and protect the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and the material loss of preparing the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 can also be reduced, thereby reducing the production cost.
- the ratio of the total thickness H41 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 located at the first position 130a on the side 130 to the total thickness H4 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the light receiving surface 110 can be set to any number such as 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, or a range between any two values.
- the total thickness H4 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the light receiving surface 110 and the total thickness H42 of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 at the second position 130 b on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H42/H4 ⁇ 0.8.
- the structure of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 can be reasonably set according to the structure of the third passivation layer 206 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the light-receiving surface 110 of the silicon substrate 100.
- a transparent conductive layer 208 is provided on both the backlight surface 120 and the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 so as to meet the structural design requirements of the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100 and, at the same time, form a corresponding transparent conductive layer 208 on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, thereby further enhancing the shielding and protection effect on the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100.
- the transparent conductive layer 208 on the backlight surface 120 and the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 can be prepared by the same process.
- the transparent conductive layer 208 can be deposited on the backlight surface 120 and the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 by using the PECVD process.
- the transparent conductive layer 208 can also be prepared by other processing techniques, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- a thickness H5 of the transparent conductive layer 208 on the backlight surface 120 and a thickness H51 of the transparent conductive layer 208 at the first position 130 a on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.5 ⁇ H51/H5 ⁇ 1.
- a thickness H5 of the transparent conductive layer 208 on the backlight surface 120 and a thickness H52 of the transparent conductive layer 208 at the second position 130 b on the side surface 130 satisfy: 0.2 ⁇ H52/H5 ⁇ 0.5.
- Step 9 Deposit a transparent conductive layer in the first area 120a and the second area 120b of the backlight surface 120 of the silicon substrate 100.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is in the range of 10-300nm, and the deposition method can be PVD, RPD process, etc.
- a first interface passivation layer 20 on the side of the silicon substrate 100 and in the direction away from the side, a first interface passivation layer 20, a first doped silicon layer 12, a surface passivation layer 13, an anti-reflection layer 207, an intrinsic silicon layer 15, a second doped silicon layer 16 and a transparent conductive layer 208 are sequentially arranged.
- the presence of each film layer can isolate the side of the silicon substrate 100 from the external environment, reducing the risk of scratches and other damage to the side of the silicon substrate 100 due to extrusion, collision and other factors after transportation or packaging.
- the surface passivation layer 13 that realizes the insulation isolation of the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 on the side can also passivate the side of the silicon substrate 100, further reducing the carrier recombination rate on the side of the silicon substrate 100 and improving the conversion efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the order in which the corresponding film layers are formed on the backlight side and the light-receiving side of the silicon substrate affects the order in which the corresponding film layers are formed on the side of the silicon substrate.
- the order in which the film layers are formed on the backlight side and the light-receiving side of the silicon substrate is closely related to the process, battery structure, equipment, etc., the order in which the film layers are formed on the backlight side and the light-receiving side of the silicon substrate cannot be adjusted arbitrarily, that is to say, the order in which the film layers are formed on the side of the silicon substrate cannot be adjusted arbitrarily, and needs to be comprehensively considered based on the requirements for the order in which the film layers are formed on the side of the silicon substrate, the technical problems to be solved, as well as the requirements for the order in which the film layers are formed on the front and back sides, and the technical problems to be solved.
- the conductivity type of the silicon substrate can be N-type, P-type, or intrinsic type.
- the first interface passivation layer 20, the first doped silicon layer 12, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 included in the back contact cell are not only arranged on the side of the silicon substrate 100, but also arranged on the backlight side of the silicon substrate 100.
- the transparent conductive layer 208 covers the side of the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 away from the silicon substrate 100, and a through isolation groove is arranged in the transparent conductive layer 208 to disconnect the part of the transparent conductive layer 208 corresponding to the first doped silicon layer 12 from the part of the transparent conductive layer 208 corresponding to the second doped silicon layer 16 to prevent short circuit.
- the distribution of the first interface passivation layer 20, the first doped silicon layer 12, the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 on the backlight side of the silicon substrate 100 it can be set according to actual needs and is not specifically limited here.
- the backlight surface may include a first region and a second region that do not overlap each other, the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer are arranged on the first region, and the intrinsic silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer are sequentially stacked on the second region in a direction away from the silicon substrate.
- the distribution range of the first region and the second region on the backlight surface can be determined according to the distribution of the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer on the backlight surface in an actual application scenario.
- the backlight surface may include a first region and a second region that are spaced apart, and a third region between the first region and the second region.
- the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer are disposed on the first region, and the intrinsic silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer are sequentially stacked on the second region in a direction away from the silicon substrate.
- the distribution range of the first region and the second region on the backlight surface may be determined according to the distribution of the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer on the backlight surface in an actual application scenario.
- the third region is a region on the backlight surface where the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer are not disposed.
- the backlight surface includes a first region 120a and a second region 120b that are spaced apart.
- the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12 are disposed on the first region 120a.
- the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 are disposed in the second region 120b, and extend from the second region 120b to the first region 120a, and cover a portion of the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12.
- the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 are not only stacked in sequence in the second region 120b along the thickness direction of the silicon substrate 100, but also cover a portion of the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12.
- the formation range of the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 on the backlight side of the silicon substrate 100 is relatively large, which is conducive to reducing the etching range of the entire layer of the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 during the manufacturing process, and is conducive to improving the etching capacity.
- the distribution range of the first region 120a on the backlight surface can be determined according to the distribution of the first doped silicon layer 12 on the backlight surface in the actual application scenario.
- the distribution range of the second region 120 b on the backlight surface may be determined according to the distribution of the portion of the second doped silicon layer 16 that does not overlap the first doped silicon layer 12 in an actual application scenario.
- the light-receiving surface of the silicon substrate can be a polished surface or a velvet surface.
- the backlight surface of the silicon substrate can be a polished surface; or, in the backlight surface of the silicon substrate, the surface of the area corresponding to the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer can be a polished surface, and the surface in contact with the intrinsic silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer can be a velvet surface.
- the side morphology of the silicon substrate can be determined according to the formation range of the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer on the side of the silicon substrate, and the actual manufacturing process, and is not specifically limited here.
- the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12 arranged on the side cover the entire area of the side.
- the surface reflectivity and/or surface morphology of each partial area of the side of the silicon substrate 100 can be substantially the same.
- the surface of each area of the side of the silicon substrate 100 can be a polished surface, or can be a suede surface or the like.
- the surface morphology of the area on the side not covered by the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer can be the same as the surface morphology of the area on the side covered with the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer, while the size of the texture structure on the surface of the area on the side not covered by the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer is different from the size of the texture structure on the surface of the area on the side covered with the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer.
- the surface of the area on the side not covered by the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer and the surface of the area on the side covered by the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer may both have a pyramid-shaped texture structure, and the side length (or diagonal, height) of the bottom of the pyramid-shaped texture structure on the surface of the area on the side not covered by the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer is greater than the side length (or diagonal, height) of the pyramid-shaped texture structure on the surface of the area on the side covered by the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer.
- the surface morphology of the area on the side surface not covered with the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer may also be different from the surface morphology of the area on the side surface covered with the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer.
- the surface morphologies of the two areas on the side surface may be determined based on the reflectivity relationship and the actual manufacturing process, and are not specifically limited here.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located at the bottom surface of the tower-like texture structure can be equal to the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the side wall of the tower-like texture structure.
- the first interface passivation layer has a high passivation effect on both the bottom surface and the side wall of the tower-like texture structure.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the bottom surface of the tower-shaped texture structure may also be less than the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure.
- the bottom surface of the tower-shaped texture structure and the side surface of the tower-shaped texture structure have different crystal orientations. Specifically, the bottom surface of the tower-shaped texture structure is the [110] crystal orientation, and the number of dangling bonds on the surface of the [110] crystal orientation is relatively small; while the side surface of the tower-shaped texture structure is the [111] crystal orientation, and the number of dangling bonds in the [111] crystal orientation is relatively large.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the bottom surface of the tower-shaped texture structure is less than the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure, it is beneficial to make the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure have a relatively high passivation effect, meet the demand for high passivation effect on the side surface of the tower-shaped texture structure, reduce the carrier recombination rate on the side surface of the tower-shaped texture structure, and further improve the working efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer at the bottom surface of the tower-shaped texture structure and the thickness of the first interface passivation layer on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure can be determined according to the requirements for the passivation effect of different areas of the tower-shaped texture structure and the actual manufacturing process, and are not specifically limited here.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located at the bottom surface of the tower base-shaped texture structure can be greater than or equal to 0.5nm and less than or equal to 1.5nm.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located at the bottom surface of the tower base-shaped texture structure can be 0.5nm, 0.6nm, 0.8nm, 1nm, 1.2nm, 1.3nm or 1.5nm, etc.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer located at the bottom surface of the tower base-shaped texture structure is within the above range, which is beneficial to prevent the first interface passivation layer from being located at the bottom surface of the tower base-shaped texture structure.
- the thickness is small and the passivation effect of the part on the silicon substrate is relatively low, while reducing the carrier recombination rate on the side of the tower base-shaped texture structure.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure can be greater than or equal to 0.5nm and less than or equal to 2nm.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure can be 0.5nm, 0.8nm, 1nm, 1.2nm, 1.5nm, 1.8nm or 2nm.
- the thickness of the first interface passivation layer on the side wall of the tower-shaped texture structure is within the above range, which is conducive to preventing the passivation effect of the first interface passivation layer from being low due to the small thickness of the part, and reducing the carrier recombination rate on the side of the tower-shaped texture structure.
- the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer disposed on the side may cover the entire area of the side.
- the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer disposed on the side may also be located only on a local area of the side and close to the backlight surface; in this case, the extension range of the first interface passivation layer and the first doped silicon layer on the side may be set according to the actual manufacturing process and actual needs, and is not specifically limited here.
- the ratio between the maximum extension length of the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12 on the side and the thickness of the silicon substrate 100 may be greater than or equal to 70%.
- the ratio between the maximum extension length of the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12 on the side and the thickness of the silicon substrate 100 may be 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 98%, etc.
- the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12 have a passivation effect on the side of the silicon substrate 100.
- the first interface passivation layer 20 and the first doped silicon layer 12 have a protective effect on most areas of the side of the silicon substrate 100, and when preventing water vapor from intruding, it is ensured that the side of the silicon substrate 100 has a thicker laminated protection, further improving the protective effect of the side of the silicon substrate 100.
- the material of the surface passivation layer may include at least one of aluminum oxide, intrinsic amorphous silicon, and doped silicon glass.
- the conductivity type of the doped silicon glass is the same as or opposite to the conductivity type of the first doped silicon layer.
- the material of the surface passivation layer may include only aluminum oxide, intrinsic amorphous silicon, or doped silicon glass.
- the material of the surface passivation layer may include any two of aluminum oxide, intrinsic amorphous silicon, and doped silicon glass.
- the material of the surface passivation layer may also include aluminum oxide, intrinsic amorphous silicon, and doped silicon glass at the same time.
- the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 may be plated around the backlight side.
- the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the backlight side will affect the carrier collection effect of the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 formed later, so it is necessary to remove the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 on the backlight side.
- the ratio between the maximum extension length of the surface passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the side and the thickness of the silicon substrate can be less than or equal to 80%.
- the ratio between the maximum extension length of the surface passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the side and the thickness of the silicon substrate can be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, etc.
- the difficulty of removing the surface passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer around the backlight surface can be reduced, and the manufacturing precision requirements can be reduced.
- the first doped silicon layer can be electrically contacted with the second doped silicon layer of the opposite conductivity type to itself through the intrinsic silicon layer, thereby forming a diode structure with a lower reverse breakdown voltage on the side of the silicon substrate, which is conducive to reducing the risk of hot spots of the back contact battery and improving the anti-burning ability of the back contact battery.
- the forward leakage, hot spot risk and side protection of the back-contact battery can be regulated by adjusting the maximum extension length of the surface passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the side, which is conducive to achieving a balance between the forward leakage, hot spot risk and side protection of the back-contact battery.
- the thickness of the surface passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer can be roughly the same, so that each area on the light-receiving side of the silicon substrate corresponds to a higher passivation effect, and it is beneficial for each area on the light-receiving side of the back contact cell to have a relatively low reflectivity, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency of the back contact cell.
- the thickness of the surface passivation layer and the anti-reflection layer on the side of the silicon substrate can be the same. In this case, within a certain range, the thickness of the surface passivation layer is proportional to its own passivation effect and insulation isolation effect.
- each part of the surface passivation layer has a higher passivation effect and a higher insulation isolation characteristic, which is conducive to making each area covered with the surface passivation layer on the side of the silicon substrate have a lower number of surface defects, and is also conducive to better realizing the electrical isolation effect of the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer through the surface passivation layer with uniform thickness, reducing forward leakage.
- each part of the anti-reflection layer in the side has a higher insulation characteristic and protective effect, which is conducive to better realizing the electrical isolation effect of the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer through the anti-reflection layer with uniform thickness, reducing forward leakage, and improving the structural reliability of the side of the back contact battery.
- the thickness of the surface passivation layer 13 and/or the anti-reflection layer 207 may be gradually increased in the direction from the backlight surface to the light-receiving surface.
- the portion of the surface passivation layer 13 on the side close to the light-receiving surface has a higher passivation effect and better insulation isolation characteristics, further reducing the number of surface defects in the area close to the light-receiving surface in the side of the silicon substrate 100, while further reducing the leakage risk between the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16, which is conducive to increasing the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the back contact battery.
- the portion of the surface passivation layer 13 on the side close to the light-receiving surface has better insulation isolation characteristics, further reducing the leakage risk between the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16, which is conducive to increasing the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the back contact battery.
- the material of the intrinsic silicon layer and/or the second doped silicon layer may include at least one of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon and nanocrystalline silicon.
- the conductivity type of the second doped silicon layer and the first doped silicon layer can be determined according to the material of the first doped silicon layer and the actual application scenario, as long as the conductivity types of the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer are opposite.
- the conductivity type of the first doped silicon layer can be N-type, in which case the conductivity type of the second doped silicon layer is P-type.
- the conductivity type of the first doped silicon layer can also be P-type, in which case the conductivity type of the second doped silicon layer is N-type.
- the insulating mask layer 21 can cover various areas of the side of the silicon substrate 100.
- the insulating mask layer 21 disposed on the side can also be located on a local area of the side.
- the application principle of the beneficial effect in this case can refer to the application principle of the beneficial effect of the transparent conductive layer 208 being located on a local area of the side and close to the backlight surface as described above, and will not be repeated here.
- the extension length of the insulating mask layer on the side the larger the range of the reverse leakage area formed between the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer in the side of the silicon substrate, and the lower the risk of hot spots of the back contact battery.
- the ratio of the maximum extension length of the insulating mask layer on the side to the thickness of the silicon substrate is less than or equal to 80%, the forward leakage, hot spot risk and side protection of the back contact battery can be regulated by adjusting the maximum extension length of the insulating mask layer on the side according to the actual application scenario requirements of the back contact battery, which is conducive to achieving a balance between the forward leakage, hot spot risk and side protection of the back contact battery.
- FIG15 shows a schematic diagram of a back contact cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the solar cell is a back contact cell;
- the first conductive layer 202 is a first doped silicon layer 12
- the second conductive layer 205 is a second doped silicon layer 16
- the insulating layer 203 includes an insulating mask layer 21 .
- the back contact cell includes: a silicon substrate, a first interface passivation layer 20, a first doped silicon layer 12, an insulating mask layer 21, an intrinsic silicon layer 15, a second doped silicon layer 16 and a transparent conductive layer 208.
- the silicon substrate includes a backlight surface and a light-receiving surface that are arranged opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the backlight surface and the light-receiving surface.
- the first interface passivation layer 20, the first doped silicon layer 12, the insulating mask layer 21, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 are sequentially arranged on the side surface.
- the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 have opposite conductivity types.
- the back contact battery includes a surface passivation layer 13 arranged on the light-receiving surface, and the surface passivation layer 13 extends from the light-receiving surface to the side;
- the back contact battery also includes a second interface passivation layer 22 arranged on the backlight surface and located between the silicon substrate and the second doped silicon layer 16, and the second interface passivation layer 22 extends from the backlight surface to the side;
- the intrinsic silicon layer 15 includes a surface passivation layer 13 and a second interface passivation layer 22 stacked in a direction away from the side.
- an insulating mask layer is also provided between the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer, which can reduce the thickness requirement of the intrinsic silicon layer while ensuring the reduction of forward leakage loss, reduce the tunneling resistance of the intrinsic silicon layer, and help improve the hand collection efficiency of the second doped silicon layer provided on the backlight side of the silicon substrate for carriers, and further improve the conversion efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the presence of the insulating mask layer can also enhance the protection of the side of the silicon substrate, and further improve the side structure reliability of the back contact battery.
- the first interface passivation layer 20, the first doped silicon layer 12, the insulating mask layer 21, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 included in the back contact cell are not only arranged on the side of the silicon substrate 100, but also arranged on the backlight side of the silicon substrate 100.
- the distribution of the first interface passivation layer 20 the first doped silicon layer 12, the insulating mask layer 21, the intrinsic silicon layer 15 and the second doped silicon layer 16 on the backlight side of the silicon substrate 100
- the second doped silicon layer can be directly in contact with the transparent conductive layer.
- the back contact battery may also include an anti-reflection layer 207 arranged on the light-receiving surface, and the anti-reflection layer 207 extends from the light-receiving surface to the side.
- the anti-reflection layer 207 is arranged between the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 in the direction away from the side.
- an anti-reflection layer is added to the film layer arranged on the side of the silicon substrate, which can further improve the protection of the side of the silicon substrate, reduce the risk of damage to the side of the silicon substrate, and reduce the forward leakage loss.
- the anti-reflection layer is directly formed on the side of the second doped silicon layer away from the silicon substrate. Because there is a difference between the materials of the surface passivation layer and the second doped silicon layer, and the anti-reflection layer is easier to deposit on the surface passivation layer.
- the plating range of the anti-reflection layer on the backlight side can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of etching when removing the anti-reflection layer on the backlight side, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency.
- the insulating mask layer can cover various areas of the side surface.
- the insulating mask layer 21 can also be arranged on a local area of the side surface and close to the side of the backlight surface.
- the coverage of the insulating mask layer 21 on the side surface can refer to the corresponding description in the previous text, and will not be repeated here.
- the solar cell is a back contact cell, comprising: a silicon substrate 100, a first interface passivation layer 20, a first doped silicon layer 12, a surface passivation layer 13, an anti-reflection layer 207, an intrinsic silicon layer 15, a second doped silicon layer 16 and a transparent conductive layer 208.
- the silicon substrate 100 comprises a backlight surface and a light-receiving surface arranged opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the backlight surface and the light-receiving surface.
- the first interface passivation layer 20, the first doped silicon layer 12, the surface passivation layer 13, the anti-reflection layer 207, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 are sequentially arranged on the side surface.
- the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 have opposite conductivity types.
- the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 are also sequentially arranged on the light-receiving surface, and the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 extend from the light-receiving surface to the side surface.
- the protective layer 200 includes a first doped silicon layer 12, a surface passivation layer 13, an anti-reflection layer 207, and a second doped silicon layer 16, and the insulating layer 203 includes a surface passivation layer 13 and an anti-reflection layer 207.
- the junction of the side surface 130 and the backlight surface 120 is a first position 130a
- the junction of the side surface 130 and the light receiving surface 110 is a second position 130b.
- the thickness of the protective layer 200 at the first position 130a is D1
- the thickness of the protective layer 200 at the second position 130b is D2, which satisfies: 1 ⁇ D1/D2 ⁇ 10; preferably, 2.5 ⁇ D1/D2 ⁇ 10.
- the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 are not only located on the light-receiving surface of the silicon substrate 100, but also extend to the side of the silicon substrate 100. At this time, on the side of the silicon substrate 100, the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 of opposite conductivity types can be separated by the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 to prevent the two from being turned on and leaking electricity, thereby reducing forward leakage loss, so that the back contact cell has a higher conversion efficiency.
- the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207 are arranged on the light-receiving surface to reduce carrier recombination and surface reflectivity.
- the two are then extended to the side of the silicon substrate 100, and can also be used to isolate the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16. There is no need to form other insulating layers through other deposition steps to prevent leakage between the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16.
- the manufacturing process of the back contact battery can be simplified. At the same time, there is no need to consider the compatibility between the film layer that isolates the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 and other structures in the back contact battery, ensuring that the back contact battery has a high yield.
- the surface passivation layer 13 that realizes the insulation isolation of the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 on the side can also passivate the side of the silicon substrate 100, further reducing the carrier recombination rate on the side of the silicon substrate 100 and improving the conversion efficiency of the back contact battery.
- the thickness of the protective layer 200 at different positions of the side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100 is different. In this way, effective shielding protection can be formed for the entire side surface 130 of the silicon substrate 100, and the material consumption required for preparing the protective layer 200 can be appropriately reduced.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 i.e., the surface passivation layer 13 and the anti-reflection layer 207) on the backlight surface 120 is H2
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 at the first position 130a on the side surface 130 is H21
- the thickness of the insulating layer 203 at the second position 130b on the side surface 130 is H22, satisfying: H22 ⁇ H21 ⁇ H2.
- the technical effect of H22 ⁇ H21 ⁇ H2 can be referred to the above, and will not be repeated here.
- the solar cell is a back contact cell, comprising: a silicon substrate, a first interface passivation layer 20, a first doped silicon layer 12, an insulating mask layer 21, an intrinsic silicon layer 15, a second doped silicon layer 16 and a transparent conductive layer 208.
- the silicon substrate comprises a backlight surface and a light receiving surface arranged opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the backlight surface and the light receiving surface.
- the first interface passivation layer 20, the first doped silicon layer 12, the insulating mask layer 21, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 are sequentially arranged on the side surface.
- the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 have opposite conductivity types.
- the back contact cell includes a surface passivation layer 13 disposed on the light receiving surface, and the surface passivation layer 13 extends from the light receiving surface to the side surface; the back contact cell also includes a second interface passivation layer 22 disposed on the back light surface and located between the silicon substrate and the second doped silicon layer 16, and the second interface passivation layer 22 extends from the back light surface to the side surface; on the side surface, the intrinsic silicon layer 15 includes a surface passivation layer 13 and a second interface passivation layer 22 stacked in a direction away from the side surface.
- the protective layer 200 includes a first doped silicon layer 12, an insulating mask layer 21, and a second doped silicon layer 16, and the insulating layer 203 includes an insulating mask layer 21.
- the total thickness of the second passivation layer 204 (i.e., the intrinsic silicon layer 15) and the second conductive layer 205 (i.e., the second doped silicon layer 16) on the backlight surface 120 is H3
- the total thickness of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 at the first position 130a on the side 130 is H31
- the total thickness of the second passivation layer 204 and the second conductive layer 205 at the second position 130b on the side 130 is H32, satisfying: H32 ⁇ H31 ⁇ H3.
- H32 ⁇ H31 ⁇ H3 please refer to the above text and will not be repeated here.
- the back contact cell includes: a silicon substrate 100, a first interface passivation layer 20, a first doped silicon layer 12, an intrinsic silicon layer 15, a second doped silicon layer 16 and a transparent conductive layer 208.
- the silicon substrate 100 includes a backlight surface and a light-receiving surface that are arranged opposite to each other, and a side surface connecting the backlight surface and the light-receiving surface.
- the first doped silicon layer 12, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208 are sequentially arranged on the side surface.
- the first doped silicon layer 12 and the intrinsic silicon layer 15 are in direct contact. Among them, the conductivity types of the first doped silicon layer 12 and the second doped silicon layer 16 are opposite.
- the first doped silicon layer 12, the intrinsic silicon layer 15, and the second doped silicon layer 16 arranged on the side of the silicon substrate 100 can also protect the side of the silicon substrate 100, reduce the risk of damage and leakage due to the side of the silicon substrate 100 being directly exposed to the outside, and improve the structural reliability of the back contact battery.
- the following is only used to illustrate the differences between the back contact cell provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application and the contact cell provided in the first aspect.
- the similarities between the back contact cell provided in the second aspect and the contact cell provided in the first aspect, such as the conductivity type of the silicon substrate, the formation range and thickness of the first doped silicon layer on the side, and the formation range and thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer on the side, can refer to the corresponding description in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.
- the intrinsic silicon layer 15 has a certain transmission resistance, which is beneficial to reduce the forward leakage of the back contact cell and to balance the conversion efficiency and hot spot risk of the back contact cell.
- the intrinsic silicon layer 15 has a certain transmission resistance, which is beneficial to reduce the forward leakage of the back contact cell and to balance the conversion efficiency and hot spot risk of the back contact cell.
- the specific thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer disposed on the side of the silicon substrate can be determined according to the anti-leakage requirements of the first doped silicon layer and the second doped silicon layer disposed on the side of the silicon substrate in actual application scenarios, and is not specifically limited here.
- the thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer can be greater than or equal to 5nm and less than or equal to 30nm.
- the thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer is within the above range, which is conducive to preventing the poor passivation performance and protection of the intrinsic silicon layer due to its small thickness, ensuring that the side has a lower carrier recombination rate and higher structural reliability, and at the same time, it is also conducive to reducing the forward leakage loss of the back contact battery.
- the thickness of the second interface passivation layer (or the second interface passivation layer and the surface passivation layer) from being large due to the large thickness of the intrinsic silicon layer, ensuring that the second interface passivation layer has a lower tunneling resistance, and the surface passivation layer has a lower barrier effect on light transmission, ensuring that the back contact battery has a higher conversion efficiency.
- the back contact cell may further include an anti-reflection layer 207.
- the anti-reflection layer 207 is disposed on the side of the surface passivation layer 13 away from the silicon substrate 100.
- the anti-reflection layer 207 extends from the light-receiving side to the side, and the side anti-reflection layer 207 is disposed between the second doped silicon layer 16 and the transparent conductive layer 208.
- an anti-reflection layer 207 is added to the film layer disposed on the side of the silicon substrate 100, which can further enhance the protection of the side of the silicon substrate 100, reduce the risk of damage to the side of the silicon substrate 100, and reduce forward leakage loss.
- an embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly, comprising the solar cell in any of the above embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
100-硅基底;110-受光面;120-背光面;
120a-第一区域;120b-第二区域;
130-侧面;130a-第一位置;130b-第二位置;
200-保护层;201-第一钝化层;202-第一导电层;203-绝缘层;204-
第二钝化层;205-第二导电层;206-第三钝化层;207-减反层;208-透明导电层;
12-第一掺杂硅层;13-表面钝化层;15-本征硅层;16-第二掺杂硅层;
20-第一界面钝化层;21-绝缘掩膜层;22-第二界面钝化层。
Claims (30)
- 一种太阳能电池,其中,包括:硅基底;所述硅基底具有相对的受光面和背光面,以及设于所述受光面和所述背光面之间的侧面;所述侧面上设有保护层,沿远离所述硅基底的方向,所述保护层包括依次设置于所述侧面上的第一导电层、绝缘层和第二导电层;所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层导电类型相反。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其中,沿平行于所述背光面的方向,所述背光面具有交替设置的第一区域和第二区域;所述第一区域形成有所述第一导电层,所述第二区域形成有所述第二导电层。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述保护层还包括位于所述侧面和所述第一导电层之间的第一钝化层、以及位于所述绝缘层和所述第二导电层之间的第二钝化层;沿平行于所述背光面的方向,所述背光面具有交替设置的第一区域和第二区域;沿远离所述硅基底的方向,所述第一区域依次形成有所述第一钝化层和所述第一导电层,所述第二区域依次形成有所述第二钝化层和所述第二导电层;所述第一区域与所述第二区域之间设有所述绝缘层。
- 根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述侧面与所述背光面交界处为第一位置,所述侧面与所述受光面交界处为第二位置,所述保护层在所述第一位置的厚度大于所述保护层在所述第二位置的厚度。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述保护层在所述第一位置的厚度为D1,所述保护层在所述第二位置的厚度为D2,满足:1<D1/D2≤10。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背光面上的所述绝缘层的厚度为H2,所述侧面上位于所述第一位置的所述绝缘层的厚度为H21,所述侧面上位于所述第二位置的所述绝缘层的厚度为H22,H2、H21、H22满足以下关系式中的至少一个:H22<H21≤H2、0.2≤H22/H21<1、0.5≤H21/H2≤1、0.2≤H22/H2≤0.6。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背光面上的所述第一钝化层和所述第一导电层的总厚度为H1,所述侧面上位于所述第一位置的所述第一钝化层和所述第一导电层的总厚度为H11,所述侧面上位于所述第二位置的所述第一钝化层和所述第一导电层的总厚度为H12,H1、H11、H12满足以下关系式中的至少一个:H12<H11≤H1、0.2≤H12/H11<1、0.5≤H11/H1≤1、0.2≤H12/H1≤0.6。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背光面上的所述第二钝化层和所述第二导电层的总厚度为H3,所述侧面上位于所述第一位置的所述第二钝化层和所述第二导电层的总厚度为H31,所述侧面上位于所述第二位置的所述第二钝化层和所述第二导电层的总厚度为H32,H3、H31、H32满足以下关系式中的至少一个:H32<H31≤H3、0.2≤H32/H31<1、0.5≤H31/H3≤1、0.2≤H32/H3≤0.6。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述保护层还包括第三钝化层和减反层,所述第三钝化层设于所述第二导电层背离所述侧面的一侧,所述减反层设于所述第三钝化层背离所述第二导电层的一侧;沿远离所述硅基底的方向,所述受光面上依次形成有所述第三钝化层和所述减反层。
- 根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述受光面上的所述第三钝化层和所述减反层的总厚度为H4,所述侧面上位于所述第一位置的所述第三钝化层和所述减反层的总厚度为H41,所述侧面上位于所述第二位置的所述第三钝化层和所述减反层的总厚度为H42,H4、H41、H42满足以下关系式中的至少一个:H41<H42≤H4、0.1≤H42/H41<1、0.1≤H41/H4≤0.4、0.5≤H42/H4≤0.8。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述保护层还包括:透明导电层,所述透明导电层设于所述第二导电层背离所述侧面一侧;在所述第一区域和所述第二区域中至少一个区域设有所述透明导电层,所述透明导电层设于所述第一导电层和/或所述第二导电层背离所述背光面的一侧。
- 根据权利要求11所述的太阳能电池,其中,位于所述背光面的所述透明导电层的厚度为H5,所述侧面上位于所述第一位置的所述透明导电层的厚度为H51,所述侧面上位于所述第二位置的所述透明导电层的厚度为H52,H5、H51、H52满足以下关系式中的至少一个:H52<H51≤H5、0.3≤H52/H51<1、0.5≤H51/H5≤1、0.2≤H52/H5≤0.5。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述太阳能电池为背接触电池;所述第一导电层为第一掺杂硅层,所述第二导电层为第二掺杂硅层,所述绝缘层包括表面钝化层和减反层;其中,所述背接触电池包括:沿远离所述硅基底的方向,依次设置在所述侧面上的第一界面钝化层、所述第一掺杂硅层、所述表面钝化层、所述减反层、本征硅层、所述第二掺杂硅层和透明导电层;其中,沿所述硅基底的厚度方向,所述表面钝化层和所述减反层还依次设置于所述受光面上,且所述表面钝化层和所述减反层由所述受光面延伸至所述侧面。
- 根据权利要求13所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背光面包括第一区域和第二区域;所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层位于所述第一区域;所述本征硅层和所述第二掺杂硅层位于所述第二区域,且由所述第二区域延伸至所述第一区域,并覆盖部分所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层;所述绝缘层还包括绝缘掩膜层;所述绝缘掩膜层设置在位于所述侧面的所述第一掺杂硅层和所述表面钝化层之间,且所述绝缘掩膜层还沿所述硅基底的厚度方向设置在位于所述背光面的所述本征硅层和所述第一掺杂硅层之间。
- 根据权利要求14所述的太阳能电池,其中,在所述硅基底的侧面,所述绝缘掩膜层的厚度沿所述受光面至所述背光面的方向逐渐增大;和/或,设置在所述侧面的所述绝缘掩膜层位于所述侧面的局部区域上;沿所述硅基底的厚度方向,所述绝缘掩膜层在所述侧面上的最大延伸长度与所述硅基底的厚度之间的比值小于等于80%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述太阳能电池为背接触电池;所述第一导电层为第一掺杂硅层,所述第二导电层为第二掺杂硅层,所述绝缘层包括绝缘掩膜层;其中,所述背接触电池包括:沿远离所述硅基底的方向,依次设置在所述侧面上的第一界面钝化层、所述第一掺杂硅层、所述绝缘掩膜层、本征硅层、所述第二掺杂硅层和透明导电层;其中,所述背接触电池包括设置于所述受光面的表面钝化层,且所述表面钝化层由所述受光面延伸至所述侧面;所述背接触电池还包括设置于所述背光面、且位于所述硅基底和所述第二掺杂硅层之间的第二界面钝化层,所述第二界面钝化层由所述背光面延伸至所述侧面;在所述侧面,所述本征硅层包括沿背离所述侧面的方向层叠设置的所述表面钝化层和所述第二界面钝化层。
- 根据权利要求16所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背接触电池还包括设置于所述受光面的减反层,所述减反层由所述受光面延伸至所述侧面;在所述侧面,沿背离所述侧面的方向所述减反层设置在所述第二掺杂硅层和所述透明导电层之间。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,设置在所述侧面的所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层仅位于所述侧面的局部区域上、且靠近所述背光面;其中,沿所述硅基底的厚度方向,所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层在所述侧面上的最大延伸长度与所述硅基底的厚度之间的比值大于等于70%;和/或,所述侧面中未覆盖所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层的区域表面为绒面,且所述绒面在所述侧面上的最大延伸长度与所述硅基底的厚度之间的比值小于等于30%;和/或,在所述侧面中,未覆盖所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层的区域的表面反射率小于覆盖所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层的区域的表面反射率;和/或,所述侧面中未覆盖所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层的区域表面为绒面;和/或,所述侧面中覆盖所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层的区域表面为抛光面。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述第一界面钝化层和/或所述第一掺杂硅层各部分的厚度相同;和/或,在所述硅基底的侧面,所述表面钝化层的厚度相等,或,所述表面钝化层的厚度沿所述背光面至所述受光面的方向逐渐增大;和/或,在所述硅基底的侧面,所述本征硅层、所述第二掺杂硅层和所述透明导电层中的至少一者的厚度沿所述受光面至所述背光面的方向逐渐增大。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,设置在所述侧面的所述表面钝化层位于所述侧面的局部区域上、且靠近所述受光面;沿所述硅基底的厚度方向,所述表面钝化层在所述侧面上的最大延伸长度与所述硅基底的厚度之间的比值小于等于80%。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述表面钝化层的材料包括氧化铝、本征非晶硅、掺杂硅玻璃中的至少一种;和/或,所述第一掺杂硅层的厚度大于等于30nm、且小于等于140nm;和/或,所述本征硅层的厚度大于等于8nm、且小于等于14nm。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,在所述硅基底的侧面中,设置有所述第一界面钝化层和所述第一掺杂硅层的区域具有塔基状纹理结构;其中,所述第一界面钝化层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的底面的厚度小于所述第一界面钝化层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的侧壁的厚度。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底的侧面具有塔基状纹理结构;其中,所述第一界面钝化层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的底面的厚度小于所述第一界面钝化层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的侧壁的厚度;所述本征硅层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的底面的厚度大于所述本征硅层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的侧壁的厚度;和/或,所述第二掺杂硅层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的底面的厚度大于所述第二掺杂硅层位于所述塔基状纹理结构的侧壁的厚度。
- 根据权利要求13或16所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底的侧面内形成有掺杂层;所述掺杂层内的掺杂剂包括所述第一掺杂硅层内的掺杂剂。
- 一种太阳能电池,所述太阳能电池为背接触电池,其中,所述背接触电池包括:硅基底,所述硅基底包括相对设置的背光面和受光面,以及连接所述背光面和所述受光面的侧面;以及沿背离所述侧面的方向,依次设置在所述侧面上的第一界面钝化层、第一掺杂硅层、本征硅层、第二掺杂硅层和透明导电层;在所述硅基底的侧面,所述第一掺杂硅层和所述本征硅层直接接触;其中,所述第一掺杂硅层和所述第二掺杂硅层的导电类型相反。
- 根据权利要求25所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背接触电池包括设置于所述受光面上的表面钝化层,且所述表面钝化层由所述受光面延伸至所述侧面;所述背接触电池还包括设置于所述背光面,且位于所述硅基底和所述第二掺杂硅层之间的第二界面钝化层,所述第二界面钝化层由所述背光面延伸至所述侧面;在所述侧面,所述本征硅层包括沿背离所述侧面的方向,层叠设置的所述表面钝化层和所述第二界面钝化层;和/或,在所述硅基底的侧面,所述本征硅层各部分的厚度相同;和/或,在所述硅基底的侧面,所述本征硅层的厚度大于等于5nm、且小于等于30nm。
- 根据权利要求26所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背接触电池还包括减反层;在所述受光面,所述减反层设置在所述表面钝化层背离所述硅基底一侧;所述减反层由所述受光面延伸至所述侧面,且在所述侧面,所述减反层设置在所述第二掺杂硅层和所述透明导电层之间。
- 根据权利要求25所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述背接触电池还包括沿硅基底的厚度方向依次设置于所述受光面上的表面钝化层和减反层,且所述表面钝化层和所述减反层由所述受光面延伸至所述侧面;在所述侧面,且沿背离所述侧面的方向,所述表面钝化层和所述减反层依次层叠设置在所述第二掺杂硅层和所述透明导电层之间。
- 根据权利要求25所述的太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底的侧面内形成有掺杂层;所述掺杂层内的掺杂剂包括所述第一掺杂硅层内的掺杂剂。
- 一种光伏组件,其中,所述光伏组件包括根据权利要求1-24中任一项所述的太阳能电池,或者,所述光伏组件包括根据权利要求25-29中任一项所述的太阳能电池。
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| CN121815752A (zh) * | 2026-03-10 | 2026-04-07 | 通威太阳能(成都)有限公司 | 背接触太阳电池及光伏组件 |
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