WO2025161218A1 - 一种1.5v锂电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种1.5v锂电池及其制造方法

Info

Publication number
WO2025161218A1
WO2025161218A1 PCT/CN2024/096456 CN2024096456W WO2025161218A1 WO 2025161218 A1 WO2025161218 A1 WO 2025161218A1 CN 2024096456 W CN2024096456 W CN 2024096456W WO 2025161218 A1 WO2025161218 A1 WO 2025161218A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
middle frame
plastic
metal shell
pcb board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/096456
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨昌军
肖朋飞
赵建
周伟
侯强
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamedata Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hamedata Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202410147169.3A external-priority patent/CN117673498B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202420272216.2U external-priority patent/CN222338380U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202410218290.0A external-priority patent/CN117855628A/zh
Application filed by Hamedata Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Hamedata Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP24743643.9A priority Critical patent/EP4621903A1/en
Priority to US18/783,578 priority patent/US12300793B1/en
Publication of WO2025161218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025161218A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/1245—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure characterised by the external coating on the casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of lithium battery technology, and in particular to a 1.5V lithium battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • a low-voltage lithium battery is disclosed.
  • the high voltage (3.0-4.2V) of the lithium battery is converted to a low voltage of 1.5V through a voltage drop circuit board, thereby replacing the common No. 5 and No. 7 batteries.
  • a step-down circuit is disclosed that can constantly output a low voltage of 1.5V.
  • the above existing technologies all use cylindrical battery cells, which can generally be soft-pack battery cells or hard-shell battery cells, with a metal shell on the outside. Although the assembly process is simple, the cost is high.
  • the present invention provides a 1.5V lithium battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • a 1.5V lithium battery comprising a circuit assembly, a plastic middle frame, a wound cell assembly, a metal shell and an insulating outer skin, wherein the insulating outer skin is covered on the outside of the metal shell, and the circuit assembly, plastic middle frame and wound cell assembly are arranged in the metal shell in sequence from top to bottom; a rolling groove is provided inwardly on the upper part of the metal shell, and a spinning edge is provided inwardly on the top, and the rolling groove confines the wound cell assembly to the bottom of the metal shell, and the plastic middle frame is confined between the rolling groove and the spinning edge, and realizes sealing with the metal shell, and the circuit assembly is arranged on the plastic middle frame.
  • This application directly places the wound cell assembly into the metal casing, eliminating the need for a casing compared to existing soft-pack or hard-shell lithium cells, resulting in lower costs.
  • Rolling grooves secure the wound cell assembly, and the grooves and the spun edge at the top together compress and seal the plastic midframe, preventing electrolyte leakage.
  • the plastic middle frame and the metal shell are sealed by a tight fit; or a sealing ring is provided on the lower end of the plastic middle frame, and the sealing ring is pressed between the plastic middle frame and the rolling groove, thereby achieving sealing between the plastic middle frame and the metal shell.
  • the wound battery cell assembly includes a wound battery cell, a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, an upper separator and a lower separator.
  • the positive electrode tab passes through the center hole of the upper separator and is electrically connected to the circuit assembly.
  • the negative electrode tab is wound from the side of the wound battery cell to the bottom surface, and the end is welded to the bottom wall of the metal shell.
  • the circuit assembly includes a PCB board, a low-voltage positive electrode cap, a negative electrode spring and a high-voltage positive electrode cap.
  • the front of the PCB board is provided with a low-voltage positive electrode copper ring and a negative electrode copper ring, and the back is provided with a high-voltage positive electrode copper ring.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap is welded on the positive electrode copper ring through a patch.
  • the negative electrode spring includes a base ring and lift pieces evenly distributed around the base ring.
  • the back of the base ring is welded on the negative electrode copper ring through a patch, and the lift pieces are elastically crimped with the spun edge of the metal shell; the high-voltage positive electrode cap is welded on the high-voltage positive electrode copper ring through a patch and serves as the high-voltage positive electrode input terminal.
  • the high-voltage positive electrode cap is connected to the positive electrode ear by welding.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap serves as the low-voltage output positive electrode of the lithium battery, and the metal shell serves as the common negative electrode.
  • the inner wall of the plastic middle frame is provided with a flange edge for supporting the PCB board, and a potting compound is also provided between the high-voltage positive electrode cap and the plastic middle frame to form a seal to isolate the electrolyte;
  • the electronic components on the PCB board are centrally arranged in the low-voltage positive electrode cap and the high-voltage positive electrode cap;
  • positive and negative electrode separators are also pasted above the spun edge, and the upper surface of the positive and negative electrode separators is also wrapped by an insulating outer skin.
  • the circuit assembly includes a PCB board, a low-voltage positive electrode cap, a charging interface, a negative electrode spring and a positive electrode adapter.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap is welded on the upper surface of the PCB board through a patch.
  • the charging interface and the positive electrode adapter are arranged on the lower surface of the PCB board.
  • a common negative electrode pad is provided on the upper surface of the PCB board.
  • the negative electrode spring includes a substrate and a plurality of warping pieces arranged on the outer edge of the substrate. The back of the substrate is welded on the common negative electrode pad through a patch. The warping piece is elastically pressed with the spinning edge of the metal shell.
  • the positive electrode ear of the wound battery cell assembly is welded and fixed to the positive electrode adapter, and the negative electrode ear is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the metal shell.
  • the PCB board is clamped in the plastic middle frame.
  • the PCB board is also provided with Charging indicator light, a charging hole and a light-transmitting hole are provided at the same position of the insulating outer skin and the metal shell, and the plastic middle frame is made of a transparent material.
  • a first through hole is provided in the middle of the bottom wall of the plastic middle frame, the positive electrode adapter plate passes downward through the first through hole, is bent and connected to the positive electrode ear by spot welding, and a potting compound is provided at the first through hole to form a seal to isolate the electrolyte; positive and negative electrode separators are also pasted above the spun edge, and the outer parts of the positive and negative electrode separators are wrapped by an insulating outer skin, and a PCB board separator is also provided between the PCB board and the spun edge to prevent short circuit between the electronic components or solder joints on the PCB board and the spun edge; a PCB board accommodating cavity is provided inside the plastic middle frame, and a plurality of first clips are dispersed on the inner wall of the upper end, and the first clips confine the PCB board in the accommodating cavity; a thin-walled pressure relief hole is also provided on the bottom wall of the plastic middle frame, and the thin-walled pressure relief hole is located below the charging interface.
  • the circuit assembly includes a PCB board, a positive contact spring, a positive adapter plate, a negative spring plate and a low-voltage positive cap
  • the plastic middle frame includes a plastic upper shell and a plastic lower shell that are buckled into each other
  • the PCB board is vertically arranged between the plastic upper shell and the plastic lower shell
  • the positive contact spring is arranged at the upper end of the PCB board
  • the positive adapter plate is arranged at the lower end of the PCB board
  • the charging interface and the negative spring plate are arranged in the middle of the PCB board
  • the low-voltage positive cap is arranged on the plastic upper shell
  • the positive contact spring passes through the plastic upper shell upward and elastically contacts the inner wall of the low-voltage positive cap
  • the negative spring plate elastically contacts the inner wall of the metal shell
  • the positive pole ear of the wound battery cell assembly is welded to the positive adapter plate
  • a positive and negative separator is further provided between the spinning edge and the low-voltage positive cap
  • a slot is provided on the side of the plastic upper shell, a buckle hole is provided on the side wall of the slot, an insert is provided on the plastic lower shell, a second buckle is provided on the inner side of the insert, and after the plastic upper shell and the plastic lower shell are docked, the insert is inserted into the slot and the second buckle is embedded in the buckle hole; the side wall of the plastic upper shell is also provided with a first avoidance hole and a second avoidance hole, which are used to expose the charging port and the negative electrode spring respectively.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned 1.5V lithium battery, comprising the following steps:
  • an insulating outer layer is wrapped around the metal shell.
  • This application directly places the wound cell assembly into the metal casing, which is more cost-effective. Rolling grooves and spun edges are provided on the metal casing to secure the wound cell assembly and the plastic midframe, achieving a tight seal and preventing electrolyte leakage.
  • the PCB board in the circuit assembly of this application is also equipped with necessary circuits such as a step-down circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit, a charging circuit, and an over-discharge protection circuit.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap serves as the positive electrode of the battery, and the metal casing serves as the negative electrode of the battery, which can stably output low voltage.
  • This application sets a low-voltage positive cap and a high-voltage positive cap, and sets a positive copper ring, a negative copper ring and a high-voltage input copper ring on the PCB board. No conductive cables are used, and the electrical performance is more stable.
  • FIG1 is a perspective view of a 1.5V lithium battery according to Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a 1.5V lithium battery according to Example 1 of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of point B in Figure 2;
  • FIG5 is a front perspective view of the PCB board described in Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a perspective view of the back side of the PCB board according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a perspective view of the wound battery cell assembly according to Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the circuit assembly according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the circuit assembly and the plastic middle frame according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a front perspective view of the assembled circuit assembly and the plastic middle frame according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a rear perspective view of the assembled circuit assembly and the plastic middle frame according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the circuit assembly and the plastic middle frame after dispensing glue in the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of placing the wound battery cell assembly into the metal housing according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the operation of welding the negative electrode tab to the metal housing according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the process of making a rolling groove on a metal shell according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of welding the positive electrode tab to the low-voltage positive electrode cap in accordance with the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of placing the circuit assembly and the plastic middle frame into the metal housing according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the process of producing a spinning edge on a metal housing in accordance with the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the process of pasting the positive and negative electrode separators onto the spinning edge in accordance with the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram of placing the metal shell into the insulating outer skin according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 is a schematic diagram of a state where the metal shell is placed into the insulating outer skin according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG22 is a schematic diagram of a state where an insulating outer skin is wrapped around a metal housing according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG23 is a perspective view of the 1.5V lithium battery described in Example 2 of the present application.
  • FIG24 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a 1.5V lithium battery according to Example 2 of the present application.
  • Figure 25 is an enlarged view of point C in Figure 24;
  • FIG26 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the 1.5V lithium battery described in Example 2 of the present application.
  • FIG27 is a rear perspective view of the PCB board and plastic middle frame assembly according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG28 is a front perspective view of the exploded structure of the PCB board and the plastic middle frame according to the second embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG29 is a back perspective view of the exploded structure of the PCB board and the plastic middle frame according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG30 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the PCB board according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG31 is a perspective view of the 1.5V lithium battery described in Example 3 of the present application.
  • FIG32 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of a 1.5V lithium battery according to Example 3 of the present application.
  • Figure 33 is an enlarged view of point D in Figure 32;
  • FIG34 is a schematic diagram of a half-section structure of the 1.5V lithium battery according to the third embodiment of the present application from another angle;
  • Figure 35 is an enlarged view of point E in Figure 34;
  • FIG36 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the 1.5V lithium battery described in Example 3 of the present application.
  • Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the PCB board and the plastic middle frame described in Example 3 of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application discloses a 1.5V lithium battery, comprising a circuit assembly 1, a plastic middle frame 2, a wound cell assembly 3, a metal shell 4, and an insulating outer skin 5.
  • the insulating outer skin 5 is coated on the outside of the metal shell 4, and the circuit assembly 1, the plastic middle frame 2, and the wound cell assembly 3 are sequentially arranged in the metal shell 4 from top to bottom.
  • a rolling groove 41 is provided inwardly on the upper portion of the metal shell 4, and a spinning edge 42 is provided inwardly on the top portion.
  • the rolling groove 41 confines the wound cell assembly 3 to the bottom of the metal shell 4.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 is confined between the rolling groove 41 and the spinning edge 42, and is sealed with the metal shell 4.
  • the circuit assembly 1 is arranged on the plastic middle frame 2. In this embodiment, the plastic middle frame 2 and the metal shell 4 are sealed by a tight fit.
  • the wound battery cell assembly 3 includes a wound battery cell 31, a positive electrode tab 32, a negative electrode tab 33, an upper separator 34 and a lower separator 35.
  • the positive electrode tab 32 passes through the center hole of the upper separator 34 and is electrically connected to the circuit assembly 1.
  • the negative electrode tab 33 is wound around the side of the wound battery cell 31 to the bottom surface, and the end is welded to the bottom wall of the metal shell 4.
  • the wound battery cell assembly 3 can choose the common ternary wound battery cell assembly or iron phosphate wound battery cell assembly on the market. Of course, other types of wound battery cell assemblies can also be selected.
  • the voltage range is between 3.0-4.2V. After the voltage drop of the PCB board 11, a constant voltage of 1.5V is output.
  • the insulating outer skin 5 of this application is preferably made of PVC material, which has the characteristics of heat shrinkage and can tightly wrap the metal shell 4 by blowing hot air.
  • the circuit assembly 1 includes a PCB board 11, a low-voltage positive electrode cap 12, a negative electrode spring 13, and a high-voltage positive electrode cap 14.
  • the front of the PCB board 11 is provided with a low-voltage positive electrode copper ring 111 and a negative electrode copper ring 112, and the back is provided with a high-voltage positive electrode copper ring 113.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 is soldered to the positive electrode copper ring via patch welding.
  • the negative electrode spring 13 includes a base ring 131 and lift tabs 132 evenly distributed around the base ring 131.
  • the back of the base ring 131 is soldered to the negative electrode copper ring 112 via patch welding.
  • the lift tabs 132 are elastically pressed against the spun edge 42 of the metal housing 4.
  • the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14 is soldered to the high-voltage positive electrode copper ring 113 via patch welding and serves as the high-voltage positive electrode input terminal.
  • the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14 is connected to the positive electrode tab 32 by welding, the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 serves as the low-voltage output positive electrode of the lithium battery, and the metal shell 4 serves as the common negative electrode.
  • the PCB board 11 in the circuit assembly 1 of this embodiment also houses essential circuits such as a step-down circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit, a charging circuit, and an over-discharge protection circuit.
  • the PCB board 11 is characterized by a low-voltage positive copper ring 111 and a negative copper ring 112 on the front, and a high-voltage positive copper ring 113 on the back.
  • the low-voltage positive copper ring 111 serves as the low-voltage output positive electrode
  • the high-voltage positive copper ring 113 serves as the high-voltage input positive electrode
  • the negative copper ring 112 serves as the common negative electrode.
  • These three copper rings are electrically connected to external conductive components, achieving both high-voltage input and low-voltage output functions. This allows for a stable 1.5V low-voltage output and single-port charging and discharging capabilities, eliminating the need for any conductive cables. This results in higher electrical stability and simplifies the internal connection structure of the lithium battery, making it less prone to problems
  • the lift tab 132 is elastically pressed against the spun edge 42 of the metal housing 4 .
  • the elastic pressing can prevent the metal housing 4 from being loosely pressed against the negative copper ring 112 on the PCB board 11 or from damaging the negative copper ring 112 .
  • the inner wall of the plastic middle frame 2 is provided with a flange 21 for supporting the PCB 11.
  • a potting compound 7 is also provided between the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14 and the plastic middle frame 2 to form a seal and isolate the electrolyte.
  • the electronic components 114 on the PCB 11 are centrally arranged within the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 and the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14.
  • a positive and negative electrode separator 8 is also adhered above the spun edge 42, and a portion of the upper surface of the positive and negative electrode separator 8 is also wrapped by the insulating outer sheath 5.
  • the potting compound 7 can fill the gap between the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14 and the plastic middle frame 2, achieving a good sealing effect to isolate the electrolyte and prevent the electrolyte from contacting the PCB board 11, causing corrosion and leading to premature failure of the PCB board 11.
  • the potting compound 7 can be given a specific strength.
  • the temperature rises and the air pressure increases.
  • the potting compound can be broken. Glue 7 is used to release the pressure to prevent the lithium battery from over-pressure and explosion.
  • the low-voltage positive cap 12 and the high-voltage positive cap 14 are both soldered to the PCB board 11 through patch welding.
  • the connection strength is good and the fixation is reliable.
  • the cross-sectional area of the connection is large, the resistance is small, and the conductivity is good.
  • the electronic components 114 on the PCB board 11 are preferably arranged in a concentrated manner inside the low-voltage positive cap 12 and the high-voltage positive cap 14.
  • the electronic components 114 are arranged reasonably, making full use of the internal space of the low-voltage positive cap 12 and the high-voltage positive cap 14; second, the low-voltage positive cap 12 and the high-voltage positive cap 14 are strong and can play a protective role.
  • the electronic components 114 will not come into contact with the outside world and will not be damaged; third, they have a sealing effect to prevent water and dust from entering, thereby increasing the service life of the PCB board 11.
  • the electronic components 114 in the high-voltage positive cap 14 of this application are three-in-one step-down chips, which belong to the existing technology and have the advantages of high integration and small size. The design of the PCB board 11 is easier.
  • the electronic components 114 in the low-voltage positive cap 12 are components such as inductors, capacitors, and resistors. In addition, because the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 is exposed and needs to be in contact with the outside, it is easily impacted, and a higher-strength fixed connection method is required.
  • a flange 21 is provided on the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12.
  • the flange 21 has a certain width, which is several times the wall thickness of the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12. Therefore, the contact area with the low-voltage positive electrode copper ring 111 is large, and the fixation is reliable and impact-resistant. Since the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14 is not exposed and will not be subject to external impact, the strength requirement is slightly lower, so the flange 21 can be omitted.
  • the positive and negative electrode separators 8 can prevent dust and other debris from entering between the negative electrode spring 13 and the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 to avoid short circuit between the two.
  • Part of the upper surface of the positive and negative electrode separators 8 is also wrapped by the insulating outer skin 5, which further fixes the positive and negative electrode separators 8.
  • the specific connection principle of the circuit is as follows: the positive electrode tab 32 of the wound battery cell assembly 3 is connected to the PCB board 11 through the high-voltage positive electrode cap 14 and the high-voltage positive electrode copper ring 113, and the negative electrode tab 33 of the wound battery cell assembly 3 is connected to the PCB board 11 through the metal shell 4, the negative electrode spring 13, and the negative electrode copper ring 112.
  • the positive electrode of the lithium battery is output from the low-voltage positive electrode copper ring 111 and the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12, and the negative electrode of the lithium battery is output from the negative electrode copper ring 112, the negative electrode spring 13, and the metal shell 4.
  • This application directly places the wound cell assembly 3 within the metal housing 4, eliminating the need for a housing and reducing costs compared to the prior art methods of using soft-pack or hard-shell lithium cells.
  • the wound cell assembly 3 is secured by the provision of a rolling groove 41.
  • the rolling groove 41 and the upper spun edge 42 together compress and seal the plastic midframe 2, preventing electrolyte leakage and achieving an integrated compression seal.
  • the manufacturing method of the 1.5V lithium battery of this embodiment comprises the following steps:
  • a rolling groove 41 is made on the upper portion of the metal shell 4 by spinning; the wound battery cell assembly 3 is confined within the metal shell 4;
  • a spinning edge 42 is formed on the upper end of the metal housing 4 by spinning, so as to confine the circuit assembly 1 and the plastic middle frame 2 inside the metal housing 4;
  • the manufacturing method described in this application has reasonable procedures, high yield rate, and can be industrialized and mass-produced.
  • the main difference from the first embodiment is that a charging interface 15 is added, and charging is performed directly through the charging interface 15.
  • the charging interface 15 can adopt a common interface such as miniUSB or TYPE-C in the prior art.
  • the circuit assembly 1 includes a PCB board 11, a low-voltage positive electrode cap 12, a charging interface 15, a negative electrode spring 13, and a positive electrode adapter 16.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 is soldered to the upper surface of the PCB board 11 via patch welding, and the charging interface 15 and the positive electrode adapter 16 are arranged on the lower surface of the PCB board 11.
  • a common negative electrode pad 115 is provided on the upper surface of the PCB board 11.
  • the negative electrode spring 13 includes a base plate 133 and a plurality of tabs 132 arranged on the outer edge of the base plate 133. The back of the base plate 133 is soldered to the common negative electrode pad 115 via patch welding.
  • the tabs 132 are elastically pressed against the spun edge 42 of the metal shell 4.
  • the positive electrode tab 32 of the wound battery cell assembly 3 is welded and fixed to the positive electrode adapter 16, and the negative electrode tab 33 is welded and fixed to the bottom end of the metal shell 4.
  • the PCB 11 is snapped into the plastic middle frame 2.
  • a charging indicator light 17 is also provided on the PCB 11 to indicate when charging is in progress.
  • Charging holes 51 and 43 and light-transmitting holes 52 and 44 are provided at the same locations on the insulating outer shell 5 and the metal shell 4.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 is made of a transparent material.
  • a first through-hole 22 is provided in the middle of the bottom wall of the plastic middle frame 2.
  • the positive electrode adapter 16 passes downward through the first through-hole 22 and is bent and connected to the positive electrode tab 32 by spot welding. Potting compound 7 is provided at the first through-hole 22 to form a seal to isolate the electrolyte.
  • a positive and negative electrode separator 8 is also adhered above the spun edge 42. The outer portion of the positive and negative electrode separator 8 is wrapped by an insulating outer sheath 5.
  • a PCB board separator 9 is also provided between the PCB board 11 and the spun edge 42 to prevent short circuits between the electronic components 114 or solder joints on the PCB board 11 and the spun edge 42.
  • the interior of the plastic middle frame 2 is provided with a PCB board 11 accommodating cavity 23.
  • a plurality of first clips 24 are dispersed on the inner wall of the upper end.
  • the first clips 24 confine the PCB board 11 within the accommodating cavity 23. Since the first clips 24 have a certain elastic deformation capability, the PCB board 11 can be directly pressed into the accommodating cavity 23. The first clips 24 can prevent the PCB board 11 from falling out.
  • the plastic midframe 2 also isolates the PCB 11 from the metal housing 4.
  • a thin-walled pressure relief hole 25 is also provided on the bottom wall of the plastic midframe 2. Located below the charging port 15, this hole allows pressure relief by breaking through the thin wall in the event of a malfunction within the wound battery cell assembly 3, leading to a temperature rise and a sudden increase in pressure. This reduces the risk of lithium battery explosion.
  • the thin-walled pressure relief hole 25 is very close to the charging ports 51 and 43, shortening the pressure relief path.
  • the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 is soldered to the PCB 11 via patch welding, providing reliable fixation and electrical connection. Some of the electronic components 114 on the PCB 11 are placed within the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12, fully utilizing the internal space of the low-voltage positive electrode cap 12. The low-voltage positive electrode cap 12 protects the internal electronic components 114 and provides a good seal to prevent water and dust ingress.
  • the PCB board 11 is clamped into the plastic middle frame 2.
  • the PCB board 11 cannot easily fall out of the plastic middle frame 2, which plays a fixing role. It can protect the PCB board 11 and prevent it from being compressed when processing the spinning edge 42. It can also isolate the PCB board 11 from the metal housing 4 to prevent short circuits.
  • circuit assembly 1 has undergone significant changes, especially the arrangement of the charging interface 15.
  • the circuit assembly 1 includes a PCB board 11, a positive contact spring 18, a positive adapter plate 16, a negative spring 13 and a low-voltage positive cap 12.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 includes a plastic upper shell 26 and a plastic lower shell 27 that are interlocked with each other.
  • the PCB board 11 is vertically arranged between the plastic upper shell 26 and the plastic lower shell 27.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 has the effect of isolating the PCB board 11 from the metal shell 4.
  • the positive contact spring 18 is arranged at the upper end of the PCB board 11, the positive adapter plate 16 is arranged at the lower end of the PCB board 11, and the charging interface 15 and the negative spring 13 are arranged in the middle of the PCB board 11.
  • the upper plastic shell 26 has a slot 261 on its side, with a buckle hole 262 on its sidewall.
  • the lower plastic shell 27 has an insert 271, with a second buckle 272 located inside the insert 271. After the upper and lower plastic shells 26 and 27 are docked, the insert 271 is inserted into the slot 261, and the second buckle 272 is inserted into the buckle hole 262, thereby securing the upper and lower plastic shells 26 and 27 together.
  • the sidewalls of the upper plastic shell 26 also have a first relief hole 263 and a second relief hole 264, respectively, for exposing the charging port 15 and the negative electrode spring 13.
  • a sealing ring 6 is sleeved on the lower end of the plastic middle frame 2.
  • This sealing ring 6 is compressed between the plastic middle frame 2 and the rolling groove 41, thereby achieving a seal between the plastic middle frame 2 and the metal shell 4.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 is pressed downward, and the sealing ring 6 is deformed by the compression, thus achieving a high degree of sealing and effectively preventing electrolyte leakage.
  • a second through-hole 273 is provided in the middle of the bottom wall of the plastic lower shell 27.
  • the positive electrode adapter 16 passes downward through the second through-hole 273, is bent, and then spot-welded to the positive electrode tab 32.
  • Potting compound 7 is applied to the second through-hole 273 to form a seal, isolating the electrolyte from seeping into the PCB 11 through the second through-hole 273. This also controls the thickness of the potting compound 7 and serves as a pressure relief hole.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 provided in this embodiment can vertically arrange the PCB board 11 in the plastic middle frame 2.
  • the charging interface 15 on the PCB board 11 is also arranged vertically. In this way, the charging interface 15 can be easily placed in the metal shell 4.
  • the plastic middle frame 2 can protect the PCB board 11 and prevent it from being compressed during the processing of the spun edge 42. It can also be isolated from the metal shell 4 to prevent short circuits.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种1.5V锂电池及其制造方法，包括电路组件、塑胶中框、卷绕电芯组件、金属外壳和绝缘外皮，电路组件、塑胶中框和卷绕电芯组件从上向下依次设置在金属外壳内；金属外壳上部向内设有滚槽，顶部向内设有旋压边，所述滚槽将卷绕电芯组件限定在金属外壳的底部，所述塑胶中框被限定在滚槽和旋压边之间，并实现与金属外壳之间的密封，所述电路组件设置在塑胶中框上。本申请直接把卷绕电芯组件放入金属外壳内，相对现有技术中采用软包锂电芯或硬壳锂电芯少了一层包裹外壳，成本更低。通过设置滚槽，实现对卷绕电芯组件的固定，滚槽和上端的旋压边共同把塑胶中框压紧密封，不会泄漏电解液。

Description

一种1.5V锂电池及其制造方法 技术领域
本申请涉及锂电池技术领域，尤其是涉及一种1.5V锂电池及其制造方法。
背景技术
公开号为CN203787480U、名称为“一种可变电压的圆柱型电池装置”的中国专利申请中，公开了一种低压锂电池，通过压降电路板把锂电池的高电压(3.0-4.2V)转变为1.5V的低电压，从而替换常见的5号电池、7号电池。公开号为CN204966611U、名称为“一种1.5V的恒压锂离子电池”的中国专利申请中公开了一种降压电路，能恒定地输出1.5V低电压。以上现有技术均采用圆柱形电芯，一般来讲可以为软包电芯或硬壳电芯，外面再加一层金属外壳，虽然组装工艺简单，但是成本高。
发明内容
为了解决现有1.5V锂电池成本高的技术问题，本发明提供了一种1.5V锂电池及其制造方法。
一方面，本申请提供的技术方案如下：一种1.5V锂电池，包括电路组件、塑胶中框、卷绕电芯组件、金属外壳和绝缘外皮，所述绝缘外皮包覆在金属外壳外，所述电路组件、塑胶中框和卷绕电芯组件从上向下依次设置在金属外壳内；所述金属外壳上部向内设有滚槽，顶部向内设有旋压边，所述滚槽将卷绕电芯组件限定在金属外壳的底部，所述塑胶中框被限定在滚槽和旋压边之间，并实现与金属外壳之间的密封，所述电路组件设置在塑胶中框上。
本申请直接把卷绕电芯组件放入金属外壳内，相对现有技术中采用软包锂电芯或硬壳锂电芯少了一层包裹外壳，成本更低。通过设置滚槽，实现对卷绕电芯组件的固定，滚槽和上端的旋压边共同把塑胶中框压紧密封，不会泄漏电解液。
优选地，所述塑胶中框与金属外壳之间通过紧配合实现密封；或者所述塑胶中框下端套设有密封圈，所述密封圈被压紧在塑胶中框和滚槽之间，从而实现塑胶中框与金属外壳之间的密封。
优选地，所述卷绕电芯组件包括卷绕电芯、正极极耳、负极极耳、上隔离片和下隔离片，所述正极极耳从上隔离片的中心孔处穿出，电连接到电路组件，负极极耳从卷绕电芯的侧面绕到底面，端部焊接到金属外壳的底壁。
优选地，所述电路组件包括PCB板、低压正极盖帽、负极弹片和高压正极盖帽，所述PCB板的正面设有低压正极铜圈和负极铜圈，背面设有高压正极铜圈，所述低压正极盖帽通过贴片焊接在正极铜圈上，所述负极弹片包括基环和均布设置在基环周边的翘片，所述基环背面通过贴片焊接在负极铜圈上，所述翘片与金属外壳的旋压边弹性压接；高压正极盖帽通过贴片焊接在高压正极铜圈上，用作高压正极输入端，所述高压正极盖帽与正极极耳通过焊接连接，所述低压正极盖帽用作锂电池的低压输出正极，金属外壳用作公共负极。
优选地，所述塑胶中框的内壁设有法兰边，用于支撑PCB板，所述高压正极盖帽和塑胶中框之间还设有灌封胶，形成密封，以隔离电解液；所述PCB板上的电子元件集中地布置于低压正极盖帽和高压正极盖帽内；所述旋压边上方还粘贴有正负极隔离片，所述正负极隔离片部分上表面还被绝缘外皮包裹。
优选地，所述电路组件包括PCB板、低压正极盖帽、充电接口、负极弹片和正极转接片，所述低压正极盖帽通过贴片焊接在PCB板上表面，所述充电接口和正极转接片设置在PCB板下表面，所述PCB板上表面设有公共负极焊盘，所述负极弹片包括基片和设置在基片外缘的多个翘片，所述基片背面通过贴片焊接在公共负极焊盘上，所述翘片与金属外壳的旋压边弹性压接，所述卷绕电芯组件的正极极耳与正极转接片焊接固定，负极极耳与金属外壳底端焊接固定，所述PCB板卡接在塑胶中框内，所述PCB板上还设有 充电指示灯，所述绝缘外皮和金属外壳的同一位置设有充电孔和透光孔，所述塑胶中框由透明材质制成。
优选地，所述塑胶中框的底壁中部设有第一通孔，所述正极转接片向下穿过第一通孔，被折弯后与正极极耳通过点焊连接，所述第一通孔处设有灌封胶，形成密封，以隔离电解液；所述旋压边上方还粘贴有正负极隔离片，正负极隔离片的外侧部分被绝缘外皮包裹，所述PCB板和旋压边之间还设有PCB板隔离片，以避免PCB板上电子元件或焊点与旋压边短路；所述塑胶中框的内部设有PCB板的容纳腔，上端内壁分散设有多个第一卡扣，所述第一卡扣将PCB板限定在容纳腔内；所述塑胶中框的底壁上还设有薄壁泄压孔，所述薄壁泄压孔位于充电接口的下方。
优选地，所述电路组件包括PCB板、正极接触弹簧、正极转接片、负极弹片和低压正极盖帽，所述塑胶中框包括相互扣接的塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳，所述PCB板竖直设置在塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳之间，所述正极接触弹簧设置在PCB板的上端，正极转接片设置在PCB板的下端，充电接口和负极弹片设置在PCB板的中部，所述低压正极盖帽设置在塑胶上壳上，所述正极接触弹簧向上穿过塑胶上壳与低压正极盖帽内壁弹性接触，所述负极弹片与金属外壳的内壁弹性接触，所述卷绕电芯组件的正极极耳焊接到正极转接片上，所述旋压边和低压正极盖帽之间还设有正负极隔离片，所述PCB板上还设有充电指示灯，所述绝缘外皮和金属外壳的同一位置设有充电孔和透光孔，所述塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳均为透明材质制成。
优选地，所述塑胶上壳侧面设有插槽，插槽的侧壁设有扣孔，所述塑胶下壳设有插片，所述插片内侧设有第二卡扣，所述塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳对接后，插片插入插槽内，第二卡扣嵌入扣孔内；所述塑胶上壳侧壁还设有第一避让孔和第二避让孔，分别用于露出充电接口和负极弹片。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种上面所述1.5V锂电池的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将卷绕电芯组件置入金属外壳内，并将卷绕电芯组件压紧在金属外壳底部，对金属外壳底部进行点焊，使负极极耳焊接在金属外壳上；
S2，通过旋压的方式在金属外壳上部制作出滚槽；将卷绕电芯组件限定在金属外壳内；
S3，向卷绕电芯组件内加注电解液；
S4，将电路组件置入塑胶中框内；
S5，将卷绕电芯组件的正极极耳焊接到电路组件上；
S6，将电路组件和塑胶中框置入金属外壳内；
S7，利用旋压的方式在金属外壳的上端制作出旋压边，将电路组件和塑胶中框限定在金属外壳内部；
S8，将正负极隔离片粘贴在旋压边上方；
S9,在金属外壳外部包裹一层绝缘外皮。
综上所述，本申请包括以下至少一种有益技术效果：
1.本申请直接把卷绕电芯组件放入金属外壳内，成本更低；在金属外壳上设置滚槽和旋压边，能固定好卷绕电芯组件和塑胶中框，并实现压紧密封，不会泄漏电解液；
2.本申请电路组件中的PCB板上同样设置降压电路、稳压电路、充电电路、过放保护电路等必要电路，低压正极盖帽作为电池正极，金属外壳作为电池负极，能稳定地输出低电压；
3.本申请设置了低压正极盖帽和高压正极盖帽，在PCB板上设置了正极铜圈、负极铜圈和高压输入铜圈，不使用任何导电线缆，电气性能的稳定性更高。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一所述1.5V锂电池的立体图；
图2是本申请实施例一所述1.5V锂电池的半剖结构示意图；
图3是图2中A处放大图；
图4是图2中B处放大图；
图5本申请实施例一所述PCB板的正面立体图；
图6本申请实施例一所述PCB板的背面立体图；
图7是本申请实施例一所述卷绕电芯组件的立体图；
图8是本申请实施例一所述电路组件的组装动作示意图；
图9是本申请实施例一所述电路组件和塑胶中框的组装动作示意图；
图10是本申请实施例一所述电路组件和塑胶中框组装后的正面立体图；
图11是本申请实施例一所述电路组件和塑胶中框组装后的背面立体图；
图12是本申请实施例一所述电路组件和塑胶中框之间点胶后的示意图；
图13是本申请实施例一所述卷绕电芯组件置入金属外壳的组装动作示意图；
图14是本申请实施例一所述负极极耳焊接到金属外壳的动作示意图；
图15是本申请实施例一在金属外壳上制作滚槽的动作示意图；
图16是本申请实施例一将正极极耳焊接到低压正极盖帽上的动作示意图；
图17是本申请实施例一将电路组件和塑胶中框置入金属外壳的动作示意图；
图18是本申请实施例一在金属外壳上制作出旋压边的动作示意图；
图19是本申请实施例一将正负极隔离片粘贴到旋压边上的动作示意图；
图20是本申请实施例一将金属外壳置入绝缘外皮的动作示意图；
图21是本申请实施例一将金属外壳置入绝缘外皮后的状态示意图；
图22是本申请实施例一将绝缘外皮包裹金属外壳的状态示意图；
图23是本申请实施例二所述1.5V锂电池的立体图；
图24是本申请实施例二所述1.5V锂电池的半剖结构示意图；
图25是图24中C处放大图；
图26是本申请实施例二所述1.5V锂电池的分解结构示意图；
图27是本申请实施例二所述PCB板和塑胶中框组合体的背面立体图；
图28是本申请实施例二所述PCB板和塑胶中框分解结构正面立体图；
图29是本申请实施例二所述PCB板和塑胶中框分解结构背面立体图；
图30是本申请实施例二所述PCB板的分解结构示意图；
图31是本申请实施例三所述1.5V锂电池的立体图；
图32是本申请实施例三所述1.5V锂电池的半剖结构示意图；
图33是图32中D处放大图；
图34是本申请实施例三所述1.5V锂电池另一角度的半剖结构示意图；
图35是图34中E处放大图；
图36是本申请实施例三所述1.5V锂电池的分解结构示意图；
图37是本申请实施例三所述PCB板和塑胶中框的分解结构示意图。
附图标记说明：1、电路组件；11、PCB板；111、低压正极铜圈；112、负极铜圈；113、高压正极铜圈；114、电子元件；115、公共负极焊盘；12、低压正极盖帽；13、负极弹片；131、基环；132、翘片；133、基片；14、高压正极盖帽；15、充电接口；16、正极转接片；17、充电指示灯；18、正极接触弹簧；2、塑胶中框；21、法兰边；22、第一通孔；23、容纳腔；24、第一卡扣；25、薄壁泄压孔；26、塑胶上壳；261、插槽；262、扣孔；263、第一避让孔；264、第二避让孔；27、塑胶下壳；271、插片；272、第二卡扣；273、第二通孔；3、卷绕电芯组件；31、卷绕电芯；32、正极极耳；33、负极极耳；34、上隔离片；35、下隔离片；4、金属外壳；41、滚槽；42、旋压边；43、充电孔；44、透光孔；5、绝缘外皮；51、充电孔；52、透光孔；6、密封圈；7、 灌封胶；8、正负极隔离片；9、PCB板隔离片。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图1-37对本申请作进一步详细说明。
实施例一：
参照图1至图22，本申请实施例公开一种1.5V锂电池，包括电路组件1、塑胶中框2、卷绕电芯组件3、金属外壳4和绝缘外皮5，所述绝缘外皮5包覆在金属外壳4外，所述电路组件1、塑胶中框2和卷绕电芯组件3从上向下依次设置在金属外壳4内。所述金属外壳4上部向内设有滚槽41，顶部向内设有旋压边42，所述滚槽41将卷绕电芯组件3限定在金属外壳4的底部。所述塑胶中框2被限定在滚槽41和旋压边42之间，并实现与金属外壳4之间的密封。所述电路组件1设置在塑胶中框2上。在本实施例中，所述塑胶中框2与金属外壳4之间通过紧配合实现密封。
参照图3、图4和图7，所述卷绕电芯组件3包括卷绕电芯31、正极极耳32、负极极耳33、上隔离片34和下隔离片35。所述正极极耳32从上隔离片34的中心孔处穿出，电连接到电路组件1，负极极耳33从卷绕电芯31的侧面绕到底面，端部焊接到金属外壳4的底壁。卷绕电芯组件3可以选择市场上常见的三元卷绕电芯组件或者磷酸铁卷绕电芯组件，当然也可以选择其他类型的卷绕电芯组件，电压范围在3.0-4.2V之间，通过PCB板11的压降后，输出恒压1.5V。由于PCB板11上的各种功能电路已是现有技术，本申请对此并无实质改进，所以此处不再过多描述。本申请绝缘外皮5优选PVC材料，具有热缩的特点，通过吹热风就可以紧紧包裹住金属外壳4。
参照图5、图6和图8，所述电路组件1包括PCB板11、低压正极盖帽12、负极弹片13和高压正极盖帽14。所述PCB板11的正面设有低压正极铜圈111和负极铜圈112，背面设有高压正极铜圈113。所述低压正极盖帽12通过贴片焊接在正极铜圈上，所述负极弹片13包括基环131和均布设置在基环131周边的翘片132，所述基环131背面通过贴片焊接在负极铜圈112上，所述翘片132与金属外壳4的旋压边42弹性压接。高压正极盖帽14通过贴片焊接在高压正极铜圈113上，用作高压正极输入端。所述高压正极盖帽14与正极极耳32通过焊接连接，所述低压正极盖帽12用作锂电池的低压输出正极，金属外壳4用作公共负极。
本实施例电路组件1中的PCB板11上同样设置降压电路、稳压电路、充电电路、过放保护电路等必要电路。PCB板11的特点在于正面设有低压正极铜圈111和负极铜圈112，背面设有高压正极铜圈113，低压正极铜圈111作为低压输出正极，高压正极铜圈113作为高压输入正极，负极铜圈112作为公共负极，通过这三个铜圈与外部的导电部件进行电连接，实现高压输入和低压输出功能，能稳定地输出1.5V低电压，并且实现同口充放电功能，不需要布置任何导电线缆，电气性能的稳定性更高，而且简化了锂电池内部连接结构，不容易出问题，更安全。
所述翘片132与金属外壳4的旋压边42弹性压接，弹性压接能避免金属外壳4与PCB板11上负极铜圈112压接不紧，或者压坏负极铜圈112的情况发生。
参照图3，所述塑胶中框2的内壁设有法兰边21，用于支撑PCB板11。所述高压正极盖帽14和塑胶中框2之间还设有灌封胶7，形成密封，以隔离电解液。所述PCB板11上的电子元件114集中地布置于低压正极盖帽12和高压正极盖帽14内。所述旋压边42上方还粘贴有正负极隔离片8，所述正负极隔离片8部分上表面还被绝缘外皮5包裹。
所述灌封胶7能填充高压正极盖帽14和塑胶中框2之间的间隙，起到很好密封效果，以隔离电解液，防止电解液与PCB板11接触，造成腐蚀，导致PCB板11过早地失效。通过控制灌封胶7的厚度和截面形状，可以使灌封胶7具有特定的强度，在卷绕电芯组件3内部出现内部故障时，温度升高，气压增大，达到一定阈值时，可以冲破灌封 胶7进行泄压，避免锂电池过压爆炸。
所述低压正极盖帽12和高压正极盖帽14均通过贴片焊接在PCB板11上，一是连接强度好，固定可靠，二是连接处截面积大，电阻小，导电性能好。所述PCB板11上的电子元件114优选集中地布置于低压正极盖帽12和高压正极盖帽14内，一是电子元件114布置合理，充分利用了低压正极盖帽12和高压正极盖帽14的内部空间；二是低压正极盖帽12和高压正极盖帽14的强度好，能够起到保护作用，电子元件114不会与外界接触，不会损坏；三是起到密封效果，防止进水进灰尘，提高PCB板11的使用寿命。本申请在高压正极盖帽14内的电子元件114为三合一降压芯片，属于现有技术，具有集成度高，体积小的优点，PCB板11设计更容易；在低压正极盖帽12内的电子元件114为电感、电容、电阻等元件。另外，因为低压正极盖帽12是外露的，需要与外部接触，容易受到冲击，需要采用更高强度的固定连接方式，为此，特别在低压正极盖帽12上设置法兰边21，法兰边21具有一定的宽度，是低压正极盖帽12壁厚的数倍，所以与低压正极铜圈111的接触面积大，固定牢靠，耐冲击。由于高压正极盖帽14不外露，不会受到外部冲击，强度要求稍低，所以可不设置法兰边21。
所述正负极隔离片8能阻挡灰尘等杂物进入负极弹片13和低压正极盖帽12之间，避免二者短路，所述正负极隔离片8部分上表面还被绝缘外皮5包裹，对正负极隔离片8起到进一步的固定作用。
电路具体连接原理为：卷绕电芯组件3的正极极耳32通过高压正极盖帽14、高压正极铜圈113连接到PCB板11，卷绕电芯组件3的负极极耳33通过金属外壳4、负极弹片13、负极铜圈112连接到PCB板11，经过PCB板11上电路降压处理后，从低压正极铜圈111、低压正极盖帽12输出锂电池的正极，从负极铜圈112、负极弹片13、金属外壳4输出锂电池的负极。
本申请直接把卷绕电芯组件3放入金属外壳4内，相对现有技术中采用软包锂电芯或硬壳锂电芯少了一层包裹外壳，成本更低。通过设置滚槽41，实现对卷绕电芯组件3的固定，滚槽41和上端的旋压边42共同把塑胶中框2压紧密封，不会泄漏电解液，实现一体化的压紧密封。
本实施例所述1.5V锂电池的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
参照图8，首先提供PCB板11，将低压正极盖帽12和负极弹片13贴片焊接在PCB板11的正面，将高压正极盖帽14贴片焊接在PCB板11的背面，形成电路组件1；
S1，参照图13和图14，将卷绕电芯组件3置入金属外壳4内，并将卷绕电芯组件3压紧在金属外壳4底部，对金属外壳4底部进行点焊，使负极极耳33焊接在金属外壳4上；
S2，参照图15，通过旋压的方式在金属外壳4上部制作出滚槽41；将卷绕电芯组件3限定在金属外壳4内；
S3，向卷绕电芯组件3内加注电解液；
S4，将电路组件1置入塑胶中框2内；并在塑胶中框2的背面点灌封胶7，使塑胶中框2和高压正极盖帽14之间形成密封结构；
S5，参照图16，将卷绕电芯组件3的正极极耳32焊接到电路组件1的高压正极盖帽14的下表面；
S6，参照图17，将电路组件1和塑胶中框2置入金属外壳4内；
S7，参照图18，利用旋压的方式在金属外壳4的上端制作出旋压边42，将电路组件1和塑胶中框2限定在金属外壳4内部；
S8，参照图19，将正负极隔离片8粘贴在旋压边42上方；
S9，参照图20至图22，在金属外壳4外部包裹一层绝缘外皮5。
本申请所述制造方法工序合理，良品率高，能够产业化，大规模生产。
实施例二：
与实施例一不同之处主要在于增加了充电接口15，直接通过充电接口15进行充电，充电接口15可以采用现有技术中的miniUSB或TYPE-C等常用接口。
参照图23至图30，所述电路组件1包括PCB板11、低压正极盖帽12、充电接口15、负极弹片13和正极转接片16所述低压正极盖帽12通过贴片焊接在PCB板11上表面，所述充电接口15和正极转接片16设置在PCB板11下表面。所述PCB板11上表面设有公共负极焊盘115，所述负极弹片13包括基片133和设置在基片133外缘的多个翘片132，所述基片133背面通过贴片焊接在公共负极焊盘115上，所述翘片132与金属外壳4的旋压边42弹性压接，所述卷绕电芯组件3的正极极耳32与正极转接片16焊接固定，负极极耳33与金属外壳4底端焊接固定。所述PCB板11卡接在塑胶中框2内，所述PCB板11上还设有充电指示灯17，在充电时起到指示作用。所述绝缘外皮5和金属外壳4的同一位置设有充电孔51、43和透光孔52、44，所述塑胶中框2由透明材质制成。
所述翘片132与金属外壳4的旋压边42弹性抵接，能避免金属外壳4与负极弹片13压接不紧，或者压坏PCB板11的情况发生。
参照图25，所述塑胶中框2的底壁中部设有第一通孔22，所述正极转接片16向下穿过第一通孔22，被折弯后与正极极耳32通过点焊连接，所述第一通孔22处设有灌封胶7，形成密封，以隔离电解液。所述旋压边42上方还粘贴有正负极隔离片8，正负极隔离片8的外侧部分被绝缘外皮5包裹，所述PCB板11和旋压边42之间还设有PCB板隔离片9，以避免PCB板11上电子元件114或焊点与旋压边42短路。所述塑胶中框2的内部设有PCB板11的容纳腔23，上端内壁分散设有多个第一卡扣24，所述第一卡扣24将PCB板11限定在容纳腔23内，由于第一卡扣24具有一定的弹性变形能力，直接将PCB板11压入容纳腔23内即可，第一卡扣24能防止PCB板11向外脱出。塑胶中框2还具有将PCB板11与金属外壳4隔离开来的效果。所述塑胶中框2的底壁上还设有薄壁泄压孔25，所述薄壁泄压孔25位于充电接口15的下方，一旦卷绕电芯组件3内部发生故障，导致温度升高、气压剧增的情况时，可以冲破薄壁进行泄压，降低锂电池爆炸的风险，薄壁泄压孔25距离充电孔51、43距离非常近，泄压路径短。
参照图30，所述低压正极盖帽12通过贴片焊接在PCB板11上，固定和电连接都比较可靠。所述PCB板11上的部分电子元件114置于低压正极盖帽12内，充分利用了低压正极盖帽12的内部空间，低压正极盖帽12对内部的电子元件114进行保护，密封效果也不错，防止进水进灰尘。
本实施例把PCB板11卡接在塑胶中框2内,PCB板11不能轻易脱出塑胶中框2，起到固定作用，能保护PCB板11，防止在加工旋压边42时压迫PCB板11，又能与金属外壳4隔离开来，不会短路。
其他结构及有益效果均与实施例一一致，此处不再赘述。
实施例三：
与实施例二的不同之处在于电路组件1做了较大改变，尤其是充电接口15的布置方式。
参照图31至图37，所述电路组件1包括PCB板11、正极接触弹簧18、正极转接片16、负极弹片13和低压正极盖帽12。所述塑胶中框2包括相互扣接的塑胶上壳26和塑胶下壳27，所述PCB板11竖直设置在塑胶上壳26和塑胶下壳27之间，塑胶中框2具有将PCB板11与金属外壳4隔离开来的效果。所述正极接触弹簧18设置在PCB板11的上端，正极转接片16设置在PCB板11的下端，充电接口15和负极弹片13设置在PCB板11的中部。所述低压正极盖帽12设置在塑胶上壳26上，所述正极接触弹簧 18向上穿过塑胶上壳26与低压正极盖帽12内壁弹性接触。所述负极弹片13与金属外壳4的内壁弹性接触。所述卷绕电芯组件3的正极极耳32焊接到正极转接片16上。所述正负极隔离片8设置在旋压边42和低压正极盖帽12之间，主要是防止金属外壳4和低压正极盖帽12之间短路。所述PCB板11上还设有充电指示灯17，在充电时起到指示作用。所述绝缘外皮5和金属外壳4的同一位置设有充电孔51、43和透光孔52、44，所述塑胶上壳26和塑胶下壳27均为透明材质制成。
参照图37，所述塑胶上壳26侧面设有插槽261，插槽261的侧壁设有扣孔262，所述塑胶下壳27设有插片271，所述插片271内侧设有第二卡扣272。所述塑胶上壳26和塑胶下壳27对接后，插片271插入插槽261内，第二卡扣272嵌入扣孔262内，从而使塑胶上壳26和塑胶下壳27扣接固定为一体。所述塑胶上壳26侧壁还设有第一避让孔263和第二避让孔264，分别用于露出充电接口15和负极弹片13。
参照图35，所述塑胶中框2下端套设有密封圈6，所述密封圈6被压紧在塑胶中框2和滚槽41之间，从而实现塑胶中框2与金属外壳4之间的密封。在成型旋压边42的过程中，会向下挤压塑胶中框2，密封圈6被挤压变形，从而能达到很高的密封程度，有效防止电解液泄漏。
参照图35，所述塑胶下壳27的底壁中部设有第二通孔273，所述正极转接片16向下穿过第二通孔273，被折弯后与正极极耳32通过点焊连接。所述第二通孔273处设有灌封胶7，形成密封，以隔离电解液，避免电解液从第二通孔273处渗入与PCB板11接触，同时控制灌封胶7的厚度，还可以作为泄压孔使用。
本实施例设置的塑胶中框2，能把PCB板11竖直设置在塑胶中框2内，PCB板11上的充电接口15也为竖直布置，这样充电接口15能够轻松地放入金属外壳4内，尤其是锂电池外形为7号电池尺寸比较小时，塑胶中框2能保护PCB板11，防止在加工旋压边42时压迫PCB板11，又能与金属外壳4隔离开来，不会短路。
其他结构及有益效果均与实施例二一致，此处不再赘述。
以上均为本申请的较佳实施例，并非依此限制本申请的保护范围，故：凡依本申请的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化，均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，包括电路组件、塑胶中框、卷绕电芯组件、金属外壳和绝缘外皮，所述绝缘外皮包覆在金属外壳外，所述电路组件、塑胶中框和卷绕电芯组件从上向下依次设置在金属外壳内；所述金属外壳上部向内设有滚槽，顶部向内设有旋压边，所述滚槽将卷绕电芯组件限定在金属外壳的底部，所述塑胶中框被限定在滚槽和旋压边之间，并实现与金属外壳之间的密封，所述电路组件设置在塑胶中框上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，所述塑胶中框与金属外壳之间通过紧配合实现密封。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，所述塑胶中框下端套设有密封圈，所述密封圈被压紧在塑胶中框和滚槽之间，从而实现塑胶中框与金属外壳之间的密封。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，所述卷绕电芯组件包括卷绕电芯、正极极耳、负极极耳、上隔离片和下隔离片，所述正极极耳从上隔离片的中心孔处穿出，电连接到电路组件，负极极耳从卷绕电芯的侧面绕到底面，端部焊接到金属外壳的底壁。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，所述电路组件包括PCB板、低压正极盖帽、负极弹片和高压正极盖帽，所述PCB板的正面设有低压正极铜圈和负极铜圈，背面设有高压正极铜圈，所述低压正极盖帽通过贴片焊接在正极铜圈上，所述负极弹片下表面焊接在负极铜圈上而其上表面与金属外壳的旋压边压接；高压正极盖帽通过贴片焊接在高压正极铜圈上，用作高压正极输入端，所述高压正极盖帽与正极极耳通过焊接连接，所述低压正极盖帽用作锂电池的低压输出正极，金属外壳用作公共负极。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，所述电路组件包括PCB板、低压正极盖帽、充电接口、负极弹片和正极转接片，所述低压正极盖帽通过贴片焊接在PCB板上表面，所述充电接口和正极转接片设置在PCB板下表面，所述PCB板上表面设有公共负极焊盘，所述负极弹片包括基片和设置在基片外缘的多个翘片，所述基片背面通过贴片焊接在公共负极焊盘上，所述翘片与金属外壳的旋压边弹性压接，所述卷绕电芯组件的正极极耳与正极转接片焊接固定，负极极耳与金属外壳底端焊接固定，所述PCB板卡接在塑胶中框内，所述PCB板上还设有充电指示灯，所述绝缘外皮和金属外壳的同一位置设有充电孔和透光孔，所述塑胶中框由透明材质制成。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的1.5V锂电池，其特征在于，所述电路组件包括PCB板、正极接触弹簧、正极转接片、负极弹片和低压正极盖帽，所述塑胶中框包括相互扣接的塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳，所述PCB板竖直设置在塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳之间，所述正极接触弹簧设置在PCB板的上端，正极转接片设置在PCB板的下端，充电接口和负极弹片设置在PCB板的中部，所述低压正极盖帽设置在塑胶上壳上，所述正极接触弹簧向上穿过塑胶上壳与低压正极盖帽内壁弹性接触，所述负极弹片与金属外壳的内壁弹性接触，所述卷绕电芯组件的正极极耳焊接到正极转接片上，所述旋压边和低压正极盖帽之间还设有正负极隔离片，所述PCB板上还设有充电指示灯，所述绝缘外皮和金属外壳的同一位置设有充电孔和透光孔，所述塑胶上壳和塑胶下壳均为透明材质制成。
  8. 一种权利要求1至7中任一项所述1.5V锂电池的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1，将卷绕电芯组件置入金属外壳内，并将卷绕电芯组件压紧在金属外壳底部，对金属外壳底部进行点焊，使负极极耳焊接在金属外壳上；
    S2，通过旋压的方式在金属外壳上部制作出滚槽；将卷绕电芯组件限定在金属外壳内；
    S3，向卷绕电芯组件内加注电解液；
    S4，将电路组件置入塑胶中框内；
    S5，将卷绕电芯组件的正极极耳焊接到电路组件上；
    S6，将电路组件和塑胶中框置入金属外壳内；
    S7，利用旋压的方式在金属外壳的上端制作出旋压边，将电路组件和塑胶中框限定在金属外壳内部；
    S8，将正负极隔离片粘贴在旋压边上方；
    S9,在金属外壳外部包裹一层绝缘外皮。
PCT/CN2024/096456 2024-02-02 2024-05-30 一种1.5v锂电池及其制造方法 Pending WO2025161218A1 (zh)

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