WO2025232297A1 - 硅太阳能电池及组件 - Google Patents
硅太阳能电池及组件Info
- Publication number
- WO2025232297A1 WO2025232297A1 PCT/CN2025/073536 CN2025073536W WO2025232297A1 WO 2025232297 A1 WO2025232297 A1 WO 2025232297A1 CN 2025073536 W CN2025073536 W CN 2025073536W WO 2025232297 A1 WO2025232297 A1 WO 2025232297A1
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- antimony
- layer
- region
- silicon substrate
- doped semiconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/122—Active materials comprising only Group IV materials
- H10F77/1223—Active materials comprising only Group IV materials characterised by the dopants
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- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/146—Back-junction photovoltaic cells, e.g. having interdigitated base-emitter regions on the back side
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/164—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/165—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells
- H10F10/166—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising heterojunctions with Group IV materials, e.g. ITO/Si or GaAs/SiGe photovoltaic cells the heterojunctions being Group IV-IV heterojunctions, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC photovoltaic cells the Group IV-IV heterojunctions being heterojunctions of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. silicon heterojunction [SHJ] photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/17—Photovoltaic cells having only PIN junction potential barriers
- H10F10/174—Photovoltaic cells having only PIN junction potential barriers comprising monocrystalline or polycrystalline materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/219—Arrangements for electrodes of back-contact photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
Definitions
- This application relates to the field of solar photovoltaics, specifically to silicon solar cells and modules.
- silicon solar cells typically use silicon wafers with n-type or p-type doped substrates.
- P-type and n-type doped semiconductors are formed at different locations on the silicon wafer, and electrodes are then formed on the respective regions of the p-type and n-type doped semiconductors.
- electrodes are then formed on the respective regions of the p-type and n-type doped semiconductors.
- When light enters the silicon cell substrate electron-hole pairs are generated. These ionized electron-hole pairs undergo carrier separation, causing electrons to accumulate near the n-electrode and holes to accumulate near the p-electrode. Connecting an external circuit to the electrodes allows for current output.
- p-type or n-type substrates are typically used as semiconductor substrates for photovoltaics.
- P-type substrates are usually doped with boron or gallium.
- N-type substrates are usually doped with phosphorus.
- n-type substrates when used in silicon solar cells, allow for the collection of more charge carriers compared to p-type substrates, resulting in higher efficiency.
- n-type substrates are typically doped with phosphorus.
- both n-type and p-type substrates suffer from efficiency reduction due to poor passivation. Therefore, this application aims to address the problem of poor passivation in the aforementioned prior art.
- the inventors of this application have discovered that when antimony is doped into a silicon substrate, the antimony will overflow into the semiconductor layer to a certain extent.
- the antimony that overflows into the semiconductor layer will bond with the Si in the semiconductor layer, suppressing the generation of bubbles in the semiconductor layer and avoiding the formation of voids. This can effectively improve passivation and solve the problem of carrier transport suppression.
- a silicon solar cell comprising:
- a carrier separation layer is formed on the silicon substrate, wherein,
- the carrier separation layer has an antimony-containing layer in at least a portion of its region on the side closest to the silicon substrate, the antimony-containing layer containing antimony.
- the peak concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer is a1 , and a1 is equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 .
- a solar cell module comprising the silicon solar cell described in any of the embodiments.
- Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a conventional TOPCon battery
- Figure 2 is a detailed view of the passivated contact structure containing antimony.
- Figure 3 is a partial TOPCon battery structure diagram containing antimony
- Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a back contact battery containing antimony.
- Figure 6 is a structural diagram of a back contact battery containing antimony.
- Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a back contact battery containing antimony.
- Figure 8 is a structural diagram of a back contact battery (HPBC structure) containing antimony.
- the front side of the silicon substrate refers to the surface facing sunlight under normal battery operating conditions, while the back side refers to the surface of the silicon substrate on the other side opposite to the front side.
- the doped region can also be used to separate photogenerated carriers, such as the region in the TOPCon cell described below that has been diffused with a Group 3 element (boron).
- the silicon substrate is obtained from bare silicon wafers. It consists of a silicon matrix and doped regions.
- the silicon matrix is the undoped bulk region used in battery manufacturing, and its performance is identical to that of the raw bare silicon wafer.
- the doped regions can be regions whose properties and parameters are essentially the same as the bulk region, except for the doping element. These can be formed by direct doping or inward doping within the bare silicon wafer.
- the doped regions are made of antimony or other doping elements, such as Group 3 and Group 5 elements, specifically areas where B or P accumulates. In other cases, the doped regions may be essentially the same as the bulk region, primarily consisting of antimony-doped areas.
- the silicon substrate typically includes a doped region formed within at least one surface of the silicon substrate.
- the performance of this doped region is identical to that of the raw silicon wafer.
- the doped region may have properties and parameters substantially the same as the bulk region, except for the doping element; that is, properties such as antimony concentration, resistivity change rate, and resistivity shift rate are substantially the same.
- Such a doped region can be formed by direct doping of the raw silicon wafer as described in detail below, or by doping the doping element into the raw silicon wafer through layers such as doped passivation layers and interface passivation layers.
- the doped region generally refers to a region formed by direct doping or inward doping within the raw silicon wafer, wherein inward doping is formed by doping polysilicon, referred to as the doped layer, into the interior of the raw silicon wafer through a tunneling layer, referred to as the passivation layer.
- the length of at least one side of the silicon wafer or silicon substrate (including the stripped portion of the silicon substrate after recycling and stripping other layer structures) of this application is greater than 156 mm, such as (158 ⁇ 2) mm, (160 ⁇ 2) mm, (165 ⁇ 2) mm, (170 ⁇ 2) mm, (175 ⁇ 2) mm, (180 ⁇ 2) mm, (185 ⁇ 2) mm, 190 ⁇ 2 mm, (195 ⁇ 2) mm, (200 ⁇ 2) mm.
- the thickness of the silicon wafer or photosilicon substrate (including the stripped portion of the silicon substrate after recovering and peeling off other layers) of this application is at least 40 ⁇ m to 170 ⁇ m, such as 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 110 ⁇ m, 120 ⁇ m, 130 ⁇ m, 140 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 160 ⁇ m, or 170 ⁇ m.
- the size of the stripped portion of the silicon substrate after recovering and peeling off other layers can be smaller than the above-mentioned size, as long as it is possible to detect the concentration of antimony, resistivity, and calculate the resistivity change rate, resistivity average offset rate, etc., as defined in this application.
- the concentration of antimony in the silicon wafer, silicon substrate, or carrier separation layer can be detected by any method known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can choose the appropriate method based on their needs, such as SIMS, ICP-MS, GDMS, etc., with ICP-MS being preferred.
- concentration of antimony in the silicon wafer or silicon substrate can refer to the concentration of antimony at any site on the surface of the silicon wafer, silicon substrate, or carrier separation layer, or at any location within the silicon wafer, silicon substrate, or carrier separation layer.
- the concentration of antimony refers to the average value detected over the thickness of the silicon wafer, silicon substrate, or carrier separation layer. For example, the concentration of antimony in the silicon wafer is detected in a thickness direction using the SIMS method, and the average concentration in that thickness direction is calculated.
- the concentration of antimony in the silicon substrate detected as described above is considered as a; the maximum value of the concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer formed by the above method in at least a portion of the region near the silicon substrate in the carrier separation layer, i.e., the peak concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer, is a1 .
- the concentrations of B ⁇ sub>x ⁇ /sub> , B ⁇ sub>xn ⁇ /sub> , and B ⁇ sub> xp ⁇ /sub> in the silicon substrate can be detected by any method known to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can choose the appropriate method based on their needs, such as SIMS, ICP-MS, GDMS, etc., with ICP-MS being preferred.
- the concentrations of B ⁇ sub>x ⁇ /sub>, B ⁇ sub>xn ⁇ /sub> , and B ⁇ sub>xp ⁇ /sub> in the silicon substrate can refer to the concentrations of B ⁇ sub>x ⁇ /sub>, B ⁇ sub>xn ⁇ /sub>, and B ⁇ sub> xp ⁇ /sub> at any site on the surface of the doped region of the silicon substrate, or at any site within the doped region of the silicon substrate.
- B ⁇ sub>x ⁇ /sub> , B ⁇ sub> xn ⁇ /sub>, and B ⁇ sub>xp ⁇ /sub> at multiple sites or the average concentration of B ⁇ sub>x ⁇ /sub> , B ⁇ sub>xn ⁇ /sub> , and B ⁇ sub> xp ⁇ /sub> across the entire doped region of the silicon substrate.
- the concentrations of Bx , Bxn , and Bxp refer to the average values detected over the thickness of the doped region of the silicon substrate.
- the concentrations of Bx , Bxn , and Bxp in the doped region of the silicon substrate are detected in one thickness direction using the SIMS method, and the average values of the concentrations of Bx , Bxn , and Bxp in this thickness direction are calculated.
- the detection method for whether a certain element is present in the silicon wafer or silicon substrate can be achieved by methods such as SIMS, ICP-MS, and GDMS, with ICP-MS being the preferred method for detecting metallic elements.
- the solar cell is also referred to as a battery.
- the silicon wafer e.g., bare silicon wafer
- silicon substrate of this application is doped with antimony as a Group 5 dopant element instead of phosphorus.
- antimony as a Group 5 dopant element instead of phosphorus.
- the silicon wafer or silicon substrate itself may contain other elements, such as any one, two, or three of phosphorus, gallium, and germanium, but only antimony is actively doped as a Group 5 dopant element instead of phosphorus.
- Figure 1 shows a conventional TOPCon cell, which consists of a silicon substrate 1, an interface passivation layer 2, and a doped semiconductor layer 3.
- a conventional TOPCon cell which consists of a silicon substrate 1, an interface passivation layer 2, and a doped semiconductor layer 3.
- Existing solar cells suffer from efficiency reduction due to poor passivation.
- this application provides a silicon solar cell, as shown in Figure 2, which includes: a silicon substrate 1 containing antimony, and a carrier separation layer formed on the silicon substrate 1.
- the carrier separation layer has an antimony-containing layer 4 formed of antimony in at least a portion of a region on the side close to the silicon substrate 1.
- the peak concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer 4 is a1 , and a1 is equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 .
- the peak concentration of antimony in antimony layer 4 can be 1E13 atoms/ cm3 , 5E13 atoms/ cm3 , 1E14 atoms/ cm3 , 5E14 atoms/ cm3 , 1E15 atoms/ cm3 , 5E15 atoms/ cm3 , 1E16 atoms/ cm3 , 5E16 atoms/ cm3 , 1E17 atoms/ cm3 , 5E17 atoms/ cm3 , 1E18 atoms/ cm3 , and any value between these values.
- the peak concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer 4 is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 , which can reduce the proportion of bubbles in the carrier separation layer of the prior art, and can also take into account the passivation problem and electrical transport of the carrier separation layer, while improving the mechanical performance of the cell, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell.
- the concentration of antimony in the silicon substrate 1 is 'a', where 'a' ranges from 1E13 to 1E18 atoms/ cm3 , for example, it can be 1E13 atoms/ cm3 , 5E13 atoms/ cm3 , 1E14 atoms/ cm3 , 5E14 atoms/ cm3 , 1E15 atoms/ cm3 , 5E15 atoms/ cm3 , 1E16 atoms/ cm3 , 5E16 atoms/ cm3 , 1E17 atoms/ cm3 , 5E17 atoms/ cm3 , 1E18 atoms/ cm3 , and any value between these values.
- the thickness d1 of the region in the antimony layer 4 where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is 2nm or more, for example, it can be 2nm, 5nm, 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, or any value between these values.
- a/ a1 is defined as u, where u ranges from 0.8 to 1E10.
- u ranges from 0.8 to 1E10.
- it can be 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1E5, 5E5, E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, 5E8, 1E9, 5E9, 1E10, and any value between these values.
- u is 2 to 1E9. In some specific embodiments, u is 10 to 1E8. In some specific embodiments, u is 100 to 1E7.
- no interface passivation layer 2 is provided between the silicon substrate and the carrier separation layer.
- the range of u is 1 to 2, for example, u can be 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, or 2.0.
- an interface passivation layer 2 with impurity adsorption function is disposed between the silicon substrate and the carrier separation layer.
- u ranges from 0.8 to 1E10, for example, it can be 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1E5, 5E5, E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, 5E8, 1E9, 5E9, 1E10, and any value between these values.
- an interface passivation layer 2 that does not adsorb impurities is provided between the silicon substrate and the carrier separation layer.
- u ranges from 2 to 1E9, for example, it can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1E5, 5E5, E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, 5E8, 1E9, or any value between these values.
- the thickness d1 of the region where the concentration of antimony in the silicon substrate 1 is 1E13 to 1E18 atoms/ cm3 and/or the concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer 4 is equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is 2 nm or more. Since recombination at the interface between the carrier separation layer and the silicon substrate 1 mainly originates from a carrier separation layer of a certain thickness close to the silicon substrate, controlling the concentration of antimony within the above range can reduce the proportion of bubbles within the 2 nm thickness range, further improving the recombination problem caused by bubbles in the bottom layer of the carrier separation layer. This can basically solve the passivation problem of the entire carrier separation layer, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell.
- the carrier separation layer can be selected from a doped semiconductor layer, a molybdenum oxide layer, a PEDOT:PSS layer, etc.
- the carrier separation layer is a doped semiconductor layer 3
- an interface passivation layer 2 is disposed between the silicon substrate 1 and the carrier separation layer.
- the interface passivation layer 2 can further improve the interface passivation effect between the silicon substrate and the carrier separation layer.
- the materials and thicknesses of the doped semiconductor layer 3 and the interface passivation layer 2 can both be those known in the prior art.
- the thickness of the doped semiconductor layer 3 can be 50 nm to 300 nm; the material of the doped semiconductor layer 3 can be selected from one or more of polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or microcrystalline silicon.
- the thickness of the interface passivation layer 2 can be 0.1 nm to 5 nm; the material of the interface passivation layer 2 can be selected from one or more of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, molybdenum oxide, or intrinsic amorphous silicon.
- the above parameter range can reduce the proportion of bubbles within a 2 nm thickness range, further improving the recombination problem caused by bubbles in the bottom layer of the carrier separation layer. This can essentially solve the passivation problem of the entire carrier separation layer, thereby improving the efficiency of the solar cell.
- the silicon substrate 1 has at least a portion of Bx elements on the side near the interface passivation layer 2, forming a Bx - containing layer 5.
- the Bx elements can be elements from Group 5 (e.g., phosphorus) or Group 6 (e.g., sulfur), or elements from Group 3, such as boron or aluminum. Because at least a portion of the region near the interface passivation layer 2 contains Bx elements, an emitter or high/low junction can be formed in the silicon substrate 1, thereby achieving passivation and further improving battery performance.
- the thickness d2 of the region containing the concentration of Bx element in layer 5 greater than 1E17 atoms/ cm3 is 20 nm or more, for example, it can be 20 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm , 500 nm, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, and any value between these values.
- the doped semiconductor layer 3 contains Bx elements, and the concentration of Bx elements in the doped semiconductor layer 3 is b, where b ranges from 1E18 to 5E22 atoms/ cm3 .
- the peak concentration of Bx elements in the Bx- containing layer 5 is b1 atoms/ cm3 .
- b/ b1 is defined as v, where v ranges from 0.5 to 1E10, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1E5, 5E5, E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, 5E8, 1E9, 5E9, 1E10, and any value between these values.
- v is 2 to 1E9.
- v is 10 to 1E8.
- v is 100 to 1E5.
- the phosphorus concentration in the interface passivation layer 2 is higher than that in the carrier separation layer (doped semiconductor layer 3).
- v ranges from 0.5 to 1E10.
- Bx is another element, v ranges from 1 to 1E10.
- Bx can expand into the silicon substrate 1 to form a predetermined concentration. Depending on its properties, such Bx elements can form emitters or high/low junctions, improving passivation. However, excessively high Bx doping concentrations can introduce recombination centers into the silicon substrate 1, thus reducing battery performance. In this application, by controlling the range of v, the passivation effect can be improved without affecting battery performance.
- b ⁇ sub>1 ⁇ /sub> /a ⁇ sub> 1 ⁇ /sub> is defined as w, where w>1.
- w can be 10, 100, 1000, 1E4, 5E4, 1E5, 5E5, 1E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, or any value between these.
- w is greater than 1000.
- w is between 1E3 and 1E8.
- b1 cannot be too small, i.e., w cannot be too small. If w is too small, the passivation effect of the emitter or high/low junction will be worse. Therefore, w should be greater than 1. However, excessively high b1 (i.e., excessively large w) will introduce recombination centers in the silicon substrate 1, thereby reducing battery performance. In this application, by controlling the range of w, the passivation effect can be improved without affecting battery performance.
- the iVoc of the battery can be increased, thereby improving the passivation performance of the battery. Furthermore, regardless of whether the structure formed by the above-described n-type or p-type doping is used, the passivation performance of the resulting battery can be effectively improved.
- d2 / d1 is defined as x, where x is greater than or equal to 1.
- x can be 1, 10, 20, 100, 1000, 1E4, 5E4, 1E5, 5E5, 1E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, or any value between these values.
- x ranges from 10 to 1E8. In some specific implementations, x ranges from 20 to 1E7.
- d2 cannot be too small, meaning x cannot be too small; otherwise, the passivation effect of the emitter or high-low junction will deteriorate.
- excessively high d2 will cause the Auger recombination region to be too wide, thereby reducing battery performance.
- the passivation effect can be improved without affecting battery performance.
- the iVoc of the battery can be increased, thus improving the passivation performance of the battery. Furthermore, regardless of whether the structure formed by the above-described n-type or p-type doping is used, the passivation performance of the resulting battery can be effectively improved.
- the peak concentration of antimony in the interface passivation layer 2 is a2 , ranging from 1E13 to 1E18 atoms/ cm3 .
- the interface passivation layer 2 contains Bx , and the peak concentration of Bx in the interface passivation layer 2 is b2 , ranging from 1E19 to 1E22 atoms/ cm3 . This is because if the concentration of Bx in the interface passivation layer 2 is too low, the carrier transport efficiency of the interface passivation layer 2 will be low, and the concentration of b2 cannot reach above 1E22 atoms/ cm3 due to the influence of solid solubility.
- the presence of antimony in the interface passivation layer 2 at a concentration of 1E13 to 1E18 atoms/cm3 ensures that the carrier separation layer has a predetermined concentration of antimony.
- b2 / a2 is defined as y, where y > 1.
- y can be 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1E5, 5E5, E6, 5E6, 1E7, 5E7, 1E8, 5E8, 1E9, or any value between these values.
- the range of y is 10 to 1E9.
- the Bx element is selected from Group 5 or Group 6, and the thickness d1 of the region in the antimony-containing layer 4 where the antimony concentration is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is greater than 2nm, and w ranges from 1E4 to 1E8.
- the escaped antimony element is also a Group 5 element, which increases the effective doping concentration of the carrier separation layer, thereby increasing the electron concentration of the carrier separation layer, improving the passivation effect and conductivity of the carrier separation layer, reducing the transport resistance of the carrier separation layer, and reducing the interface resistance between the silicon substrate and the carrier separation layer.
- the concentration of Bx element in the doped semiconductor layer 3 is 1E19 to 5E22 atoms/ cm3 .
- the Bx- containing layer is a phosphorus-containing layer.
- the thickness d2 of the region in the phosphorus-containing layer where the phosphorus concentration is greater than 1E17 atoms/ cm3 is 20 nm or more, preferably 30 nm or more, 40 nm or more, or 50 nm or more, and more preferably 120 nm or more, 200 nm or more, or 300 nm or more.
- the Bx element is selected from Group III, and the thickness d1 of the region in the antimony-containing layer 4 where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is 3 nm or more, preferably in the range of 1E3 to 1E7.
- the carrier separation layer when the carrier separation layer is a silicon thin film, and Bx is a Group 3 element, the carrier separation layer is P-type. Therefore, as a Group 5 element, antimony is doped at a faster rate in the carrier separation layer, resulting in a thicker antimony-containing layer.
- the concentration of Bx element in the doped semiconductor layer 3 is 1E18 to 5E21 atoms/ cm3 .
- the Bx -containing layer is a boron-containing layer.
- the thickness d2 of the region in the boron-containing layer where the boron concentration is greater than 1E17 atoms/ cm3 is 30 nm or more, preferably 40 nm or more, 50 nm or more, and even more preferably 100 nm or more, 200 nm or more, 300 nm or more, 400 nm or more, 500 nm or more, 600 nm or more, 700 nm or more, 800 nm or more, 900 nm or more, 1000 nm or more, 1100 nm or more, or 1200 nm or more.
- silicon solar cells can encompass various types of silicon solar cells with the structure shown in Figure 2, as long as the cell structure, the concentration of antimony and Bx elements in the cell, and their distribution within the cell all meet the above requirements.
- the silicon solar cells mentioned in this application can be TOPCon cells, partial TOPCon cells, back-contact cells, HPBC cells, etc.
- the silicon solar cell is a TOPCon cell, which has the structure shown in Figure 2.
- a TOPCon cell includes: a silicon substrate 1 containing antimony; an interface passivation layer 2 formed on the silicon substrate 1; and a doped semiconductor layer 3 formed on the interface passivation layer 2.
- the doped semiconductor layer 3 has an antimony-containing layer 4 in at least a portion of its region near the silicon substrate 1, with a peak antimony concentration of a1 equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 .
- the doped semiconductor layer 3 can be a p-type or n-type doped semiconductor layer.
- the peak concentration of antimony element in the antimony-containing layer is a1p , and a/ a1p is defined as up , where up ranges from 0.8 to 1E10, preferably from 2 to 1E9, more preferably from 10 to 1E8, and most preferably from 100 to 1E7.
- the thickness d1p of the region in the antimony-containing layer is greater than 3 nm, where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 .
- the peak concentration of antimony element in the antimony-containing layer is a1n , and a/ a1n is defined as un , where un ranges from 0.8 to 1E10, preferably from 2 to 1E9, more preferably from 10 to 1E8, and most preferably from 100 to 1E7.
- the thickness d1n of the region in the antimony-containing layer where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is greater than 2nm.
- Auger recombination and bubbles can be balanced.
- the structure shown in Figure 2 is formed on the front or back side of a silicon substrate.
- an interface passivation layer 2 is disposed on the back side of the silicon substrate, and a p-type doped semiconductor layer or an n-type doped semiconductor layer is disposed on the side of the interface passivation layer 2 facing away from the silicon substrate. That is, the carrier separation layer and the interface passivation layer 2 are formed on the back side of the silicon substrate, forming a PN junction with the silicon substrate.
- the antimony-doped silicon substrate has less interstitial doping, less recombination occurs, and the TOPCon structure shown in Figure 2, with the emitter disposed on the back side, has a more advantageous battery performance.
- the silicon solar cell is a partial TOPCon cell.
- the partial TOPCon cell includes: a silicon substrate 1 containing antimony; a first interface passivation layer 21 and a second interface passivation layer 22, respectively formed on opposite sides of the silicon substrate 1; a first doped semiconductor layer 31 and a second doped semiconductor layer 32, both doped semiconductor layers formed on the side of the first interface passivation layer 21 away from the silicon substrate 1 and the side of the second interface passivation layer 22 away from the silicon substrate 1, respectively; the area of the first doped semiconductor layer 31 is smaller or larger than the area of the second doped semiconductor layer 32.
- Figure 3 shows a case where the first doped semiconductor layer 31 is formed on a portion of the silicon substrate 1, and the second doped semiconductor layer 32 is formed on the entire area of the silicon substrate 1; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand that such a structure is merely exemplary. Those skilled in the art can design its structure based on their understanding of partial TOPCon cells.
- the first doped semiconductor layer 31 is doped with a Group 3 element
- the second doped semiconductor layer 32 is doped with a Group 5 or Group 6 element.
- the first doped semiconductor layer 31 has a first antimony-containing layer 41 containing antimony in at least a portion of its region near the first interface passivation layer 21.
- the second doped semiconductor layer 32 has a second antimony-containing layer 42 containing antimony in at least a portion of its region near the second interface passivation layer 22.
- the peak concentration of antimony in the first antimony-containing layer 41 is a1p
- a1p is equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3
- the peak concentration of antimony in the second antimony-containing layer 42 is a1n , and a1n is equal to or greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 .
- the thickness d1p of the region in the first antimony-containing layer where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is greater than or equal to the thickness d1n of the region in the second antimony-containing layer where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 , i.e., d1p ⁇ d1n .
- the thickness d1p of the region where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is 3nm or more
- the thickness d1n of the region where the concentration of antimony is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 is 2nm or more.
- the concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer of the first doped semiconductor layer 31 gradually decreases in the direction from the side close to the silicon substrate 1 to the side away from the silicon substrate 1
- the concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer of the second doped semiconductor layer 32 gradually decreases in the direction from the side close to the silicon substrate 1 to the side away from the silicon substrate 1.
- a/a 1p is defined as up , and up ranges from 0.8 to 1E10, preferably from 2 to 1E9, further preferably from 10 to 1E8, and preferably from 100 to 1E7;
- a/a 1n is defined as un , and un ranges from 0.8 to 1E10, preferably from 2 to 1E9, further preferably from 10 to 1E8, and preferably from 100 to 1E7.
- the silicon substrate 1 has B xp elements in at least a portion of its region on the side near the first interface passivation layer 21, forming a B xp- containing layer 51; the silicon substrate 1 has B xn elements in at least a portion of its region on the side near the second interface passivation layer 22, forming a B xn -containing layer 52; the thickness d2p of the region in the B xp- containing layer 51 where the concentration of B xp elements is greater than 1E17 atoms/ cm3 is 30 nm or more; the thickness d2n of the region in the B xn- containing layer 52 where the concentration of B xn elements is greater than 1E17 atoms/ cm3 is 20 nm or more.
- Bxp is an element selected from Group 3.
- the concentration of Bxp in the first doped semiconductor layer 31 is bp , and bp ranges from 1E18 to 5E21 atoms/ cm3.
- the peak concentration of Bxp in the Bxp- containing layer 51 is b1p .
- Bxn is an element selected from Group 5 or Group 6.
- the concentration of Bxn in the second doped semiconductor layer 32 is bn , and bn ranges from 1E19 to 5E22 atoms/ cm3 .
- the peak concentration of Bxn in the Bxn -containing layer 52 is b1n .
- bp / b1p is defined as vp , and vp ranges from 1 to 1E10, preferably 2 to 1E9, more preferably 10 to 1E8, and most preferably 100 to 1E5.
- b n / b 1n is defined as v n , and the range of v n is 0.5 to 1E10, preferably 2 to 1E9, further preferably 10 to 1E8, and more preferably 100 to 1E5.
- b 1p / a 1p be defined as wp , where wp > 1, preferably > 100, preferably greater than 1000, preferably 1E3 to 1E8, and more preferably 1E3 to 1E7.
- b 1n / a 1n be defined as wn , where wn > 1, preferably > 100, preferably greater than 1000, preferably 1E3 to 1E8, and more preferably 1E4 to 1E8.
- d2p / d1p is greater than or equal to 1, preferably 10 to 1E8, more preferably 20 to 1E7; d2n / d1n is greater than or equal to 1, preferably 10 to 1E8, more preferably 20 to 1E7; preferably d1p ⁇ d1n ; and/or d2p > d2n , preferably d2p - d2n ⁇ 5nm, more preferably ⁇ 10nm.
- d2p > d2n when light shines on the silicon substrate, a single photon excites an electron-hole pair. Under the separation effect of the PN junction, the electron-hole pair separates at the PN junction, forming electron and hole carriers.
- d2p > d2n ensures effective carrier separation within the PN junction. Since the p-region is the emitter region, better passivation is required. Therefore , d1p ⁇ d1n allows more antimony to escape, which is beneficial for the passivation of the carrier selection layer interface in the emitter region. The emitter is even more important for the battery; better emitter passivation leads to better battery efficiency.
- the first interface passivation layer 21 contains antimony, and the peak concentration of antimony in the first interface passivation layer 21 is a 2p , where a 2p ranges from 1E13 to 1E18 atoms/ cm3 .
- the first interface passivation layer 21 also contains B xp , and the peak concentration of B xp in the first interface passivation layer 21 is b 2p , where b 2p ranges from 1E19 to 1E22 atoms/ cm3 .
- b 2p /a 2p > 1, and more preferably 10 to 1E9.
- the second interface passivation layer 22 contains antimony, with a peak concentration of a 2n , ranging from 1E13 to 1E18 atoms/ cm3 .
- the second interface passivation layer 22 also contains B xn , with a peak concentration of b 2n , ranging from 1E19 to 1E22 atoms/ cm3 .
- b 2n / a 2n > 1, and more preferably 10 to 1E9.
- the thickness d 2p of the region containing B xp layer 51 with a boron concentration greater than 1E17 atoms/cm 3 is 30 nm or more, preferably 40 nm or more, or 50 nm or more, and more preferably 100 nm or more, 200 nm or more, 300 nm or more, 400 nm or more, 500 nm or more, 600 nm or more, 700 nm or more, 800 nm or more, 900 nm or more, 1000 nm or more, 1100 nm or more, or 1200 nm or more.
- the silicon solar cell is a back-contact cell.
- Figures 4-7 show the structures of several typical back-contact cells.
- a back-contact cell includes: a silicon substrate 1 containing antimony; a first interface passivation layer 21 and a second interface passivation layer 22 formed on the same side of the silicon substrate 1; a first doped semiconductor layer 31 and a second doped semiconductor layer 32, both doped semiconductor layers formed on the side of the first interface passivation layer 21 away from the silicon substrate 1 and the side of the second interface passivation layer 22 away from the silicon substrate 1, respectively; the first doped semiconductor layer 31 is doped with a Group 3 element, and the second doped semiconductor layer 32 is doped with a Group 5 or Group 6 element.
- the concentrations and distributions of antimony and dopant elements in the silicon substrate 1, the first interface passivation layer 21 and the second interface passivation layer 22, as well as the first doped semiconductor layer 31 and the second doped semiconductor layer 32, can be found in the above description of the local TOPCon cell.
- a substrate passivation layer 6 is disposed in the gap between the p-type region and the n-type region.
- the substrate passivation layer 6 covers the gap between the silicon substrate 1 that is not covered by the p-type region and the n-type region.
- the condition d1 passivation layer ⁇ d1n ⁇ d1p is because the passivation layer is not an electrically charged region, so it is not subject to many restrictions.
- High-quality passivation materials such as alumina/silicon nitride can be used directly for passivation. Therefore, it is not necessary to use too much antimony to reduce bubbles and improve the passivation effect of the passivation region.
- the technical effect of d1n ⁇ d1p can be referred to above, and will not be repeated here.
- the intrinsic semiconductor since the intrinsic semiconductor has slightly low passivation performance and generally does not undergo many thermal processes, its crystal structure may be poor. Therefore, a slightly larger amount of antimony is needed to improve the passivation effect of the bottom layer. Thus, controlling d 1i ⁇ 2nm can better maintain the passivation effect.
- the passivation performance of the PN region can be improved, and the iVoc of the spacer region can be further increased, thereby improving the passivation performance of the battery.
- the intrinsic region passivation layer 7, located near the silicon substrate 1, may contain antimony.
- the concentration of antimony in the intrinsic region passivation layer 7 is a3 .
- the thickness d1 of the passivation layer is greater than 1E13 atoms/ cm3 , and d1 passivation layer ⁇ d1n ⁇ d1p , preferably d1 passivation layer ⁇ 2nm.
- d1 passivation layer ⁇ d1n ⁇ d1p preferably d1 passivation layer ⁇ 2nm.
- an intrinsic region side interface passivation layer 10 may be provided between the intrinsic interval region and the p-type region or between the intrinsic interval region and the n-type region.
- the side interface passivation layer 10 may be provided on the side closer to the p-type region or on the side closer to the n-type region.
- the silicon solar cell is a back-contact cell with an HPBC structure.
- the HPBC back-contact cell includes: a silicon substrate 1 containing antimony, an interface passivation layer 2 formed on the silicon substrate 1, a doped semiconductor layer 3 formed on the interface passivation layer 2 and being an n-type doped semiconductor layer to form an n-type region, a p-region electrode 11 formed on the side of the silicon substrate with the n-type doped semiconductor layer and spaced apart from the n-type doped semiconductor layer, and a BSF layer formed in the silicon substrate 1 corresponding to the p-region electrode 11, wherein the BSF layer and the p-region electrode have the same metal element.
- the doped semiconductor layer 3 has an antimony-containing layer 4 formed of antimony in at least a portion of its region near the silicon substrate 1, the peak concentration of antimony in the antimony-containing layer 4 being a ⁇ sub>1n ⁇ /sub>, and a ⁇ sub>1n ⁇ /sub> being equal to or greater than 1E ⁇ sup>13 ⁇ /sup>atoms/cm ⁇ sup> 3 ⁇ /sup>.
- the p-region electrode can be a metal electrode known in the art that can form a p-region, such as an aluminum electrode.
- the concentrations and distributions of antimony and dopant elements in silicon substrate 1, interface passivation layer 2, doped semiconductor layer 3, and antimony-containing layer 4 can be found in the above description of the doped element Bx as an element selected from Group 5 or Group 6.
- Silicon wafers with different antimony and phosphorus concentrations were prepared based on the method described in CN117702269A. The concentrations of phosphorus and antimony in the prepared silicon wafers are shown in Table 1.
- n-type silicon wafers were polished with an alkaline solution, followed by acid cleaning, slow water washing and drying. After drying, they were placed in an LPCVD furnace tube for single-sided deposition of a tunneling oxide layer and an amorphous silicon layer. Then, a crystallization treatment was performed at 900°C. Each experimental tube contained 1600 silicon wafers, and 12 wafers were randomly selected from each tube. The surfaces with full poly areas were checked for the presence of bubbles. Statistical data are shown in Table 1 below.
- n-type silicon wafers prepared in Example 1 above (using n-type phosphorus-containing silicon wafers with a phosphorus concentration of 1E15 atoms/ cm3 and n-type antimony-containing silicon wafers with an antimony concentration of 1E15 atoms/ cm3 ) were polished with an alkaline solution, followed by acid cleaning, slow pulling with water washing, and drying. They were then placed in an LPCVD furnace tube for single-sided deposition of a tunneling oxide layer and an amorphous silicon layer. Phosphorus diffusion doping crystallization treatment was then performed (maximum doping temperature 850°C, using a POCl3 source). The generated PSG (phosphosilicate glass) was removed using HF, and then double-sided alumina + silicon nitride films were deposited. iVoc testing was then performed using a Sinton analyzer, and the results are shown in Table 3.
- the iVoc of the antimony-containing silicon wafer is significantly increased, indicating a significant improvement in passivation performance.
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Abstract
Description
1硅基底,2界面钝化层,3掺杂半导体层,4含锑层,5含Bx层,21第
一界面钝化层,31第一掺杂半导体层,41第一含锑层,51含Bxp层,22第二界面钝化层,32第二掺杂半导体层,42第二含锑层,52含Bxn层,6基底钝化层,7本征区界面钝化层,8含锑元素的本征半导体层,9不含锑元素的本征半导体层,10本征区侧面界面钝化层,11P区电极。
Claims (30)
- 一种硅太阳能电池,其包括:硅基底,所述硅基底含有锑元素,以及载流子分离层,其形成在所述硅基底上,其中,所述载流子分离层在靠近所述硅基底的一侧的至少部分区域具有含锑层,所述含锑层中含有锑元素;所述含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1,且a1等于大于1E13atoms/cm3。
- 根据权利要求1所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底中锑元素的浓度为a,所述a的范围为1E13~1E18atoms/cm3;或者所述含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1为2nm以上。
- 根据权利要求2所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述载流子分离层选自掺杂半导体层、氧化钼层、PEDOT:PSS层,在所述载流子分离层为掺杂半导体层时,在所述硅基底和载流子分离层之间设置有界面钝化层,优选所述界面钝化层的材质选自氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅、氧化钼或本征非晶硅中的一种或两种以上。
- 根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述载流子分离层的含锑层中的锑元素的浓度从靠近硅基底一侧向背离硅基底一侧的方向上逐渐减小。
- 根据权利要求2所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,将a/a1定义为u,u的范围为0.8~1E10,优选2~1E9,进一步优选10~1E8,优选为100~1E7。
- 根据权利要求3所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底在靠近所述界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有Bx元素,形成含Bx层,所述含Bx层中Bx元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2为20nm以上。
- 根据权利要求6所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述掺杂半导体层中含有Bx元素,所述掺杂半导体层中含有Bx元素的浓度为b,b的范围为1E18~5E22atoms/cm3,所述含Bx层中的Bx元素的峰值浓度为b1,将b/b1定义为v,v的范围为0.5~1E10,优选2~1E9,进一步优选10~1E8,优选为100~1E5。
- 根据权利要求7所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,将b1/a1定义为w,w>1,优选w>100,优选w大于1000,进一步优选为1E3~1E8。
- 根据权利要求6所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,将d2/d1定义为x,x大于等于1,优选x的范围为10~1E8,进一步优选为20~1E7。
- 根据权利要求6~9中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述界面钝化层含有锑元素,所述界面钝化层中的锑元素的峰值浓度为a2,a2的范围为1E13~1E18atoms/cm3,和/或所述界面钝化层含有Bx元素,所述界面钝化层中的Bx元素的峰值浓度为b2,b2的范围为1E19~1E22atoms/cm3,将b2/a2定义为y,y>1,优选y的范围为10~1E9。
- 根据权利要求8所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述Bx元素为选自第五主族或第六主族的元素时,所述含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1为2nm以上,优选所述w的范围为1E4~1E8。
- 根据权利要求11所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述掺杂半导体层中Bx元素的浓度为1E19~5E22atoms/cm3;优选所述Bx元素为磷元素,此时含Bx层为含磷层,含磷层中磷元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2为20nm以上,优选为30nm以上、40nm以上、或者50nm以上,进一步优选厚度d2为120nm以上,200nm以上或者300nm以上。
- 根据权利要求8所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述Bx元素为选自第三主族的元素时,所述含锑层中锑元素的浓度大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1为3nm以上,优选所述w的范围为1E3~1E7。
- 根据权利要求13所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述掺杂半导体层中Bx元素的浓度为1E18~5E21atoms/cm3;优选所述Bx元素为硼元素时,此时含Bx层为含硼层,含硼层中硼元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2为30nm以上,优选为40nm以上、50nm以上,进一步优选厚度d2为100nm以上,200nm以上,300nm以上,400nm以上,500nm以上,600nm以上,700nm以上,800nm以上,900nm以上,1000nm以上,1100nm以上或1200nm以上。
- 根据权利要求3和6~14中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,当所述掺杂半导体层为p型掺杂半导体层,且在所述硅基底远离所述p型掺杂半导体层的另一侧内形成n型掺杂半导体层时,含锑层中的锑元素的峰值浓度为a1p,将a/a1p定义为up,up的范围为0.8~1E10,优选2~1E9,进一步优选10~1E8,优选为100~1E7;或者当所述掺杂半导体层为n型掺杂半导体层,且在所述硅基底远离所述n型掺杂半导体层的另一侧内形成p型掺杂半导体层时,所述含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1n,将a/a1n定义为un,un的范围为0.8~1E10,优选2~1E9,进一步优选10~1E8,优选为100~1E7。
- 根据权利要求3和6~14中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,当所述掺杂半导体层为p型掺杂半导体层,且在所述硅基底靠近所述P型掺杂半导体层的一侧形成n型掺杂半导体层时,所述含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1p为3nm以上;或者当所述掺杂半导体层n型掺杂半导体层,且在所述硅基底靠近所述N型掺杂半导体层的一侧形成p型掺杂半导体层时,所述含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1n为2nm以上。
- 根据权利要求3和6~14中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述载流子分离层和所述界面钝化层形成在所述硅基底的背面,与所述硅基底形成PN结。
- 根据权利要求3和6~14中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述界面钝化层包括第一界面钝化层和第二界面钝化层,第一界面钝化层和第二界面钝化层分别形成在所述硅基底两侧,所述掺杂半导体层包括第一掺杂半导体层和第二掺杂半导体层,所述第一掺杂半导体层和第二掺杂半导体层分别形成在第一界面钝化层远离硅基底的一侧上和第二界面钝化层远离硅基底的一侧上,所述第一掺杂半导体层掺杂有第三主族元素,所述第二掺杂半导体层掺杂有第五主族或第六主族元素,所述第一掺杂半导体层的面积小于或大于所述第二掺杂半导体层的面积,所述第一掺杂半导体层在靠近所述第一界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有第一含锑层,所述第一含锑层中含有锑元素,所述第二掺杂半导体层在靠近所述第二界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有第二含锑层,所述第二含锑层中含有锑元素,所述第一含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1p,且a1p等于大于1E13atoms/cm3,所述第二含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1n,且a1n等于大于1E13atoms/cm3。
- 根据权利要求18所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述第一含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度为d1p;所述第二含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的为厚度d1n,即d1p≥d1n。
- 根据权利要求19所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底在靠近所述第一界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有Bxp元素,形成含Bxp层;所述硅基底在靠近所述第二界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有Bxn元素,形成含Bxn层;所述含Bxp层中Bxp元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2p为30nm以上;所述含Bxn层中Bxn元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2n为20nm以上。
- 根据权利要求3和6~14中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述界面钝化层包括第一界面钝化层和第二界面钝化层,所述第一界面钝化层和第二界面钝化层形成在硅基底同一侧,所述掺杂半导体层包括第一掺杂半导体层和第二掺杂半导体层,所述第一掺杂半导体层和第二掺杂半导体层分别形成在第一界面钝化层远离硅基底的一侧上和第二界面钝化层远离硅基底的一侧上,所述第一掺杂半导体层掺杂有第三主族元素,所述第二掺杂半导体层掺杂有第五主族或第六主族元素,所述第一界面钝化层和第一掺杂半导体层形成p型区域;所述第二界面钝化层和第二掺杂半导体层形成n型区域;所述第一掺杂半导体层在靠近所述第一界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有第一含锑层,所述第一含锑层中含有元素,所述第二掺杂半导体层在靠近所述第二界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有第二含锑层,所述第二含锑层中含有锑元素,所述第一含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1p,且a1p等于大于1E13atoms/cm3,所述第二含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1n,且a1n等于大于1E13atoms/cm3。
- 根据权利要求21所述的硅太阳电池,其中,所述第一含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度为d1p;所述第二含锑层中锑元素的浓度等于大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度为d1n,即d1p≥d1n。
- 根据权利要求22所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底在靠近所述第一界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有Bxp元素,形成含Bxp层;所述硅基底在靠近所述第二界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有Bxn元素,形成含Bxn层;所述含Bxp层中Bxp元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2p为30nm以上;所述含Bxn层中Bxn元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2n为20nm以上。
- 根据权利要求20或23所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,d2p/d1p大于等于1,优选为10~1E8,进一步优选为20~1E7,d2n/d1n大于等于1,优选为10~1E8,进一步优选为20~1E7;优选d2p>d2n,优选d2p-d2n≥5nm,优选≥10nm。
- 根据权利要求22所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,p型区域和n型区域之间具有间隔区域,在p型区域和n型区域之间的间隔区域设置有基底钝化层,所述基底钝化层覆盖未被p型区域和n型区域覆盖的所述硅基底的间隔区域,在所述基底钝化层靠近硅基底的区域中形成含锑区域,所述含锑区域的锑元素的浓度为a3,a3大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1钝化层,
d1钝化层≤d1n≤d1p,优选所述d1钝化层≥1nm。 - 根据权利要求25所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,在p型区域和n型区域之间的间隔区域设置有本征间隔区域,所述本征间隔区域覆盖未被p型区域和n型区域覆盖的所述硅基底的间隔区域,且沿所述硅基底的厚度方向,在远离所述硅基底的方向,所述硅基底的间隔区域上依次包括含锑元素的本征半导体层和不含锑元素的本征半导体层;优选沿所述硅基底的厚度方向,从所述硅基底起朝向所述硅基底的背面的方向上,依次包括本征区界面钝化层、含锑元素的本征半导体层和不含锑元素的本征半导体层;其中,含锑元素的本征半导体层的锑元素的浓度为a3,a3大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度为d1i,
d1i≤d1n≤d1p;优选所述d1i≥2nm;优选本征区界面钝化层中靠近硅基底的区域中含有锑元素,本征区界面钝化层含有的锑元素的浓度为a3,a3大于1E13atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d1钝化层,d1钝 化层≤d1n≤d1p,优选所述d1钝化层≥2nm。 - 根据权利要求26所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,在本征间隔区域与p型区域之间或在本征间隔区域与n型区域之间,设置有本征区侧面界面钝化层。
- 根据权利要求3和6~14中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池,所述掺杂半导体层为n型掺杂半导体层以形成n型区域,其还包括:p区电极,其形成在所述硅基底具有n型掺杂半导体层的一侧且与所述n型掺杂半导体层间隔排列;以及BSF层,其形成在p区电极所对应的硅基底中,且BSF层和p区电极具有相同的金属元素,所述含锑层中锑元素的峰值浓度为a1n,将a/a1n定义为un,un的范围为0.8~1E10,优选2~1E9,进一步优选10~1E8,优选为100~1E7。
- 根据权利要求28所述的硅太阳能电池,其中,所述硅基底在靠近所述界面钝化层的一侧的至少部分区域具有Bxn元素,形成含Bxn层;所述含Bxn层中Bxn元素的浓度大于1E17atoms/cm3的区域的厚度d2n为20nm以上。
- 一种太阳能电池组件,其包括权利要求1~29中任一项所述的硅太阳能电池。
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