AP469A - The treatment of water. - Google Patents
The treatment of water. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AP469A AP469A APAP/P/1993/000597A AP9300597A AP469A AP 469 A AP469 A AP 469A AP 9300597 A AP9300597 A AP 9300597A AP 469 A AP469 A AP 469A
- Authority
- AP
- ARIPO
- Prior art keywords
- water
- water treatment
- compartment
- equipment
- brine
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 10
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
A water treatment means 30 comprises a brine supply tank 52 mounted on an
Description
THIS INVENTION relates to the treatment of water to render the water potable. It relates more specifically to a method of treating water, to water treatment equipment and to a water treatment installation.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating water to render the water potable, the method including providing a water treatment means;
utilising a prime mover to energise the water treatment means;
producing a water treatment agent in the water treatment means; and feeding the water treatment agent to the water.
Preferably, the method includes utilizing a prime mover of water pumping equipment to energise the water treatment means .
BAD ORIGINAL ft
The water treatment means may comprise an energising means and the method may then include driving the energising means by means of the prime mover of the water pumping equipment.
The method may include producing the water treatment agent by electrolysis. Thus, the method may include producing brine and electrolysing the brine to produce the water treatment agent.
Hence, the method may include storing a quantity of salt in a container and metering a predetermined quantity of untreated water into the container to produce the brine. Then, the brine may be fed into a remaining quantity of the untreated water and a mixture so formed may be supplied to an electrolysis unit to effect production of the water treatment agent.
The electrolysis unit may include a plurality of series-connected compartments and an electrode set associated with each of at least certain of the compartments and the method may then include feeding the mixture sequentially from a first compartment to a last compartment in the series to generate a desired concentration of the water treatment agent.
Preferably, each compartment has an electrode set associated therewith anci the method may then include bad original controlling the energising of the electrode sets to control the strength of the water treatment agent produced by the electrolysis unit.
In a particular application of the invention, the method may include tapping the untreated water from a first, upstream position of a rising main of a borehole, at which the water pumping equipment is installed, and feeding water containing the water treatment agent into the rising main at a second, downstream position in the rising main. The method may include feeding the water treatment agent into the rising main by means of a venturi-like element arranged in the rising main at said second position.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided water treatment equipment for producing a water treatment agent by electrolysis of brine, the equipment including an electrolysis unit having a plurality of seriesconnected compartments with each compartment being in fluid communication with a succeeding compartment so that liquid can flow from one compartment to the next compartment and with a last compartment in the series having an outlet through which water containing a water treatment agent produced in the electrolysis unit can flow, the electrolysis unit further including an
BAD ORIGINAL g electrode set for each of at least certain of the compartments;
a brine supply tank arranged upstream of the electrolysis unit for supplying brine to a first of the compartments; and a water feed control means for controlling the feed of water to the brine supply tank.
Preferably, each compartment of the electrolysis unit has an electrode set associated therewith, energising of the electrode sets being controlled to control the concentration of the water treatment agent produced.
The brine supply tank may be arranged above the electrolysis unit so that brine from the brine supply tank can pass into the first compartment of the electrolysis unit by gravity.
One compartment may be in communication with a succeeding compartment by a conduit. Then, an inlet end of the conduit may be arranged in an upper region of said one compartment with an outlet end of the conduit opening out into said succeeding compartment at a bottom region of the succeeding compartment.
BAD ORIGINAL ft
The water feed control means may comprise a metering unit for metering the quantity of water supplied to the brine supply tank.
The metering unit may be configured to feed water to the brine supply tank and to the first compartment of the electrolysis unit directly in a predetermined ratio. The ratio may be about one part water supplied to the brine supply tank to about ten parts water supplied directly to the first compartment.
The electrode sets may be carried on a carrier to depend from the carrier, the carrier being mounted above the compartments.
The equipment may include an energising means for energising the electrode sets. The energising means may be a direct current generating means such as a generator or an alternator/rectifier set.
It will be appreciated that, in use, salt is placed in the tank and water that is fed therein creates the brine which flows into the first compartment. The compartments are arranged and configured so that there is an overflow from each compartment to the next via the conduits. Thus, brine will flow from the tank to the first compartment, and when the first compartment is
Ί condition, as water flows into the first compartment, the same amount will flow out of the last compartment. Current is supplied to the electrodes and the brine in those compartments which have electrodes is electrolysed to provide sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine increases in each succeeding compartment having electrodes and the required number of electrode sets is utilised in accordance with the concentration required.
The invention extends also to a water treatment installation which includes, in combination, water treatment equipment, as described above; and a prime mover for energising the electrolysis unit of the water treatment equipment.
Preferably, the installation includes water pumping equipment which comprises a water pump and the prime mover for operating the pump, the energising means being drivingly connected to the prime mover.
As described above, the energising means may comprise a direct current generating device.
The pump may be a borehole pump and the prime mover may be an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
BAD ORIGINAL
The installation may include a connector piece for connection into a rising main of a borehole at which the borehole pump is installed
The connector piece may comprise a length of tube having a first pipe branching therefrom for feeding untreated water from the rising main to the water treatment equipment and a second pipe, also branching from the length of tube, arranged downstream of the first pipe, for feeding water containing the water treatment agent produced by the water treatment equipment back into the rising main. A venturi-like element may be arranged in the connector piece at the second pipe for facilitating the feeding of said water containing the water treatment agent back into the rising main.
The invention is now described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
In the drawings,
Figure 1 shows a three dimensional, schematic view, of a water treatment installation in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 shows a three dimensional partially exploded view of a water treatment means, also in rad original accordance with the invention, forming part of the installation of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows a sectional side view of a development of the water treatment means in accordance with the invention;
Figure 4 shows a plan view of the water treatment means of Figure 3;
Figure 5 shows a plan view of a water feed control means of the water treatment means of Figures 3 and 4;
Figure 6 shows a plan view of a compartment set of the water treatment means of Figures 3 and 4; and
Figure 7 shows a sectional side view of the compartment set taken along VII - VII in Figure 6.
With reference initially to Figure 1 of the drawings, a borehole water treatment installation 10 provided in association with a borehole 12, comprises a prime mover 14 in the form of an internal combustion engine having an output shaft 16. The output shaft 16 is drivingly connected to a drive shaft 24 for a borehole pump (not shown) arranged at a low level within the borehole. Driving connection is effected by means of a drive pulley 18 on the shaft 16, a V-beit 20 and a driven pulley 22 on the shaft 24. Water is pumped out of the borehole 12 via a rising main 26.
Water treatment means, in accordance with the invention, generally indicated by reference numeral 30
BAD ORIGINAL ft is provided, in combination with the pumping installation 10. The water treatment means 30, which will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 2, operates on the principle of electrolysis to produce sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine from brine. Electrolytic production of the sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine is effected by means of direct current generated by means of a generator 32 (or an alternator and rectifier set) which, in accordance with the invention, is drivingly connected to the prime mover 14. The generator 32 supplies current to electrodes of the water treatment means 30 as will be described below. The output shaft 16 is extended and mounts a drive pulley 34 at a side of the prime mover 14 opposite to the drive pulley 18. The drive pulley 34 drives the generator 32 via a V-belt 36 and a driven pulley 38 mounted on an input shaft of the generator 32.
The water treatment means 30 contains salt. Water being pumped by the pumping installation 10 is tapped from the rising main 26 via a water feed pipe 40 to be charged into the water treatment means to dissolve the salt to form brine. Sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine is produced in the water treatment means 30 and is conducted, in the embodiment shown, via an outlet pipe 42 to a venturi arrangement 44 within a connector piece in the form of a length of tube 46 forming part of the rising main 26. The sodium hypochlorite and/or
chorine is induced into the water flow by the venturi arrangement 44 in the rising main 26 and thus treats the water being pumped.
Advantageously, the length of tube 46 incorporates a connection for the water feed pipe 40 as well as the outlet pipe 42 and further has the venturi arrangement 44. It is provided with flanges 48 and 53 for connection into the rising main 26.
The rising main 26 may supply water to a reservoir (not shown) and water from the reservoir may be used to form the brine, rather than water from the rising main 26 itself.
With reference more specifically to Figure 2 of the drawings, the water treatment means 30 comprises a brine supply tank 52 which, in use, contains salt. The water feed pipe 40 leads into the tank 52 and more specifically into a metering unit 54 which, conveniently, is provided within the tank 52. The metering unit 54 divides the water being fed into the water treatment means 30 in a predetermined ratio which may for example, be about one part of water for supply to the brine supply tank 52 to ten parts of water supplied to a first compartment or vessel 64.1 as described below. The smaller divided stream is charged into a filter section generally indicated by reference
BAD ORIGINAL ft numeral 56 where it dissolves salt to form a saturated solution of brine.
The tank 52 is covered by means of a lid 58.
A carrier sheet 60 is located between the tank 52 and a sump 62 from which four small cylindrical compartments or vessels respectively indicated by reference numerals 64.1 - 64.4 depend. Both the brine in a brine feed stream schematically indicated by reference numeral 66, and the larger portion of the divided water stream flow into the vessel 64.1. When that has been filled, the diluted brine flows via an overflow conduit 68.1 to the second vessel 64.2, thence via an overflow conduit 68.2 to the third vessel 64.3 and thence via an overflow conduit 68.3 to the fourth vessel 64.4. The carrier sheet 60 has an opening through which brine flows from the tank 52 to the vessel 64.1.
Four sets of electrodes respectively indicated by reference numeral 70.1 - 70.4 depend from the carrier sheet 60. The sets of electrodes are in register, respectively, with the four vessels 64.1 - 64.4. The electrodes 70 are operatively connected in series by means of electrical conductors to the generator 32. In use, the electrodes 70 depend into the vessels 64 to produce sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine by way of
BAD original electrolysis within the various vessels. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine increases from the vessel 64.1 to the vessel 64.4.
Referring now to Figures 3 to 7 of the drawings, a development of the water treatment means is illustrated. With reference to Figure 2 of the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like parts, unless otherwise specified.
| In | this | embodiment | of the | invention, | only | |
| three | vessels | 64.1 | to 64.3 are | provided. | Brine from | the |
| brine | supply | tank | 52 and the larger | portion of | the | |
| divided water | stream from the | metering | unit 54 are | fed |
via a conduit 72 into the first compartment 64.1 via a feed pipe 74 depending from the conduit 72.
Thus, the larger divided stream from the metering unit 54 is fed directly into the conduit 72 and through the feed pipe 74 into the vessel 64.1. The brine, illustrated at 73 in Figure 3 of the drawings, is fed into the conduit 72 via a filter unit 76 and from there, through the pipe 74 into the compartment 64.1.
In this regard, it is to be noted that the section of the brine supply tank 52 in Figure 3 of the drawings is taken along line III - III in Figure 5 of the drawings.
Once the vessel 64.1 has been filled, water is fed from the vessel 64.1 into the vessel 64.2 via a feed conduit 78. An inlet end of the conduit 78 is arranged at an operatively top region of the vessel 64.1 and an outlet end of the conduit 78 opens out into an operatively bottom region of the vessel 64.2. In a similar fashion, product from the vessel 64.2 is fed to the vessel 64.3 via a feed conduit 80. Once again, an inlet end of the feed conduit 80 is arranged proximate a top region of the vessel 64.2 with an outlet end of the conduit 80 opening out in a bottom of the vessel
64.3. Product from the vessel 64.3 is fed back into the rising main 26 via the outlet pipe 42.
In this embodiment also, the vessel 64 are surrounded by a water tank 82. The purpose of the water tank 82 is twofold. Firstly, it accepts any overflow from the brine supply tank 52 or the vessel 64 and also acts as a water jacket where the water treatment means 30 is used in very hot conditions.
Water that contains the sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine flows out of the vessel 64.3 or 64.4, as the case may be, via the outlet 42, to be induced into the rising main 26 as shown in Figure 1.
In another embodiment, the water containing the sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorine may be conducted
BAD ORIGINAL &
back into the borehole. In yet another embodiment, the electrolysis product may be conducted to the reservoir.
As the installation does not require reticulated electricity it can be used in rural areas where borehole pumps driven by diesel engines are common.
Claims (29)
1. A method of treating water to render the water potable, the method including providing a water treatment means;
utilising a prime mover to energise the water treatment means;
producing a water treatment agent in the water treatment means; and feeding the water treatment agent to the water.
2. The method as claimed in Claim 1 which includes utilising a prime mover of water pumping equipment to energise the water treatment means.
3. The method as claimed in Claim 2 in which the water treatment means comprises an energising means and in which the method includes driving the energising means by means of the prime mover of the water pumping equipment.
4. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims which includes producing the water treatment agent by electrolysis.
5. The method as claimed in Claim 4 which includes producing brine and electrolysing the brine to produce the water treaument agent.
bad original
6. The method as claimed in Claim 5 which includes storing a quantity of salt in a container and metering a predetermined quantity of untreated water into the container to produce the brine.
7. The method as claimed in Claim 6 which includes feeding the brine into a remaining quantity of the untreated water and supplying a mixture so formed to an electrolysis unit to effect production of the water treatment agent.
8. The method as claimed in Claim 7 in which the electrolysis unit includes a plurality of seriesconnected compartments and an electrode set associated with each of at least certain of the compartments and in
9 . The method as claimed in Claim 8 in which each compartment has an electrode set associated therewith and in which the method includes controlling the energising of the electrode sets to control the strength of the water treatment agent produced by the electrolysis unit.
BAD ORIGINAL ft
10. The method as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 9 inclusive which includes tapping the untreated water from a first, upstream position of a rising main of a borehole, at which the water pumping equipment is installed, and feeding water containing the water treatment agent into the rising main at a second, downstream position in the rising main.
11. The method as claimed in Claim 10 which includes feeding the water treatment agent into the rising main by means of a venturi-like element arranged in the rising main at said second position.
12. Water treatment equipment for producing a water treatment agent by electrolysis of brine, the equipment including an electrolysis unit having a plurality of seriesconnected compartments with each compartment being in fluid communication with a succeeding compartment so that liquid can flow from one compartment to the next compartment and with a last compartment in the series having an outlet through which water containing a water treatment agent produced in the electrolysis unit can flow, the electrolysis unit further including an electrode set for each of at least certain of the compartments;
BAD ORIGINAL &
a brine supply tank arranged upstream of the electrolysis unit for supplying brine to a first of the compartments; and a water feed control means for controlling the feed of water to the brine supply tank.
13. The equipment as claimed in Claim 12 in which each compartment of the electrolysis unit has an electrode set associated therewith, energising of the electrode sets being controlled to control the concentration of the water treatment agent produced.
14. The equipment as claimed in Claim 12 or Claim 13 in which the brine supply tank is arranged above the electrolysis unit so that brine from the brine supply tank can pass into the first compartment of the electrolysis unit by gravity.
15. The equipment as claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 14 inclusive in which one compartment is in communication with a succeeding compartment by a conduit.
16. The equipment as claimed in Claim 15 in which an inlet end of the conduit is arranged in an upper region of said one compartment with an outlet end of the conduit opening out into said succeeding compartment at a bottom region of the succeeding compartment.
bad original
17. The equipment as claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 16 inclusive in which the water feed control means comprises a metering unit for metering the quantity of water supplied to the brine supply tank.
18. The equipment as claimed in Claim 17 in which the metering unit is configured to feed water to the brine supply tank and to the first compartment of the electrolysis unit directly in a predetermined ratio.
19. The equipment as claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 18 inclusive in which the electrode sets are carried on a carrier to depend from the carrier, the carrier being mounted above the compartments.
20. The equipment as claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 19 inclusive which includes an energising means for energising the electrode sets.
21. The equipment as claimed in Claim 20 in which the energising means comprises a current generating device.
22. A water treatment installation which includes, in combination, water treatment equipment, as claimed in any one of Claims 12 to 21 inclusive; and
BAD ORIGINAL a prime mover for energising the electrolysis unit of the water treatment equipment.
23. The installation as claimed in Claim 22, insofar as it is dependent on Claim 20, which includes water pumping equipment which comprises a water pump and the prime mover for operating the pump, the energising means being drivingly connected to the prime mover.
24. The installation as claimed in Claim 23 in which the energising means comprises a direct current generating device.
25. The installation as claimed in Claim 23 or Claim 24 in which the pump is a borehole pump.
26. The installation as claimed in any one of Claims 23 to 25 inclusive in which the prime mover is an internal combustion engine.
27. The installation as claimed in Claim 25 or Claim 26 which includes a connector piece for connection into a rising main of a borehole at which the borehole pump is installed.
28. The installation as claimed in Claim 27 in which the connector piece comprises a length of tube having a first pipe branching therefrom for feeding
BAD ORIGINAL £ untreated water from the rising main to the water treatment equipment and a second pipe, also branching from the length of tube, arranged downstream of the first pipe, for feeding water containing the water treatment agent produced by the water treatment equipment back into the rising main.
29. The installation as claimed in Claim 28 in which a venturi-like element is arranged in the connector piece at the second pipe for facilitating the feeding of said water containing the water treatment agent back into the rising main^,.—-
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA929435 | 1992-12-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AP9300597A0 AP9300597A0 (en) | 1994-01-31 |
| AP469A true AP469A (en) | 1996-03-08 |
Family
ID=25582405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| APAP/P/1993/000597A AP469A (en) | 1992-12-04 | 1993-12-02 | The treatment of water. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AP (1) | AP469A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5198193A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA938515B (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5364509A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1994-11-15 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Wastewater treatment |
-
1993
- 1993-11-15 ZA ZA938515A patent/ZA938515B/en unknown
- 1993-11-26 AU AU51981/93A patent/AU5198193A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-02 AP APAP/P/1993/000597A patent/AP469A/en active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5364509A (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 1994-11-15 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Wastewater treatment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5198193A (en) | 1994-06-16 |
| ZA938515B (en) | 1994-08-02 |
| AP9300597A0 (en) | 1994-01-31 |
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