AP630A - Oral formulations comprising itraconazole or saperconazole. - Google Patents

Oral formulations comprising itraconazole or saperconazole. Download PDF

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Publication number
AP630A
AP630A APAP/P/1996/000792A AP9600792A AP630A AP 630 A AP630 A AP 630A AP 9600792 A AP9600792 A AP 9600792A AP 630 A AP630 A AP 630A
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cyclodextrin
formulation
itraconazole
saperconazole
formulation according
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APAP/P/1996/000792A
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AP9600792A0 (en
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Marc Karel Jozef Francois
Willy Maria Albert Carlo Dries
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Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
    • A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/40—Cyclodextrins; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6949—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes
    • A61K47/6951—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit inclusion complexes, e.g. clathrates, cavitates or fullerenes using cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a formulation for oral

Description

ORAL FORMULATIONS OF AN ANTIFUNGAL
The present invention is concerned with novel compositions of antifungal agents which have low solubility in aqueous media, a process for preparing said compositions and pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral administration comprising said novel compositions.
ί«*ϊ·
The development of efficacious pharmaceutical compositions of azole antifungals such as for example, itraconazole and saperconazole, is hampered considerably by the fact that said antifungals are only very sparingly soluble in water. The solubility and bioavailability of said compounds can be increased by complexation with cyclodextrins • or derivatives thereof as described in WO 85/02767 and US-4,764,604. Alternatively, strongly acidic formulations (pH < 1.5) of itraconazole and saperconazole can be formed in which the active ingredients are partially dissolved. Obviously such strongly acidic formulations are useless for oral administration. Aqueous formulations comprising a co20 solvent such as PEG 400 completely dissolve itraconazole at pH 2.3 -2.5. However, these acidic formulations have problems with regard to ease-of-preparation, acceptability, palatability and especially bioavailability: upon administration said formulations can precipitate irreversibly, e.g. in the stomach. Acidic formulations comprising cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof might appear an obvious alternative, but the mere combinations prove to suffer from a number of similar problems, in particular dif&culty-of-preparation, lack of stability (shelf life) and palatability, and unreliable absorption. In short, there still exists an important demand for easily prepared formulation^of antifungal agents with good bioavailability and acceptable organoleptic properties for oral administration.
The present invention relates to formulations for oral administration which comprise an antifungal, e.g. itraconazole or saperconazole, as active ingredient, a sufficient amount of a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof as a solubilizer, an aqueous acidic medium as bulk liquid carrier and an alcoholic co-solvent that greatly simplifies the preparation of the composition. Preferred formulations are rendered more palatable by adding one or more pharmaceutically acceptable sweeteners, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable flavours.
AP/P/ 96/00792
AP.00630
-210 .t .
A low-dosage formulation according to the present invention is suitable for treating patients suffering from fungal infections, particularly for treating AIDS patients with oral candidiasis infections. The need for reliable formulations of itraconazole (and saperconazole) in this indication is especially high because of resistance to fluconazole developing in Candida strains. Generally, 400 mg/day represents the minimum dose required to obtain meaningful plasm levels. Suitable oral formulations typically comprise from about 0.5% to about 1.5% (w/v), preferably about 1% (w/v) of the active ingredient.
A high-dosage formulation according to the present invention is suitable for treating patients suffering from systemic fungal infections. Suitable oral formulations for combatting systemic fungal infections typically comprise from about 3% to about 5%, preferably about 4% (w/v) of the active ingredient
The formulations of the present invention are also suitable for the treatment of fungal infections in non-human animals, in particular for the treatment of deimatophytoses.
Itraconazole or (4-)-cis-4-i4-[4-i4-f[2-(2.4-dichlorophenvl)-2-(lH-lJ2.4-triazol-l-yl20 methyl)-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-l-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-2(l-methylpropyl)-3H-l,2,4-triazol-3-one, is a broadspectrum antifungal compound developed for oral, parenteral and topical use and is disclosed in US-4,267,179. Its difluoro analog, saperconazole or (+)-cis-4-f4-f4-i4-i r2-(2.4-difluorophenvl)-2-( 1H1,2,4-triazol-1 -ylmethy 1)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl] methoxy] phenyl] -1 -piperazinyl]-pheny 1] 25 2,4-dihydro-2-(l-methoxypropyl)-3H-l,2,4-triazol-3-one, has improved activity against Aspergillus spp. and is disclosed in US-4,916,134.
Appropriate cyclodextrin derivatives are α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrins or ethers and mixed ethers thereof wherein one or more of the hydroxy groups of the anhydroglucose units of the cyclodextrin are substituted with Cj-galkyl, particularly methyl, ethyl or isopropyl; hydroxyCj-galkyl, particularly hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or hydroxybutyl; carboxyCj-Galkyl, particularly carboxymethyl or carboxyethyl; Ci ^alkylcarbonyl, particularly acetyl; Cj.galkyloxycarbonylCi-galkyl or carboxyCi-fcalkyloxyCi_6alkyl, particularly carboxymethoxypropyl or carboxyethoxypropyl; Cj ^alkyl35 carbonyloxyCi^alkyl, particularly 2-acetyloxypropyl. Especially noteworthy as complexants and/or solubilizers are β-CD, 2,6-dimethyl-p-CD, 2-hydroxyethyl-p-CD,
2-hydroxyethyl-y-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-y-CD and (2-carboxymethoxy)propyl-p-CD, and in particular 2-hydroxypropyl-3-CD.
AP/P/ 96/00792
AP. Ο Ο 6 3 Ο
-3The term mixed ether denotes cyclodextrin derivatives wherein at least two cyclodextrin hydroxy groups are etherified with different groups such as, for example, hydroxypropyl and hydroxyethyl.
The average molar substitution (M.S.) is used as a measure of the average number of moles of alkoxy units per mole of anhydroglucose. In the cyclodextrin derivatives for use in the compositions according to the present invention the M.S. is in the range of 0.125 to 10, in particular of 0.3 to 3, or from 0.3 to 1.5. Preferably the M.S. ranges from about 0.3 to about 0.8, in particular from about 0.35 to about 0.5 and most particularly is about 0.4. M.S. values determined by NMR of IR preferably range from 0.3 to 1, in particular from 0.55 to 0.75.
The average shbstitution degree (D.S.) refers to the average number of substituted hydroxyls per anhydroglucose unit In the cyclodextrin derivatives for use in the compositions according to the present invention the D.S. is in the range of 0.125 to 3, in particular of 0.2 to 2 or from 0.2 to 1.5. Preferably the D.S. ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.7, in particular from about 0.35 to about 0.5 and most particularly is about 0.4. D.S. values determined by NMR of IR preferably range from 0.3 to 1, in particular from
0.55 to 0.75.
More particular β- and γ-cyclodextrin hydroxyalkyl derivatives for use in the compositions according to the present invention arc partially substituted cyclodextrin derivatives wherein the average degree of alkylation at hydroxyl groups of different positions of the anhydroglucose units is about 0% to 20% for the 3 position, 2% to 70% for the 2 position and about 5% to 90% for the 6 position. Preferably the amount of unsubstituted β- or γ-cyclodextrin is less than 5% of the total cyclodextrin content and in particular is less than 1.5%. Another particularly interesting cyclodextrin derivative is randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin. 4·'
Most preferred cyclodextrin derivatives for use in the present invention are those partially substituted β-cyclodextrin ethers or mixed ethers having hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl and in particular 2-hydroxypropyl and/or 2-(l-hydroxypropyl) substituents.
The most preferred cyclodextrin derivative for use in the compositions of the present invention is hydroxypropyl^cyclodextrin having a M.S. in the range of from 0.35 to
0.50 and containing less than 1.5% unsubstituted β-cyclodextrin. M.S. values determined by NMR or IR preferably range from 0.55 to 0.75.
AP/P/96/ 0 0792
AP.00630
-4Substituted cyclodextrins can be prepared according to procedures described in US-3,459,731, EP-A-0,149,197, EP-A-0,197,571, US-4,535,152, WO-90/12035 and GB-2,189,245. Other references describing cyclodextrins for use in the compositions according to the present invention, and which provide a guide for the preparation, purifi5 cation and analysis of cyclodextrins include the following : Cyclodextrin Technology by Jdzsef Szejtli, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1988) in the chapter Cyclodextrins in Pharmaceuticals; Cyclodextrin Chemistry by M.L. Bender et al., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1978); Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Vol. 12 Ed. by M.L. Wolffom, Academic Press, New York (157) in the chapter The Schardinger Dextrins by Dexter
French at p. 189-260; Cyclodextrins and their Inclusions Complexes by J. Szejtli, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary (1982); I. Tabushi in Acc. Chem. Research,
1982, 1^, p. 66-72; W. Sanger, Angewandte Chemie, 22, p. 343-361 (1981);
A. P. Croft and R. A. Bartsch in Tetrahedron, 39. p. 1417-1474 (1983); Irie et al. Pharmaceutical Research, 5* P· 713-716, (1988); Pitha et al. Int. J. Pharm. 29. 73, (1986); DE 3,118,218; DE-3,317,064; EP-A-94,157; US-4,659,696; and
US-4,383,992. The low-dosage oral formulations according to the present invention typically comprise from about 20% to about 60% (w/v), preferably about 40% (w/v) of the cyclodextrin. The high-dosage formulations typically comprise from about 50% to about 80% (w/v), preferably about 60% (w/v) of the cyclodextrin derivative.
In order to increase the rate of dissolution of the poorly soluble antifungal during the manufacturing process, an alcoholic co-solvent is employed in the formulations according to the present invention. For this purpose, preference is given to those alcoholic co-solvents that have good dissolving power for itraconazole and/or saperconazole, in particular ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerol, especially propylene glycol. Without the alcoholic co-solvent, the dissolution of itraconazole or saperconazole in an aqueous acidic cyclodextrin medium is very slow, requiring a viscous suspension to be stirred for a prohibitively long time until complete dissolution is obtained. Addition of the alcoholic co-solvent, in the range of about 1% (v/v) to about
20% (v/v), preferably about 10% (v/v), increases the dissolution rate of the antifungal agent in an aqueous acidic cyclodextrin medium by a factor of at least 5 (when used at 10% (v/v)) and thus considerably shortens and simplifies the production process.
As a bulk liquid carrier there is used an acidic aqueous medium. Preferably the acidity of said carrier derives from a strong, pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid. The bioavailability of the antifungal agent and the organoleptic properties of the oral formulations are affected contrariwise by the acidity. An optimum effect can be
AP/P/ 9 6/00792
AP.00630
-5obtained at pH 2.0 ± 0.1: that is, at this pH value, a sufficiently stable and bioavailable antifungal formulation is obtainable, the organoleptic properties of which can be rendered acceptable.
Not surprisingly, the ingredients thus far described yield a fairly strong-tasting potion when mixed with one another. Besides the acid taste due to the low pH, a bitter taste originating from the active ingredient, and possibly from the co-solvent (e.g. in the case of propylene glycol), is also present Optimum taste masking can be obtained by the use of two types of adjuvants, namely pharmaceutically acceptable sweeteners and flavours.
Sweeteners are the more important additives in the low-dosage formulations, whereas the flavours are more important in the high-dosage formulations.
The pharmaceutically acceptable sweeteners comprise preferably at least one intense sweetener such as saccharin, sodium or calcium saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, alitame, a dihydrochalcone sweetener, monellin, stevioside or sucralose (4,l’,6’-trichloro-4,l’,6’-trideoxy^fl/aczosucrosc), preferably saccharin, sodium or calcium saccharin, and optionally a bulk sweetener such as sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, sucrose, maltose, isomalt, glucose, hydrogenated glucose syrup, xylitol, caramel or honey. ’
The intense sweetener is conveniently employed in low concentrations. For example, in the case of sodium saccharin, the concentration may range from 0.04% to 0.1% (w/v) based on the total volume of the final formulation, and preferably is about 0.06% in the low-dosage formulations and about 0.08% in the high-dosage ones. The bulk sweetener can effectively be used in larger quantities ranging from about 10% to about 35%, preferably from about 10% to 15% (w/v). In the high-dosage formulations the cyclodextrin derivative behaves as a bulk sweetener and none of the aforementioned bulk sweeteners needs to be added.
The pharmaceutically acceptable flavours which can mask the bitter tasting ingredients in the low-dosage formulations are preferably fruit flavours such as cherry, raspberry, black currant or strawberry flavour. A combination of two cheny flavours was found to yield very good results in an itraconazole formulation both as regards physico-chemical stability as well as regards organoleptic acceptability. In the high-dosage formulations stronger flavours are required such as Caramel Chocolate flavour, Mint Cool flavour,
Fantasy flavour and the like pharmaceutically acceptable strong flavours. Each flavour may be present in the final composition in a concentration ranging from 0.05% to 1%
26/00/96 /d/dY
AP.00630
-6(w/v). Combinations of said strong flavours arc advantageously used. Preferably a flavour is used that does not undergo any change or loss of taste and colour under the acidic conditions of the formulation.
A preferred high-dosage formulation according to the present invention comprises by weight or by volume based on the total volume of the formulation:
(a) 4% (w/v) itraconazole;
(b) 60% (w/v) hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin;
(c) 10% (v/v) propylene glycol;
(d) acid and base to adjust the pH of the composition within the range of 2.0 ±0.1;
(e) 0.08% (w/v) sodium saccharin;
(f) up to 1% (w/v) of one or more strong flavours; and (g) water.
The preparation of the formulations according to the present invention will hereafter be described with regard to a preferred low-dosage formulation having the following composition (% are by weight or by volume based on the total volume of the formulation):
(a) 1% (w/v) itraconazole;
(b) 40% (w/v) hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin;
(c) 10% (v/v) propylene glycol;
(d) acid and base to adjust the pH of the composition within the range of 2.0 ±0.1;
(e) 0.06% (w/v) sodium saccharin;
(f) 19% (v/v) sorbitol (70%) non-crystallizing solution;
(g) up to 1% (w/v) of one or more cherry flavours; and (h) water.
AP/P/96/007U
Optionally, the above preferred low-dosage formulation further comprises up to 0.1%, in particular 0.02% caramel sweetener.
Similar formulations can be prepared with saperconazole, though other flavours may be preferred then.
Said process of preparation comprises the steps of 35 (a) dissolving the active ingredient in the alcoholic co-solvent and acid;
(b) dissolving the cyclodextrin in water and adding thereto the solution prepared in (a) while stirring until homogenous;
AP.00630
-7(c) adding the sweetener(s) and the flavours);
(d) adjusting the acidity to pH 2.0 ±0.1 and (e) diluting the formulation to the desired end-volume.
In particular, for preparing 1 litre of the aforementioned preferred formulation 100 ml of propylene glycol is treated with 3.76 ml concentrated HCI, stirred and slightly heated.
g itraconazole is added and stirring is continued until homogeneous.
In a separate vessel, 400 g hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin is dissolved in 400 ml distilled water. The solution of the active ingredient is added slowly to the cyclodextrin solution while stirring. The sorbitol solution (190 ml) is added and stirred till homogeneous.
The sodium saccharin (0.6 g) is dissolved in 50 ml distilled water and added to the mixture. The flavours are added and the pH of the mixture (about 1.7) is adjusted with a 10 N NaOH solution to pH 2.0 ±0.1. The resulting solution is diluted with distilled water to an end volume of 1 litre. A pharmaceutical dosage form is obtained by filtering the previous solution and filling it into suitable containers. e.g. in 100 ml glass bottles with a screw cap. The pharmaceutical dosage form advantageously comprises a minimal volume of air above the solution, preferably an inert gas such as nitrogen. Besides die exclusion of air (oxygen), storage at temperatures below 25°C also beneficially affects the maximum shelf life of the formulation for oral administration.
In case a more simple formulation lacking the flavours) and/or sweetener(s) is envisaged, step (c) is omitted partially or completely from the process of preparation.

Claims (8)

1. A formulation for oral administration comprising :
(a) itraconazole or saperconazole;
(b) a sufficient amount of a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof, to act as a solubilizer for the itraconazole or saperconazole;
(c) an aqueous acidic medium as bulk liquid carrier;
(d) an alcoholic co-solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerol;
(e) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable intense sweeteners plus one or more bulk sweeteners; and (f) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable flavors.
2. A formulation according to claim 1 wherein the cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl-βcyclodextrin having an M.S. in the range of 0.35 to 3 and containing less than 5% unsubstituted β-cyclodextrin.
3. A formulation according to claim 1 wherein the alcoholic co-solvent is propylene glycol.
4. A formulation according to claim 1 having a pH of 2.0 ±0.1.
5. A formulation according to claim 1 wherein the intense sweetener is selected from the group consisting of saccharin, sodium or calcium saccharin and the bulk sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, caramel or honey.
6. A formulation according to claim 1 comprising by weight or by volume based on the total volume of the formulation : ·&
(a) 4% (w/v) itraconazole;
(b) 60% (w/v) hydroxypropyl^-cyclodextrin;
(c) 10% (v/v) propylene glycol;
(d) acid and base to adjust the pH of the composition within the range of 2.0 ±0.1;
(e) 0.08% (w/v) sodium saccharin;
(f) up to 1% (w/v) of one or more flavours; and (g) water.
2 6 L 0 0 / 9 6 /d/t'V
AP. Ο Ο θ 3 Ο
7. A formulation according to claim 1 comprising by weight or by volume based on the total volume of the formulation :
(a) 1 % (w/v) itraconazole or saperconazole;
(b) 40% (w/v) hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin;
(c) 10% (v/v) propylene glycol;
(d) acid or base to adjust the pH of the composition within the range of 2.0 ±0.1;
(e) 0.06% (w/v) sodium saccharin;
(f) 19% (v/v) sorbitol (70%) non-crystallizing solution;
(g) up to 1 % (w/v) of one or more flavours; and (h) water.
8. A process of preparing a formulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said process comprises the steps of:
(a) dissolving the active ingredient in the alcoholic co-solvent and acid;
(b) dissolving the cyclodextrin in water and adding thereto the solution prepared in (a) while stirring until homogenous;
(c) adding the sweetener(s) and the flavour(s);
(d) adjusting the acidity to pH 2.0 ±0.1; and (e) diluting the formulation to the desired end-volume.
APAP/P/1996/000792A 1993-09-30 1994-09-22 Oral formulations comprising itraconazole or saperconazole. AP630A (en)

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US12950493A 1993-09-30 1993-09-30
PCT/EP1994/003169 WO1995008993A1 (en) 1993-09-30 1994-09-22 Oral formulations of an antifungal

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AP9600792A0 AP9600792A0 (en) 1996-04-30
AP630A true AP630A (en) 1998-03-10

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