AT211457B - Lubricants for use in the hot working of metals - Google Patents
Lubricants for use in the hot working of metalsInfo
- Publication number
- AT211457B AT211457B AT148759A AT148759A AT211457B AT 211457 B AT211457 B AT 211457B AT 148759 A AT148759 A AT 148759A AT 148759 A AT148759 A AT 148759A AT 211457 B AT211457 B AT 211457B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- water
- flakes
- sawdust
- lubricant according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
- C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
Schmiermittel zur Anwendung bei der Warmverformung von Metallen
Es ist bereits ein Warmverformungsverfahren für Metalle, insbesondere zum Schmieden bekannt, bei dem die Werkzeuge und Geräte und eventuell der behandelte Rohling beispielsweise durch Aufspritzen mit einer festen, in Wasser aufgeschlämmten Schmiermischung überzogen wurden. Die Zusammensetzung der Schmiermischung ermöglicht zumindest ihre teilweise Vergasung bei der Verformungstemperatur, wobei Gase entstehen, die sich bei ihrer Berührung mit der Luft nicht entzünden und die selbst wieder eine gasförmige Schmierschicht zwischen dem Metall und der Innenseite der Geräte und Werkzeuge bilden.
Die bei diesem Verfahren verwendete Schmiermischung enthält im allgemeinen Sägespäne, Graphit in Flittern und eventuell noch andere Bestandteile, die mit Hilfe eines Bindemittels, das aus einem Fettstoff oder einem Trockenöl besteht, zu einem Agglomerat verbunden sind. Bei den Warmverformungstemperaturen wird jedoch das Bindemittel gleich am Beginn der Verformung zerstört, so dass die Schmiermischung bereits erschöpft ist, bevor noch der maximale Verformungsdruck zur Anwendung kam.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schmiermischung, die nicht mit diesem Nachteil behaftet ist. Die erfindungsgemässe Schmiermischung, die eine verbrennbare und nicht abschleifende Substanz in feinverteiltem Zustand sowie Graphit inFlittern enthält, wird mittels eines Bindemittels zu einem Agglomerat verbunden, das aus einer organischen, bei der Verformungstemperatur verkokbaren Substanz besteht, deren Scherfestigkeit bei dieser Temperatur so gross ist, dass sich die Flitter gegeneinander erst von jenem Augenblick an verschieben können, wo der maximale Verformungsdruck erreicht ist.
Vorzugsweise wird ein solches Bindemittel mit einer Grundschmiermischung in Pulverform gemischt.
Das Gemisch kann entweder in Form einer wässerigen Lösung für sämtliche Arbeitsvorgänge bei der Warmverformung von Metallen, insbesondere beim Schmieden, Strangpressen, Gesenkschmieden, Walzen und allen derartigen Arbeitsvorgängen, oder in Tabletten- oder Fladenform verwendet werden, die man durch Komprimieren dieses Gemisches unter geeigneten Wärmebedingungen erhält. Dieses Grundpulver setzt sich wie folgt zusammen : 45% Graphit in Staubform
EMI1.1
Je nach der Verwendungsart und der besonderen Anwendungsform des Schmiermittels wird dieses Grundpulver in verschiedenen Mengenverhältnissen und mit einem synthetischen Bindemittel wie Polystyrol oder mit Dextrin aufgeschlämmt.
So verwendet man beispielsweise in solchen Fällen, wo das Schmiermittel auf die Geräte und Werkzeuge aufgespritzt werden soll, Aufschlämmungen mit nachstehenden Zusammensetzungen :
1) Bei niedrigen Temperaturen von etwa 250 bis 300oC, insbesondere zum Schmieden, Ziehen oder Gesenkschmieden :
3 kg Grundpulver
1 kg wasserlösliches Harz, z. B. von der Marke "LUSTREX"
15 l Wasser
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
2) Bei hohen Temperaturen über 400OC, wie sie bei Warmverformungen vorkommen :
3 kg Grundpulver
1 kg wasserlösliches Harz, z. B. von der Marke "LUSTREX"
0, 45 kg Dextrin
0, 45 kg Natriumsilikat (Natronwasserglas)
EMI2.1
Das Natriumsilikat bewirkt in diesem Fall ein besseres Haftvermögen des Schmiermittels am Metall bei hoher Temperatur.
Das vorstehend beschriebene Grundpulver in Wasser aufgeschlämmt kann ebenso bei Metallrohlingen Anwendung finden und im Tauchverfahren oder mit Pinsel oder Spachtel aufgetragen werden, wobei das Schmiergemisch am Metall haftet und während des Vorwärmen der Rohlinge trocknet. Der gleiche Anwendungsvorgang gilt auch für Geräte und Werkzeuge, insbesondere für die Auftragung auf Dome in Auspressvorrichtungen für Metallrohre. In diesem Fall hat die Aufschlämmung folgende Zusammensetzung :
1) Bei hohen Temperaturen :
1 kg Grundpulver
0, 115 kg Polystyrol
1, 35 kg Trichloräthylen 2) Bei niedrigen Temperaturen : 2, 5 kg Grundpulver
1 kg wasserlösliches Harz wie Marke"LUSTREX"
1,3 l Wasser.
"LUSTREX"ist ein wasserlösliches Polystyrol-Na-Salz, welches sowohl mit einem Molekulargewicht von 10. 000 als auch mit einem von 70. 000 erzeugt wird. Die Wasserlöslichkeit wird durch die Bildung eines Natriumsalzes, aus vorhandenen phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen hervorgerufen.
EMI2.2
"LUSTREX"ist in praktisch allen organischen Lösungsmitteln unlöslich und löst sich nur in Wasser in einem PH- Bereich von 1 bis 12.
Für die Herstellung des angegebenen Schmiermittels sind sowohl das nieder- als auch das höher- molekulare"LUSTREX"brauchbar.
PATENTANSPRÜCHE :
1. Schmiermittel zur. Anwendung bei der Warmverformung von Metallen, zusammengesetzt aus einem durch ein Bindemittel, z. B. ein natürliches oder synthetisches Harz, zu einem Agglomerat verbundenen Gemisch aus einer brennbaren, nicht abschleifenden Substanz in feinverteiltem Zustand und Graphit in Flittern, gekennzeichnet durch ein Bindemittel, das bei der. auftretenden Verformungtemperatur verkokbar ist und bei dieser Temperatur eine Scherfestigkeit besitzt, die ein gegenseitiges Gleiten der Flitter erst nach Erreichung des auftretenden maximalen Verformungsdruckes erlaubt.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Lubricants for use in the hot working of metals
A hot forming process for metals, in particular for forging, is already known, in which the tools and equipment and possibly the treated blank have been coated with a solid lubricating mixture suspended in water, for example by spraying. The composition of the lubricant mixture enables it to be at least partially gasified at the deformation temperature, producing gases which do not ignite when they come into contact with the air and which themselves form a gaseous layer of lubricant between the metal and the inside of the equipment and tools.
The lubricating mixture used in this process generally contains sawdust, graphite in flakes and possibly other constituents which are bound to form an agglomerate with the aid of a binding agent consisting of a fatty substance or a drying oil. At the hot deformation temperatures, however, the binder is destroyed right at the beginning of the deformation, so that the lubricating mixture is already exhausted before the maximum deformation pressure has been applied.
The invention relates to a lubricating mixture which does not suffer from this disadvantage. The lubricant mixture according to the invention, which contains a combustible and non-abrasive substance in a finely divided state as well as graphite in flakes, is connected by means of a binder to form an agglomerate which consists of an organic substance which can coke at the deformation temperature and whose shear strength at this temperature is so great that the tinsel can only move against each other from the moment when the maximum deformation pressure is reached.
Such a binder is preferably mixed with a base lubricant mixture in powder form.
The mixture can either be used in the form of an aqueous solution for all operations in the hot forming of metals, in particular in forging, extrusion, drop forging, rolling and all such operations, or in tablet or flat form, which can be used by compressing this mixture under suitable heat conditions receives. This basic powder is composed as follows: 45% graphite in dust form
EMI1.1
Depending on the type of use and the particular form of application of the lubricant, this base powder is slurried in various proportions and with a synthetic binder such as polystyrene or with dextrin.
For example, in cases where the lubricant is to be sprayed onto the equipment and tools, slurries with the following compositions are used:
1) At low temperatures of around 250 to 300oC, especially for forging, drawing or drop forging:
3 kg base powder
1 kg of water-soluble resin, e.g. B. from the brand "LUSTREX"
15 liters of water
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
2) At high temperatures above 400OC, as occurs with hot deformation:
3 kg base powder
1 kg of water-soluble resin, e.g. B. from the brand "LUSTREX"
0.45 kg of dextrin
0.45 kg sodium silicate (soda water glass)
EMI2.1
In this case, the sodium silicate causes the lubricant to adhere better to the metal at high temperatures.
The base powder described above, slurried in water, can also be used for metal blanks and applied by dipping or with a brush or spatula, the lubricant mixture adhering to the metal and drying while the blanks are preheated. The same application process also applies to equipment and tools, in particular for application to domes in extrusion devices for metal pipes. In this case, the slurry has the following composition:
1) At high temperatures:
1 kg base powder
0.115 kg of polystyrene
1.35 kg trichlorethylene 2) At low temperatures: 2.5 kg base powder
1 kg of water-soluble resin such as the "LUSTREX" brand
1.3 liters of water.
"LUSTREX" is a water-soluble polystyrene sodium salt which is produced both with a molecular weight of 10,000 and with one of 70,000. The water solubility is caused by the formation of a sodium salt from existing phenolic hydroxyl groups.
EMI2.2
"LUSTREX" is insoluble in practically all organic solvents and only dissolves in water in a pH range from 1 to 12.
Both the low molecular weight and the higher molecular weight "LUSTREX" can be used for the production of the specified lubricant.
PATENT CLAIMS:
1. Lubricants for. Application in the hot forming of metals, composed of a by a binder, z. B. a natural or synthetic resin, to form an agglomerate mixture of a combustible, non-abrasive substance in a finely divided state and graphite in flakes, characterized by a binder that is used in the. occurring deformation temperature can be coked and at this temperature has a shear strength that allows mutual sliding of the flakes only after reaching the occurring maximum deformation pressure.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR211457X | 1958-03-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT211457B true AT211457B (en) | 1960-10-10 |
Family
ID=8880841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT148759A AT211457B (en) | 1958-03-07 | 1959-02-25 | Lubricants for use in the hot working of metals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT211457B (en) |
-
1959
- 1959-02-25 AT AT148759A patent/AT211457B/en active
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