AT393456B - Centrifugal pump for the conveyance of blood - Google Patents
Centrifugal pump for the conveyance of blood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AT393456B AT393456B AT2615/89A AT261589A AT393456B AT 393456 B AT393456 B AT 393456B AT 2615/89 A AT2615/89 A AT 2615/89A AT 261589 A AT261589 A AT 261589A AT 393456 B AT393456 B AT 393456B
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- rotor
- rear wall
- blood
- housing
- outflow
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
- A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/419—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being permanent magnetic, e.g. from a rotating magnetic coupling between driving and driven magnets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
- A61M60/104—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body
- A61M60/109—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems
- A61M60/113—Extracorporeal pumps, i.e. the blood being pumped outside the patient's body incorporated within extracorporeal blood circuits or systems in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/20—Type thereof
- A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
- A61M60/221—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having both radial and axial components, e.g. mixed flow pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/20—Type thereof
- A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
- A61M60/226—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly radial components
- A61M60/232—Centrifugal pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/30—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output
- A61M60/36—Medical purposes thereof other than the enhancement of the cardiac output for specific blood treatment; for specific therapy
- A61M60/38—Blood oxygenation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
- A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/408—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
- A61M60/411—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor
- A61M60/416—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor transmitted directly by the motor rotor drive shaft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
- A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/81—Pump housings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
- A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/818—Bearings
- A61M60/82—Magnetic bearings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
- A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
- A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
- A61M60/422—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
AT 393 456 BAT 393 456 B
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zentrifugalpumpe vom radialen oder gemischt achsial-radialen Typ zur Förderung von Blut.The invention relates to a centrifugal pump of the radial or mixed axial-radial type for conveying blood.
Neben Schlauchpumpen und Membranpumpen werden für die Beförderung des Blutes für die Kreislaufunterstützung, in Herz-Lungenmaschinen und Dialysegeräten Zentrifugalpumpen, das sind Kreiselpumpen des radialen und gemischt axial-radialen Typs, eingesetzt Aufgrund der besonderen Eigenschaften von Blut müssen derartige Pumpen besondere Anforderungen erfüllen. Dazu gehört neben einer möglichst geringen Scherbelastung des Blutes auch die Vermeidung von Totwasserzonen beziehungsweise Rezirkulationsgebieten, da es beim Vorhandensein derartiger Zonen zu Ablagerungen von Blutbestandteilen kommen kann, was dann als Thrombenbildung bezeichnet wird.In addition to peristaltic pumps and diaphragm pumps, centrifugal pumps, which are centrifugal pumps of the radial and mixed axial-radial type, are used for the transport of blood for circulatory support, in cardiopulmonary machines and dialysis machines. Due to the special properties of blood, such pumps must meet special requirements. In addition to the lowest possible shear stress on the blood, this also includes avoiding dead water zones or recirculation areas, since the presence of such zones can lead to deposits of blood components, which is then referred to as thrombus formation.
In Fig. 1 ist eine übliche Zentrifugalpumpe dargestellt wie sie auch für die Beförderung von Blut verwendet wird. Das Blut strömt durch den Einstrom (19) in das Pumpengehäuse (3) und wird durch einen Rotor (20) in Drehung versetzt. Durch die auftretende Zentrifugalkraft wird es nach außen gedrückt und durch den am Umfang liegenden Ausstrom (5) gepreßt Da die bei anderen Zentrifugalpumpen übliche Dichtung des Rotors am äußeren Umfang aufgrund der dabei auftretenden Scherkräfte und Reibungsverluste bei Blutpumpen nicht durchgeführt werden kann, ist auch der Raum zwischen Rotorrückseite (9) und Hinterwand des Gehäuses (12) mit Blut ausgefüllt Dort kommt es insbesondere in Nähe der Welle (7) (beziehungsweise der Achse bei anderen Bauformen) und ihrer Dichtung (8) aufgrund der langen Verweilzeit des dort befindlichen Blutes vorrangig zur Thrombenbildung. Zur Abhilfe wird in manchen Pumpen die Bodenplatte des Rotors mit Öffnungen versehen oder der Rotor überhaupt ohne Grundplatte ausgeführt Aber auch bei diesen Konstruktionen bleibt eine Totwasserzone um die Welle bzw. Achse bestehen.In Fig. 1, a conventional centrifugal pump is shown as it is also used for the transport of blood. The blood flows through the inflow (19) into the pump housing (3) and is rotated by a rotor (20). Due to the centrifugal force that occurs, it is pressed outwards and pressed through the outflow (5) on the circumference. Because the seal of the rotor, which is common in other centrifugal pumps, cannot be carried out on the outer circumference due to the resulting shear forces and friction losses in blood pumps, the space is also too Filled with blood between the back of the rotor (9) and the rear wall of the housing (12) There, especially in the vicinity of the shaft (7) (or the axis in other designs) and its seal (8) due to the long dwell time of the blood located there Thrombus formation. To remedy this, the bottom plate of the rotor is provided with openings in some pumps or the rotor is designed without a base plate at all. Even with these constructions, a dead water zone remains around the shaft or axis.
Durch die Erfindung soll die Bildung von Thromben an der Achse vermieden werden. Diese Pumpe, bei der der Rotordurchmesser mindestens so groß wie der Abstand von Bodenplatte und Einlaufspitze des Rotors ist und der Abstand zwischen Rotorumfang und Gehäuse mindestens 1/20 des Rotordurchmessers beträgt, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Vermeidung von Totwasserzonen an der Rotorrückseite der Ausstrom auf der dem Einstrom gegenüberliegenden Gehäuserückwand liegt und dadurch ein Teil des Blutes an der Rotorachse beziehungsweise Rotorwelle vorbeigeführt wird.The invention is intended to avoid thrombus formation on the axis. This pump, in which the rotor diameter is at least as large as the distance between the base plate and the inlet tip of the rotor and the distance between the rotor circumference and the housing is at least 1/20 of the rotor diameter, is characterized in that the outflow on the back of the rotor to avoid dead water the rear wall of the housing opposite the inflow and thereby a part of the blood is guided past the rotor axis or rotor shaft.
Die Erfindung wird in den Figuren 2-11 dargestellt: Figur 2 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform in Längsschnitt, die Figuren 3,4,6, und 7 zeigen verschiedene Ausführungsform»! der Gehäuserückwand in Aufsicht, Fig. 5 und Fig. 8 zeigen Schnitte durch verschiedene Ausführungsformen der Gehäuserückwand, Hg. 6a zeigt einen Detailschnitt durch die Gehäuserückwand gemäß Figur 6, Fig. 9 zeigt eine Aufhängung der Rotorachse auf im Gehäuse liegenden Stegen, Fig. 10 zeigt eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Anordnung des Antriebes, und in Fig. 11 ist eine Ausführung der Pumpe mit Welle und Durchführung dargestelltThe invention is illustrated in FIGS. 2-11: FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment in longitudinal section, FIGS. 3, 4, 6 and 7 show different embodiments. 5 and 8 show sections through different embodiments of the housing rear wall, ed. 6a shows a detailed section through the housing rear wall according to FIG. 6, FIG. 9 shows a suspension of the rotor axis on webs lying in the housing, FIG. 10 shows another way of arranging the drive, and in Fig. 11, an embodiment of the pump with shaft and bushing is shown
Fig. 2 zeigt wie durch eine entsprechende Positionierung des Ausstromes (14) eine Umspülung der Achse (13) erreicht wird: Das Blut gelangt durch den Einstrom (19) in die Pumpe und wird durch den Rotor (20) in Drehung versetzt und nach außen gepumpt. Der Rotor kann dabei mit Hügeln als Impeller oder mit übereinanderliegenden Scheiben ausgeführt sein. Der Durchmesser des Rotors ist dabei mindestens so groß wie der Abstand von der Bodenplatte (34) zur Einlaufspitze (33) des Rotors, wodurch sich eine Strömung vom radialen beziehungsweise gemischt achsial-radialen Typ »gibt Der Rotor ist durch ein Lager (22) beweglich auf der starren Achse (13) gelagert, wobei eine Dichtung (8) das Lager (22) von Blut freihält. Er enthält einen oder mehrere eingebaute Magnete (21) und wird durch das magnetische Wechselfeld angetrieben, das vom Stator (18), der außerhalb der Pumpe an ihrem Umfang angebracht ist, mit den Spulen (17) erzeugt wird. Der Abstand zwischen Rotorumfang und Gehäusewand beträgt dabei mindestens 1/20 des Rotordurchmessers, um eine Zerstörung des Blutes durch zu hohe Reibung (=Scherkraft) zwischen Rotor und Gehäusewand zu verhindern.Fig. 2 shows how a flushing of the axis (13) is achieved by appropriate positioning of the outflow (14): the blood enters the pump through the inflow (19) and is rotated by the rotor (20) and outwards pumped. The rotor can be designed with hills as an impeller or with disks lying one above the other. The diameter of the rotor is at least as large as the distance from the base plate (34) to the inlet tip (33) of the rotor, resulting in a flow of the radial or mixed axial-radial type. The rotor is movable by a bearing (22) mounted on the rigid axle (13), a seal (8) keeping the bearing (22) free of blood. It contains one or more built-in magnets (21) and is driven by the alternating magnetic field generated by the stator (18), which is attached to the periphery of the pump, with the coils (17). The distance between the rotor circumference and the housing wall is at least 1/20 of the rotor diameter in order to prevent the blood from being destroyed by excessive friction (= shear force) between the rotor and the housing wall.
Das Blut gelangt am äußeren Umfang (10) des Rotors vorbei zum Zwischenraum (11) zwischen Gehäuserückwand (12) und Rotorrückseite (9). Aufgrund der relativ hohen Distanz zwischen Rotor (20) und Gehäuse (3) wird die Drehung verlangsamt, sodaß sich an der Rotorrückseite (9) ein Druck einstellt, der in etwa dem erzeugten Druck am äußeren Umfang des Rotors (20) entspricht Durch eine trichterförmige Vertiefung (15) der Gehäusehinterwand (12) gelangt das Blut in den Ausstrom (14).The blood flows past the outer circumference (10) of the rotor to the intermediate space (11) between the rear wall (12) and the back of the rotor (9). Due to the relatively large distance between the rotor (20) and the housing (3), the rotation is slowed down, so that a pressure is established on the rotor rear side (9) which corresponds approximately to the pressure generated on the outer circumference of the rotor (20) by a funnel-shaped one The recess (15) in the rear wall of the housing (12) passes the blood into the outflow (14).
Die Pumpe ist im Gegensatz zu anderen aus der US-PS 4779614 und der DE-OS 3640657 bekannt gewordenen Pumpen vom radialen oder gemischt achsial-radial»! Typ, sodaß d» Durchmesser des Rotors groß gegen seine Höhe ist Dadurch ergibt sich eine niedrigere Drehzahl des Rotors als bei Achsialpumpen und bei Antrieb über in den Rotor eingelagerte Permanentmagnet»! eine kleines Verhältnis zwischen dem Abstand Rotor-Stator und dem Rotordurchmesser, was eine bessere Verteilung des magnetischen Feldes erlaubt.In contrast to other pumps known from US Pat. No. 4,779,614 and DE-OS 3640657, the pump is radial or mixed axial-radial. Type so that the diameter of the rotor is large compared to its height. This results in a lower speed of the rotor than in axial pumps and when driven by a permanent magnet embedded in the rotor. a small ratio between the rotor-stator distance and the rotor diameter, which allows a better distribution of the magnetic field.
Eine gemischt radial-achsiale Pumpe ist auch in der Patentschrift US-PS 1242859 beschrieben, doch wird dort weder die Welle freigestellt und umspült, noch ist der Abstand zwischen Rotor und Gehäuse groß genug, um eine Förd»ung von Blut ohne große Beschädigung der Blutbestandteile zu »möglich»!.A mixed radial-axial pump is also described in the patent specification US Pat. No. 1242859, but there the shaft is not released and washed around, nor is the distance between the rotor and the housing large enough to convey blood without causing major damage to the blood components to »possible» !.
Gemischt radial-achsiale Pumpen für die Förderung von Blut werden unter anderem in den Patentschriften US-PS 4037984, US-PS 4507048 und US-PS 4589822 beschrieben, jedoch liegt bei all diesen Pumpen der Ausstrom am Gehäuseumihng.Mixed radial-axial pumps for the conveyance of blood are described, inter alia, in the patents US-PS 4037984, US-PS 4507048 and US-PS 4589822, but in all these pumps the outflow is due to the housing.
Fig. 3 zeigt die Gestalt der trichterförmig»! Vertiefung (15) der Gehäuserückwand (12): Sie besitzt einen längeren Übergang (26) zum Ausstrom (14) und eine steilere Wand (25) nach diesem Ausstrom (jeweils bezogen auf die Drehrichtung (24)) und ist in der Mitte bis an die Achse (13) herangeführt. Am Umfang kann -2-Fig. 3 shows the shape of the funnel-shaped »! Indentation (15) of the rear wall of the housing (12): It has a longer transition (26) to the outflow (14) and a steeper wall (25) after this outflow (in each case based on the direction of rotation (24)) and is in the middle up to the axis (13) brought up. The circumference can be -2-
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT2615/89A AT393456B (en) | 1989-11-15 | 1989-11-15 | Centrifugal pump for the conveyance of blood |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT2615/89A AT393456B (en) | 1989-11-15 | 1989-11-15 | Centrifugal pump for the conveyance of blood |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATA261589A ATA261589A (en) | 1991-04-15 |
| AT393456B true AT393456B (en) | 1991-10-25 |
Family
ID=3537426
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT2615/89A AT393456B (en) | 1989-11-15 | 1989-11-15 | Centrifugal pump for the conveyance of blood |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT393456B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0699447A1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-06 | JOSTRA MEDIZINTECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG | Centrifugal bloodpump |
| AT412065B (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2004-09-27 | Schima Heinrich Dr | ROTATIONAL PUMP WITH HYDRAULICALLY BEARED ROTOR |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1242859A (en) * | 1917-01-27 | 1917-10-09 | Aloizy Plonski | Rotary pump. |
| US4507048A (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1985-03-26 | Jacques Belenger | Centrifugal clinical blood pump |
| DE3640657A1 (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-09 | Heinz Turbanisch | PUMP FOR LIQUID MEDIA |
| US4779614A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1988-10-25 | Nimbus Medical, Inc. | Magnetically suspended rotor axial flow blood pump |
-
1989
- 1989-11-15 AT AT2615/89A patent/AT393456B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1242859A (en) * | 1917-01-27 | 1917-10-09 | Aloizy Plonski | Rotary pump. |
| US4507048A (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1985-03-26 | Jacques Belenger | Centrifugal clinical blood pump |
| DE3640657A1 (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-09 | Heinz Turbanisch | PUMP FOR LIQUID MEDIA |
| US4779614A (en) * | 1987-04-09 | 1988-10-25 | Nimbus Medical, Inc. | Magnetically suspended rotor axial flow blood pump |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0699447A1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-06 | JOSTRA MEDIZINTECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG | Centrifugal bloodpump |
| US5658136A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-08-19 | Jostra Medizintechnik Gmbh | Centrifugal blood pump |
| AT412065B (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2004-09-27 | Schima Heinrich Dr | ROTATIONAL PUMP WITH HYDRAULICALLY BEARED ROTOR |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA261589A (en) | 1991-04-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELJ | Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee |