AT414038B - BUILDING BODY FOR HEAT-STORING OVENS, ESPECIALLY TABLE OVENS - Google Patents

Description

2

AT 414 038 B

The invention relates to a plate-shaped block for the construction of a heat-storing furnace, such as a tiled stove, or parts of its structure, in particular for the construction of the combustion chamber whose flue and / or its periphery, such. As a furnace bank, which block is formed of a heat and refractory, heat-storing material on 5 base of fireclay and / or refractory concrete, and for connection to or composite with provided for building a respective furnace structure adjacent furnace bricks has three of its boundary surfaces a plurality of matrix or grid-like arranged, each with each other geometrically and dimensionally identical elevations and on the opposite surfaces of these boundary surfaces accordingly-io de wells.

The prior art corresponds to the construction of a tiled stove with bricks and plates, both having the characteristic that they od at any of their side surfaces, on two side surfaces or on four side surfaces opposite each other elevations and recesses 15 as connecting elements, such as tongue and groove. like. exhibit.

The well-known building blocks or plates for the construction of heat storage ovens of their combustion chambers and Heizgaszügen and of any periphery for the same, such as. Oven benches or the like. For example, if they are present at all without elevations and depressions as mentioned above, they must be joined together with much more care than those with such elevations and depressions, and are, as long as the composite is not solidified between the building blocks, with little mechanical impact , eg due to carelessness during the construction work, against each other displaceable. However, they form relatively fragile structures even after solidification of the composite mass. 25

Improvements can be achieved if, as in the case of already known furnace components of the case, provided on the upper and on the lower narrow side of this and / or on two lateral narrow sides when setting the tiled stoves plate-shaped blocks, for example, a tongue and groove form-fitting is. However, a stable bond is achieved even in these Plat-th th only in two spatial directions.

From AT 001037 U1 a building block for the production of tiled stoves is known, which has on its upper side a number of cylindrical nubs located in a line, as well as on its underside opposite recesses, the nubs and the Ausneh-35 mungen have a distance from one another which corresponds to the wall thickness of the module and each have a distance from the edges of the block, which corresponds to half the wall thickness, wherein it is further provided that at least one row of knobs and on the other side surface opposite recesses are arranged on one side surface. 40

The third surface pair is formed there without elevations and depressions. As a result, in one spatial direction, a mutual toothing of the building blocks which stabilizes the furnace structure produced using the building blocks is not guaranteed. 45 Moreover, in all hitherto known plate-shaped building blocks for tiled stove a relatively large number of cuts or separations of the blocks required by targeted breaking, or it is the attitude of bearings with a large number of building blocks of different dimensions required, which works in each case - and costly and makes an exact calculation when ordering a furnace difficult. 50

It is the object of the present invention to reduce the number of different plate-shaped building blocks required for the construction of a furnace, and further to avoid the removal of raised fasteners from vertically erected plate-shaped building blocks when laying a horizontal plate thereon. In addition, an essential objective of the invention is that already during the furnace construction of FIG

AT 414 038 B its beginning with a mechanically stable, practical " immovable " and to achieve a perfectly fitting overall structure. Furthermore, a substantial reduction in the number of different formats of the stones and plates to be kept in stock should be achieved. Finally, the number of necessary blanks during the furnace construction itself should be minimized and - if even 5 necessary - be facilitated.

The invention thus relates to a plate-shaped building block, for the construction of a heat-storing furnace of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that the elevations of one of the boundary surfaces of the block for engaging in the recesses io one of the mating surfaces of the furnace to be connected to the same, are provided in the same way designed blocks or vice versa, and that the block at all its or on each of its boundary surfaces and mating surfaces, in particular at all his or at each of his, preferably at all its in the three main spatial directions, facing outward Boundary surfaces or mating surfaces, either over said 15 boundary surfaces or mating surfaces over the entire surface or at least in all provided for a connection to similar building blocks areas of these boundary surfaces or mating surfaces each carries the surveys or depressions.

It is very important to point out that the new furnace components have all around their outer sides or outer surfaces, ie on all sides, a larger number of lines or raster-like arranged elevations and depressions as connecting elements, with a full coverage of all surfaces the new building blocks for furnaces with arranged in the grid elevations or depressions is present. 25 Thus, in the context of the basic grid side length in the respective grid any kind of assembly of the stones in all three dimensions secured and this with high stability of each created with the new building blocks furnace structure against mutual slippage or dislocation of the furnace components from the beginning of the walling the ovens. 30 The all-roundness of the interlocking toothing also facilitates the process of constructing the furnace structure itself, since, as it were, an exactly pre-programmed sliding of each of the elevations into the respective depressions and vice versa can take place on all sides, and this in assembling the building blocks in all spatial dimensions. 35 dome and pyramidal shapes of the peaks and valleys are particularly preferred within the scope of the invention, as they are due to their all-round " rejuvenation " towards the outside a lateral displacement of a block at the beginning of installation in a previously built with similar blocks and therefore immovable structure and thus a start of the positive connection on the sides of an already built, so immovable neighbor-40 building block with its wells and with the surveys enable the new block to be used. Then the respectively involved pyramidal surfaces or crests of elevations and depressions glide into each other in two spatial directions and ultimately into one another until a positionally accurate, sturdily intermeshed positive fit is achieved. At least one of the respective elevations or depressions bearing surfaces, so thus also these surveys and 45 wells themselves, are acted upon by an ultimately hardening adhesive.

Furthermore, the advantage is given that not only the building blocks of a plane, but also those of two or more levels are optimally stabilized and held together by the elevations and depressions. 50

It should be emphasized at this point that the form fit between the elevations and depressions of the blocks according to the invention with each other usually not a precise fit with theoretically zero gap or zero gap between adjacent building blocks or between the surveys and Recesses of 55 adjacent building blocks in the furnace structure to be built is: Rather, 4

AT 414 038 B between the elevations and depressions there is a gap or space for the composite mortar between the blocks. In this sense, the closing in question of the furnace stones in the vast majority of cases should not be seen very closely. 5 However, the new building blocks can also be added without binders, since the form-fitting provides high stability. For example, it would be sufficient to provide elastic, thin, refractory films as sealing elements between the adjacent new building blocks. io With sophisticated dimensioning of the new furnace blocks within the framework of the basic grid side length and its multiple, even when constructing complex furnace structures, the cutting of the blocks for their installation can be limited to a few cutting operations.

Closely related to this, the number of base formats to be kept in stock decreases and the ovens to be built from the new building blocks are easier to calculate.

In more than 95% of cases, heat-storing stoves or tiled stoves have basic structures with right angles, but at the same time there should be a high degree of adaptability to the shape and dimension of the premises to be heated by the respective oven and, of course, to the individual aesthetic needs of the users.

A consistent and easy construction of the furnaces by joining the furnace blocks in the manner of a loose plug-in system is made possible by a respective diametrical arrangement of the grid of elevations and depressions. Due to the arrangement of elevations 25 and depressions on all surfaces of the building blocks can also between two upright plate-shaped building blocks - approximately on the type of shelves -horizontale " Intermediate floors " or ceilings, e.g. when creating the Heizgaszuges a tiled stove, are provided. These requests can be accommodated in a favorable manner by using furnace components with a square arrangement of the elevations and depressions according to claim 2 in a square grid.

With regard to the geometrical shapes of the individual elevations of the furnace blocks or their corresponding recesses, it is fundamentally important that they have a square plan corresponding to the given grid dimension, the elevations or depressions themselves being either rotationally symmetrical about a central axis or have the number four corresponding, so square, symmetry. Accordingly, for the projections and recesses, preferred are vault or ball dome shapes, as in claim 3, and pyramid or truncated pyramid shapes having convexly curved pyramidal surfaces, as provided in claim 4. It should be noted that curved shapes may require more expensive molds, but less scrap in production, but edged shapes allow breakage of the bricks more easily.

As particularly advantageous for production, storage and warehousing, transportation and processing in the setting of the ovens, surveys or depressions in the form of such ordinary " positive " and " negative " square pyramids or truncated pyramids proven.

A optionally adjacent to the pyramid on the underside, square, flat prism as shown in claim 5, may be favorable for the creation of mechanically particularly stable furnace structures. 5

AT 414 038 B

Abrasion and possibly crumbling, in particular during manipulation, transport and processing of the new furnace components can be counteracted by rounding the edges of the elevations and depressions according to claim 6, so by flattening or -Abrundungen in an advantageous manner. 5

Surveys or depressions in the form of truncated pyramids ensure, as has been shown in practice, high security against manipulation in every phase of production and processing, ie in the production of the compacts, in their drying, firing, storage, transport, cutting, and also in terms the accuracy of the offset and the high stability of the finished oven structure.

In this sense, it is further advantageous if the bases of the pyramid elevations are not formed to form a raster of chisel-like "valleys", and the depressions are not accompanied by sharp " ridges " adjacent to each other, but between them and 15 and between them and to the building edge web bands are arranged, as disclosed in claim 7.

According to claim 8, the configuration of these webs flat-flat, or the aforementioned valleys and ridges corresponding, convex or concave. With such rounded fillet, " edges ", which are starting sites for cracks, e.g. caused by thermal stresses, can form, as well as additions of such hollow inner edges by fly ash and / or soot can be avoided.

Preference is given to furnace components whose elevations and depressions are in themselves relatively flat-raised or shallow-recessed, wherein, however, their intermeshing should definitely be ensured in order to achieve high structural stability and simplified processing when setting the furnaces. In this sense, ratios of the height of the elevations to the lateral length thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous within the limits outlined by claim 9. 30 A rich and rapid displacement of the new building blocks to a respective desired furnace, so in particular Feuerraum-, deduction and a possible peripheral structure, allow furnace bricks with slightly different sized elevations and depressions according to claim 10. Since the dimensions of the Surveys and depressions remain the same, it is such that z. For example, the web bands between the peaks are wider and the peaks 35 themselves " lower " are as the corresponding web bands between the depressions and the depressions themselves. In compliance with the dimensional relationships specified there, a proportion of composite mass which is favorable for the stability of the composite of the building blocks, e.g. Ofenbauton, secured between the blocks, which u.a. also has the task of thermal compensation. 40

In the invention particularly preferred truncated pyramid embodiment of the surveys have dimensional ratios according to claim 11 proved to be advantageous in the above sense. 45 As regards the web bands between the elevations and the edge webs, so relations according to claims 12 and 13 are preferred.

With regard to the individual basic dimensions of the new furnace components themselves, there is a requirement to achieve the highest possible flexibility with the smallest possible number of formats in the so individual shape and internal structure of the furnace to be set so. So basically plate-shaped building blocks with a simple grid thickness are to be preferred. If one needs twice the thickness, it is possible to achieve this by congruent superimposition of two such plate-shaped building blocks. By offsetting even overlaps of the two-layered plate-like blocks and so a 55 stable, mutual teeth can be achieved. 6

AT 414 038 B

Reference to the drawing, the invention is explained in more detail:

2 shows a schematic oblique view of another new building block with its elevations and recesses, FIG. 3 shows one of the elevations from the grid assemblage of the same, FIGS. 4 to 5 schematic two different shapes of the surveys, Figures 6 to 8 in plan, side and front view of three erfmdungsgemäße furnace blocks of different formats for a particularly simple and flexible setting of the furnaces and Fig. 9 shows an example of the concrete structure of a entire tiled stove practically only from the in Figs. 6 to 8 io shown, a grid system according dimensioned blocks, with only a minimum of blanks is required.

The new shown here in its basic form plate-shaped block 10 of FIG. 1 has a total thickness dp in the extent of a basic grid side length (= 1 ms) and 15 a side length Ip of five basic screen side lengths (= 5 ms). The basic contour edges of the module 10 are highlighted with greater line thickness and designated 132, 131 and 121, with the elevations covered base side surfaces of the block 10 with the elevations 20 with 101, 102, 103 and their diametral side surfaces with the wells 30 with 101 ', 102', 103 '. The module 10 is, as is essential to the invention, covered on all sides with elevations 20 or depressions 30 in raster or row arrangement. The elevations 20 and the

Recesses 30 are here in their basic form square flat pyramidal, the pyramid base side length gs is identical to the basic grid dimension ms. The edges 202 between the pyramidal surfaces 201 are not rounded here, nor are the pyramid tips 208. The height h of the pyramids 20 and the depth t of the pyramid depressions 30 are identical to one another in this basic embodiment and amount to approximately one fourth of the two Length fs of their bases 200, 200 'or the here with her identically long negative pyramid base length gs.

Clearly visible is also the respective diametrical arrangement of the pyramidal depressions 30 30 with respect to the pyramidal elevations 20th

The plate-shaped furnace module 10 of FIG. 2, which is otherwise schematically shown in an oblique view, has elevations 20 or depressions 30 in the form of flat, square pyramids with the prism side lengths fs each, placed on a flat square prism web webs 250 with a width bf and counter web bands 350 with preferably smaller width bg are arranged on all sides between the elevations 20 and between the depressions 30. The web bands 250, 350 may be flat-planar, but also e.g. be formed in the prism side surfaces 21 shown here adjacent elevations or depressions concave or convex curved überge-40 starting. To the outer plate contour edges 132, 131 and 121 out between the same and the elevations or depressions 20, 30 respectively narrow edge web bands 251, 351 are arranged with different widths rf and rg. The pyramidal surfaces 201 of the elevations 20 intersect each other in the pyramid edges 202, the pyramid tips 208 form the maxima of the elevations 20 with the height h. 45

With otherwise constant reference numerals meanings, Fig. 3 illustrates one of the elevations 20 on the surface 101 of a plate-shaped furnace module 10 having a preferred invention truncated pyramid shape, the same along the truncated pyramid base sides 200 with the side length fs around the web bands 250th surrounded with a width bf so.

The pyramidal surfaces 201 intersect to form the edges 202 and form with the truncated pyramid top 205 each upper edges 206. All of the mentioned edges 202, 206 and the base side 200 may be rounded. Likewise, instead of 55 a flat truncated pyramid surface 205 may be provided a spherical cap. The pyramids- 7

AT 414 038 B

Base is denoted here by 207.

4 shows two adjacent dome-shaped elevations 20, whose counter-depressions, not shown, are preferably dimensioned somewhat exactly smaller than 5, correspondingly being arranged as depressions with corner tips in a plate-shaped oven module, all other being identical. Between each two bumps 20, " V valleys " have convexly curved valley sides. and " acute " Lowering at the intersection of four adjacent elevations 20. Both these valleys and the depressions may preferably be rounded. 10

FIG. 5 shows a square-pyramidal elevation 20 in its basic form, each having four convexly curved pyramidal surfaces 201 and edges 202.

In FIGS. 6a to 6c, 7a to 7c and 8a to 8c plate-shaped furnace blocks 10 with Eris surveys 20 and recesses 30 are shown, which are essential components of the novel, particularly flexible furnace construction system. Their dimensions differ from the theoretical dimensions of plate thickness pd, length pl and width pb, which should each be an integer multiple of the basic grid dimension ms, by a small amount sb downwards. 20

It is practical in practice for the plate-shaped furnace building blocks 10 shown here. a basic screen page length ms of 40 mm is used.

The negative deviation sb of the lengths of the basic contour edges 131, 121, 132 of the same 25 amounts to 2 mm in the concrete exemplary case compared to the theoretical integer multiple of the basic screen side length ms of n = 40 mm (n = integer). Thus, instead of 5 o 40 = 200 mm, 4 x 40 = 160 mm and 1 x 40 = 40 mm, the basic contour edge lengths of the plate-shaped building block shown in FIGS. 7 a to 7 c are each only 198, 158 and 38 mm. This negative 2 mm deviation of the block dimensions from the theoretical dimensions due to the 30 basic screen side length ms is necessary for the formation of the gap between the adjacent building blocks 10 for receiving the composite mass, e.g. Clay, provided when setting the stove.

With regard to the details of the furnace components 10 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 and 8 and their elevations 20 and depressions 30, the following is to be explained with reference to FIG. 6, which is analogous to FIGS. 7 and 8 applies:

The upper side 101 of the block 10 shown in plan view in FIG. 7a, according to the concrete example, has truncated pyramidal projections 20 with a basic edge length fs of 40 30 mm and a height h of 8 mm. Such elevations are on the Fig. 8a he visible, arranged above and right side surfaces 102 and 103. Between the elevations, the width bf of the web bands 250 is 10 mm. However, the width rf of the edge web bands 251 is not, as theoretically actually provided, 5 mm, but only 4 mm, whereby a total of the above-explained 2 mm gap tolerance is guaranteed. 45

The truncated pyramidal recesses 30 are - also for the sake of forming a gap between abutting blocks and their elevations and depressions in the construction of the furnace sized larger than the projections 20. Their base side gs is 34 mm, the width bg of the web bands 350 between them 6 mm and the width of their edge bars 351 only 2 mm. The depth t of the recesses 30 is concretely 10 mm.

The truncated pyramidal top surfaces 205 of the projection 20 and the recess 30 are identical and both have the dimensions 6 times 6 mm 2 due to the length of the edges ks of 6 mm. 55 Quite analogous to the plate-shaped building block according to FIG. 6, the furnace

Claims (13)

8 AT 414 038 B blocks 10 of Fig. 7 and 8 in the formats 5 ms ° 9 ms and 5 ms · 11 ms formed, in which case the o.a. Reduction of the lengths of all contour edges 131, 121, 132 by the above-mentioned amount sb of concretely 2 mm, ie from 40, 160, 200, 360 and 440 mm to 38, 158, 198, 358 and 438 mm, is provided. In FIGS. 9a to 9g, each beginning from the bottom BK of a tiled stove 50 up to its ceiling DK are divided into the construction planes E1 to E4 - schematically plan views or sections through one, alone with the blocks 10 of FIG. 6 to 8 shown in the formats there apparent brick stove 50, wherein the interlocking elevations io and depressions on their major surfaces are not shown, but the block dimensions are defined in some places by specifying the integer multiples of the basic grid page length ms. Finally, FIG. 9g shows the furnace 50 constructed with the new building blocks and the arrangement of the building blocks 20 with details of their dimensions in the basic grid side length ms or of their multiple in the elevation, the gaps 110 being between the building blocks the binder mass to the composite with a gap width sb are indicated. It is clear from FIG. 9 as a whole that in the furnace structure shown only two components have to be cut separately, in each case for the bottom BK and for the cover 20 DK plate-shaped components of the size 1 × 3 (!) × 11 (ms) 1 2 3, from which the great advantage of based on the plate-shaped building blocks 10 according to the invention furnace construction system clearly shows. Below, by way of example only, concrete proven dimensions of the new building blocks 10 by specifying the number of basic grid side lengths are to be mentioned by way of example in practice in furnace construction. a) width bp times length lp of main surfaces 101, 101 ': 5 ms × 4 ms, 5 ms × 9 ms or 5 ms × 11 ms thickness dp: 1 or 2 ms 30 b) width bp times length lp of main surfaces 101, 101 '4 ms ° 4 ms, 4 ms ° 9 ms or 4 ms e 11 ms and / or with the following dimensions bp ip 5 ms * 5 ms, 5 ms 0 6 ms or 5 ms «7 ms and thickness dp for all such Blocks 1 or 2 ms. The above-mentioned main dimensions oriented on the basic grid side length ms are advantageously in each case by a width sb of columns 150 provided in each case between the individual building blocks 10 of the respective furnace 50 accommodating binder material for the connection of the building blocks 10 diminished together. 40 Patent claims: 1 plate-shaped building block for the construction of a heat storage furnace, such as a tiled stove, or parts of its structure, in particular for the construction of the combustion chamber 45, the heating cable and / or its periphery, such. B. a furnace bank, wel cher building block from a heat and refractory, heat-storing material based on fireclay and / or refractory concrete, is formed and for connection to or composite with provided for building a respective furnace structure adjacent furnace bricks three of its boundary surfaces arranged a plurality of matrix or grid like so, in each case geometrically and dimensionally similar Erhe 2 exercises and on the opposite surfaces these boundary surfaces corresponding recesses, characterized in that 3 - that the elevations (20) of one of the boundary surfaces (101 , 102, 103) of a building block (10) for engaging in the recesses (30) of one of the mating surfaces (101 ', 102', 9 AT 414 038 B 103 ') of an adjacent building block (10) are provided or vice versa and - that the building block (10) on all or on its respective boundary surfaces (101, 102, 103) and mating surfaces (1 01 ', 102', 103 '), in particular at all of its or at each of its, preferably at all its in the three main spatial directions, after 5 outwardly facing boundary surfaces or mating surfaces, either over the genann th boundary surfaces or mating surfaces over the entire surface or at least in all for a connection to adjacent building blocks (10) provided areas of these boundary surfaces or mating surfaces in each case said elevations (20) and depressions (30) carries. 10 2. Module according to claim 1, characterized in that - the side length (ms) of a square grid area corresponds to one or more times the plate thickness (dp), - that the side lengths of each boundary surface (101, 102, 103) an integer 15 multiples of the Basic grid with a side length (ms) correspond and - that in these square grid surfaces, the base surfaces (207) of the elevations (20) and recesses (30) are formed. 3. Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual elevations 20 (20) or recesses (30) are formed substantially as vaulted, in particular spherical dome cutouts with a square plan. 4. The module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual elevations (20) or depressions (30) substantially in the manner of a square pyramid 25 or such a truncated pyramid with convexly curved pyramidal surfaces (201) and edges (202) are formed. 5. Building block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the individual elevations and depressions (20, 30) each as pyramids with square Grundflä- 30 surface with straight edges or as pyramids with at their base edges (200) connect the flat -Prisma (21) are formed with a square base. 6. Building block according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the square-pyramidal elevations (20) and depressions (30) in the manner of Pyramidenstümp- fen 35 or formed by pyramids with a dome in place of the pyramid tip. 7. Block according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elevations (20) and recesses (30) in a conventional manner surrounded on all sides by web bands (250, 350) or partially by edge web bands (251, 351) or ., 40 adjacent elevations (20) and depressions (30) by such web bands (250, 350) are separated from each other. 8. block according to claim 7, characterized in that the web bands (250, 350) and the edge web bands (251, 351) are formed cross-sectional concave or konvex. 45 9. Building block according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ratio of the distance (h) of the highest point (s) of the individual elevations (20) and those of the lowest point (s) (t) of the individual wells ( 30) from a base surface (207) of the elevations and depressions to the length (fs, gs) of the base edge (200) thereof 1 to 2 to 1 so to 7, in particular 1 to 3 to 1 to 6. 10. Block according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the elevations (20) and depressions (30) square basic grid with an identical basic grid side length (ms), wherein the height (h) and the base side length (fs) of the Erhe - 55 (20) are smaller, preferably in the range of 8 to 30%, in particular 10 to 10 AT 414 038 B 25%, as the depth (t) and the base side length (gs) of the recesses (30). 11. The module according to claim 2, characterized in that in the form of truncated pyramids with a square base (20) and recesses (30) the length (ks) of the transition from the pyramidal surfaces to the pyramidal trimming top surface (205) forming edges (206) amount to 10 to 30% of the basic side length (fs or gs) of the truncated pyramids. 12. Building block according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the Stegbän- of the (250) between the elevations (20) has a web width (bf) in the range of 15-30%, in particular 18-25% of The basic screen side length (ms) and the web bands (350) between the recesses (30) have a smaller web width (bg) of 10-25%, in particular 15-20%, of the basic screen page length (ms). 13. The module according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the edge web bands (251, 351) between the elevations (20) and the recesses (30) and the block edges (121, 131, 132) substantially one Web width (rf, rg), which are half of the ridge widths (bf) and (bg) of the web bands (250, 251) between the elevations (20) and the recesses (30) itself, but these half web-20 ten by half the width (sb) of each desired columns between each other be adjacent building blocks (10) in the construction of the furnace or in the finished furnace (50) are reduced. 25 For this 9 BSatf drawings 30 35 40 45 50 55