AT526332A4 - Carburettor device for producing combustible gas - Google Patents

Abstract

Gasifier device (1) for obtaining combustible gas (2) from combustible material (3), in particular from biomass, comprising - a reactor vessel (4) which encloses a reactor cavity (5), and - at least one filling lock (6) for filling the Material (3) into the reactor cavity (5), and - at least one grate (7) in the reactor cavity (5), and at least one gas outlet (8) for removing the combustible gas (2) generated from the combustible material (3) from the Reactor cavity (5), and - at least one discharge shaft (9) for discharging non-combustible foreign bodies (10) from the reactor cavity (5), the gas outlet (8) and the discharge shaft (9) being on the side opposite the filling lock (6). of the grate (7), the grate (7) having at least one fixed grate element (11) and at least one arranged on the side of the fixed grate element (11) facing the filling lock (6) and by means of a rotation device (12) about an axis of rotation (13) has a rotatable grate element (14).

Description

The present invention relates to a gasification device for obtaining combustible gas from combustible material, in particular from biomass, comprising - a reactor vessel which encloses a reactor cavity, and - at least one filling lock for filling the material into the reactor cavity, and - at least one grate in the reactor cavity, and - at least one gas outlet for removing the combustible gas generated from the combustible material from the reactor cavity, and at least one discharge shaft for discharging non-combustible foreign bodies from the reactor cavity, the gas outlet and the discharge shaft being on the

Filler lock arranged on the opposite side of the grate

are.

Carburettor devices of this type can also be called direct current fixed bed carburettors. They are used to obtain combustible gas from combustible materials, which can then be used, for example, in internal combustion engines as fuel or for

to be used for other purposes.

Combustible material is preferably biomass,

especially wood, but can also be a mixture of materials, for example

made of biomass and plastic, preferably with a relative

high biomass content.

During the gasification process in such a gasification device, a grate with small holes is required in order to collect the combustible material to be gasified, i.e. the so-called sweeping bed, and that of material that can no longer be used for the gasification process,

such as ash or slag. The little holes

in the rust are usually less than 10 mm in size,

The material supplied for gasification often contains not only combustible material, but can also contain non-combustible material or non-combustible foreign bodies,

such as pieces of metal and/or stones.

Non-combustible material or non-combustible foreign bodies can be simply referred to as foreign bodies. Man

could also speak of incombustible foreign bodies.

The foreign bodies are usually heavier than the combustible material and sink downwards within the reactor vessel and within the fixed bed due to gravity,

until they reach the grate.

All foreign bodies that are larger than the hole size, e.g. 10 mm, cannot pass through the small holes in the grate

arrive and accumulate on the grate.

The accumulation of foreign bodies disrupts the gasification process, and if there are too many foreign bodies, the carburetor device will no longer function

or at least severely impaired.

The carburettor device must be cleaned of the Fremä bodies.

A frequently used and z.8. In AT 513811 B1 the necessary type of cleaning is to allow the carburettor device to cool down and to remove the foreign bodies manually. However, this cleaning process can involve significant downtime, as the cooling process can take hours to days and the subsequent manual cleaning due to the cramped conditions in the reactor cavity

often very laborious and difficult 18st,

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a carburetor device which is improved over the prior art and which does not have any of the

Gasification process requires separate cleaning process.

This task is accomplished by the features of patent claim 1

solved.

It is therefore provided in carburetor devices according to the invention that the grate has at least one fixed grate element and at least one arranged on the side of the fixed grate element facing the filler lock and by means of a rotation device about an axis of rotation

has a rotatable grate element.

As a result of the rotation of the at least one rotatable grate element, the foreign bodies become a wall on the outside

of the reactor vessel and thus towards the discharge shaft

transported.

The big advantage of this gasification device is that the cleaning process or the removal of foreign particles from the material to be gasified is continuous

Operation of the carburetor device takes place.

There is therefore no need to interrupt the gasification process for cleaning, which significantly extends the periods of gas production and thus the amount of gas produced

clearly increased.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that no laborious cleaning procedure has to be carried out, and therefore

Labor resources can be saved.

Furthermore, the function of the carburettor device is ensured throughout by continuously removing foreign bodies from the rust. This has the favorable consequence that

Gas production is consistently high quality.

The reactor vessel is preferably essentially a cylindrical container, which can have any cross-sectional shape when viewed from above in the operating position of the gasifier device. The base area of the reactor vessel can therefore, for example, be circular,

be rectangular, elliptical, cloud-shaped etc.,

It is preferably provided that the filling lock for filling the combustible material is arranged in the region of the reactor cavity at the upper end, so that the combustible material, which typically also contains foreign bodies when filling the bin, is located during operation of the reactor cavity

Carburetor device essentially from top to bottom

emotional.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the gas outlet for removing the combustible gas generated is at the end of the reactor vessel opposite the filling lock,

especially in the area of the bottom of the reactor vessel,

is arranged.

The at least one grate is arranged between the filling lock and the GC outlet and is preferably located in the lower region of the reactor vessel in the operating position

the carburettor device.

The grate and its sub-elements, i.e. the at least one fixed grate element and the at least one rotatable grate element, can have small holes, which are usually smaller than 10 mm, preferably smaller than 5 mm

are.

This means that any material, including both combustible and non-combustible material

is smaller than 10 mm, preferably smaller than 5 mm

can reach the rust.

Since the non-braking material or the foreign bodies are usually heavier than the combustible material, the foreign bodies move comparatively quickly from top to bottom due to gravity, i.e. from the

Finfüllschleuse in the direction of the grate, and collect at

Rust on.

All foreign bodies that are larger than the holes in the grate and/or the gap between the fixed and rotating grate elements, see below, accumulate in a collecting area of the grate and are transported through the grate

Discharge shaft discharged from the reactor cavity.

mutually concentric circular outer contours.

The at least one fixed grate element and the at least one rotatable grate element can be seen in plan view as being round or at least in their basic shape

be formed annular disks,

It is also possible for a carburetor device to have several grids, with each grid having at least one fixed one

and has at least one rotatable grate element.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention become

defined in the dependent claims.

It is particularly preferably provided that the one rotatable grate element, or in the case of at least two rotatable grate elements, the rotatable grate element arranged closest to the discharge shaft, has at least one driver for taking away the non-combustible foreign bodies

for having at least one discharge shaft.

The at least one driver can be designed as a type of projection or a type of tongue, which protrudes or protrudes in the radial direction over the at least one rotatable grate element in such a way that the foreign bodies are removed when the rotatable grate element rotates by means of the

at least one driver can be pushed along,

71728

f

It is particularly preferably provided that the at least one fixed grate element and the at least one rotatable grate element are arranged next to one another, in particular alternately, such that there is a gap between them at least in some areas, which has a gap width of at most 10 mm, preferably at most 5 mm,

having.

The gap width of the gap is preferably at least

in some areas between 1 mm and 5 mm.

If the outer contours of the at least one fixed grate element and the at least one rotatable grate element are circular and/or annular in plan view, the gap is

preferably essentially ring-shaped.

The at least one gap is advantageously the area through which the generated flammable gas and smaller foreign bodies and also ash and/or coal particles

can get through the grate.

It is particularly preferably provided that the rotatable grate element closest to the filling sluice is larger than for the non-combustible foreign bodies

10 mm, preferably larger than 5 mm, is impermeable.

It may also be that the rotatable grate element closest to the filling sluice is completely impermeable, so that neither solids, such as foreign bodies, nor gases

or liquids can get through.

It is also conceivable that all or some of the fixed ones

and the rotatable grate elements have small holes,

which are smaller than 10 mm, preferably smaller than 5 mm

are.

It is particularly preferably provided that the at least one fixed grate element furthest away from the filling lock comprises at least one collecting area for receiving and / or transporting the foreign bodies, the collecting area having at least one opening for

has at least one discharge shaft.

Conveniently, the collection area is located essentially on the lowest fixed grate element in the operating position of the carburettor device, so that the foreign bodies are there, following the force of gravity.

can collect independently.

In particular, in the case of a cylindrical reactor vessel, it is preferably provided that the collecting area is essentially ring-shaped in plan view and/or at the edge of the grate substantially adjacent to the reactor vessel

is arranged.

In a reactor vessel which comprises several grates, the collection area is conveniently designed in such a way that the accumulation and discharge of foreign bodies between the

Rusting is possible.

The collection area can also have multiple openings

have discharge shafts,

The transport of the foreign bodies in the collection area is conveniently carried out by the at least one driver of the discharge shaft closest to the at least one discharge shaft.

lowest rotatable grate element.

rust element, and vice versa.

It is preferably provided that the outer diameter of the respective grate elements decrease in the direction of the filling sluice, so that there is a gap between the grate elements at least in some areas, preferably with a, preferably relatively small, overlap of the fixed and rotatable grate elements,

arises.

With regard to the operating position of the carburetor device, this means that the top grate element is advantageously a rotatable grate element and has the smallest outside diameter of all grate elements, and that the bottom grate element is advantageously a fixed grate element and has the largest outside diameter of all

Has rust elements.

It is preferably provided that the carburetor device has at least one grate holder for holding the at least one fixed grate element, the grate holder preferably being outside a movement path of the possibly

existing at least one driver is arranged.

It is beneficial if there is at least one grate holder

is outside the collection area because of the grate holder

could severely hinder the transport of foreign bodies, which could cause too

can lead to unwanted jamming.

It is particularly preferably provided that the at least

a grate holder on a side wall of the reactor vessel

is attached.

The at least one grate holder is then preferred

intended if more than one fixed grate element

is available,

It is preferably provided that the at least one grate holder holds all fixed grate elements except for that

The discharge shaft holds the grate element closest to it.

The fixed grate elements are preferably one

Each grate is held by at least three grate holders.

It is preferably provided that the at least one rotatable Rosgtelement is connected to a support rod in a rotationally fixed manner, the at least one rotatable

Grate element and the support rod together using the

Rotation device can be rotated about the axis of rotation.

It is preferably provided that the support rod has a, preferably internal, feed device for the supply of

Gasification agent in the reactor cavity.

On the support rod there can be arms with outlet openings that can rotate with the support rod, through which the feed device runs and gasification means can pass through the outlet openings into the

reactor cavity can be supplied,

The support rod, if present, is conveniently located from the, preferably outside the reactor vessel,

Rotation device rotatable about the axis of rotation.

The rotation device, preferably comprising at least one motor, is preferably under the reactor vessel in the operating position of the gasifier device

arranged,

Particularly preferably, the carburetor device has at least one in the area between the filler pipe and the grate

Rotatable agitator for stirring the combustible material in the

reactor cavity.

Furthermore, it can be provided that

Carburettor device on the outside of the reactor vessel

Has thermal insulation.

The thermal insulation is advantageously designed so that it has at least one component arranged on the reactor vessel, such as

e.g. which contains at least one grate holder or

can accommodate.

Further advantages and details of preferred variants of the invention result from the figures and the

associated character description. Show:

1 is a horizontal section of a first exemplary embodiment of a carburetor device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the first exemplary embodiment

a carburetor device according to the invention,

3 is a horizontal section of a second exemplary embodiment of a carburetor device according to the invention,

4 shows a vertical section of the second exemplary embodiment of a carburetor device according to the invention,

Fig. 5 exploded view of the grate of the second embodiment of a carburetor device according to the invention, and

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of a third embodiment of an inventive

Carburettor device.

1 and 2 show schematically a first exemplary embodiment of a carburetor device 1 according to the invention, with FIG

Horizontal section and Fig. 2 shows a vertical section.

1 is essentially a plan view of the grate 7, which in this exemplary embodiment has a fixed grate element 11 and a rotatable grate element 14 arranged on the side of the fixed grate element 11 facing the filling lock 65

having.

In this exemplary embodiment, the rotatable grate element 14 has eight drivers 15, which carry the non-combustible foreign bodies 10 accumulated in the collecting area 17 particularly well when the support rod 20 rotates and at least one discharge shaft 2

transport.

If there are several rotating grate elements 14, this is advantageous

provided that in particular that at least one

Discharge shaft 9 closest rotatable Rosgtelement 24 has at least one driver 15. The other rotatable grate elements 14 then conveniently have none

Takeaway £15.

In this exemplary embodiment, the carburetor device has exactly one discharge shaft 9 and therefore exactly one opening 18 in the collecting area 17. But there can also be several openings 18 and discharge shafts 3 for the outflow

Foreign bodies 10 from the reactor cavity 5 may be present,

Between the fixed grate element 11 and the rotatable grate element 14 there is advantageously a gap 16, at least in some areas, which has a gap width of at most 10 mm, preferably at most 5 mm. In Fig. 1, this gap 16 is shown as a continuous line without an explicitly shown gap width or overlap of the fixed grate element 11 and the rotatable one

Rust element 14 shown.

In this exemplary embodiment, the rotatable grate element 14 is a completely impermeable disk. The rotatable grate element 14 can also have small holes, which are preferably smaller than 10 mm, preferably smaller than

5 mm, so that it is at least partially permeable to smaller solids, foreign bodies and gases, and impermeable

for the larger non-combustible foreign bodies 10 is.

In this exemplary embodiment, the gasifier device i has thermal insulation 22 in the area of the side wall of the reactor vessel 4, the thermal insulation 22 serving in particular to control the temperature within the

Reactor vessel 4 to be kept as constant as possible.

In this exemplary embodiment, in particular due to the cylindrical shape of the reactor vessel 4, the collecting area 17 is essentially ring-shaped in plan view and the edge of the grate 7 essentially borders on the reactor vessel 4

and/or to the insulation 4.

In particular, depending on the shape of the reactor vessel 5 and/or the number and relative position of the grates 7 to one another within the reactor vessel 4, the

Collection area 17 also has a different shape.

Furthermore, in Fig. 2 there is a filling lock 6 for supplying the combustible material 3, which also contains the foreign bodies 10

contains, shown in the reactor cavity 5.

In the vertical section of the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the gap 16 between the fixed grate element 11 and the rotatable grate element 14 is clearly shown. It can be seen that the combustible gas 2

can get through the gap 16.

The combustible gas 2 can then enter the reactor cavity 5 through the GCas outlet 8, which is arranged in particular on the side of the reactor vessel 4 opposite the filling lock

is, abandoned.

Furthermore, there is an agitator 23 for mixing the combustible material 3, which can be rotated about its own axis by means of a rotary drive. It is also possible for the agitator 23 to be vertical in the operating position of the carburetor device 1 shown in FIG

is movable.

Waiters is shown a thermal insulation 22 on the side walls of the reactor vessel 4, which is advantageous at least in

Essentially in the area of the agitator 23 and the grate 7

is arranged.

2 also shows the support rod 20, with which the at least one rotatable grate element 14 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner in this exemplary embodiment, the support rod 20 and the rotatable grate element 14 being connected together around the axis of rotation 13 by means of the rotation device 12

are rotatable.

In this exemplary embodiment, the support rod 20 has a feed device 21 for the supply of gasification agent, such as

e.g. air and/or oxygen, into the reactor cavity 5.

In this embodiment variant, there are 13 arms on the support rod 20 orthogonal to the axis of rotation with an internally extended feed device 21 and feed openings ZUL

Supply of gasification agent into the reactor cavity 5

arranged.

In the following description of the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, priority will be given to the differences from the first exemplary embodiment in order to avoid repetition. Otherwise, the above description of the first exemplary embodiment also applies, as far as applicable, to those described below

Examples of execution.

3 and 4 show schematically a second exemplary embodiment of a carburetor device 1 according to the invention, with FIG

Horizontal section and Fig. 4 shows a vertical section.

3 is essentially a top view of the grate 7, which in this exemplary embodiment has three fixed grate elements 11 and three rotatable grate elements

14 includes.

In this exemplary embodiment, the carburetor device 1 has four grate holders 19 for holding the fixed grate elements 11, the grate holders 19 being outside

the movement path of the drivers 15 are arranged.

It should be noted that in the first exemplary embodiment shown in Figs

Side wall of the reactor vessel 4 is attached.

As can be clearly seen in FIG. 4, the fixed grate elements 11 and the rotatable grate elements 14

preferably arranged alternately.

What is advantageous is that apart from the lowest one, i.e. the one that has at least one discharge shaft 9? The closest, fixed grate element 11, all other fixed grate elements 11 do not directly adjoin the reactor vessel 4, so that at least in some areas there is a distance between the fixed grate elements 11 and the reactor vessel 4

There is passage of material.

This means that, except for the lowest grate element 11, i.e. the one closest to the at least one discharge shaft 9, all others are fixed

fixed grate elements 11 are essentially ring-shaped

and rust projections 24 for attachment to the

Have grate holders 19.

The grate holders 19 are clearly shown in FIG

are.

In Fig. 4, the gaps 16 between the fixed grate elements 11 and the rotatable grate elements 14 are also clearly visible. There are a total of five gaps 16 through which the combustible gas 2

can flow through.

5 shows an exploded view of the grate 7 of the second exemplary embodiment, the individual grate elements 11 and 14 being shown in a plan view according to their vertical order or according to their alternating arrangement. Here three fixed grate elements 11 and three rotatable grate elements 14 are shown, the rotatable grate elements 14 being rotatable by means of

marked with a curved arrow.

Here you can see that in this exemplary embodiment, the lowest fixed grate element 11 is also the collecting area 17, where the foreign bodies 10 are located

accumulate due to gravity,

Furthermore, it can be seen that the lowest rotatable grate element 14 has four drivers 15, which sweep over the collecting area 17 when the support rod 20 rotates and pass the foreign bodies 10 to at least one opening 18

transport at least one discharge shaft 9,

Furthermore, in this exemplary embodiment, all fixed grate elements 11 each have four grate projections 24, which are conveniently designed so that they

can be attached to the associated grate brackets 19.

It can also be seen in FIG. 5 that the fixed grate elements 11 are conveniently annular and, apart from the lowest one, are designed in such a way that there are distances between them

Outer edges and the reactor vessel 4 are present,

6 shows a horizontal section of a third exemplary embodiment of a carburetor device 1 according to the invention in which four grates 7 within one

Reactor vessel 4 are arranged.

The lowest fixed grate element 11 advantageously has, when viewed in plan view, essentially an outer contour which is the same as the outer contour of the reactor vessel 4, since the lowest fixed grate element 11 is directly

is attached to the side wall of the reactor vessel 4.

The lowest fixed grate element 11 is the common bottom fixed end for all existing grates 7

Rust element 11.

The common lowest fixed grate element Li is conveniently also the collection area 17 Zur

Accumulation of foreign bodies 18.

To discharge the accumulated foreign bodies 10, the carburetor device 1 in this exemplary embodiment has a

Discharge shaft 9 in the middle between the grates 7.

In this exemplary embodiment, each of the grates 7 conveniently has another substantially additional one in addition to the lowest shared fixed grating element 11

annular fixed grate element 11.

All annular fixed grate elements 11 are conveniently held by means of grate holders 192, whereby it can be that on some grate holders 19 there are at least two

annular fixed grate elements 11 are attached.

Furthermore, in this embodiment variant, each grate 7 conveniently has two rotatable grate elements 14, with the lowest rotatable grate element 14 in each case

has four drivers 15.

The rotatable grate elements 14 of the respective grates 7 are connected to the respective support rods 20 in a rotationally fixed manner

and with the support rods 20 and those arranged internally therein

Feed devices 21 rotatable.

In this exemplary embodiment, six arms with feed openings for feeding gasification agent transported through the feed device 21 into the reactor cavity 5 are also star-shaped on the individual Y support rods 20

arranged.

22

ZZ «

24

20

Legend

to the reference numbers:

Carburettor device Flammable gas Flammable material Reactor vessel Reactor cavity Filling lock Rust

Gas outlet Discharge shaft Foreign body Fixed grate element Rotation device Rotation axis Rotatable grate element Driver

gap

Collection area opening grate holder support rod feed device thermal insulation agitator

Rust projections

Claims (1)

21 claims 1. Carburettor device {1} for obtaining combustible Gas (2) made of combustible material (3), in particular Biomass, comprehensive - a reactor vessel (4), which encloses a reactor cavity {5}, and - at least one filling lock (6) for filling the material {3} into the reactor cavity (5), and - at least one grate (7) in the reactor cavity (5), and - at least one gas outlet (8) for removing the combustible gas (2) generated from the combustible material (3) from the reactor cavity {5), and - at least one discharge shaft (9) for discharging non-combustible foreign bodies (10) from the reactor cavity {5}, whereby the gas outlet (8) and the discharge shaft (9) on the one opposite the filling sluice (6). Side of the grate (7) are arranged, thereby characterized in that the grate (7) has at least one fixed grate element (11) and at least one the side of the bin filling lock (6) facing fixed grate element (11} arranged and by means of a rotation device {12} Rotation axis (13) rotatable grate element (14) having, 22 Carburettor device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the one rotatable grate element (14), or in the case of at least two rotatable grate elements (14), the rotatable grate element (14) arranged closest to the discharge shaft (9) has at least one driver ( 15) for taking the foreign bodies (10) to at least one discharge shaft {9}. Carburettor device {1} according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one fixed grate element {11} and the at least one rotatable grate element {14} are arranged next to one another in such a way that there is a gap (16) between them at least in some areas, softer a gap width of at most 10 mm, preferably at most 5 mm. Carburettor device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotatable grate element (14) closest to the filler lock (6) is for the foreign bodies (10) which are larger than 10 mm. preferably larger than 5 mm, is impermeable. Carburettor device {1} according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one fixed RBost element (11) furthest away from the bin filling lock (6) comprises at least one collecting area {17} for receiving the foreign bodies (10), whereby the collection area (17) has at least one opening {18} to at least one discharge shaft (9) has. Carburetor device (1) according to claim 5, characterized characterized in that the collection area (17) is in the 23 Top view is essentially ring-shaped and / or on the edge of the grate {7} essentially adjacent to it Reactor vessel {4} is arranged, Carburettor device (1} according to one of claims 1 to &, characterized in that the grate (7} has at least two fixed grate elements (11} and at least two rotatable grate elements (14), the fixed grate elements (11) and the rotatable ones Grate elements (14) are arranged alternately. Carburetor device {1} according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the carburetor device {1} has at least one grate holder {19) for holding the at least one fixed grate element {11}, the grate holder (19) being outside the movement path of the at least a driver (15) is arranged. Carburettor device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one rotatable grate element (14) is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a support rod (20), the at least one rotatable grate element (14) and the support rod (20) being connected together by means of the rotation device {12} Rotation axis (123) can be rotated. Carburettor device {1} according to claim 92, characterized in that the support rod {20} has a, preferably internal, feed device (21) for supplying gasification agent into the reactor cavity (5). having.