AT54055B - Process for the production of white enamels. - Google Patents
Process for the production of white enamels.Info
- Publication number
- AT54055B AT54055B AT54055DA AT54055B AT 54055 B AT54055 B AT 54055B AT 54055D A AT54055D A AT 54055DA AT 54055 B AT54055 B AT 54055B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- production
- zirconium
- oxide
- opacifier
- white enamels
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical group O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
- C03C8/20—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions containing titanium compounds; containing zirconium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/04—Opacifiers, e.g. fluorides or phosphates; Pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
Verfahren zur Herstellung weisser Emaillen.
Die Verwendung des chemisch reinen Zirkonoxyds als Trübungsmittel für die Herstellung weisser Emaillen ist bekannt. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass die Deckkraft des Zirkonoxyds, welches einen Ersatz für das bisher verwendete Zinnoxyd bilden soll, eine verhältnismässig geringe ist, und dass zur Erzielung jener Trtibungse1fekte, welche mit Zinnoxyd erreicht werden, wesentlich grössere Mengen an Zirkonoxyd erforderlich sind, wie an Zinnoxyd. Demzufolge ist der Ersatz des Zinnoxyds durch Zirkonoxyd, welches im Preise sehr hoch steht, für die Praxis zu kostspielig. Es ist auch vorgeschlagen worden, natürliches bzw. normales Zirkonsilikat als Trübungsmittel anzuwenden. Die diesbezüglichen
Versuche haben aber ergeben, dass dem natürlichen bzw. dem normalen Zirkonsilikat nur eine sehr geringe trilbende Wirkung zukommt.
Daher wurde bisher angenommen, dass die Silikate des Zirkonium als Trübungsmittel überhaupt ungeeignet sind. Vorliegende Er- . findung beruht nun auf der Erkenntnis, dass man durch Abspaltung nur eines Teiles der
Kieselsäure aus dem natürlichen oder aus einem normalen Zirkonsilikat ein voluminöses
EMI1.1
stellung des chemisch reinen Oxyds besitzt eine wesentlich grössere Deckkraft als Zirkonoxyd und auch grössere Deckkraft als Zinnoxyd. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass das der Erfindung gemäss hergestellte Trübungsmittel, wein es in der gleichen Menge angewendet wird wie das Zinnoxyd, beinahe die doppelte Deckung hervorruft.
Das Trübungsmittel der Erfindung gemäss enthält, wenn es in der gleichen Menge angewendet wird wie das Zirkonoxyd, woniger von dem wertvollen Zirkonium, so dass die Verwendung dieses Trübungsmittel selbst dann wirtschaftlicher wäre, wenn dasselbe auch nur die gleiche Deckung hervorrufen würde wie das Zirkonoxyd.
Zur Herstellung des vorliegenden Trubungsmittels eignet sich beispielsweise folgendes Verfahren :
Dio normalen oder natürlichen Silikate des Zirkonium werden zunächst fein gepulvert und durch Behandlung mit Säuren, wie Salzsäure oder dgl.. von färbenden Bei- mengungen gereinigt. Hierauf werden die Silikate mit Karbonaten oder Hydraton der Alkalien (zweckmässig des Natriums) oder dgl. unter solchen Bedingungen erhitzt, dass teilweise Abspaltung dbi Kieselsäure eintritt. Die vollständige Abspaltung der Kieselsäure bzw. die vollständige Umwandlung in Karbonat, in Hydrat bzw. in eine Oxyd-Alkaliverbindllng erfolgt erfahrungsgemäss durch Schmelzen bzw.
Erhitzen des Silikats bei sehr hohen Temperaturen mit einem grossen Überschuss von alkalischen Aufschliessungsmitteln. Der vollständigen Umwandlung in Karbonat, in Hydrat oder in eine Oxyd-Alkaliverbindung kann dadurch vorgebeugt werden, dass entweder geringere Mengen der Aufscbliessungsmittel verwendet oder niedrigere Temperaturen angewendet werden.
Eine zweckentsprechende Reaktionsmasse kann z. B. erhalten werden, wenn mit der vIerfachen Gewichtsmenge, beispielsweise von Ätznatron, bei einer Temperatur von ungefähr 500 bis 600"gearbeitet wird.
Beim Erhitzen des Gemenges tritt unter Abspaltung nur eines Teiles der Kiesel- saure eine Lockerung des Gesamtgefüges ein. Die Reaktionsmasse wird behufs Entfernen des Alkalis oder dgl. und zur Entfernung löslicher Silikate mit Wasser oder schwachen
Säuren behandelt. Nach Entfernung der Lösung bleibt nach dem Trocknen und allfälligen
Glühen ein voluminöses Produkt zurück.
Dieser voluminöse Stoff kann auch auf synthetischem Wege hergestellt worden.
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld kannt Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Process for the production of white enamels.
The use of chemically pure zirconium oxide as an opacifier for the production of white enamels is known. It has been shown, however, that the covering power of the zirconium oxide, which is intended to replace the tin oxide used up to now, is relatively low, and that much larger amounts of zirconium oxide are required to achieve those effects that can be achieved with tin oxide, such as of tin oxide. As a result, the replacement of tin oxide with zirconium oxide, which is very expensive, is too expensive in practice. It has also been proposed to use natural or normal zirconium silicate as an opacifier. The related
Tests have shown, however, that the natural or normal zirconium silicate has only a very slight turbid effect.
It was therefore previously assumed that the silicates of zirconium are unsuitable as opacifiers at all. Present he-. finding is based on the knowledge that by splitting off only part of the
Silica from the natural or from a normal zirconium silicate is a voluminous one
EMI1.1
The chemically pure oxide position has a much greater opacity than zirconium oxide and also greater opacity than tin oxide. It has been shown that the opacifier produced according to the invention, when used in the same amount as the tin oxide, produces almost double the coverage.
The opacifier according to the invention contains, if it is used in the same amount as the zirconium oxide, more of the valuable zirconium, so that the use of this opacifier would be more economical even if it produced the same coverage as the zirconium oxide.
The following process, for example, is suitable for producing the present opacifying agent:
The normal or natural silicates of zirconium are first finely powdered and then cleaned of coloring additions by treatment with acids such as hydrochloric acid or the like. The silicates are then heated with carbonates or hydrate of alkalis (expediently sodium) or the like under such conditions that partial splitting off of the silicic acid occurs. The complete cleavage of the silica or the complete conversion into carbonate, hydrate or an oxide-alkali compound takes place, according to experience, by melting or
Heating the silicate at very high temperatures with a large excess of alkaline disintegrating agents. Complete conversion into carbonate, hydrate or an oxide-alkali compound can be prevented by either using smaller amounts of the expansion agent or by using lower temperatures.
An appropriate reaction mass can, for. B. be obtained when working with four times the amount by weight, for example of caustic soda, at a temperature of about 500 to 600 ".
When the mixture is heated, only part of the silica is split off and the overall structure is loosened. The reaction mass is used to remove the alkali or the like and to remove soluble silicates with water or weak
Treated acids. After removal of the solution remains after drying and any
Glow back a voluminous product.
This voluminous material can also be produced synthetically.
** WARNING ** End of DESC field may overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT54055T | 1910-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT54055B true AT54055B (en) | 1912-06-25 |
Family
ID=3575434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT54055D AT54055B (en) | 1910-06-08 | 1910-06-08 | Process for the production of white enamels. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT54055B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR429665A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB191110418A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4810257A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1989-03-07 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Mechanical dewatering process |
| US6742314B2 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2004-06-01 | Robert A. Young | Working poles and method of repair |
-
1910
- 1910-06-08 AT AT54055D patent/AT54055B/en active
- 1910-06-08 GB GB191110418D patent/GB191110418A/en not_active Expired
-
1911
- 1911-05-12 FR FR429665D patent/FR429665A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB191110418A (en) | 1912-02-29 |
| FR429665A (en) | 1911-09-28 |
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